WO2013084665A1 - 電力制御装置 - Google Patents
電力制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084665A1 WO2013084665A1 PCT/JP2012/079240 JP2012079240W WO2013084665A1 WO 2013084665 A1 WO2013084665 A1 WO 2013084665A1 JP 2012079240 W JP2012079240 W JP 2012079240W WO 2013084665 A1 WO2013084665 A1 WO 2013084665A1
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- battery
- unit
- voltage deviation
- power control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power control apparatus.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-270002 filed in Japan on December 9, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a group of unit cells configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells in series is connected in parallel to form an assembled battery, a fuse is provided for each unit cell group, and one unit cell is internally short-circuited
- a battery pack that disconnects the connection with the load by opening only the abnormal cell group by blowing the fuse of the cell group including the unit cell in which the abnormality occurred Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- each main contactor is connected between each unit cell group and the load, and is connected to each unit cell group in order to eliminate variation in voltage of each unit cell group.
- each precharge resistor is connected to a single precharge contactor, if any of the main contactors are stuck open, or if any of the cell groups are disconnected, the voltage difference between the cell groups is It will increase excessively. In this case, for example, as soon as the main contactor is stuck open, an excessive current flows between the cell groups via the precharge resistor, and the precharge resistor and the fuse provided in the cell group are overheated. Abnormality may occur and the vehicle may unexpectedly become unable to travel.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a power control device capable of preventing overheating on a power line and preventing the vehicle from being unexpectedly disabled. It is aimed.
- a power control device is mounted on an electric storage device that includes a plurality of batteries connected in parallel, a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage of each battery, and a load.
- a power control device connected to the power storage device, and driving the load driven by power supply from the power storage device, based on the voltage detected by each of the voltage detection units, A voltage deviation calculation unit that calculates a voltage deviation between the batteries; a comparison unit that compares the voltage deviation calculated by the voltage deviation calculation unit with a predetermined first threshold; and in the comparison result by the comparison unit A shut-off detection unit that detects the presence or absence of the battery that is shut off in the power storage device when the voltage deviation is equal to or greater than the first threshold.
- a drive stop unit that stops the drive of the load when the voltage deviation is equal to or greater than the second threshold value in the comparison result of comparing the above may be further provided.
- the first threshold value is a maximum that occurs when each battery spontaneously discharges in a disconnected state with respect to the load. May be the sum of the voltage difference and the detection error of the voltage detector.
- the power storage device included in the electric vehicle is connected to at least a capacitor and an inverter that controls the motor, A switch capable of connecting and disconnecting the battery and the capacitor, and connecting each battery and the capacitor when starting the electric motor to supply electric charge to the capacitor, and in series with the switch and each battery
- a switch capable of connecting and disconnecting the battery and the capacitor, and connecting each battery and the capacitor when starting the electric motor to supply electric charge to the capacitor, and in series with the switch and each battery
- Each of the resistors is connected, and the second threshold value is set to a smaller value as the resistance value of each resistor is lower or the current value allowed for each resistor is lower. Also good.
- the power control device when the voltage deviation between the plurality of batteries is equal to or greater than the predetermined first threshold, the presence / absence of the battery that is in the cut-off state in the power storage device is detected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the voltage deviation from unexpectedly increasing beyond the predetermined first threshold and to determine whether or not there is a battery in the cut-off state early (for example, the voltage deviation increases excessively and the electric vehicle cannot travel). Prior to the occurrence).
- the power control device by notifying the driver of the abnormality of the power storage device, it is possible to prevent the driver from unexpectedly overheating the power storage device. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the electric vehicle from being unexpectedly disabled.
- the driver when the voltage deviation between the plurality of batteries is equal to or greater than the predetermined second threshold, the driver is unexpectedly surprised by stopping the driving of the load. It is possible to prevent a driving stop of a heavy load.
- the power control device According to the power control device according to (4) of the present invention, it is possible to appropriately determine the voltage deviation caused by the spontaneous discharge of each battery and the voltage deviation caused by the abnormality of the power storage device.
- the power control device According to the power control device according to (5) of the present invention, it is possible to prevent an excessive current from flowing through each resistor connected in series to each battery and causing an overheating state. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the electric vehicle from being unexpectedly disabled.
- the voltage (line voltage) of each battery unit when an abnormality (open adhesion) occurs in which the positive contactor is fixed in the open state is a figure which shows the example of a change and a change of a voltage deviation. It is a figure which shows the state which the interruption
- the power control apparatus 1 is mounted on, for example, an electric vehicle.
- a three-phase for example, U phase
- An inverter 4 for controlling a brushless DC motor 3 (load, electric motor, hereinafter simply referred to as motor 3) of AC, and a battery ECU 5 (voltage detection unit, voltage deviation calculation unit, A comparison unit, an interruption detection unit), a motor ECU 6 (drive stop unit), an MGECU 7 (informing unit, drive stop unit), and an informing device 8 (informing unit) are configured.
- the power storage device 2 is configured, for example, by connecting a plurality of m power supply units 11,..., 11 with a natural number m of 2 or more in parallel.
- the power storage device 2 includes a positive-side coupling portion P formed by coupling the positive-side terminals 11p of the power supply units 11 constituting the m power supply units 11, ..., 11 and the negative-electrode side of the power supply units 11. And a negative electrode side coupling portion N formed by coupling the terminals 11n to each other.
- the positive electrode side coupling portion P and the negative electrode side coupling portion N of the power storage device 2 constitute positive and negative output terminals connected to the inverter 4.
- the m power supply units 11,..., 11 are connected in parallel to the positive and negative output terminals.
- the inverter 4 includes, for example, a smoothing capacitor C that is connected in parallel between the output terminals on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side.
- Each power supply unit 11 includes, for example, a battery unit 21 (battery) configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells 21a,..., 21a in series, and between a positive terminal 21p of the battery unit 21 and a positive side coupling portion P.
- Battery unit 21 battery
- Positive electrode side contactor 22 connected in series so as to be electrically connectable / disconnectable
- negative electrode side connected in series so as to be electrically connectable / disconnectable between negative electrode terminal 21n of battery unit 21 and negative electrode side coupling portion N
- the contactor 23 and each voltage sensor 24a (voltage detection part) which detects the voltage of each battery cell 21a are comprised.
- the battery unit 21 includes, for example, a shut-off mechanism 25 including a switch and a fuse that can cut off conduction at an appropriate connection position of a plurality of battery cells 21a, ..., 21a connected in series.
- the interruption mechanism 25 can interrupt conduction automatically, for example, when an electric current of a predetermined value or more is energized, or by an operator's operation.
- blocking mechanism 25 can eliminate interruption
- Each power supply unit 11 includes, for example, a precharge resistor 31 (resistor) having one end 31 a connected between the positive terminal 21 p of the battery unit 21 and the positive contactor 22.
- the power storage device 2 is electrically connected between a resistance coupling portion B configured by coupling the other ends 31b of the precharge resistors 31 of the m power supply units 11,.
- a precharge contactor 32 switch
- the power control apparatus 1 includes a battery ECU 5, a motor ECU 6, and an MGECU 7 as various ECUs (Electronic Control Units) configured by electronic circuits such as CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- ECUs Electronic Control Units
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the precharge contactor 32 is temporarily connected when energization from the power storage device 2 to the motor 3 is started, for example, when the electric vehicle is started, and after an appropriate time has elapsed since the start of energization. Opened. Further, the positive side contactor 22 and the negative side contactor 23 are connected when the electric vehicle is driven. That is, when starting the electric vehicle, the battery ECU 5 first precharges the smoothing capacitor C with the precharge contactor 32 and the negative contactor 23 in the connected state and the positive contactor 22 in the open state. Then, after completion of the precharge, the positive contactor 22 is switched from the open state to the connected state, the negative contactor 23 is maintained in the connected state, and the precharge contactor 32 is switched from the connected state to the open state.
- the battery ECU 5 outputs from each of the plurality of voltage sensors 24a for each battery unit 21 based on the signal of the detection result of the voltage of each battery cell 21a output from each voltage sensor 24a.
- the voltage of each battery unit 21 is calculated by integrating the voltages of the plurality of battery cells 21a.
- the battery ECU 5 calculates a voltage deviation between the plurality of battery units 21 having a parallel connection relationship with the motor 3, and compares the calculated voltage deviation with a predetermined first threshold value.
- the battery ECU 5 detects the presence / absence of the battery unit 21 that is blocked by the blocking mechanism 25 in the plurality of battery units 21 when the voltage deviation between any of the battery units 21 is equal to or greater than the first threshold value.
- the battery ECU 5 outputs a signal of this detection result to the MGECU 7. Accordingly, when a signal indicating that the battery ECU 5 has detected that there is a battery unit 21 that has been blocked by the blocking mechanism 25 in the plurality of battery units 21 is input to the MGECU 7, the MGECU 7 8 is notified to the driver of the electric vehicle that the battery unit 21 is in an abnormal state.
- the predetermined first threshold value is, for example, the maximum voltage difference that occurs when each battery unit 21 spontaneously discharges in a disconnected state with respect to the load (that is, the motor 3) and the detection error of the voltage sensor 24a. It is sum.
- the battery ECU 5 has a plurality of parallel connection relationships with the motor 3 based on the detection result signal of the voltage of each battery cell 21a output from each voltage sensor 24a.
- a voltage deviation between the battery units 21 is calculated, and the calculated voltage deviation is compared with a predetermined second threshold value that is larger than the predetermined first threshold value. Then, a signal indicating the result of comparison as to whether or not the voltage deviation between any of the battery units 21 is equal to or greater than the second threshold is output to the MGECU 7.
- the predetermined second threshold is, for example, a value corresponding to the resistance value of the precharge resistor 31 or the current value allowed for the precharge resistor 31.
- the predetermined second threshold value is set to be smaller as the resistance value of the precharge resistor 31 is lower or as the current value allowed for the precharge resistor 31 is lower.
- the motor ECU 6 controls the operation (energization) of the motor 3 through the inverter 4 by outputting a command for the power conversion operation of the inverter 4.
- the MGECU 7 manages and controls the battery ECU 5 and the motor ECU 6, and controls the operation state of the motor 3 and the state of the electric vehicle in cooperation with the battery ECU 5 and the motor ECU 6.
- the MGECU 7 is in an abnormal state for the driver of the electric vehicle.
- the notification device 8 is controlled to notify the effect.
- the MGECU 7 stops the driving of the motor 3 by the motor ECU 6 when the battery ECU 5 detects that the voltage deviation between the plurality of battery units 21 is equal to or greater than the second threshold value.
- the power control apparatus 1 has the above-described configuration. Next, the operation of the power control apparatus 1 will be described.
- the voltage deviation between the voltage of the battery unit 21 corresponding to the positive-side contactor 22 that is open and fixed and the voltage of the battery unit 21 corresponding to another normal positive-side contactor 22 increases. Then, a current corresponding to the voltage deviation flows in a closed circuit composed of a plurality of battery units 21 connected via each other's precharge resistor 31, and the current flowing through the precharge resistor 31 increases as the voltage deviation increases. Then, the heat generation of the precharge resistor 31 increases.
- the voltage deviation is a predetermined first threshold value (that is, an open failure determination threshold value for determining that an interruption state has occurred in any of the battery units 21).
- the power control device 1 counts the time of the first failure confirmation counter. Start. Then, for example, at time t4 shown in FIG. 3, when the voltage deviation is equal to or greater than the predetermined first threshold and the counter value of the first failure confirmation counter reaches the predetermined threshold over a certain period (time), the power control is performed.
- the device 1 switches the flag value of the open failure determination flag that determines the occurrence of the shut-off state in the battery unit 21 from “0” to “1”. Then, the power control device 1 notifies the driver of the electric vehicle that the battery unit 21 is in an abnormal state.
- the power control device 1 When the voltage deviation abnormality determination threshold value for traveling is reached, for example, a value corresponding to the resistance value of the precharge resistor 31 or the current value allowed for the precharge resistor 31), the power control device 1 The time measurement of the second failure confirmation counter is started. Then, for example, at time t6 shown in FIG. 3, when the voltage deviation is equal to or greater than the predetermined second threshold and the counter value of the second failure confirmation counter reaches the predetermined threshold over a certain period (time), the power control is performed. The apparatus 1 outputs a vehicle stop request, stops driving of the motor 3 by the motor ECU 6, and stops power consumption in other loads such as an air conditioner.
- a predetermined second threshold value that is, an interruption state generated in any one of the battery units 21.
- the connection is made via the precharge resistor 31 when the interruption state is resolved.
- a current corresponding to the voltage deviation flows in the closed circuit composed of the plurality of battery units 21, and the precharge resistor 31 generates heat.
- the driver of the electric vehicle is notified. Notification that the battery unit 21 is in an abnormal state is performed.
- the power control device 1 when the voltage deviation between the plurality of battery units 21 is equal to or greater than the predetermined first threshold, the batteries that are in the cut-off state in the plurality of battery units 21.
- the voltage deviation is prevented from unexpectedly increasing beyond the predetermined first threshold, and the presence / absence of the battery unit 21 in the cut-off state is detected early (for example, the voltage deviation is This can be detected (prior to the excessive increase and the inability to run the electric vehicle).
- the driving of the load can be prevented from being stopped unexpectedly by the driver.
- the predetermined first threshold value is defined as the sum of the maximum voltage difference generated when the battery unit 21 is spontaneously discharged in a cut-off state with respect to the load and the detection error of the voltage sensor 24a.
- the predetermined second threshold value is set to a value corresponding to the resistance value of the precharge resistor 31 or the current value allowed for the precharge resistor 31, whereby each precharge resistor 31 connected in series to the battery unit 21. It is possible to prevent an excessive current from flowing into the overheated state. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the electric vehicle from being unexpectedly disabled.
- SYMBOLS 1 Electric power control apparatus 2 Power storage apparatus 3 Motor (load, electric motor) 4 Inverter 5 Battery ECU (Voltage detection unit, voltage deviation calculation unit, comparison unit, interruption detection unit) 6 Motor ECU (drive stop unit) 7 MGECU (notification unit, drive stop unit) 8 Notification device (notification unit) 11 Power supply unit 21 Battery unit (battery) 24a Voltage sensor (voltage detector) 31 Precharge resistor (resistor) 32 Precharge contactor (switch)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年12月9日に日本国に出願された特願2011-270002号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この場合、例えばメインコンタクタの開固着が発生していると直ちに、プリチャージ抵抗を介して単電池群間に過大な電流が流れ、プリチャージ抵抗や単電池群に設けられたヒューズが過熱されて異常が発生し、車両が不意に走行不能になってしまう虞がある。また、例えば単電池群の断線が発生しているときには、この断線が解消されたときに、プリチャージ抵抗を介して単電池群間に過大な電流が流れ、プリチャージ抵抗や単電池群に設けられたヒューズが過熱されて異常が発生し、車両が不意に走行不能になってしまう虞がある。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る電力制御装置は、複数のバッテリを並列に接続して構成される蓄電装置、各前記バッテリの電圧を検出する電圧検出部及び負荷を有する電動車両に搭載された電力制御装置であって:前記蓄電装置に接続されており、前記蓄電装置からの電力供給により駆動する前記負荷の駆動時において、各前記電圧検出部により検出される電圧に基づき、前記複数のバッテリ間の電圧偏差を算出する電圧偏差算出部と;前記電圧偏差算出部により算出された前記電圧偏差と、所定の第1閾値と、を比較する比較部と;前記比較部による比較結果において前記電圧偏差が前記第1閾値以上である場合に、前記蓄電装置において遮断状態となった前記バッテリの有無を検出する遮断検出部と;を備える。
なお、インバータ4は、例えば、正極側および負極側の出力端子間に並列に接続される平滑コンデンサCを備えている。
遮断機構25は、例えば、所定値以上の電流が通電した場合に自動的に、あるいは操作者の操作によって導通を遮断可能である。また、遮断機構25は、操作者の操作によって導通の遮断を解消可能である。
蓄電装置2は、m個の電源ユニット11,…,11の各プリチャージ抵抗31の他端31b同士を結合して構成される抵抗結合部Bと、正極側結合部Pとの間に電気的に断接可能に直列に接続された1個のプリチャージコンタクタ32(スイッチ)を備えている。
また、正極側コンタクタ22および負極側コンタクタ23は、電動車両の駆動時において接続状態とされる。
つまり、バッテリECU5は、電動車両の始動時において、先ず、プリチャージコンタクタ32および負極側コンタクタ23を接続状態として、かつ正極側コンタクタ22を開放状態として、平滑コンデンサCにプリチャージを行なう。そして、このプリチャージの完了後に正極側コンタクタ22を開放状態から接続状態に切り替え、かつ負極側コンタクタ23を接続状態に維持し、かつプリチャージコンタクタ32を接続状態から開放状態に切り替える。
そして、バッテリECU5は、モータ3に対して並列接続の関係を有する複数のバッテリユニット21間の電圧偏差を算出し、算出した電圧偏差と所定の第1閾値とを比較する。
そして、バッテリECU5は、何れかのバッテリユニット21同士間の電圧偏差が第1閾値以上となる場合に、複数のバッテリユニット21において遮断機構25による遮断状態となったバッテリユニット21の有無を検出する。
そして、バッテリECU5は、この検出結果の信号をMGECU7へと出力する。
これに伴い、複数のバッテリユニット21において遮断機構25による遮断状態となったバッテリユニット21が存在することがバッテリECU5によって検出されたことを示す信号がMGECU7に入力されると、MGECU7は、報知装置8を制御して、電動車両の運転者にバッテリユニット21が異常状態である旨の報知を行なう。
そして、互いのプリチャージ抵抗31を介して接続された複数のバッテリユニット21からなる閉回路内に電圧偏差に応じた電流が流れ、電圧偏差の増大に伴い、プリチャージ抵抗31に流れる電流が増大し、プリチャージ抵抗31の発熱が増大する。
そして、例えば図3に示す時刻t4において、電圧偏差が所定の第1閾値以上で、ある期間(時間)に亘ることによって、第1故障確定カウンタのカウンタ値が所定の閾値に到達すると、電力制御装置1は、バッテリユニット21における遮断状態の発生を確定するオープン故障確定フラグのフラグ値を「0」から「1」に切り替える。
そして、電力制御装置1は、電動車両の運転者にバッテリユニット21が異常状態である旨の報知を行なう。
そして、例えば図3に示す時刻t6において、電圧偏差が所定の第2閾値以上で、ある期間(時間)に亘ることによって、第2故障確定カウンタのカウンタ値が所定の閾値に到達すると、電力制御装置1は、車両停止要求を出力し、モータECU6によってモータ3の駆動を停止させると共に、空調装置などの他の負荷における電力消費も停止させる。
この場合においても、遮断状態が解消されるより前において、電圧偏差が所定の第1閾値以上となって、第1故障確定カウンタのカウンタ値が所定の閾値に到達すると、電動車両の運転者にバッテリユニット21が異常状態である旨の報知を行なう。
さらに、電圧偏差が所定の第2閾値以上となって、第2故障確定カウンタのカウンタ値が所定の閾値に到達すると、車両停止要求を出力し、モータECU6によってモータ3の駆動を停止させると共に、空調装置などの他の負荷における電力消費も停止させる。
2 蓄電装置
3 モータ(負荷、電動機)
4 インバータ
5 バッテリECU(電圧検出部、電圧偏差算出部、比較部、遮断検出部)
6 モータECU(駆動停止部)
7 MGECU(報知部、駆動停止部)
8 報知装置(報知部)
11 電源ユニット
21 バッテリユニット(バッテリ)
24a 電圧センサ(電圧検出部)
31 プリチャージ抵抗(抵抗器)
32 プリチャージコンタクタ(スイッチ)
Claims (5)
- 複数のバッテリを並列に接続して構成される蓄電装置、各前記バッテリの電圧を検出する電圧検出部及び負荷を有する電動車両に搭載された電力制御装置であって:
前記蓄電装置に接続されており、前記蓄電装置からの電力供給により駆動する前記負荷の駆動時において、各前記電圧検出部により検出される電圧に基づき、前記複数のバッテリ間の電圧偏差を算出する電圧偏差算出部と;
前記電圧偏差算出部により算出された前記電圧偏差と、所定の第1閾値と、を比較する比較部と;
前記比較部による比較結果において前記電圧偏差が前記第1閾値以上である場合に、前記蓄電装置において遮断状態となった前記バッテリの有無を検出する遮断検出部と;
を備えることを特徴とする電力制御装置。 - 前記遮断検出部により遮断状態となった前記バッテリの存在が検出された場合に、前記電動車両の運転者に前記蓄電装置が異常状態である旨の報知を行なう報知部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記比較部が前記電圧偏差算出部により算出された前記電圧偏差と、前記第1閾値よりも大きい第2閾値と、を比較した比較結果において前記電圧偏差が前記第2閾値以上である場合に前記負荷の駆動を停止させる駆動停止部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記第1閾値は、各前記バッテリが前記負荷に対して遮断状態で自然放電した場合に発生する最大の電圧差と、前記電圧検出部の検出誤差との和であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力制御装置。
- 前記電動車両が有する前記蓄電装置は、少なくともコンデンサおよび電動機を制御するインバータに接続されると共に、各前記バッテリと前記コンデンサとを接続および遮断可能であり、かつ前記電動機の始動時に各前記バッテリと前記コンデンサとを接続して前記コンデンサに電荷を供給するスイッチと、前記スイッチと各前記バッテリとに直列に接続された各抵抗器とを有し、
前記第2閾値は、前記各抵抗器の抵抗値が低いほど、あるいは、前記各抵抗器に許容される電流値が低いほど、小さい値に設定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電力制御装置。
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