WO2013075572A1 - 跨季蓄能供冷供热系统 - Google Patents

跨季蓄能供冷供热系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013075572A1
WO2013075572A1 PCT/CN2012/083696 CN2012083696W WO2013075572A1 WO 2013075572 A1 WO2013075572 A1 WO 2013075572A1 CN 2012083696 W CN2012083696 W CN 2012083696W WO 2013075572 A1 WO2013075572 A1 WO 2013075572A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
pool
cold
water supply
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/083696
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈义龙
胡书传
Original Assignee
阳光凯迪新能源集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to IN996MUN2014 priority Critical patent/IN2014MN00996A/en
Priority to KR1020147014122A priority patent/KR101613255B1/ko
Priority to LTEP12851272.0T priority patent/LT2784412T/lt
Priority to SI201231619T priority patent/SI2784412T1/sl
Priority to DK12851272.0T priority patent/DK2784412T3/da
Priority to CA2856771A priority patent/CA2856771C/en
Application filed by 阳光凯迪新能源集团有限公司 filed Critical 阳光凯迪新能源集团有限公司
Priority to AU2012343074A priority patent/AU2012343074B2/en
Priority to EP12851272.0A priority patent/EP2784412B1/en
Priority to JP2014542691A priority patent/JP6078077B2/ja
Publication of WO2013075572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013075572A1/zh
Priority to US14/285,666 priority patent/US9631846B2/en
Priority to HRP20191098TT priority patent/HRP20191098T1/hr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a trans-season energy storage technology, in particular to a cross-season energy storage and cooling system.
  • China's construction goods energy consumption has accounted for 27.6% of the country's total commodity energy consumption, close to the developed countries: 30% -40%. According to statistics, China's energy efficiency is currently only 33%, which is 10% lower than that of developed countries. After nearly 20 years, the energy consumption intensity is much higher than the developed countries and the world average, about 3 times that of the United States. Japan's 7.2 times, and the per capita possession of many resources is below the world average. Therefore, it is imperative to solve the problem of building energy consumption.
  • the hot summer and cold winter regions are the hardest hit areas for energy consumption.
  • the so-called “hot summer and cold winter regions” refers to a transition zone between China's heating regions and hot regions, and can also be said to be the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
  • the urban and rural population of this region accounts for about one-third of the country's total population, and its GDP accounts for about 40%. This shows that China's economy and culture are more developed, and it is the essence of the country. Its status is extremely important.
  • the region has a poor climate and is a region with poor climatic conditions at the same latitude in the world. Its distinctive feature is hot summer and cold winter. Let's talk about summer heat. The temperature in July in this area is about 2 °C higher than other areas in the same latitude. It is the hottest area except the desert arid area in this latitude. Due to the low latitude, the summer sun radiation is quite strong; and the cool breeze blowing from the Pacific Ocean is blocked by the southeast hills, which makes the summer area mainly on the leeward side, which is often a calm wind. There are as many as 1,530 days of hot days above 35 °C.
  • the average temperature of the hottest month at 14 o'clock is 32-33 ° C, while the indoor temperature is generally higher than the outdoor 1-2 ° C.
  • there are many water network belts in this area which are very humid and the humidity is always kept at around 80%. Because the human body is not very volatile, it is generally unpleasant.
  • the temperature in January is generally 8-10 °C lower than that in other parts of the same latitude. It is the coldest winter in the world at the same latitude. In the winter, the Arctic and Siberian cold wave frequently invaded, passing through the North China Plain, and after entering the area, it was blocked by the Nanling and the southeast hills, so that the cold air was stranded.
  • the average daily temperature is less than 5 ° C days, Wuhan 63 days, Nanjing 75 days, Hefei 70 days, that is, up to 2-2. 5 months, and the humidity is high, reaching 73%-83%. During this period, there were fewer photographs on the day, especially in Chongqing and Sichuan provinces.
  • the moist water vapor absorbs heat from the human body, it is cold and cold.
  • the hot summer and cold winter regions are not only in China, but also in countries around the world.
  • the climate is hot in the hot summer and cold winter regions, there is huge energy hidden in the surrounding environment.
  • the 'scheduled energy storage' method the huge energy hidden in the surrounding environment can be excavated to improve the summer heat.
  • the 'cross-season energy storage' technology is currently not used much in the world, even if it is only a small project, the typical ones are:
  • the solar collector tube has an area of 2,700 m 2 , a heating area of 20,000 m 2 , a regenerative pool of 20,000 m 3 , and a storage temperature of 60 ° C. The effect is good.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system, which can be applied to various buildings, in particular to apply the research results of 'cross-season energy storage' to large and medium-sized refrigeration heating.
  • the project has changed the problem that the previous 'cross-season energy storage' is difficult to use for large and medium-sized refrigeration and heating projects, opening up a new way for "energy saving and emission reduction".
  • a cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system includes an energy storage device, a solar heat collecting device, a refrigeration device, and a water supply device closed to a user terminal, the energy storage device including at least one heat source energy storage pool and a a cold source energy storage pool, wherein the heat source storage pool and the cold source storage pool are connected to a water source by a water pump; the water supply device includes a hot water supply pool connected to the heat source storage pool and the cold source a cold water supply pool connected to the energy storage pool; and the solar heat collecting device is respectively connected to the heat source storage pool and the hot water supply pool by a water pump; and the refrigeration device is respectively connected to the hot water supply pool and the cold water by a water pump The water supply pool is connected to the closed loop of the user terminal.
  • the energy storage device further includes an energy storage ball disposed in the energy storage ball box, the energy storage ball includes a cold storage ball and a heat storage ball, and the heat storage ball is closed to the solar heat collecting device. Connected to the user terminal; and the cold storage ball is closed-loop connected to the refrigeration device, and connected to the user terminal and the cold water supply pool.
  • the cold storage ball and the heat storage ball are alternately disposed in the energy storage ball box in winter and summer.
  • the system is further provided with an auxiliary hot water boiler, and the auxiliary hot water boiler is connected to the hot water supply tank by a water pump in a closed loop.
  • the solar heat collecting device is further connected to the user terminal and is closed-loop connected to the heat source storage pool.
  • the solar heat collecting device is a trough type concentrating heat collecting tube device
  • the refrigerating device is a non-electric type absorbing smelting and chilling unit.
  • the user terminal is a low temperature ground radiant panel.
  • a filter sterilizing device is disposed on the water inlet pipe of the heat source storage pool and the cold source storage pool.
  • the hot water storage pool, the cold water storage pool, the hot water supply pool and the cold water supply pool are all provided with a temperature sensor and a liquid level detector; and each of the pumps is provided with a solenoid valve.
  • the system further includes an intelligent control unit, and the intelligent control unit is connected to the temperature sensor, the liquid level detector and the electromagnetic valve, and is configured to control the signal according to the signal collected by the temperature sensor and the liquid level detector.
  • the on/off of the solenoid valve is used to open/close the pumps.
  • the solar heat collecting device is replaced with an industrial waste heat supply device.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the embodiment of the invention realizes the inter-season energy storage by using the energy storage device, the solar energy collecting device, the energy storage device and the user terminal, which can store energy in a quarterly manner, to form a closed-loop cooling and heating system.
  • the application of technology in large-scale refrigeration and heating projects has significant energy-saving effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of a cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the winter working condition of an embodiment of the cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the summer working condition of an embodiment of the cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the cross-season energy storage cooling and heating system of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3; FIG. As shown, the embodiment mainly includes:
  • the heat source storage tank 11 and the cold source storage tank 12 are both connected to the water source by a water pump; the water supply device 4 a hot water supply pool 41 connected to the heat source storage pool 11 and a cold water supply pool 42 connected to the cold source energy storage pool 12; and the solar heat collecting device 2
  • the water source storage tank 11 and the hot water supply pool 41 are respectively connected by a water pump; and the refrigerating device 3 is connected to the hot water supply pool 41 and the cold water supply pool 42 by a water pump, respectively, and the user terminal 5 Closed loop connection.
  • the energy storage device 1 further includes an energy storage ball 13 disposed in the energy storage ball box, and the energy storage ball 13 includes a heat storage ball 131.
  • a cold storage ball 132 that is closed-loop connected to the solar heat collecting device 2 and connected to the user terminal 5; and the cold storage ball 132 and the refrigerating device 3 A closed loop connection is connected to the user terminal 5 and the cold water supply tank 42.
  • the cold storage ball 132 and the heat storage ball 131 The winter and summer may be alternately disposed in the energy storage ball box.
  • the phase transition temperature is 58 ° C in winter and the latent heat of phase change is 260 kj / Kg of heat storage ball; in summer, a cold storage ball with a phase transition temperature of 11 ° C and a latent heat of phase change of 110 kj/kg can be used.
  • the system is further provided with an auxiliary hot water boiler 6 which is closed-loop connected to the hot water supply tank 41 by a water pump.
  • the solar heat collecting device 2 is also connected to the user terminal 5 and is closed-loop connected to the heat source storage pool 11 .
  • a filter sterilizing device (not shown) is disposed on the water inlet pipes of the heat source storage pool 11 and the cold source energy storage pool 12.
  • the refrigeration device 1 employs a non-electric absorption sniffer chiller.
  • the hot water storage pool 11, the cold water storage pool 12, the hot water supply pool 41, and the cold water supply pool 42 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor TE and a liquid level detector LE; and each of the above pumps is provided with Solenoid valve 80.
  • the embodiment further includes an intelligent control unit (not shown) connected to the temperature sensor TE, the liquid level detector LE and the electromagnetic valve for using the temperature sensor TE.
  • the signals collected by the liquid level detector LE control the on/off of the solenoid valves to open/close the pumps.
  • the entire system of this embodiment works for 8 months throughout the year: summer May-September, winter November 15 Day - February 15 of the following year.
  • the heat source storage tank 11 and the cold source storage tank 12 have a capacity of 3-7 days, a hot water supply tank 41 and a cold water supply tank. 42 capacity is 1.5 hours of load capacity.
  • the energy storage ball is placed in a 4-hour load, the heat storage ball is placed in the energy storage ball box in the winter, and the cold storage ball is placed in the summer.
  • a "low temperature ground radiant panel" can be used and a fresh air system can be configured;
  • the solar heat collecting device 2 can adopt a trough type concentrating heat collecting tube device; in a region with strong solar illuminance, a solar heat pipe vacuum set can also be used.
  • the heat pipe or an ordinary solar vacuum heat collecting tube is used as the solar heat collecting device 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the winter working condition of the embodiment; as shown in the figure, the working process is as follows:
  • the water of the water temperature ⁇ 5 ° C is taken from the river or the lake by the first water pump 701, filtered and disinfected by the filter disinfection device to reach the industrial water standard, and then sent to the cold source storage tank 12 for storage, when the liquid level detector LE shows the highest reaches.
  • the stored water in the cold source energy storage pool 12 is to be used in summer.
  • the solenoid valve B/E/X/W/K Before the daytime operation, close the solenoid valve B/E/X/W/K, open the solenoid valve A/D/F to start the second pump 702 Pumping 45°C-60°C from the heat source storage tank 11 The water is sent to the hot water supply tank 41 for storage, and when the liquid level detector LE indicates that the highest water level is reached, the second water pump 702 stops working.
  • the solenoid valve A is closed during operation, the solenoid valve X/Y is opened, the second water pump 702 is stopped, and the water of the third water pump 703 is extracted and the water of the water supply tank 41 is sent to the user terminal 5 for heating.
  • the electromagnetic valve F is closed, the electromagnetic valve E is opened, and the electromagnetic valve H/J/G is simultaneously turned on, and the above process is repeated to make the system operate normally.
  • the trough type concentrating heat collecting tube device 2 also undertakes heat exchange work with the heat storage ball 131 during the day, and the winter heat storage ball 131
  • the phase transition temperature is set to 45 ° C - 58 ° C.
  • the second water pump 702 is activated during operation to send the water of the heat source storage pool 11 to the solar heat collecting tube device 2 to be heated to 50 ° C, and then the electromagnetic valve U is opened.
  • the water of 50 ° C is sent to the energy storage ball box 13, and after heat exchange, the electromagnetic valve V and the fourth water pump 704 are turned on, and the water of 45 ° C is sent back to the solar heat collecting device 2 to be heated to form a circulation.
  • the water of the heat source storage tank 11 can be sent to the solar heat collecting device 2 to be heated and then returned to the heat source storage tank 11 by starting the second water pump 702.
  • the heat storage ball 131 and the inter-season energy storage water can only be used to ensure the normal operation of the system.
  • the heat storage ball is set at a maximum load of 4 hours.
  • the night operation starts to run normally in the daytime operation mode until the water temperature in the hot water supply pool 41 fails to meet the user's request, the electromagnetic valve D is closed, the electromagnetic valve B is opened, and the water at the water outlet end of the user terminal 5 is supplied to the energy storage ball box 13 Perform heat exchange.
  • the heat storage ball 131 has a phase transition temperature of 45 ° C to 58 ° C.
  • the heat storage ball 131 releases heat from a liquid state to a solid state, and the water temperature is raised from ⁇ 40 ° C to >45 ° C enters the hot water supply tank 41 by the fifth water pump 705 to complete the system cycle.
  • the solenoid valve A/s When the system of the heat storage ball 131 cannot meet the requirements, the solenoid valve A/s is opened, the other solenoid valves are closed, and the second water pump 702 is turned on. The water extracted from the heat source storage tank 11 is directly supplied to the user terminal 5, and the used water is directly discharged.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the summer working condition of the embodiment; as shown in the figure, the working process is as follows:
  • the water of the water temperature >30 ° C is taken from the river or the lake through the sixth water pump 706, and is filtered and disinfected to reach the industrial water standard, and then sent to the heat source storage tank 11 for storage, when the liquid level detector LE shows the highest water level, the sixth Pump 706 stops working.
  • the water of 30 ° C in the heat source storage tank 11 can be sent to the solar heat collecting device 2 to be heated to 85-95 ° C by the seventh water pump 707, and then returned to the heat source storage pool 11 and the pool.
  • the water is mixed at 30 ° C.
  • the signal is transmitted to the solenoid valve through the temperature sensor TE to turn off the seventh water pump 707.
  • the second water pump 702 Before the operation in the daytime, the second water pump 702 is started, 30 ° C water is pumped from the heat source storage pool 11 , and heat is exchanged in the solar heat collecting device 2 to make the water temperature higher than 95 ° C, and then sent to the hot water supply pool 41 for storage.
  • the second water pump 702 stops working. If the solar energy is insufficient and the water temperature is less than 95 °C, the auxiliary hot water boiler 6 can be used to replenish heat so that the water temperature is ⁇ 95 °C.
  • the eighth water pump 708 is started to extract water having a temperature of ⁇ 10 ° C in the cold source energy storage pool 12, and after reaching the energy storage ball box 13 through the user terminal 5, the ninth water pump 709 is turned on to send the cold water to the cold water supply pool 42 for storage.
  • the bit detector indicates that the highest water level is reached, and the eighth water pump 708 and the ninth water pump 709 stop working.
  • the tenth water pump 710 is started to extract the water higher than 95 ° C in the hot water supply tank 41 and sent to the olfactory chiller 3 as a heat source for cooling, and the water in the cold water supply tank 42 is taken to prepare the chilled water of 7 ° C.
  • the eleventh water pump 711 is sent to the user terminal 5.
  • the solenoid valve M/N/O//L2 is closed, the solenoid valve R/Ll/P is opened, and the return water of the user terminal 5 is returned to the smelting refrigerator 3.
  • the 7° C. chilled water produced by the scented refrigerating refrigerator 3 also performs heat exchange work with the cold storage ball 132, and the cold storage ball 132 has a phase transition temperature of 11 ° C, and is frozen at 7 ° C.
  • the cold storage ball 132 releases heat to the chilled water from a liquid state to a solid state for use at night.
  • the water temperature in the energy storage ball box 13 is raised from 7-10 ° C to 12-15 ° C.
  • the eleventh water pump 711 is opened, the electromagnetic valve N is opened, and the heat exchange is started after the energy storage ball box 13 is completed, and the electromagnetic valve Q is opened. And sent back to the scented chiller 3 through the twelfth water pump 712.
  • the cold storage ball 132 and the inter-season storage energy can only be used to ensure the normal operation of the system, and the cold storage ball 132 is set at a maximum load of 4 hours.
  • the solenoid valve O is opened, and the 15 °C return water from the user terminal 5 is sent to the energy storage ball box 13 for heat exchange, because the phase change temperature of the cold storage ball 132 is At 11 ° C, when 15 ° C water enters the energy storage ball box 13 , the heat absorbed by the cold storage ball 132 changes from solid to liquid, and the water temperature is lowered from 15 ° C to 10 ° C from the ninth water pump 709 to the cold water supply tank 42 System loop.
  • the electromagnetic valve LZ/T is opened, and the other electromagnetic valves are closed, and the water of the eighth source pump 708 is extracted and the water of the cold source storage tank 12 is directly supplied to the user terminal 5, and the used water is directly used. row.
  • the present invention has the advantages of proposing a new concept of low-level energy utilization, that is, utilizing the inter-season energy storage as a new energy source and solar energy, and utilizing the characteristics of surface water heat capacity to the surface.
  • Water is used as a carrier for storage and storage by sensible heat and latent heat, and finally achieves the purpose of cross-season use.
  • This is a new attempt that can be exploited at a low level, and is currently the first in the world for engineering use. Its main features are as follows:
  • the trough type concentrating heat collecting tube device is used to collect solar energy as heat source refrigeration;
  • solar energy is used to restore the energy released by the energy storage ball at night to ensure normal operation at night, so that the energy storage ball can replace the function of the boiler and the refrigerator;
  • the system also selected an auxiliary hot water boiler as a backup device for the system, which improved the safety of the system.
  • the industrial waste heat supply device can be used instead of the solar heat collecting device, which embodies the flexibility of the system to adopt energy diversification.
  • the entire system uses intelligent control to provide a comfortable living environment with climate change and achieve energy saving.
  • the invention combines solar energy with "cross-season energy storage” to form a new cooling and heating system system using renewable natural energy, compared with traditional air conditioning system and soil heat pump and water source heat pump air conditioning system, energy saving effect and social benefit It’s much better:
  • the present invention compared to the conventional split air-conditioning program, equivalent reductions per square of 11kg / m 2 CO 2, close to the average displacement of existing buildings 11kg / m 2 CO 2, and this effect is very clear Especially in the hot summer and cold winter areas, the effect is particularly significant.
  • the hot summer and cold winter regions are located in the Yangtze River Basin, which is one of the most developed regions in China.
  • the current construction area of new buildings in China is increasing by 2 billion square meters per year, assuming that the newly built building area in the hot summer and cold winter areas is increasing by 500 million square meters per year.
  • 200 million square meters of new buildings can reduce 22 ⁇ 108kgCO 2 by using this plan, which will contribute to the cooling of the earth.
  • the urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon that the temperature in the city is significantly higher than that in the peripheral suburbs.
  • the temperature in the suburbs changes little, while the urban area is a high-temperature area, like an island that highlights the sea surface. Because this island represents a high-temperature urban area, it is called an urban heat island.
  • the urban heat island effect makes the annual average temperature of the city 1 °C higher than the suburbs, and even more. In summer, temperatures in parts of the city are sometimes even higher than the suburbs by more than 6 °C. There are many reasons for the heat island, but the main reason is that the number of split air conditioners has increased rapidly.
  • the energy consumption of the invention is mainly the power consumption of the water pump, there is no power consumption of the air conditioner, and as the energy storage system, most of the subsystems except the duty system do not work continuously, and the entire system is fully intelligently controlled, so the festival The electric effect is very obvious.
  • the building area can save 30w/m 2 per square meter, and the air conditioning area can save 60w/m 2 per square meter. If it is increased by 200 million square meters per year in the hot summer and cold winter area.
  • the new building adopts this scheme to save 6 ⁇ 106kw, which is equivalent to 10 6 million MW power plants.
  • the benefits are immeasurable.
  • the comfort can be greatly improved, and the indoor temperature of the invention can be maintained at 25 ° C ⁇ 1 ° C from May to October. , humidity is maintained at 60% ⁇ 10%; indoor temperature can be maintained at 18 ° C ⁇ 1 ° C in December - February The humidity is maintained at 60% ⁇ 10%.
  • What needs to be specially explained here is the control of humidity. In the hot summer and cold winter areas, there are many water nets, which are very humid and the humidity is always kept at about 80%. Because the human body is not very volatile, it is generally unpleasant. In winter, the humidity is also high, reaching 73%-83%. During this period, the number of photographs was less, and because the moist water vapor absorbed heat from the human body, it was cold and cold.
  • the new air volume of the system is three times the standard. Increasing the fresh air volume can not only improve people's comfort. And can keep people awake and always have no feeling of air conditioning. In short, the adoption of this system can not only contribute to society, but also improve the quality of life of users and bring benefits to users.
  • the invention is especially suitable for the "hot summer and cold winter” region, which can not only enable people living in the “hot summer and cold winter” region to break away from the bitter sea, improve the quality of life, but also can guide them to avoid the damage caused by the traditional air conditioning method to the global environment.
  • the benefits and effects brought about by contemporary energy conservation and emission reduction are immeasurable.
  • the present invention utilizes different seasons of climatic environment to conceal huge energy, and through parallel storage of heat storage and cold storage, it solves the problem that large-scale engineering energy storage large projects cannot be realized, and can be fully applied to large scales.
  • the system standard is the world's first, and the technology level is currently in the world's leading position. The results of the present invention will guide China and the world to use low-level renewable energy instead of non-renewable energy for cooling and heating of medium and large-scale projects.

Abstract

一种跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，包括蓄能装置（1）、太阳能集热装置（2）、制冷装置（3）以及与用户终端（5）闭环连接的供水装置（4）。蓄能装置（1）至少包括有热源蓄能水池（11）和冷源蓄能水池（12），热源蓄能水池（11）和冷源蓄能水池（12）分别通过水泵（706，701）连接至水源；供水装置（4）包括与热源蓄能水池（11）相连的热水供水池（41）和与冷源蓄能水池（12）相连的冷水供水池（42）；且太阳能集热装置（2）通过水泵（707，705）分别与热源蓄能水池（11）和热水供水池（41）相连；而制冷装置（3）通过多个水泵分别与热水供水池（41）和冷水供水池（42）相连、与用户终端（5）闭环连接。该系统适用于各类建筑物的供冷供热，特别适用于夏热冬冷地区，节能效果显著。

Description

跨季蓄能供冷供热系统 技术领域
本发明涉及跨季蓄能技术，尤其涉及一种跨季蓄能供冷供热系统。
背景技术
在19702 年斯德哥尔摩联合国人类环境会议上提出'可持续发展'的口号以后，'可持续发展'的发展战略也越来越受世界各国的关注，因此在建筑领域也掀起了'绿色建筑'的高潮。由于传统城市发展模式传统建筑体系是不可持续的体系，是污染环境和造成生活质量下降的体系，而'绿色建筑'则是要求建立一个'节能、环保、健康、高效的人居环境'。目前'绿色建筑'已成为21世纪发展的主流，越来越受人们关注。我国既有建筑已有400亿平方，现在我国每年新建建筑中，99％以上是高能耗建筑，而既有的建筑中，只有4％采取了能源效率措施，我国已成为世界第二大能源消耗国。从近几年建筑用能的情况看，我国建筑用能呈现出逐年上升的趋势。
预计到2020年我国还将新增建筑面积约：300亿m2，建筑数量和建设速度都属于世界发展史上所罕见。中国建筑用商品能源消耗已占全国商品能源消费总量的27.6%，接近发达国家的：30％-40％。而据统计数据显示，我国的能源利用效率目前仅为33%，与发达国家相差10个百分点，落后近20年，能源消费强度却大大高于发达国家及世界平均水平，约为美国的3 倍、日本的7.2倍，且许多资源的人均拥有量居世界平均水平以下。因此，解决建筑能耗问题已是刻不容缓，住房和城乡建设部近日向社会公布了'十二五'期间我国公共建筑节能的目标，力争实现公共建筑的单位面积能耗下降10%，大型的公共建筑的能耗降低15％。同时提出要切实提高太阳能、浅层地能和生物质能等可再生能源在建筑用能中的比重，到2020年实现可再生能源在建筑领域消费比例占建筑能耗的15 ％以上。
夏热冬冷地区是能耗的重灾区，所谓“夏热冬冷地区”，是指我国采暖地区与炎热地区之间的一个过渡地带，也可以大体上说是长江中下游地区。这个地区的城乡人口约占全国总人口的三分之一，国内生产总值约占40%，可见这是我国经济文化较发达的地区，是国家的精华所在，其地位极为重要。
但是，这个地区气候欠佳，是世界上相同纬度下气候条件较差的地区。其显著特点是夏热冬冷。先说夏热，这个地区七月份气温比同纬度其他地区一般高出2℃左右，是在这个纬度范围内除沙漠干旱地区以外最炎热的地区。由于纬度较低，夏天太阳辐射相当强烈；而且从太平洋上吹来的凉风，又受到东南丘陵的阻挡，使夏天这个地区主要处于背风面，因而往往是静风天气。高于35℃的酷热天数，就有1530天之多。最热月14时的平均气温，达32-33℃，而室内温度一般又高于室外1-2℃。再加上这个地区水网地带多，十分潮湿，湿度常保持在80％左右。由于人体排汗难以挥发，普遍感到闷热难受。
再说冬冷，这个地区一月份气温比同纬度其他地区一般要低8-10℃，是世界上同纬度下冬季最寒冷的地区。在冬季，北极和西伯利亚寒潮频繁南侵，经华北平原长驱直入，到此地区后，又受到南岭和东南丘陵的阻挡，使冷空气滞留。日平均气温低于5℃的天数，武汉63天，南京75天，合肥70天，亦即长达2-2. 5个月，而且湿度又高，达到73％-83％。这期间日照相对又较少，特别是重庆市和四川省更是如此。由于潮湿水汽从人体中吸收热量，因而阴冷寒凉。夏热冬冷地区不仅仅在我国有，在世界各国的覆盖面也很大。在夏热冬冷地区气候虽然恶劣，但在周围环境中却隐藏着巨大的能量，通过'跨季蓄能'的方式，可将周围环境中隐藏着巨大的能量挖掘出来，用来改善夏热冬冷地区人们生存的条件。而'跨季蓄能'技术目前在世界上应用得不多，即便有也只是小型工程，比较典型的有：
A ）加拿大卡尔加里市Oketoks 镇太阳能小区：
52 栋独立住宅（建筑面积约2万平方），采用太阳能集热，土壤蓄热（144个管井，管井间距2米，深度37米）土壤热泵供热。2004 年开工，2006 年投产。 B）德国Hambung-Bramfeld 太阳能小区：
太阳能集热管面积2700m2,供暖面积20000m2,蓄热水池20000m3，蓄热水温60℃。使用效果良好。
由以上实例可以看出，目前世界'跨季蓄能'仅局限于利用太阳能跨季蓄热，而且节能效果有限。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，该系统可适用于各类建筑，特别是将'跨季蓄能'的研究成果运用到大中型制冷供热工程，改变了以往'跨季蓄能'难以用于大中型制冷供热工程的难题，为"节能减排"开辟了一个新的途径。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，包括有蓄能装置、太阳能集热装置、制冷装置、以及与用户终端闭环连接的供水装置，所述蓄能装置至少包括有一热源蓄能水池和一冷源蓄能水池，所述热源蓄能水池和冷源蓄能水池均通过水泵连接至水源；所述供水装置包括有与所述热源蓄能水池相连的热水供水池和与所述冷源蓄能水池相连的冷水供水池；且所述太阳能集热装置通过水泵分别与所述热源蓄能水池和热水供水池相连；而所述制冷装置通过水泵分别与所述热水供水池和冷水供水池相连、与所述用户终端闭环连接。优选地，所述蓄能装置还包括有设置在蓄能球箱内的蓄能球，所述蓄能球包括有蓄冷球和蓄热球，所述蓄热球与所述太阳能集热装置闭环连接、与所述用户终端连接；而所述蓄冷球则与所述制冷装置闭环连接、与所述用户终端和冷水供水池连接。
优选地，所述蓄冷球和蓄热球冬夏交替地设置在所述蓄能球箱内。
优选地，该系统还设置有一辅助热水锅炉，辅助热水锅炉通过水泵与所述热水供水池闭环连接。
优选地，所述太阳能集热装置还与所述用户终端相连，并与所述热源蓄能水池闭环连接。
优选地，所述太阳能集热装置为槽式聚光集热管装置，所述制冷装置为非电型吸收式嗅化埋制冷机组。
优选地，所述用户终端为低温地面辐射板。
优选地，所述热源蓄能水池和冷源蓄能水池的进水管道上均设置有过滤消毒装置。
优选地，所述热水蓄能水池、冷水蓄能水池、热水供水池及冷水供水池上均设置有温度感应器和液位检测仪；且上述各水泵上均设置有电磁阀。
优选地，该系统还包括有智能控制单元，该智能控制单元与所述温度感应器、液位检测仪及电磁阀相连，用于根据所述温度感应器和液位检测仪采集的信号控制所述电磁阀的开／关，来开启／关闭所述各水泵。
或者，所述太阳能集热装置用工业废热供给装置代替。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的实施例通过利用可跨季蓄能的蓄能装置、太阳能集热装置、蓄能装置与用户终端构成闭环供冷供热系统，从而实现了跨季蓄能技术在大型制冷供热工程上的应用，节能效果非常显著。
附图说明
图1 是本发明的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2 是本发明的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统一个实施例的冬季工况运行原理图。
图3 是本发明的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统一个实施例的夏季工况运行原理图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面参考图1 一图3 详细描述本发明的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统的一个实施例；如图1 所示，本实施例主要包括有：
蓄能装置1、太阳能集热装置2、制冷装置3、以及与用户终端5闭环连接的供水装置4，所述蓄能装置至少包括有一热源蓄能水池11和一冷源蓄能水池12 ，所述热源蓄能水池11和冷源蓄能水池12 均通过水泵连接至水源；所述供水装置4 包括有与所述热源蓄能水池11相连的热水供水池41和与所述冷源蓄能水池12相连的冷水供水池42；且所述太阳能集热装置2 通过水泵分别与所述热源蓄能水池11和热水供水池41 相连；而所述制冷装置3 通过水泵分别与所述热水供水池41 和冷水供水池42 相连、与所述用户终端5 闭环连接。
另外，所述蓄能装置1 还包括有设置在蓄能球箱内的蓄能球13 ，所述蓄能球13 包括有蓄热球131 和蓄冷球132 ，所述蓄热球131 与所述太阳能集热装置2 闭环连接、与所述用户终端5 连接；而所述蓄冷球132 则与所述制冷装置3 闭环连接、与所述用户终端5 和冷水供水池42 连接。
具体实现时，蓄冷球132 和蓄热球131 可冬夏交替地设置在所述蓄能球箱内。作为本实施例的一个实现方式，冬季可采用相变温度为58℃、相变潜热为260kj/ kg的蓄热球；夏季可采用相变温度为11℃、相变潜热为110kj/kg 的蓄冷球。
另外，该系统还设置有一辅助热水锅炉6，辅助热水锅炉6通过水泵与所述热水供水池41闭环连接。
具体实现时，所述太阳能集热装置2还与所述用户终端5相连，并与所述热源蓄能水池11闭环连接。
作为本实施例的一个实现方式，所述热源蓄能水池11和冷源蓄能水池12的进水管道上均设置有过滤消毒装置（图中未示出）。
本实施例中，所述制冷装置1采用非电型吸收式嗅化埋制冷机。另外，所述热水蓄能水池11、冷水蓄能水池12、热水供水池41及冷水供水池42上分别设置有温度感应器TE和液位检测仪LE；且上述各水泵上均设置有电磁阀80。
另外，本实施例还包括有智能控制单元（图中未示出），该智能控制单元与所述温度感应器TE、液位检测仪LE及电磁阀相连，用于根据所述温度感应器TE 和液位检测仪LE采集的信号控制所述电磁阀的开／关，来开启／关闭所述各水泵。
下面参考图2 一图3 详细描述本实施例的工作原理。
使用时，本实施例整个系统全年工作8个月：夏季5月-9月、冬季11月15 日-次年2月15日。在夏季同时进行供冷与蓄热工作、冬季同时进行供热与蓄冷工作，热源蓄能水池11和冷源蓄能水池12容量为3-7天负荷容量，热水供水池41和冷水供水池42容量为1.5小时的负荷容量。蓄能球按4小时负荷配置，蓄能球箱内冬天放置蓄热球，夏天放置蓄冷球。考虑到用户终端5是低位能，可采用“低温地面辐射板”并配置新风系统；太阳能集热装置2可采用槽式聚光集热管装置；在太阳能照度强的地区也可以使用太阳能热管真空集热管或采用普通的太阳能真空集热管作为太阳能集热装置2。
请参考图2，该图是本实施例的冬季工况运行原理图；如图所示，其工作过程如下：
蓄冷过程：
通过第一水泵701从河里或湖中取水温＜5℃的水，经过过滤消毒装置过滤消毒达到工业用水标准后送至冷源蓄能水池12储存，当其液位检测仪LE显示到达最高水位，第一水泵701停止工作。冷源蓄能水池12内蓄能水待夏季使用。
供热过程：
白天在运行前，关闭电磁阀B/E/X/W/K，开启电磁阀A/D/F启动第二水泵702 从热源蓄能水池11内抽45℃-60℃ 水送至热水供水池41储存，当其液位检测仪LE显示到达最高水位时，第二水泵702停止工作。运行时关闭电磁阀A，开启电磁阀X/Y，停止第二水泵702，开启第三水泵703抽取热水供水池41的水送至用户终端5供热，当热水供水池41水温达不到用户要求时，关闭电磁阀F，开启电磁阀E，同时开启电磁阀H/J/K，使用户终端5 出水端的水送到槽式聚光集热管装置2与其进行热交换，提高水温后与热水供水池41的水混合，使其达到用户要求。水温达到要求后，关闭电磁阀E、开启电磁阀F、关闭电磁阀H/J/K，系统保持循环。运行一段时间后，热水供水池41内水温达不到要求时，关闭电磁阀F、开启电磁阀E、同时开启电磁阀H/J/G，重复上述过程，使系统正常运行。此外，槽式聚光集热管装置2在白天还承担与蓄热球131的热交换工作，冬季蓄热球131 的相变温度设置为45℃-58℃。运行时启动第二水泵702将热源蓄能水池11的水送至太阳能集热管装置2加热至50℃ 后，开启电磁阀U 将50℃的水送至蓄能球箱13，经过热交换后，开启电磁阀V和第四水泵704将45℃的水送回太阳能集热装置2加热，形成循环。当热源蓄能水池11的水需要加热时，也可通过启动第二水泵702，将热源蓄能水池11的水送至太阳能集热装置2加热后，回送至热源蓄能水池11。
夜间在没有太阳情况下，只能依靠蓄热球131和跨季蓄能水来保证系统正常运行。蓄热球按最大负荷4小时容量设置。夜间运行开始按白天的运行方式常规运行，直到当热水供水池41内水温达不到用户要求时，关闭电磁阀D、开启电磁阀B，使用户终端5出水端的水到蓄能球箱13进行热交换。蓄热球131相变温度为45℃-58℃，当＜40℃的水通过热媒蓄能球箱13时，蓄热球131释放热量由液态变为固态，水温则由＜40℃升为＞45℃由第五水泵705进入热水供水池41完成系统循环。
当蓄热球131系统不能满足要求时，开启电磁阀A/s，其它电磁阀均关闭，开启第二水泵702 抽取热源蓄能水池11的水直接供给用户终端5，用完后的水直接外排。
请参考图3，该图是本实施例的夏季工况运行原理图；如图所示，其工作过程如下：
蓄热过程：
通过第六水泵706从河里或湖中取水温＞30℃的水，经过过滤消毒达到工业用水标准后送至热源蓄能水池11储存，当其液位检测仪LE显示到达最高水位，第六水泵706停止工作。为了提高热源蓄能水池11的水温，可通过第七水泵707将热源蓄能水池11内30℃的水送至太阳能集热装置2加热至85-95℃后，返回热源蓄能水池11与池中30℃的水混合，当水温达到60℃时，通过其温度感应器TE将信号传送给电磁阀关闭第七水泵707，当热源蓄能水池11内水温由于热损失下降到50℃时，第七水泵707重新启动，从而保证热源蓄能水池11中的水温在60℃，满足在冬季的使用条件。
供冷过程：
白天在运行前，启动第二水泵702，从热源蓄能水池11内抽30℃水，到太阳能集热装置2内进行热交换，使水温高于95℃后，送至热水供水池41储存，当其液位检测仪LE显示到达最高水位时，第二水泵702停止工作。如果太阳能不足，水温达不到95℃时，可通过辅助热水锅炉6补热，使水温≥95℃。同时开启第八水泵708抽取冷源蓄能水池12内温度<10℃的水，通过用户终端5到达蓄能球箱13后，开启第九水泵709将冷水送至冷水供水池42储存，当液位检测仪显示到达最高水位，第八水泵708、第九水泵709停止工作。运行开始时，启动第十水泵710抽取热水供水池41内高于95℃的水送至嗅化埋制冷机3作为热源制冷，抽取冷水供水池42内的水制备7℃的冷冻水通过第十一水泵711送至用户终端5。此时电磁阀M/N/O//L2关闭，电磁阀R/Ll/P开启，用户终端5的回水返回到嗅化埋制冷机3。此外在白天冷负荷较小的情况下，嗅化埋制冷机3制作的7℃的冷冻水还承担与蓄冷球132的热交换工作，蓄冷球132相变温度为11℃，当7℃的冷冻水通过蓄能球箱13时，蓄冷球132释放热量给冷冻水由液态变为固态，以备夜间使用。蓄能球箱13内水温则由7-10℃升为12-15℃，运行时第十一水泵711开启，电磁阀N开启，热交换在蓄能球箱13进行完毕后，开启电磁阀Q，通过第十二水泵712送回嗅化埋制冷机3。
夜间在没有太阳情况下，只能依靠蓄冷球132和跨季蓄能水来保证系统正常运行，蓄冷球132按最大负荷4小时容量设置。夜间运行时当冷水供水池42内水温达不到要求时，开启电磁阀O，来自用户终端5的15℃回水被送至蓄能球箱13进行热交换，由于蓄冷球132相变温度为11℃，当15℃的水进入蓄能球箱13时，蓄冷球132吸收水中的热量由固态变为液态，水温则由15℃降为10℃由第九水泵709送至冷水供水池42完成系统循环。
当蓄冷球132系统不能满足要求时，开启电磁阀LZ/T，其它电磁阀均关闭，开启第八水泵708抽取冷源蓄能水池12的水直接供给用户终端5，用完后的水直接外排。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于，提出了低位能利用的新的理念，即利用跨季蓄能作为新能源和太阳能巧妙配合利用，又利用地表水热容量大的特点，以地表水作为载体用显热和潜热的储存方式给与储存，最后达到跨季使用的目的。这是低位能利用的一种新的尝试，目前在工程上使用在世界上也是首创。其主要特点如下：
利用夏季日照率比较高的特点，采用槽式聚光集热管装置收集太阳能作为热源制冷；
冬季充分利用太阳能弥补蓄能水热能不足，保证冬天采暖质量；
夜间没有太阳时，依靠蓄能球吸收和释放白天储存的能量，来保证建筑物的供冷和供热，当太阳能不足时，还可以依靠蓄热池或蓄冷池储存的蓄能水来保证系统的正常供热和供冷。
白天利用太阳能还原蓄能球夜间释放的能量，以保证夜间正常运行，使蓄能球代替锅炉和制冷机的作用；
本系统还选择了辅助热水锅炉作为系统的备用装置，提高了系统使用安全性。
如果周围环境有工业废热供给装置，可以用工业废热供给装置代替太阳能集热装置，体现了系统采用能源多元化的灵活性。
整个系统采用智能控制，随气候的变化提供舒适的生活环境，并且达到节能的目的。
本发明通过太阳能与“跨季蓄能”相结合形成了一个全新的利用可再生天然能源的供冷供热系统制式，与传统空调系统以及土壤热泵和水源热泵空调系统比，节能效果和社会效益都好得多：
由于全球C02大量排放，导致全球气温逐年上升，据统计资料最高可接近每年升高1℃。而本发明与传统的分体空调方案相比，折合每平方减排量为11kg/m2CO2 ，已接近我国既有建筑平均11kg/m2CO2的排量，这个效果是十分明显的，特别是应用于夏热冬冷地区时效果尤为显著。夏热冬冷地区处于长江流域，是我国经济最发达的区域之一，我国们目前新建建筑面积以每年20亿平方递增，假设其中夏热冬冷地区新建建筑面积以每年5亿平方递增，如果其中有2亿平方新建建筑采用本方案则可减排22×108kgCO2，将为地球降温做出贡献。
城市热岛效应是指城市中的气温明显高于外围郊区的现象。在近地面温度图上，郊区气温变化很小，而城区则是一个高温区，就象突出海面的岛屿，由于这种岛屿代表高温的城市区域，所以就被形象地称为城市热岛。城市热岛效应使城市年平均气温比郊区高出1℃，甚至更多。夏季，城市局部地区的气温有时甚至比郊区高出6℃以上。造成热岛的原因很多，但最主要的原因分体空调运行数量急增，以上海为例，1997年上海每百户人家只有62.5台分体空调，至今已达到每百户人家300台分体空调，由于在夏季分体空调大量排热，加剧了城市热岛现象。原则上，一年四季都可能出现城市热岛效应。但是，对居民生活和消费构成影响的主要是夏季高温天气下的热岛效应。为了降低热岛效应的影响，人们又加大了空调的功率、其结果又使热岛效应更为严重，这种恶性循环就在我们周围不断发生。所以分体空调在新建建筑中是不宜采用的，本方案采用地面低温辐射板作为终端，本项目与传统的分体空调的方案相比，将减少大量分体空调排热，为减轻城市热岛效应作出了贡献。
由于本发明的能耗主要是水泵的用电量，没有空调设备的电耗，且作为蓄能系统，除值班系统外大部分子系统并不连续工作，而且整个系统全部智能化控制，所以节电效果非常明显，与传统的分体空调来比，建筑面积每平方可节电30w/m2，空调面积每平方可节电60w/m2，如果按夏热冬冷地区每年递增2亿平方新建建筑采用本方案则可节电6×106kw，相当于10个600万MW的电厂，可见效益不可估量。
另外，采用本发明，还可以大大提高舒适度，本发明在5-10月室内温度可保持在25℃±1℃ ，湿度保持在60％±10%；在12月-2月室内温度可保持在18℃±1℃ ，湿度保持在60％±10％。在这里需要特别说明的是湿度的控制，在夏热冬冷地区水网地带多，十分潮湿，湿度常保持在80％左右。由于人体排汗难以挥发，普遍感到闷热难受。在冬季湿度也很高，达到73％-83％。这期间日照相对又较少，由于潮湿水汽从人体中吸收热量，因而阴冷寒凉。所以湿度能得到控制，将大大提高人的舒适度。另外目前传统空调无论是分体空调还是集中空调对新风量都重视不够，这样长期在空调环境中都会感到不适，本系统新风量是规范的3倍，增大新风量不但可以提高人的舒适度，而且可以使人始终保持清醒的头脑，没有空调病的感觉。总之，采用本系统不但可以给社会做贡献，也能提高用户的生活质量，给用户带来实惠。
本发明尤其适用于“夏热冬冷”地区，它不但可以使生活在“夏热冬冷”地区的人们脱离苦海，提高生活质量，而且可以指导他们避免采用传统空调方法给地球环境带来破坏，给当代节能减排带来的效益和效果不可估量的。
综上所述，本发明利用不同季节的气候环境中隐藏着巨大的能量，通过跨季蓄能来蓄热和蓄冷，它解决了大型工程蓄能体积大工程无法实现的难题，可以完全适用大型工程，而且通过太阳能和跨季蓄能的结合，可以不用热泵提升能量，节电效果显著。该系统制式属于世界首创，技术水平目前处于世界领先地位。本发明的成果将指导我国乃至全世界采用低位可再生的能源代替不可再生能源用于中大型项目的供冷和供热。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，该系统包括有蓄能装置、太阳能集热装置、制冷装置、以及与用户终端闭环连接的供水装置，所述蓄能装置至少包括有一热源蓄能水池和一冷源蓄能水池，所述热源蓄能水池和冷源蓄能水池均通过水泵连接至水源；所述供水装置包括有与所述热源蓄能水池相连的热水供水池和与所述冷源蓄能水池相连的冷水供水池；且所述太阳能集热装置通过水泵分别与所述热源蓄能水池和热水供水池相连；而所述制冷装置通过水泵分别与所述热水供水池和冷水供水池相连、与所述用户终端闭环连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述蓄能装置还包括有设置在蓄能球箱内的蓄能球，所述蓄能球包括有蓄冷球和蓄热球，所述蓄热球与所述太阳能集热装置闭环连接、与所述用户终端连接；而所述蓄冷球则与所述制冷装置闭环连接、与所述用户终端和冷水供水池连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述蓄冷球和蓄热球冬夏交替地设置在所述蓄能球箱内。
4.如权利要求3所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，该系统还设置有一辅助热水锅炉，辅助热水锅炉通过水泵与所述热水供水池闭环连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热装置还与所述用户终端相连，并与所述热源蓄能水池闭环连接。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热装置为槽式聚光集热管装置，所述制冷装置为非电型吸收式嗅化埋制冷机组。
7.如权利要求6所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述用户终端为低温地面辐射板。
8.如权利要求7所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述热源蓄能水池和冷源蓄能水池的进水管道上均设置有过滤消毒装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述热水蓄能水池、冷水蓄能水池、热水供水池及冷水供水池上均设置有温度感应器和液位检测仪；且上述各水泵上均设置有电磁阀。
10.如权利要求9所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括有智能控制单元，该智能控制单元与所述温度感应器、液位检测仪及电磁阀相连，用于根据所述温度感应器和液位检测仪采集的信号控制所述电磁阀的开／关，来开启／关闭所述各水泵。
11.如权利要求9 所述的跨季蓄能供冷供热系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热装置用工业废热供给装置代替。
PCT/CN2012/083696 2011-11-25 2012-10-29 跨季蓄能供冷供热系统 WO2013075572A1 (zh)

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