WO2013073175A1 - 組電池の充電方法、充電制御回路及び電源システム - Google Patents
組電池の充電方法、充電制御回路及び電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013073175A1 WO2013073175A1 PCT/JP2012/007293 JP2012007293W WO2013073175A1 WO 2013073175 A1 WO2013073175 A1 WO 2013073175A1 JP 2012007293 W JP2012007293 W JP 2012007293W WO 2013073175 A1 WO2013073175 A1 WO 2013073175A1
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- charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for charging an assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead storage batteries, a charge control circuit, and a power supply system, and in particular, a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series are connected in parallel.
- the present invention relates to a technique for suitably charging an assembled battery using a single charger.
- lead-acid batteries have been attracting attention as high-performance power supplies in industrial fields where expensive lithium ion secondary batteries are not profitable due to improvements in their charge / discharge characteristics.
- the above-mentioned industrial field is not a portable battery-equipped device, but a region that handles special electric vehicles such as electric carts and forklifts that have a full recycling system for battery-equipped main bodies and lead-acid batteries.
- Lead charge battery acceptability is affected by the temperature to which the battery is exposed. For example, when a lead storage battery is exposed to a low temperature, the fluidity of the electrolyte and the reactivity of the electrodes are reduced. For this reason, charge acceptability falls by reaction resistance rising.
- the reaction resistance represents the likelihood of an electrochemical reaction in the battery. For example, when the battery is exposed to a low temperature, an electrochemical reaction is less likely to occur, and the reaction resistance increases. Conversely, when the battery is exposed to a high temperature, an electrochemical reaction is likely to occur, and the reaction resistance decreases.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the temperature at which a lead storage battery is exposed is measured each time, the charge control voltage is calculated by reflecting the measured value in an equation having temperature as a variable, and charge / discharge is controlled. Yes. Further, in Patent Document 2, when a predetermined end-of-charge voltage is reached, the charging current is reduced and the process proceeds to the next stage of charge. The last stage of charge passes a predetermined time after the lead storage battery reaches the end-of-charge voltage. In the multi-stage constant current charging of 3 or more stages (the charging current In when the number of charging stages is n is I1> I2>...> In-1), the temperature at which the lead storage battery is exposed decreases. It is described that charging is appropriately controlled by increasing the charging end voltage.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 exhibit an excellent effect in the case of a single lead storage battery or in the case of an assembled battery composed of one series circuit in which a plurality of lead storage batteries are connected in series.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 exhibit an excellent effect in the case of a single lead storage battery or in the case of an assembled battery composed of one series circuit in which a plurality of lead storage batteries are connected in series.
- a plurality of the series circuits are connected in parallel to form an assembled battery as a power source.
- the temperature at which the lead storage battery is exposed is easily different for each series circuit.
- the present invention solves the above-described problems, and includes an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead-acid batteries are connected in series, and a single charger.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an assembled battery charging method, a charging control circuit, and a power supply system that can be used without being overcharged or insufficiently charged.
- a method for charging an assembled battery uses an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series to each other in parallel.
- a first index value which is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- Two steps a third step of performing normal charging for charging the assembled battery with a first charge amount corresponding to the first index value, and a step corresponding to the second index value following the third step.
- a charge control circuit charges a battery pack configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits each having one or more lead-acid batteries connected in series using a single charger.
- a charge control circuit that obtains a first index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits, And an acquisition unit for acquiring a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits; And controlling the battery charger to perform normal charging for charging the assembled battery with a first charge amount corresponding to the first index value, and subsequently to the normal charging, the second charging corresponding to the second index value is performed.
- a charge control unit that performs refresh charging for charging the assembled battery with an amount of electricity. That.
- a power supply system includes an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series, and one charge for charging the assembled battery. And the above-described charging control circuit that controls the one charger.
- the present invention it is possible to suppress the lead storage battery included in the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value from being overcharged by normal charging and using refresh charging only by using one charger.
- the sulfation of the lead storage battery included in the second series circuit having the highest resistance value can be preferably eliminated.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows typically the structural example of the battery mounting apparatus containing 2nd Embodiment of a power supply system. It is a flowchart which shows an example of charge operation of the assembled battery in the power supply system of 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of charge operation of the assembled battery in the power supply system of 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows typically the structural example of the battery mounting apparatus containing 3rd Embodiment of a power supply system. It is a figure which shows the table for determining indentation charge time. It is a figure which shows the table for determining refresh charge time. It is a block diagram which shows typically the structural example of the battery mounting apparatus containing 4th Embodiment of a power supply system. It is a figure which shows the lifetime characteristic of an Example and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. FIG.
- the inventors use a single charger for an assembled battery in which one lead storage battery (or a series circuit in which a plurality of lead storage batteries are connected in series) is connected in parallel.
- the conditions under which all series circuits did not fall into a severe overcharge even when charged in this way were studied.
- the amount of electricity charged during normal charging was made to correspond to the resistance value of the series circuit having the lowest resistance value.
- the series circuit with the lowest resistance value can be prevented from being overcharged.
- normal charging is, for example, charging that is always performed when the user turns on the charger.
- to make the amount of charged electricity correspond to the resistance value of the series circuit having the lowest resistance value specifically means that the amount of charged electricity is increased as the resistance value of the series circuit having the lowest resistance value is increased.
- the series circuit having the lowest resistance value is a series circuit having high charging efficiency and easily overcharged.
- the series circuit having the highest resistance value is a series circuit that has low charging efficiency and is likely to fall short of charging.
- refresh charging described in International Publication No. 2010/137334 that is, in order to change lead sulfate inactivated by the amount of electricity exceeding the amount of charged electricity in normal charging to a charged product. Charge the battery. Then, the amount of electricity charged in refresh charging is made to correspond to the resistance value of the series circuit having the highest resistance value, thereby eliminating the sulfation of the lead storage battery of the series circuit having the highest resistance value.
- the resistance value of the series circuit having the highest resistance value specifically, the higher the resistance value of the series circuit having the highest resistance value, the larger the amount of charge electricity in refresh charging. To do.
- the sufficiently small charging current value means, for example, not more than the N-th stage charging current value in N-stage constant current charging (described later), specifically, for example, 0.025 C or less.
- C means that the current value is shown in units of “1C” shown below. 1C indicates that when the battery is discharged at a current value of 1C until the SOC decreases from 100% to 0% (that is, when the nominal capacity value of the battery is discharged at a current value of 1C), the SOC of the battery is reduced in 1 hour. The current value is 0% (the amount of stored electricity is zero). “C” is also referred to as “It”.
- the inventors have found that sulfation can be suitably eliminated while suppressing overcharging by increasing or decreasing the amount of charge in normal charging and refresh charging in accordance with the resistance value of the series circuit. It was.
- the specific internal resistance of each lead-acid battery the specific resistance of the grid, the connection resistance between the electrode tab and the connection component, the connection resistance between the connection components, the pole column and the terminal Connection resistance, etc.
- connection resistance between lead-acid batteries resistance related to conducting wire connection between a series circuit and a charger, and the like.
- what has the greatest influence on the resistance value of the series circuit is a reaction resistance that increases or decreases depending on the temperature to which the lead storage battery is exposed. Therefore, instead of detecting the resistance value of the series circuit, the surface temperature of the lead storage battery may be used.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of a battery-equipped device including the first embodiment of the power supply system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of transition of the terminal voltage Vt and the charging current Ic when the assembled battery is charged.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a table for determining the push-in charging time Tf.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a table for determining the refresh charge time Tr.
- the terminal voltage Vt in one lead acid battery is shown for convenience of explanation.
- the battery 1 includes a power supply system 11 and a load 12.
- the battery-equipped device 10 is, for example, a special electric vehicle.
- the switch 13 When the switch 13 is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply system 11 to a load 12 made of, for example, a motor.
- the power supply system 11 includes an assembled battery 4, temperature sensors 5 a and 5 b, a control unit 6, a charger 7, and a switch 8.
- the assembled battery 4 includes series circuits 1, 2, and 3 connected in parallel.
- Series circuit 1 includes lead storage batteries (LSB) 1a, 1b, and 1c connected in series.
- series circuit 2 includes lead acid batteries (LSB) 2a, 2b, and 2c connected in series
- series circuit 3 includes lead acid batteries (LSB) 3a, 3b, and 3c connected in series.
- the series circuit 2 is disposed so as to be physically sandwiched between the series circuit 1 and the series circuit 3.
- the lead storage batteries 1a to 3c are physically arranged, for example, in a lattice shape.
- each of the lead storage batteries 1a to 3c has, for example, a nominal voltage of 12 [V] and a nominal capacity of 60 [Ah].
- the charger 7 is controlled by the control unit 6 to charge the assembled battery 4. That is, in this embodiment, each lead storage battery of the series circuits 1, 2, and 3 included in the assembled battery 4 connected in parallel to each other is charged using one charger 7.
- the assembled battery 4 can be discharged to the load 12 by turning on the switch 13 after the charging is completed.
- the resistance value increases due to exposure to low temperatures.
- the series circuits 1 and 3 have a small number.
- lead storage batteries 1a, 1c, 3a and 3c arranged at the ends have high resistance values when exposed to low temperatures.
- the resistance value of the series circuit 2 having a large number of adjacent batteries is lowered by being exposed to a high temperature.
- the lead storage battery 2 b disposed in the center has a low resistance value when exposed to high temperatures.
- a temperature sensor (TS: Temperature Sensor) 5a is provided in the lead storage battery 3a that is exposed to the lowest temperature (highest resistance value), and is exposed to the highest temperature (most resistance).
- a temperature sensor (TS) 5b is provided in the lead storage battery 2b.
- the temperature sensors 5a and 5b measure the surface temperatures of the lead storage batteries 3a and 2b, respectively.
- the temperature sensors 5a and 5b output the measured surface temperatures to the control unit 6, respectively.
- the controller 6 includes a voltage detector 61, a memory 62, and a timer 63.
- the voltage detector 61 detects the voltage between the terminals 41 and 42 of the assembled battery 4 as the terminal voltage Vt.
- the memory 62 stores the tables shown in FIGS. Further, the memory 62 stores a first stage charging time T1 (described later).
- the timer 63 counts the charging time.
- the controller 6 controls the charger 7 to start normal charging by N-stage constant current charging as shown in FIG.
- the control unit 6 controls the charger 7 to execute refresh charging subsequent to normal charging whenever normal charging is performed K times (K is an integer of 1 or more) set in advance.
- the N-stage constant current charging starts the first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, and when the terminal voltage Vt of the assembled battery 4 reaches the charging end voltage Vth, the charging current Charging to reduce the current Ic and proceed to the constant current charging of the next stage is repeated (N-1) stage (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the terminal voltage Vt of the assembled battery 4 is the charge end voltage at the (N-1) stage.
- N is an integer of 2 or more
- Vt of the assembled battery 4 is the charge end voltage at the (N-1) stage.
- the constant current charging at the Nth stage may be performed at a current value smaller than the charging current value at the (N-1) th stage.
- Vth 14.4
- a region ⁇ is a region in which when the assembled battery 4 reaches the end-of-charge voltage Vth, the charging current value is decreased and the process proceeds to the next constant current charging.
- the current value Ic1 which is the set current value Is of the first stage is 0.2C
- the current value Ic2 which is the set current value Is of the second stage is 0.1C
- the set current value Is of the third stage is 14.4V
- 14.4V is an example of the charge end voltage Vth suitable when the temperature Tp of a lead acid battery is 25 degreeC. Therefore, the end-of-charge voltage Vth is not limited to 14.4V, and may be set as appropriate.
- the N-stage constant current charging in the regions ⁇ and ⁇ corresponds to an example of normal charging in the third step.
- the memory 62 of the control unit 6 stores, for example, a table as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a table in which the charging time T1 of the first stage and the battery temperature Tp1 measured by the temperature sensor 5b are associated with a predetermined time Tf to be subjected to indentation charging.
- the control unit 6 displays the measured battery temperature Tp1 and the first stage charging time T1 described later in the table of FIG. Are compared with each other to determine a predetermined time Tf to be subjected to indentation charging in the region ⁇ .
- the controller 6 controls the charger 7 based on the determined predetermined time Tf.
- the lead storage battery 2b (that is, the lead storage battery of the series circuit 2) that is exposed to the highest temperature (that is, the lowest resistance value and the high charge acceptance) is charged in the regions ⁇ and ⁇ (normal charging). ) To prevent overcharging.
- the first stage charging electricity amount (charging time T1) in N-stage constant current charging becomes larger (longer) as the state of charge (SOC) immediately before time t1 when charging starts is smaller. Therefore, the amount of electricity charged in the first stage affects the predetermined time Tf that should be pushed and charged in the region ⁇ . For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, the predetermined time Tf to be pushed and charged in the region ⁇ is set longer as the amount of charge in the first stage is larger (that is, the charge time T1 is longer).
- the area ⁇ in FIG. 2 is an area for refresh charging that is subsequently performed for a predetermined time Tr after the charging (normal charging) in the areas ⁇ and ⁇ is completed.
- the memory 62 of the control unit 6 stores, for example, a table as shown in FIG.
- the control unit 6 displays the measured battery temperature Tp2 and the first-stage charging time T1 described later in the table of FIG.
- a predetermined time Tr to be refresh-charged in the region ⁇ is determined.
- the controller 6 controls the charger 7 based on the determined predetermined time Tr.
- the sulfation of the lead storage battery 3a that is, the lead storage battery of the series circuit 3
- the lowest temperature that is, the highest resistance value and the lowest charge acceptance
- the charging of the region ⁇ corresponds to an example of refresh charging in the fourth step.
- the charging times Tf and Tr are set.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the charging electricity amounts Qf and Qr may be set.
- the amount of charge in charging in the regions ⁇ and ⁇ in FIG. 2 corresponds to an example of the first amount of charge
- the amount of charge in charging in the region ⁇ in FIG. It corresponds to an example.
- the battery temperature Tp1 measured by the temperature sensor 5b battery temperature Tp1 used in FIG.
- the control unit 6 corresponds to an example of an acquisition unit and a charge control unit.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are flowcharts showing an example of the charging operation of the assembled battery in the power supply system of the first embodiment.
- the assembled battery charging operation in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- step S1 normal charging (N-stage constant current charging, that is, regions ⁇ and ⁇ in FIG.
- the count value Cv for counting the number of executions of (charging) is increased by 1 (step S1).
- step S2 the control unit 6 sets the current value Ic1 as the set current value Is (step S2).
- step S3 the charger 7 supplies a charging current having a set current value Is to the assembled battery 4, and the assembled battery 4 is charged with a constant current (step S3, FIG. 2). Time t1).
- the time measuring unit 63 starts measuring the charging time T1 of the first stage (step S4).
- the constant current charging at the current value Ic1 of 0.2C is executed by the constant current charging at step S3, and the terminal voltage Vt of the assembled battery 4 gradually increases.
- the charging current is distributed to the series circuits 1 to 3.
- a charging current having a current value (Ic1 ⁇ 3) is supplied from the charger 7 to the assembled battery 4 so that the current value flowing through the series circuits 1 to 3 becomes Ic1.
- the series circuits 1 to 3 have different resistance values due to temperature differences. Therefore, the charging currents respectively supplied from the charger 7 to the series circuits 1 to 3 do not have the same current value Ic1. As a result, a series circuit with a small amount of charged electricity due to a low temperature (that is, a high resistance value) and a series circuit with a large amount of charged electricity due to a high temperature (that is, a low resistance value) are generated.
- the amount of charge for normal charging is determined so as to be suitable for a series circuit having a high temperature (that is, a large amount of charge), overcharge can be prevented.
- the charge electricity amount of the refresh charge is determined so as to be adapted to the series circuit having a low temperature (that is, the charge electricity amount is small), sulfation can be eliminated, and at the same time, the lack of charge can be eliminated.
- the control unit 6 compares the terminal voltage Vt with the end-of-charge voltage Vth (step S5). If the terminal voltage Vt does not satisfy the end-of-charge voltage Vth (NO in step S5), the charging is continued. While waiting. When the terminal voltage Vt becomes equal to or higher than the end-of-charge voltage Vth (YES in step S5, time t2 in FIG. 2), the first stage charging time T1 is stored in the memory 62 (step S6), and the second stage constant current. In order to start charging, 2 is substituted into the variable i (step S7).
- the charging current of the preset current value Is is supplied to the assembled battery 4 by the charger 7, and the assembled battery 4 is charged with constant current (step S9).
- control unit 6 compares the terminal voltage Vt with the end-of-charge voltage Vth (step S10), and if the terminal voltage Vt does not satisfy the end-of-charge voltage Vth (NO in step S10), repeats steps S9 to S10. .
- the terminal voltage Vt becomes equal to or higher than the end-of-charge voltage Vth (YES in step S10)
- step S11 If the variable i is not equal to (N ⁇ 1) (NO in step S11), 1 is added to the variable i to execute the constant current charging of the next stage (step S12), and steps S8 to S11 are performed again. repeat. On the other hand, if the variable i is equal to (N ⁇ 1) (YES in step S11, time t3 in FIG. 2), the process proceeds to step S13.
- the constant current charging from the above steps S2 to S11 corresponds to the region ⁇ in FIG.
- step S ⁇ b> 13 the control unit 6 starts to count the push-in charging time.
- the constant current charging is continued as the constant current charging (push-in charging) of the Nth stage following the constant current charging of the (N ⁇ 1) th stage of step S9.
- the control unit 6 acquires the battery temperature Tp1 of the lead storage battery 2b measured by the temperature sensor 5b (step S14, corresponding to an example of the first step).
- control unit 6 compares the acquired battery temperature Tp1 and the first charging time T1 stored in the memory 62 in step S6 with the table of FIG. A predetermined time Tf of indentation charging that is constant-current charging of the eyes is selected (step S15, corresponding to an example of the fifth step). Next, the control unit 6 determines whether or not the measured push-in charging time has reached the predetermined time Tf selected in Step S15 (Step S16).
- the control unit 6 waits until the push-in charging time reaches the predetermined time Tf (NO in step S16).
- step S18 the control unit 6 starts measuring the refresh charge time.
- the N-stage constant current charge (push-in charge) that has been performed after the (N-1) -stage constant current charge in step S9 is continued as the refresh charge.
- the control unit 6 acquires the battery temperature Tp2 of the lead storage battery 3a measured by the temperature sensor 5a (step S19, corresponding to an example of the second step).
- control unit 6 compares the acquired battery temperature Tp2 and the first charging time T1 stored in the memory 62 in step S6 with the table of FIG.
- the predetermined time Tr is selected (step S20, corresponding to an example of the sixth step).
- control unit 6 determines whether or not the measured refresh charging time has reached the predetermined time Tr selected in Step S20 (Step S21).
- the control unit 6 waits until the refresh charging time reaches the predetermined time Tr (NO in step S21), and when the refresh charging time reaches the predetermined time Tr (YES in step S21), the control unit 6 sets the count value Cv to 0. (Step S22) and the charging is terminated.
- the predetermined time Tf that is the push-in charging time in normal charging is determined based on the battery temperature Tp1 of the lead storage battery 2b measured by the temperature sensor 5b. Therefore, overcharge of the lead storage battery having the lowest resistance value can be prevented.
- the predetermined time Tr that is the refresh charge time is determined based on the battery temperature Tp2 of the lead storage battery 3a measured by the temperature sensor 5a. Therefore, the sulfation of the lead storage battery having the highest resistance value can be sufficiently eliminated.
- the assembled battery 4 constituted by connecting the series circuits 1 to 3 connected in series with the lead storage batteries in parallel is overcharged by using one charger 7. While avoiding, sulfation can be sufficiently eliminated and charging can be performed suitably.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the battery-equipped device including the second embodiment of the power supply system.
- the same elements as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the second embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.
- the battery-equipped device 10 a of the second embodiment includes a power supply system 11 a instead of the power supply system 11 in the battery-equipped device 10 of the first embodiment.
- the power supply system 11 a of the second embodiment includes the assembled battery 4 a instead of the assembled battery 4 in the power supply system 11 of the first embodiment, and includes a control unit 6 a instead of the control unit 6.
- the temperature sensor (TS) which measures the surface temperature is provided in all the lead storage batteries (LSB).
- the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, and 51c are provided in the lead storage batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c of the series circuit 1, respectively.
- temperature sensors 52a, 52b, and 52c are provided in the lead storage batteries 2a, 2b, and 2c of the series circuit 2, respectively.
- temperature sensors 53a, 53b, and 53c are provided in the lead storage batteries 3a, 3b, and 3c of the series circuit 3, respectively.
- the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53a, 53b, and 53c output the measured battery temperatures Tp to the control unit 6a.
- the control unit 6a acquires a battery temperature Tp that is the surface temperature of the lead storage battery output from the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53a, 53b, and 53c.
- Vth 14.4-0.03 (Tp1-25) (1)
- the charge end voltage Vth is set.
- the series circuits 1 to 3 each include three lead storage batteries connected in series, the end-of-charge voltage Vth is actually a value set by the above equation. It is 3 times.
- the control unit 6a selects the highest temperature value among the obtained battery temperatures Tp as the battery temperature Tp1 (corresponding to an example of the first index value), and pushes in from the battery temperature Tp1 using the table of FIG.
- the charging time Tf for charging is determined.
- the control part 6a selects the lowest temperature value among the acquired battery temperature Tp as battery temperature Tp2 (equivalent to an example of a 2nd index value), and uses the table of FIG. 4 from the battery temperature Tp2.
- the charging time Tr for refresh charging is determined.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are flowcharts showing an example of the charging operation of the assembled battery in the power supply system of the second embodiment.
- the assembled battery charging operation in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 7 to 9.
- step S31 the control unit 6a first checks the charging condition and determines whether or not the charging condition is satisfied (step S32).
- the control unit 6a determines that the charging condition is satisfied ( YES at step S32)
- the process proceeds to step S33.
- step S33 the count value Cv is incremented by one.
- the control unit 6a determines that the charging condition is not satisfied, for example, when the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 4 is (12.8 ⁇ 3) V or more or the maximum value of the battery temperature is 55 ° C. or more. (NO in step S32), the process returns to step S31 and waits for the switch 8 to be turned on next. That is, when the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 4 is (12.8 ⁇ 3) V or higher, it is determined that the battery is fully charged, and charging is not performed to prevent deterioration due to overcharging. When the maximum battery temperature is 55 ° C. or higher, charging is not performed in order to prevent the temperature from being too high and causing an abnormality.
- the voltage detection unit 61 may individually detect the terminal voltages of the individual lead storage batteries 1a to 1c, 2a to 2c, and 3a to 3c. In this case, the control unit 6a may not perform charging when there is even one lead storage battery having a terminal voltage of 12.8V or higher. In this case, the control unit 6a also calculates the total value of the terminal voltages of the lead storage batteries 1a to 1c, the total value of the terminal voltages of the lead storage batteries 2a to 2c, or the terminal voltage of the lead storage batteries 3a to 3c. The total value may be used as the terminal voltage Vt.
- the confirmation of the charging condition in step S32 only needs to be able to determine whether or not the assembled battery 4 is in a state suitable for charging. Therefore, in the confirmation of the charging condition in step S32, it may be determined whether the assembled battery 4 is in a state suitable for charging by another method.
- the charging current is distributed to the series circuits 1 to 3.
- a charging current having a current value (Ic1 ⁇ 3) is supplied from the charger 7 to the assembled battery 4 so that the current value flowing through the series circuits 1 to 3 becomes Ic1.
- the series circuits 1 to 3 have different resistance values due to temperature differences. Therefore, the charging currents respectively supplied from the charger 7 to the series circuits 1 to 3 do not have the same current value Ic1. As a result, a series circuit with a small amount of charged electricity due to a low temperature (that is, a high resistance value) and a series circuit with a large amount of charged electricity due to a high temperature (that is, a low resistance value) are generated.
- the amount of charge for normal charging is determined so as to be suitable for a series circuit having a high temperature (that is, a large amount of charge), overcharge can be prevented.
- the charge electricity amount of the refresh charge is determined so as to be adapted to the series circuit having a low temperature (that is, the charge electricity amount is small), sulfation can be eliminated, and at the same time, the lack of charge can be eliminated.
- the time measuring unit 63 starts measuring the charging time T1 (step S35). Subsequently, the control unit 6a acquires the battery temperature Tp output from the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53a, 53b, and 53c (step S36), and is the highest of the acquired battery temperatures Tp. A high temperature value is selected as the battery temperature Tp1 (step S37), and the end-of-charge voltage Vth is set by the above equation (1) (step S38).
- control unit 6a compares the terminal voltage Vt with the end-of-charge voltage Vth (step S39), and if the terminal voltage Vt does not satisfy the end-of-charge voltage Vth (NO in step S39), repeats steps S36 to S39.
- the terminal voltage Vt becomes equal to or higher than the charge end voltage Vth (YES in step S39)
- the first stage charging time T1 is stored in the memory 62 (step S40).
- the second stage constant current charging indentation charging is continued from the first stage constant current charging in step S34.
- N 2 in N-stage constant current charging (corresponding to an example of normal charging in the third step).
- step S44 the control unit 6a acquires the battery temperature Tp output from the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53a, 53b, and 53c, and the highest temperature value among the acquired battery temperatures Tp. Is selected as the battery temperature Tp1. Then, the control unit 6a compares the selected battery temperature Tp1 and the first stage charging time T1 stored in the memory 62 in step S40 with the table of FIG. The predetermined time Tf is selected. Then, the process proceeds to step S46. Step S44 corresponds to an example of a first process and a fifth process.
- step S45 the controller 6a acquires the battery temperature Tp output from the temperature sensors 51a, 51b, 51c, 52a, 52b, 52c, 53a, 53b, and 53c, and the highest temperature value among the acquired battery temperatures Tp. Is selected as the battery temperature Tp1, and the lowest temperature value is selected as the battery temperature Tp2. Then, the control unit 6a compares the selected highest battery temperature Tp1 and the first charging time T1 stored in the memory 62 in step S40 with the table of FIG. A predetermined time Tf for indentation charging is selected. Further, the control unit 6a compares the selected lowest battery temperature Tp2 and the first stage charging time T1 stored in the memory 62 in step S40 with the table of FIG.
- Step S45 corresponds to an example of the first process, the second process, the fifth process, and the sixth process, and the refresh charge corresponds to an example of the refresh charge in the fourth process.
- step S46 the control unit 6a determines whether or not the measured charging time has reached a predetermined time. That is, when the process proceeds from step S44 to step S46, the control unit 6a determines whether the charging time has reached the predetermined time Tf, and when the process proceeds from step S45 to step S46. The controller 6a determines whether or not the charging time has reached a predetermined time (Tf + Tr).
- all lead storage batteries are provided with temperature sensors, and the highest battery temperature and the lowest battery temperature are acquired. Therefore, it is possible to more suitably determine the predetermined time Tf that is the push-in charging time and the predetermined time Tr that is the refresh charging time. For this reason, the overcharge of the lead acid battery having the lowest resistance value can be prevented, and the sulfation of the lead acid battery having the highest resistance value can be sufficiently eliminated. As a result, the assembled battery 4 can be suitably charged using one charger 7.
- the end-of-charge voltage Vth is set based on the lowest battery temperature. Therefore, overcharge of the lead storage battery having the lowest resistance value can be prevented more reliably.
- charging is started after the charging conditions are confirmed in step S32, but the second embodiment is not limited to this.
- the charging time T1 in step S40 of FIG. 8 is a predetermined time (for example, 1 minute) or less, the control unit 6a determines that the assembled battery 4 is in a fully charged state, Subsequent charging may be stopped.
- the control unit 6 may check the charging condition in the same manner as in step S32 of FIG. For example, after charging is started, if the charging time T1 in step S6 in FIG. 5 is equal to or shorter than a predetermined time (for example, 1 minute), the control unit 6 determines that the assembled battery 4 is in a fully charged state. Then, subsequent charging may be stopped. Alternatively, the second stage charging is performed, and if the total charging time of the first stage and the second stage is equal to or shorter than a predetermined time (for example, 1 minute), the control unit 6 indicates that the assembled battery 4 is fully charged. And subsequent charging may be stopped.
- a predetermined time for example, 1 minute
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the battery-equipped device including the third embodiment of the power supply system.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a table for determining the push-in charging time Tf.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a table for determining the refresh charge time Tr.
- the same elements as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the third embodiment will be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment.
- the battery-equipped device 10b of the third embodiment includes a power supply system 11b instead of the power supply system 11 in the battery-equipped device 10 of the first embodiment.
- the power supply system 11 b of the third embodiment includes the assembled battery 4 b instead of the assembled battery 4 in the power supply system 11 of the first embodiment, and includes a control unit 6 b instead of the control unit 6.
- the control unit 6b of the third embodiment includes a memory 62b instead of the memory 62 in the control unit 6 of the first embodiment, and further includes a current detection unit 64.
- the assembled battery 4b of the third embodiment includes current detection resistors R1, R2, and R3 connected in series to the series circuits 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Moreover, the assembled battery 4b is not provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the surface temperature of the lead storage battery.
- the current detection unit 64 of the control unit 6b detects the charging current values of the series circuits 1, 2, and 3 based on the voltage drops in the current detection resistors R1, R2, and R3.
- the memory 62b of the control unit 6b stores the tables shown in FIGS.
- the controller 6b calculates the resistance Rx for each of the series circuits 1 to 3.
- the control unit 6b includes the lowest resistance Rx1 (corresponding to an example of a first index value) and the highest resistance Rx2 (corresponding to an example of a second index value). Select.
- the control unit 6b compares the charging time T1 of the first stage stored in the memory 62b and the selected lowest resistance Rx1 with the table of FIG. 11, and obtains a predetermined time Tf that is the charging time of push-in charging. decide. Further, the control unit 6b compares the first stage charging time T1 stored in the memory 62b and the selected highest resistance Rx2 with the table of FIG. 12, and is a predetermined time that is the charging time for refresh charging. Tr is determined.
- Tx11 ⁇ Tx12 ⁇ Tx13 is set, Tx21 ⁇ Tx22 ⁇ Tx23 is set, and Tx31 ⁇ Tx32 ⁇ Tx33 is set. Further, Tx11 ⁇ Tx21 ⁇ Tx31 is set, Tx12 ⁇ Tx22 ⁇ Tx32 is set, and Tx13 ⁇ Tx23 ⁇ Tx33 is set.
- Tx41 ⁇ Tx42 ⁇ Tx43 is set, Tx51 ⁇ Tx52 ⁇ Tx53 is set, and Tx61 ⁇ Tx62 ⁇ Tx63 is set. Further, Tx41 ⁇ Tx51 ⁇ Tx61 is set, Tx42 ⁇ Tx52 ⁇ Tx62 is set, and Tx43 ⁇ Tx53 ⁇ Tx63 is set.
- the predetermined time Tf that is the push-in charging time and the predetermined time Tr that is the refresh charging time it is possible to suitably determine the predetermined time Tf that is the push-in charging time and the predetermined time Tr that is the refresh charging time. Therefore, overcharge of the lead acid battery having the lowest resistance value can be prevented, and sulfation of the lead acid battery having the highest resistance value can be sufficiently eliminated.
- the resistances Rx of the series circuits 1 to 3 are obtained instead of the surface temperature of the lead storage battery. Therefore, the predetermined time Tf and the predetermined time Tr can be determined more preferably.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the battery-equipped device including the fourth embodiment of the power supply system.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same elements as those in the first embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.
- the battery-equipped device 10c of the fourth embodiment includes a power supply system 11c instead of the power supply system 11 in the battery-equipped device 10 of the first embodiment.
- the power supply system 11 c of the fourth embodiment includes the assembled battery 4 c instead of the assembled battery 4 in the power supply system 11 of the first embodiment, and includes a control unit 6 c instead of the control unit 6.
- the control unit 6 c of the third embodiment includes a memory 62 c instead of the memory 62 in the control unit 6 of the first embodiment.
- the assembled battery 4c of the fourth embodiment includes a temperature sensor 5c.
- the temperature sensor 5c detects the environmental temperature Ta of the assembled battery 4c.
- the temperature sensor 5c outputs the detected environmental temperature Ta to the control unit 6c.
- the assembled battery 4c is not provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the surface temperature of the lead storage battery.
- the control unit 6c determines a predetermined time Tr that is a charging time for refresh charging based on the battery temperature Tp and the table of FIG. 4 stored in the memory 62c.
- the temperature differences ⁇ Thi, ⁇ Tlo are obtained, for example, experimentally in advance and stored in the memory 62c.
- the fourth embodiment similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to suitably determine a predetermined time Tf that is a push-in charging time and a predetermined time Tr that is a refresh charging time. For this reason, the overcharge of the lead acid battery having the lowest resistance value can be prevented, and the sulfation of the lead acid battery having the highest resistance value can be sufficiently eliminated. As a result, it is possible to suitably charge the assembled battery 4 using one charger 7.
- N may be 3, 4 or 6 or more.
- a temperature sensor for measuring the surface temperature may also be attached to the lead storage battery 1a or 1c at the end of the series circuit 1. Then, the controller 6 selects the lower one of the battery temperature Tp of the lead storage battery 1a or 1c and the battery temperature Tp of the lead storage battery 3a as the battery temperature Tp2, and determines the refresh charging time Tr. Good.
- K 5
- K 5
- K 5
- K 5
- refresh charging may be performed every time normal charging is performed.
- K may not be a fixed value. In other words, for example, after normal charging is performed five times, refresh charging may be performed subsequently, and then normal charging may be performed four times and then refresh charging may be performed subsequently.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the life characteristics of Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The effect by the said embodiment is shown by an Example.
- the assembled battery 4 was configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment (FIG. 1).
- As the lead storage batteries 1a to 3c EC-FV1260 (manufactured by Panasonic Storage Battery Co., Ltd.) having a nominal voltage of 12V and a nominal capacity of 60Ah was used.
- the temperature sensor 5a and the temperature sensor 5b were attached to the surface of the lead storage battery 3a and the lead storage battery 2b, respectively, and the temperature measurement value was output to the control part 6.
- the constant current charging time (indentation charging time) Tf at the fifth stage was determined by comparing the surface temperature of the lead storage battery 2b measured by the temperature sensor 5b with the table shown in FIG. Then, as in the first embodiment, refresh charging was performed once every five times of normal charging.
- the refresh charging time Tr was determined by comparing the surface temperature of the lead storage battery 3a most recently measured by the temperature sensor 5a with the table shown in FIG. FIG. 14 shows the life characteristics P1 when this pattern (refresh charging is performed once in 5 times of normal charging) is repeated.
- the life characteristics P2 of Comparative Example 1 are also shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 2 is a mode in which only the normal charging is performed with respect to Comparative Example 1 without performing refresh charging.
- the life characteristic P3 of Comparative Example 2 is also shown in FIG.
- the life characteristic P1 in the present embodiment has a battery discharge capacity ratio (unit:%) with an initial capacity of 100% as the vertical axis and an expected life (unit:%) as the horizontal axis. Indicated.
- the life characteristic P2 of Comparative Example 1 in which refresh charging was performed is not sufficient, although it is improved over the life characteristic P3 of Comparative Example 2.
- the assembled battery 4 is configured by connecting the series circuits 1 to 3 in parallel. For this reason, even when the environmental temperature is kept constant, the thermal environment to which the series circuits 1 to 3 are exposed varies. Therefore, there is a limit to use a single charger to control the charging based on only the environmental temperature and extend the life.
- the temperature of lead storage batteries in the right place is measured on the premise of variations in the thermal environment, and these are individually reflected in normal charging (indentation charging in normal charging) and refresh charging, respectively. As a result, even when one charger 7 is used, the service life can be extended.
- a method for charging an assembled battery uses an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series to each other in parallel.
- a first index value which is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- Two steps a third step of performing normal charging for charging the assembled battery with a first charge amount corresponding to the first index value, and a step corresponding to the second index value following the third step.
- a first index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits is acquired. Is done.
- a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits is acquired.
- normal charging for charging the assembled battery with the first charge amount corresponding to the first index value is performed.
- refresh charging is performed in which the assembled battery is charged with a second charge amount corresponding to the second index value.
- normal charging is performed in which the assembled battery is charged with the first charge amount corresponding to the first index value. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the lead storage battery included in the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value from being overcharged by normal charging.
- refresh charging is performed with a second charge electricity amount corresponding to the second index value. Therefore, it becomes possible to suitably eliminate the sulfation of the lead storage battery included in the second series circuit having the highest resistance value by refresh charging. As a result, the assembled battery can be suitably charged by using only one charger.
- the fourth step may be executed once.
- the fourth step is executed once, so that refresh charging can be performed at a suitable frequency.
- the third step may be configured such that the first charge electricity amount increases as the resistance value corresponding to the first index value increases.
- the first charge electricity amount is increased as the resistance value corresponding to the first index value increases. Therefore, normal charging can be suitably performed with the first charge electricity amount corresponding to the high resistance value of the lead storage battery.
- the fourth step may be configured such that the second charge electricity amount increases as the resistance value corresponding to the second index value increases.
- the second charge electricity amount is increased as the resistance value corresponding to the second index value increases. Therefore, refresh charging can be suitably performed with the second charge electricity amount corresponding to the high resistance value of the lead storage battery.
- the third step performs N-stage constant current charging as the normal charging, and the N-stage constant current charging performs first-stage constant current charging according to a predetermined charging current value.
- the charging current value is reduced and charging proceeds to the constant current charging of the next stage (N ⁇ 1) stage (N is an integer of 2 or more) )
- N-stage constant current charging may be charging for a predetermined time Tf.
- N-stage constant current charging is performed as normal charging.
- first-stage constant current charging is started with a predetermined charging current value.
- Vth the charging current value is reduced, and charging that proceeds to the constant current charging of the next stage is repeated (N ⁇ 1) stages (N is an integer of 2 or more). It is.
- the Nth stage has a current value lower than or substantially the same as the charging current value at the (N ⁇ 1) th stage.
- Tf The constant current charging of the eyes is performed for a predetermined time Tf. Therefore, by performing N-stage constant current charging as normal charging, it is possible to perform charging with a sufficient amount of electricity in a relatively short time.
- the third step may include a fifth step of determining the predetermined time Tf based on the first index value.
- the predetermined time Tf is determined based on the first index value in the fifth step. Therefore, the first charge electricity amount can be easily determined.
- the refresh charging is performed at the predetermined time with a current value substantially the same as a charging current value in the N-stage constant current charging in the third step.
- constant current charging for a predetermined time Tr may be performed.
- the current value in the fourth step is substantially the same as the charge current value in the N-stage constant current charge in the third step, and after the predetermined time Tf has elapsed, Constant current charging for a predetermined time Tr is performed. Therefore, the charging current value in refresh charging is relatively small. For this reason, adverse effects such as lattice corrosion at the positive electrode due to overcharging can be made difficult to occur.
- the fourth step may include a sixth step of determining the predetermined time Tr based on the second index value.
- the predetermined time Tr is determined based on the second index value in the sixth step. Therefore, the second charge electricity amount can be easily determined.
- the predetermined time Tr may be longer as the resistance value corresponding to the second index value is higher.
- the predetermined time Tr during which refresh charging is performed becomes longer as the resistance value corresponding to the second index value increases. For this reason, as the resistance value of the second series circuit is higher, the second charge electricity amount that is the charge electricity amount of the refresh charge is increased. As a result, the sulfation of the lead storage battery having a high resistance value can be sufficiently eliminated.
- the end-of-charge voltage Vth may be set to correspond to the first index value.
- the end-of-charge voltage Vth is set to correspond to the first index value. Therefore, the amount of electricity for N-stage constant current charging, that is, the first amount of electricity for normal charging can be made a suitable amount of electricity.
- the end-of-charge voltage Vth may be set to increase as the resistance value corresponding to the first index value increases.
- the end-of-charge voltage Vth is set to increase as the resistance value corresponding to the first index value increases. Therefore, the amount of electricity for N-stage constant current charging, that is, the first amount of electricity for normal charging can be set to an amount corresponding to the height of the resistance value.
- the first step acquires a surface temperature of the lead storage battery included in the first series circuit as the first index value
- the second step includes the second index.
- the surface temperature of the lead storage battery included in the second series circuit may be acquired as a value.
- the surface temperature of the lead storage battery included in the first series circuit is acquired as the first index value.
- the surface temperature of the lead storage battery included in the second series circuit is acquired as the second index value.
- the first charge electricity amount is increased as the surface temperature of the lead storage battery obtained as the first index value is lower.
- the second charge electricity amount is made larger as the surface temperature of the lead storage battery obtained as the second index value is lower.
- a charge control circuit charges a battery pack configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits each having one or more lead-acid batteries connected in series using a single charger.
- a charge control circuit that obtains a first index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits, And an acquisition unit for acquiring a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits;
- the battery charger is controlled to perform normal charging for charging the assembled battery with a first charge amount corresponding to the first index value, and each time the normal charging is performed twice or more, the normal charging is performed. Subsequently, the assembled battery is charged with a second charge amount corresponding to the second index value.
- a charging control unit that performs refresh charge.
- the acquisition unit acquires a first index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- the acquisition unit acquires a second index value that is a corresponding index value having a correlation with the resistance value of the second series circuit having the highest resistance value among the plurality of series circuits.
- One charger is controlled by the charge control unit, and normal charging is performed to charge the assembled battery with a first charge amount corresponding to the first index value.
- the normal charge is followed by the refresh charge for charging the assembled battery with the second charge electricity amount corresponding to the second index value.
- a power supply system includes an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series, and one charge for charging the assembled battery. And the above-described charging control circuit that controls the one charger.
- the assembled battery is configured by connecting in parallel a plurality of series circuits in which one or more lead storage batteries are connected in series.
- This assembled battery is charged by one charger.
- This one charger is controlled by the above-described charging control circuit. Therefore, the lead storage battery included in the first series circuit having the lowest resistance value can be prevented from being overcharged by normal charging, and the lead storage battery included in the second series circuit having the highest resistance value by refresh charging. It is possible to suitably eliminate the sulfation. As a result, the assembled battery can be suitably charged by using only one charger.
- an electric vehicle using a lead storage battery as a main power source can be reduced in price. Therefore, it is very useful not only for industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
最初に、発明者の知見が説明される。発明者らは、過充電による悪影響(正極での格子腐食による短寿命化)と、充電不足による悪影響(サルフェーションによる容量低下)との差を比較検討した。その結果、過充電によって起こる化学変化(腐食)は不可逆であるものの、充電不足によって起こる化学変化(サルフェーション)は、例えば国際公開第2010/137334号に記載されるリフレッシュ充電により可逆的に解消可能であると推量した。
図1は、電源システムの第1実施形態を含む電池搭載機器の構成例を模式的に示すブロック図である。図2は、組電池が充電される際の端子電圧Vt及び充電電流Icの推移の例を概略的に示す図である。図3は、押込み充電時間Tfを決定するためのテーブルを示す図である。図4は、リフレッシュ充電時間Trを決定するためのテーブルを示す図である。図2では、説明の便宜上、1個の鉛蓄電池における端子電圧Vtが示されている。
図7は、電源システムの第2実施形態を含む電池搭載機器の構成例を模式的に示すブロック図である。図7では、第1実施形態と同一要素には同一符号が付されている。以下、第1実施形態との相違点を中心に、第2実施形態が説明される。
Vth=14.4-0.03(Tp1-25) (1)
により、充電終止電圧Vthを設定する。なお、上記第1実施形態で説明したように、直列回路1~3は、それぞれ直列接続された3個の鉛蓄電池を含むため、実際には、充電終止電圧Vthは、上記式で設定した値の3倍である。
図10は、電源システムの第3実施形態を含む電池搭載機器の構成例を模式的に示すブロック図である。図11は、押込み充電時間Tfを決定するためのテーブルを示す図である。図12は、リフレッシュ充電時間Trを決定するためのテーブルを示す図である。図10では、第1実施形態と同一要素には同一符号が付されている。以下、第1実施形態との相違点を中心に、第3実施形態が説明される。
図13は、電源システムの第4実施形態を含む電池搭載機器の構成例を模式的に示すブロック図である。図13では、第1実施形態と同一要素には同一符号が付されている。以下、第1実施形態との相違点を中心に、第4実施形態が説明される。
上記各実施形態において、N段定電流充電は、第1実施形態ではN=5とし、第2実施形態ではN=2としているが、これに限られない。N=3、4または6以上でもよい。
Claims (15)
- 1個以上の鉛蓄電池が直列に接続された直列回路が複数個並列に接続されて構成される組電池を、1個の充電器を用いて充電する組電池の充電方法であって、
前記複数の直列回路のうちで最も抵抗値の低い第1直列回路の当該抵抗値と相関関係を有して対応する指標値である第1指標値を取得する第1工程と、
前記複数の直列回路のうちで最も抵抗値の高い第2直列回路の当該抵抗値と相関関係を有して対応する指標値である第2指標値を取得する第2工程と、
前記第1指標値に相応する第1充電電気量で前記組電池を充電する通常充電を行う第3工程と、
前記第3工程に引き続いて、前記第2指標値に相応する第2充電電気量で前記組電池を充電するリフレッシュ充電を行う第4工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする組電池の充電方法。 - 前記第3工程が複数回実行されると、前記第4工程が1回実行されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第3工程は、前記第1指標値に対応する前記抵抗値が高くなるほど前記第1充電電気量を大きい電気量にすることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第4工程は、前記第2指標値に対応する前記抵抗値が高くなるほど前記第2充電電気量を大きい電気量にすることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第3工程は、前記通常充電として、N段定電流充電を行い、
前記N段定電流充電は、所定の充電電流値により1段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記組電池の電圧が所定の充電終止電圧Vthに達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電を(N-1)段(Nは2以上の整数)繰り返し、(N-1)段目に前記組電池の電圧が前記充電終止電圧Vthに達すると、(N-1)段目の充電電流値より低い電流値または実質的に同一の電流値で、N段目の定電流充電を所定時間Tf行う充電であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の組電池の充電方法。 - 前記第3工程は、前記第1指標値に基づき、前記所定時間Tfを決定する第5工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第4工程は、前記リフレッシュ充電として、前記第3工程の前記N段目の定電流充電における充電電流値と実質的に同一の電流値で、前記所定時間Tfの経過後、引き続いてさらに所定時間Trの定電流充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項5または6記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第4工程は、前記第2指標値に基づき、前記所定時間Trを決定する第6工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記所定時間Trは、前記第2指標値に対応する前記抵抗値が高くなるほど長くなることを特徴とする請求項6または7記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記充電終止電圧Vthは、前記第1指標値に相応するように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項5ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記充電終止電圧Vthは、前記第1指標値に対応する前記抵抗値が高くなるほど高くなるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項10記載の組電池の充電方法。
- 前記第1工程は、前記第1指標値として、前記第1直列回路に含まれる前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度を取得し、
前記第2工程は、前記第2指標値として、前記第2直列回路に含まれる前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度を取得することを特徴とする請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の組電池の充電方法。 - 前記第3工程は、前記第1指標値として取得された前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度が低いほど前記第1充電電気量を大きい電気量にし、
前記第4工程は、前記第2指標値として取得された前記鉛蓄電池の表面温度が低いほど前記第2充電電気量を大きい電気量にすることを特徴とする請求項12記載の組電池の充電方法。 - 1個以上の鉛蓄電池が直列に接続された直列回路が複数個並列に接続されて構成される組電池を、1個の充電器を用いて充電する充電制御回路であって、
前記複数の直列回路のうちで最も抵抗値の低い第1直列回路の当該抵抗値と相関関係を有して対応する指標値である第1指標値を取得し、かつ、前記複数の直列回路のうちで最も抵抗値の高い第2直列回路の当該抵抗値と相関関係を有して対応する指標値である第2指標値を取得する取得部と、
前記1個の充電器を制御して、前記第1指標値に相応する第1充電電気量で前記組電池を充電する通常充電を行い、前記通常充電に引き続いて、前記第2指標値に相応する第2充電電気量で前記組電池を充電するリフレッシュ充電を行う充電制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする充電制御回路。 - 1個以上の鉛蓄電池が直列に接続された直列回路が複数個並列に接続されて構成される組電池と、
前記組電池を充電する1個の充電器と、
前記1個の充電器を制御する請求項14記載の充電制御回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする電源システム。
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