WO2013069748A1 - 電縫溶接操業の監視装置、方法、プログラム、及び記憶媒体 - Google Patents
電縫溶接操業の監視装置、方法、プログラム、及び記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013069748A1 WO2013069748A1 PCT/JP2012/079036 JP2012079036W WO2013069748A1 WO 2013069748 A1 WO2013069748 A1 WO 2013069748A1 JP 2012079036 W JP2012079036 W JP 2012079036W WO 2013069748 A1 WO2013069748 A1 WO 2013069748A1
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- temperature measurement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
- B23K13/01—Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
- B23K13/02—Seam welding
- B23K13/025—Seam welding for tubes
Definitions
- ERW steel pipes are used in a wide range of fields such as oil or natural gas line pipes, oil well pipes, nuclear power, geothermal, chemical plant, machine structural pipes and general pipes.
- the present invention relates to an electric resistance welded pipe manufacturing facility in which a steel sheet is continuously formed into a cylindrical shape by a roll group while conveying steel sheets, and both ends in the circumferential direction converged into a V shape are heated and melted to butt each other (
- the present invention relates to an operation monitoring apparatus, method, program, and storage medium for monitoring high-frequency resistance welding, induction heating welding, and the like.
- the welded portion refers to a portion where, after the heated and melted steel materials are abutted, upset is applied by a squeeze roll and the molten portion begins to be discharged from the plate thickness to the steel material surface.
- the temperature is measured in a predetermined region around the butted portion at both ends in the circumferential direction of the steel plate by a radiation thermometer.
- a predetermined region is set wider and, for example, an average temperature in the region is measured.
- the low temperature region is included, so that the average temperature in the predetermined region is lower than the melting point of the steel material.
- the area of the low temperature region varies depending on the amount of heat input, the thickness of the plate, etc., it cannot be said that the temperature of the weld is accurately measured, and is not a proof of melting.
- the heating apparatus and method of the steel pipe material of patent document 1 are imaging devices, the thickness direction of a welding part, and the end surface of a steel plate.
- a two-dimensional luminance distribution in the longitudinal direction is collected as an image, and a luminance distribution image output from the imaging device is subjected to image processing to extract a butt surface.
- the temperature distribution in the thickness direction of the abutting surfaces is obtained by converting the luminance value into the temperature for each pixel, for example, by the radiation temperature measurement technique.
- the radiance of the steel sheet has direction dependency, and there is an angle at which the radiance increases, for example, as shown in FIG. In FIG. 19, ⁇ n represents the vertical emissivity, and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) represents the ⁇ direction emissivity.
- ⁇ n represents the vertical emissivity
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) represents the ⁇ direction emissivity.
- the steel material must be photographed from a low angle where the angle dependency of the radiance is large.
- the radiance strongly fluctuates with the relative position change of the imaging optical system with respect to the steel material. . Therefore, with this method, it is only possible to measure the relative distribution in the plate thickness direction from the captured luminance level, and it is difficult to measure the absolute temperature.
- Patent Document 2 the luminance distribution of a linear region that is predetermined as a monitoring region at a position 20 to 500 mm downstream from the welding point and that is substantially orthogonal to the welding line is obtained by photographing with a luminance sensor.
- An electric seam welded monitoring method for capturing and monitoring an image signal is disclosed.
- the weld has reached the melting temperature even if a minute welding defect can be detected. It is difficult to prevent the cold welding defect that determines. Since the measurement is performed at a position downstream from the welding point, an oxide film is locally formed on the surface layer, and the molten part is discharged from the inside of the accurate temperature plate thickness to the steel surface. The weld that is finally joined at the surface is not measured.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the temperature of the temperature measurement region including the welded portion where the steel material melted by the upset of the squeeze roll begins to be discharged from the inside of the plate thickness to the surface is stable in real time. It is an object of the present invention to perform melting proof that avoids welding conditions that may be unmelted by measuring with high accuracy. As a result, operation control such as setting to favorable welding conditions is possible, and therefore, the occurrence of defective portions due to unmelting can be suppressed.
- the belt is continuously formed into a cylindrical shape by a roll group while transporting a belt-shaped steel plate, and the circumference of the steel plate converges into a V-shape.
- An image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of a region including a V convergence portion, which is a portion where both ends in the circumferential direction converge in the V shape; and on the V shape based on the image acquired by the image acquisition unit
- An abutting point detecting unit for detecting an abutting point at both ends in the circumferential direction of the steel plate that converges, and a V converging point that is a geometric convergence point at both ends in the circumferential direction of the steel plate that converges in the V shape
- Any one of the V convergence point detectors for detecting the collision point; Based on one of the position of the collision point detected at the exit and the position of the V convergence point detected by the V convergence point detection unit, the molten portion inside the plate thickness of the steel sheet begins to be discharged to the surface
- a temperature measurement region setting unit for setting a temperature measurement region including a welded portion; a luminance level calculation unit for calculating a luminance level of the temperature measurement region set by the temperature measurement region setting unit; and a calculation performed by the luminance level calculation unit
- a temperature conversion unit that converts the luminance level of the temperature measurement region into a temperature of the temperature measurement region based on preset temperature conversion data; whether the temperature of the temperature measurement region is equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit value;
- a determination unit for determining whether or not.
- the temperature measurement region setting unit has a constant distance from the position of the collision point.
- the temperature measurement region may be set so as to include the welded portion, assuming that the welded portion is present only on the downstream side.
- the collision point detection unit when the collision point detection unit detects the collision point, the collision point detection unit applies the image acquired by the image acquisition unit to the image acquired by the image acquisition unit. Based on the image obtained by the image acquisition unit based on the image acquired by the image acquisition unit, the collision point of the circumferential direction of the steel plate that converges in the V shape is primarily detected. Is there a segmented region where the downstream end of the V convergence part is segmented on an extension of the bisector of the V convergence angle obtained by linearly approximating both ends in the circumferential direction and intersecting these approximate lines? If it is determined that there is no parting area, the first detected collision point is detected as the parting point, while if it is determined that the parting area exists, the most downstream point of the parting area May be detected as the collision point.
- the luminance level is higher than a predetermined value from the image acquired by the image acquisition unit.
- a temperature measurement region setting step for setting a temperature measurement region including a welded portion where the molten portion starts to be discharged to the surface; a luminance level calculation step for calculating the luminance level of the temperature measurement region set in the temperature measurement region setting step; A temperature conversion step of converting the luminance level of the temperature measurement region calculated in the luminance level calculation step into a temperature of the temperature measurement region based on preset temperature conversion data; and a temperature of the temperature measurement region is predetermined.
- a determination step for determining whether or not the lower limit value is greater than or equal to the lower limit value.
- the program according to the third aspect of the present invention is to heat and melt both ends in the circumferential direction of the steel sheet which is continuously formed into a cylindrical shape by a group of rolls while transporting the belt-shaped steel sheet and converges into a V shape.
- a program for monitoring the electro-welding welding operation to be made to match, and by photographing from at least one of the outer surface side and the inner surface side of the steel plate when formed into the cylindrical shape, the circumferential direction An image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of a region including a V convergence part, which is a part where both ends converge on the V shape; and the convergence on the V shape based on the image acquired by the image acquisition unit
- a collision point detector for detecting a collision point at both ends in the circumferential direction of the steel sheet, and a V convergence point that is a geometric convergence point at the both circumferential ends of the steel sheet that converges in the V shape.
- a temperature measurement region setting unit for setting a temperature measurement region including a welded portion; a luminance level calculation unit for calculating a luminance level of the temperature measurement region set by the temperature measurement region setting unit; and a calculation performed by the luminance level calculation unit
- a temperature conversion unit that converts the luminance level of the temperature measurement region into a temperature of the temperature measurement region based on preset temperature conversion data; whether the temperature of the temperature measurement region is equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit value; A determination unit for determining whether or not.
- a storage medium according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is a storage medium recording the program described in (6) above.
- the temperature measuring region can be set so as to include the welded portion where the molten steel material begins to be discharged from the inside of the plate thickness to the surface.
- the temperature can be measured stably and accurately in real time, and a melting proof that avoids welding conditions that may not be melted can be performed.
- operation control such as setting to favorable welding conditions is possible, and therefore, the occurrence of defective portions due to unmelting can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of the manufacturing equipment of an electric resistance welded pipe, and the operation monitoring apparatus of the electric resistance welding which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation monitoring method by the operation monitoring apparatus of the ERW welding which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the collision point detection process of the flowchart of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the picked-up image by an imaging device. It is a 1st figure for demonstrating the setting method of a 2 step
- FIG. 1 First, with reference to FIG. 1, the outline
- a belt-shaped steel sheet 1 is continuously formed into a cylindrical shape by a roll group (not shown) while being conveyed in a direction 3 (conveying direction).
- the impeder 6 is disposed inside the steel plate 1 formed into a cylindrical shape, and a high frequency current 5 is passed by a pair of contact tips 7 (high frequency resistance welding) or a dielectric coil (not shown) (induction heating welding) Add upset by squeeze roll 2.
- both the circumferential direction both ends 4 and 4 are made to heat-melt, converging, converging and converging the steel plate 1 (electric-welding welding). (ERW)).
- An imaging device 8 is disposed above the steel plate 1 and images a natural light pattern (radiation pattern) in a region including a V convergence portion that converges in a V shape on the outer surface of the steel plate 1 formed into a cylindrical shape.
- a 3CCD color camera with 1600 ⁇ 1200 pixels is used as the imaging device 8, the imaging field of view is 30 [mm] or more in width, the length is 50 to 100 [mm], the imaging resolution is 50 to 100 [ ⁇ m / pixel], Shooting is performed under conditions where the shooting rate is 30 [fps] or more and the exposure time is 1/5000 [sec] or less.
- the image data taken by the photographing device 8 is input to the operation monitoring device 100 for ERW welding. In addition, you may make it image
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an image captured by the imaging device 8.
- a light emitting region 41 in which a region having a high temperature along the both ends 4, 4 of the steel plate 1 is observed as self-light emission appears.
- a part of the region of both end portions 4 and 4 is melted to have a melting point or higher, and a wavy pattern that flows out in the plate width direction appears due to an electromagnetic pinch force.
- the image processing unit 102 performs image processing such as red component extraction processing and binarization processing on the image input to the input unit 101.
- the collision point detection unit 103 detects the collision point V 2 at which both ends 4 and 4 of the steel plate 1 converged in a V shape physically collide (contact) on the image processed by the image processing unit 102. .
- V convergence point V 1 As shown by broken lines in FIGS. 5A and 5B, there is a V convergence point V 1 at which both ends 4 and 4 of the steel sheet 1 converge in a V shape geometrically intersect.
- the both end portions 4,4 in V convergence point V 1 instead of abutting on the downstream side of the V convergence point V 1, both end portions 4, 4 of the steel plate 1 is physically abutted A two-stage convergence phenomenon in which there is an abutting point V 2 is observed.
- the distance L 1 between the V convergence point V 1 and the collision point V 2 varies depending on the heat input amount, and the distance L 1 becomes longer as the heat input amount increases, that is, the V convergence point. It has been confirmed that V 1 and the collision point V 2 tend to be separated.
- 5A and 5B illustrate the two-stage convergence phenomenon. As shown in FIG. 5A, when the amount of heat input is low, the V convergence point V 1 and the collision point V 2 are close. In this case, the melting at the center portion of the thickness t of the end portion 4 of the steel plate 1 is insufficient, and there is a possibility that unmelting occurs. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature measurement region setting unit 104 sets the temperature measurement region 52 based on the position of the collision point V 2 detected by the collision point detection unit 103.
- FIG. 5C As a result of intensive studies by the inventors of the present application, as shown in FIG. 5C, when the steel sheet 1 is melt-bonded while converging in a V shape, the geometrical phenomenon in the two-stage convergence phenomenon that explains the electric resistance welding phenomenon On the downstream side of the V convergence point V 1 that intersects theoretically, a phenomenon occurs in which the melted portion is melted from the plate edge portion by high-frequency heat melting, and the molten portion flows toward the surface by an electromagnetic pinch force. Both original plate edge portions should meet at a V convergence point V 1 that intersects geometrically as indicated by a thick line E1 in FIG. 5C.
- the surface of the welded part V 3 is found to be almost flat by experiments, and it is possible to accurately convert from luminance to temperature with respect to the direction dependency of the radiance of the steel plate as a conventional problem. It became clear that.
- the further downstream side of the weld zone V 3, and the process of plate thickness t inside of the molten portion after the end of welding is discharged to the surface is completed, it solidified portion V 4 the solidification of the surface begins, the plate surface of the welded portion V 3 It was confirmed that the unevenness was larger than that.
- the temperature measuring region setting unit 104 assuming that there is a weld V 3 from the position of the abutting point V 2 detected by the abutting point detection unit 103 at a constant distance L 2 only downstream, welds V 3
- the temperature measurement region 52 is set so as to include it.
- an elongated rectangular temperature measuring region 52 extending in the X direction is set starting from a position downstream from the position of the collision point V 2 by a distance L.
- the welded portion V 3 is positioned at the center in the longitudinal direction of 52.
- a plurality of the distances L may be prepared according to the plate thickness t of the steel plate 1 based on past knowledge and the like, and selected and set according to the operating conditions such as the plate thickness t of the steel plate 1. Good.
- the length and width of the temperature measuring region 52 are previously collected for each plate thickness t and set according to operating conditions such as the plate thickness t of the steel plate 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the width of the temperature measuring region 52 is 2 mm in consideration of the width of the light emitting region 41 and the like.
- the V convergence point V 1 can be used instead of the collision point V 2 in order to obtain the temperature measurement region 52.
- the inventors of the present application have confirmed that the distance between the V convergence point V 1 and the abutting point V 2 depends only on the amount of heat input if the plate thickness t and the tube diameter are constant. Since the amount of heat input can be measured from the voltage and current applied to the steel material, the distance between the V convergence point V 1 and the abutting point V 2 is measured by changing the amount of heat input in advance for each plate thickness t and tube diameter. If the distance L 2 between the contact point V 2 and the welded portion V 3 is added to the actually measured value, the same effect as the setting of the temperature measurement region 52 based on the contact point V 2 can be obtained.
- the luminance level calculation unit 105 calculates the average luminance level of the temperature measurement region 52 set by the temperature measurement region setting unit 104 based on the captured image data obtained by the imaging device 8. In the present embodiment, the average luminance level of the temperature measuring region 52 is calculated, but the maximum luminance level may be calculated.
- the temperature conversion unit 106 converts the average luminance level of the temperature measurement region 52 calculated by the luminance level calculation unit 105 into a temperature based on temperature conversion data that is preset calibration data.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of temperature conversion data.
- a standard blackbody furnace 9 and a standard radiation thermometer 10 capable of raising the temperature to near the melting point of steel (approximately 1500 ° C. depending on the steel type) are used.
- a photographing device 8 is installed in front of the standard blackbody furnace 9 according to actual photographing conditions (distance, aperture, shutter speed, camera gain, etc.), and the photographed image is taken while changing the temperature of the standard blackbody furnace 9. save. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the correlation curve between them is shown with the horizontal axis representing the radiation temperature measured at each temperature using the standard radiation thermometer 10 and the vertical axis representing the luminance level of the photographed image analyzed by the luminance analyzer 11.
- Draw. Compensation is performed between the measured temperatures by using the Planck radiation coefficient (offset and magnification) shown below.
- B ⁇ is the spectral radiance of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the black body
- ⁇ is the frequency
- T is the temperature
- h the Planck constant
- k is the Boltzmann constant
- c the speed of light.
- the brightness level is converted by adding the noise level of the camera to the product of the spectral radiance multiplied by the correction factor.
- the emissivity of the steel material is not 1
- the natural light pattern of the region including the V convergence portion of the actual steel plate 1 is photographed, the temperature measurement region is manually extracted, the luminance level is measured, and the molten steel material
- the correction coefficient By setting the correction coefficient to match the luminance level, it can be converted to an absolute temperature that takes into account the emissivity.
- a lab test in which a thermocouple is provided at the edge of the end 4 of the steel plate 1 for welding and temperature measurement has shown that the temperature does not rise above the melting point, as shown in FIG.
- the luminance level at the melting point it is only necessary to measure the luminance level after the temperature rise measured by the thermocouple, that is, the luminance level at the melting point, and determine the correction coefficient so as to match the luminance level. If it is found that the melting point has been reached reliably without providing a thermocouple, the luminance level can be measured and the correction coefficient can be determined so as to match the luminance level.
- the determination unit 107 determines whether or not the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 obtained by the temperature conversion unit 106 is equal to or higher than a lower limit value.
- This lower limit value is a threshold value for determining whether or not the heat input amount is sufficient, and when the temperature in the temperature measuring region 52 is lower than the lower limit value, it is determined that the heat input is insufficient.
- the output unit 108 displays, for example, images handled by the units 101 to 107 on a display device (not shown). Further, when the determination unit 107 determines that the heat input is insufficient, for example, an alarm is output.
- Photographing by the photographing device 8 is continuously performed at regular time intervals, and one photographed image is called a frame.
- the image processing unit 102 extracts a red component (wavelength 580 to 700 nm) from the image data in order to clarify the contrast. (Step S2).
- the image processing unit 102 binarizes (inverts) the image data from which the red component has been extracted in step S2 (step S3).
- “0” is assigned to a pixel whose luminance level is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold
- “1” is assigned to a pixel whose luminance level is less than a predetermined value.
- the threshold value at this time is set to be equal to or higher than the level of disturbance factors such as camera noise level and reflection from the top roll, and is adjusted within a range in which the shape of the melted part or the end of the steel material can be captured. For example, if the melted area is 160 levels with 255 gradations and the disturbance factor is 30 levels, about 40 levels are selected.
- FIG. 9A shows a schematic diagram illustrating a binarized image.
- the collision point detection unit 103 detects the collision point V 2 on the binarized image generated in step S3 (step S4).
- FIG. 3 shows a specific example of the collision point detection process in step S4.
- a labeling process for labeling each blob is performed (step S31), and it is determined whether or not a blob that matches a predetermined condition has been extracted (step S32).
- the blob is “1” which is one of four pixels on the upper, lower, left and right sides or four pixels in the oblique direction, which are adjacent to each other in the binarized image. Means individual areas.
- the labeling process is to extract specific blob by assigning the same label number to each blob, and position (maximum point and minimum point of X coordinate, maximum point and minimum point of Y coordinate) and width in the image. , The process of extracting the length, area, etc. is also performed. For example, in FIG. 9B, three blobs are labeled “1”, “2”, and “3”, respectively. If there is a blob that meets the predetermined condition in step S32, that blob (here, the label “ 2 ”) is extracted as a blob 91 of a V convergence portion, which is a portion where both ends 4 and 4 converge in a V shape (see FIG. 9C), and shape information such as coordinates and area is acquired.
- the predetermined area condition for example, a condition that the area (actual dimension) of the blob is 15 to 150 mm 2 and / or a condition that the actual dimension of the circumscribed rectangle is 25 to 320 mm 2 may be set.
- step S32 If a blob that matches the predetermined condition is extracted in step S32, as shown in FIG. 9C, the tip of the blob 91 at the extracted V convergence portion (ie, the most downstream point) is detected as the collision point V 2 (step S32). S33). If a blob that matches the predetermined condition is not extracted in step S32, an abnormal flag is set (step S34). For example, when the heat input is low, the blob at the V convergence portion is not extracted (see FIG. 10), and the process proceeds to step S34. Then, it is determined whether or not the abnormality flag is continuously raised for a predetermined number of frames (step S35). If the abnormality flag is continuously raised for a predetermined number of frames, an abnormality alarm is output (step S36). ).
- step S5 the temperature measuring region setting section 104, on the binarized image generated in step S3, as the starting point only the downstream location distance L from the position of the abutting point V 2 detected at step S4 Is set (step S5).
- the temperature measuring region 52 is set to an elongated rectangular shape having a length and a width that are set according to the operation conditions such as the thickness t of the steel plate 1.
- the temperature measurement region 52 may be simply an elongated rectangular shape extending in the X direction of the image, but in the process of transporting the steel sheet 1, the steel sheet 1 may swing or twist in the left and right directions in the transport direction.
- the X direction of the image and the actual conveying direction of the steel sheet 1 are deviated. Therefore, if the temperature measurement region 52 is simply an elongated rectangular shape extending in the X direction of the image, the rectangular temperature measurement region 52 may be obliquely displaced with respect to the actual conveyance direction of the steel plate 1.
- both ends 4 and 4 of the steel plate 1 are searched for in the blob 91 of the V convergence portion used when detecting the collision point V 2 .
- FIG. 9D in which FIG. 9C is enlarged, “1” to “Y” in the + Y direction and the ⁇ Y direction from the straight line S 1 passing through the most downstream point in the conveying direction of the blob 91 at the V convergence portion and parallel to the X direction of the image
- Each point that becomes “0” is searched, and the point is defined as an end 4 of the steel plate 1.
- the end portions 4 and 4 of the steel plate 1 are linearly approximated within this predetermined range, and as shown in FIG. 11B, on the extension line of the bisector S 2 of the V convergence angle formed by the intersection of these approximate straight lines.
- An elongated rectangular temperature measuring region 52 extending in the direction of the bisector S 2 is set. Thereby, the malfunction that the rectangular shaped temperature measurement area
- the predetermined range is not always “a range of 2/3 from the left end”, but is smaller when the position of the V convergence point V 1 moves to the upstream side in the transport direction depending on the operation conditions. It is preferable to set an appropriate value such as a value, for example, 1/2. Further, when searching for the end 4 of the steel plate 1, for example, a point that changes from “0” to “1” inward from the vertical position in the Y direction of the image shown in FIG. 9D may be searched. . However, it is known that the blob 91 at the V convergence portion appears in the vicinity of the center in the Y direction of the image, and the processing is wasted if the search is started from the uppermost position and the lowermost position of the image.
- the processing time is shortened by searching for points from “1” to “0” in the + Y direction and the ⁇ Y direction from the inside of the blob 91 at the V convergence portion. Also, when searching for a point that changes from “0” to “1” inward from the vertical position of the image, the Y-direction position of the wide portion (the left end of the image) of the blob 91 of the V-converged portion is obtained by the labeling process. Since it can be known, the processing time can be shortened by searching for a point that changes from “0” to “1” inward in the Y direction or in the vicinity thereof.
- the luminance level calculation unit 105 calculates the average luminance level of the temperature measuring region 52 set in step S5 based on the imaged image data obtained by the imaging device 8 (step S6).
- the temperature conversion unit 106 converts the average luminance level of the temperature measurement region 52 calculated in step S6 into a temperature based on preset temperature conversion data (see FIG. 6) (step S7).
- the determination unit 107 determines whether or not the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 obtained in step S7 is equal to or higher than a lower limit value (step S8). As a result, if the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is determined to be normal, and if the temperature is lower than the lower limit value, it is determined that the heat input is insufficient. When the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 falls below the lower limit value, the output unit 108 performs an abnormal output such as an alarm output (step S9).
- an abnormal output is generated. May be performed. Operation feedback control may be performed after abnormal output. As a result, the yield can be improved by increasing the amount of heat input and reducing defective portions.
- the temperature measurement region 52 as the temperature measurement region can be set so as to include the welded portion V 3 which is a point where discharge starts. Therefore, it is not necessary to set the temperature measurement region 52 wider than necessary, and the low temperature region can be prevented from being included. Further, since the temperature can be measured based on the image obtained by photographing the temperature measurement region 52 from above, and the welded portion V 3 is flat without unevenness as shown in FIG. 5B, the radiance of the steel plate is reduced. The influence of direction dependency can be reduced. Thereby, the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 can be measured stably and accurately in real time, and a melting proof that avoids welding conditions that may not be melted can be performed.
- FIGS. 12A, 12B, 12C, and 13 are schematic diagrams illustrating a binarized image of an image captured as if the downstream end of the V convergence portion was cut.
- the temperature measurement region 52 can be accurately set so as to include the welded portion V 3 even in the image captured as if the downstream end of the V convergence portion is divided in this way.
- a portion where the downstream end of the V convergence portion is divided on the image is referred to as a divided region 122.
- the collision point V 2 is not the apparent tip of the V convergence portion 121 but the top of the dividing region 122. Should be the downstream point.
- step S1 the image processing unit 102 extracts a red component (wavelength 580 to 700 nm) from the image data (step S2), and the red component is extracted.
- the extracted image data is binarized (inverted) (step S3).
- the collision point detection unit 103 performs primary detection on the binarized image generated in step S3 as the collision point V 2 ′ as the apparent tip of the V convergence portion 121 (that is, the most downstream point) (step S10). ).
- the collision point detection unit 103 on the binarized image generated in step S3, in the same manner as described in the first embodiment (see FIGS. 11A and 11B), the steel plate 1 within a predetermined range.
- the end portions 4 and 4 are linearly approximated, and the bisector S 2 of the V convergence angle formed by the intersection of these approximate straight lines is detected (step S11).
- step S12 whether there is a dividing region 122 on the extension of the bisector S 2, that is, whether the tip of the V convergence sites are separated. This is checked by whether e.g. aspect ratios along the bisector S 2 of V convergence angle is elongated blob in the conveying direction of 0.5 or less.
- step S12 If it is determined that there is the divisional region 122 in step S12, the process proceeds to step S13, after detecting the leading end of the divisional region 122 (i.e. the most downstream point) as abutment point V 2, the process proceeds to step S5. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S12 that there is no divided region 122, the collision point V 2 ′ detected first in step S10 is regarded as the collision point V 2 , and the process proceeds to step S5.
- the temperature measurement region setting unit 104 sets the temperature measurement region 52 starting from a position downstream by the distance L from the position of the collision point V 2 detected in step S10 or S13 (step S5). Then, the luminance level calculation unit 105 calculates the average luminance level of the temperature measuring region 52 (step S6), and the temperature conversion unit 106 converts the temperature into a temperature based on preset temperature conversion data (step S7).
- the determination unit 107 determines whether or not the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 obtained in step S7 is equal to or higher than a lower limit value (step S8). As a result, if the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is determined to be normal, and if the temperature is lower than the lower limit value, it is determined that the heat input is insufficient. When the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 falls below the lower limit value, the output unit 108 performs an abnormal output such as an alarm output (step S9). After performing abnormal output, feedback control in operation may be performed to increase the amount of heat input to reduce defective parts and improve yield.
- an abnormal output such as an alarm output
- FIGS. 14A to 17 a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 14A to 17.
- arcs and spatter are reflected, and the photographed image includes, for example, 1 of the welded portion.
- high luminance level regions 131 and 132 showing a luminance level higher than 5 times may appear.
- a linear region 133 having a brightness level higher than the actual temperature may appear along the end 4 of the steel plate 1 in the captured image. is there.
- the average brightness level of the temperature measurement region 52 becomes high, and the temperature measurement region The temperature of 52 cannot be measured accurately.
- the third embodiment it is possible to accurately measure the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 by excluding the high luminance regions 131 to 133 that are an obstacle to the temperature measurement.
- the operation monitoring device 200 for ERW welding according to the third embodiment is basically the same as the operation monitoring device 100 for ERW welding according to the first embodiment.
- a mask image generation unit 109 that generates a mask image for excluding the luminance level region is further provided.
- step S1 When image data is input from the imaging device 8 via the input unit 101 (step S1), the image processing unit 102 extracts a red component (wavelength 580 to 700 nm) from the image data (step S2), and the red component is extracted. The extracted image data is binarized (inverted) (step S3).
- the mask image generation unit 109 extracts a blue component (wavelength 400 to 500 nm) or a green component (wavelength 500 to 580 nm) from the image data input via the input unit 101 (step S14), and binarizes it.
- a mask image is set (step S15). By extracting the blue component (wavelength 400 to 500 nm) or the green component (wavelength 500 to 580 nm) in this way, only the high luminance level regions 131 to 133 can be extracted.
- FIG. 14B and FIG. 17 are schematic diagrams illustrating mask images.
- the collision point detection unit 103 detects the collision point V 2 on the binarized image generated in step S3 (step S4), and is downstream by a distance L from the position of the collision point V 2 detected in step S4.
- the temperature measurement region 52 is set starting from the position of (1).
- the luminance level calculation unit 105 calculates the average luminance level of the temperature measuring region 52 set in step S5 (step S6). At this time, if the temperature measurement region 52 set in step S5 includes the high luminance regions 131 to 133 appearing in the mask image generated in step S15, the high luminance regions 131 to 133 are excluded, Calculate the average luminance level in the remaining area.
- the temperature conversion unit 106 converts the average luminance level of the temperature measurement region 52 calculated in step S6 into a temperature based on preset temperature conversion data (see FIG. 6) (step S7).
- the determination unit 107 determines whether or not the temperature of the temperature measurement region 52 obtained in step S7 is equal to or higher than a lower limit value (step S8). As a result, if the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is determined to be normal, and if the temperature is lower than the lower limit value, it is determined that the heat input is insufficient. When the temperature of the temperature measuring region 52 falls below the lower limit value, the output unit 108 performs an abnormal output such as an alarm output (step S9). After performing abnormal output, feedback control in operation may be performed, and the yield may be improved by increasing the amount of heat input and reducing defective portions.
- the operation monitoring device for ERW welding according to the present invention can be specifically configured by a computer system including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and is realized by the CPU executing a program.
- the operation monitoring device for electric resistance welding according to the present invention may be composed of a single device or a plurality of devices.
- the object of the present invention can also be achieved by supplying a storage medium storing a program code of software that realizes the above-described operation monitoring function of ERW welding to a system or apparatus.
- the program code itself read from the storage medium realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments, and the program code itself and the storage medium storing the program code constitute the present invention.
- a storage medium for supplying the program code for example, a flexible disk, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-R, a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, a ROM, or the like can be used.
- the steel material melted by the upset of the squeeze roll is set to a temperature measuring region 52 including a welded portion that starts to be discharged from the inside of the plate thickness, and the temperature is measured.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the operating conditions are API (American Petroleum Institute) standard 5LX-65, size: outer diameter 406.4 mm ⁇ , plate thickness: 9.5 mm, welding speed: 19 mpm.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the measured temperature in the temperature measurement region 52.
- the amount of heat input was determined to be an appropriate amount of heat input based on past knowledge, but the amount of heat input was lowered from time t 1 to t 2 to make the heat input insufficient.
- the measured temperature in the temperature measuring region 52 changes near the melting point of the steel material after a predetermined time has passed since the start of heat input.
- the heat input was insufficient (time t 1 to t 2 )
- the measured temperature in the temperature measuring region 52 was lowered. From this, it can be seen that the measured temperature in the temperature measuring region 52 can be used as a melting proof that avoids welding conditions that may not be melted.
- the amount of heat input was determined to be an appropriate amount of heat input based on past knowledge, but the result was that it was unstable at temperatures near or below the melting point of the steel.
- This measurement region has not only large surface irregularities, but also an oxide film having a different emissivity on the surface layer as compared with the welded portion V 3 of the temperature measurement region 52. Seems to have become unstable. Accordingly, the temperature measurement result of the downstream coagulation part V 4 from the welding unit V 3, when the temperature measurement region is shifted downstream, variation of the temperature measurement value increases. In addition, it becomes difficult to distinguish between a location where welding abnormality has actually occurred and a location where welding has been performed normally. Thus, from the results of Examples and Comparative Examples, stable temperature measurement and melting proof are possible by measuring only in the region including the welded portion V 3 .
- the temperature measurement region can be set so as to include the welded portion where the molten steel material starts to be discharged from the inside of the plate thickness to the surface, the temperature of the welded portion is measured stably and accurately in real time.
- operation control such as setting to favorable welding conditions is possible, and therefore, the occurrence of defective portions due to unmelting can be suppressed.
- Luminance analyzer 41 Light-emitting area 52: Temperature measurement area 91: Blob 100: Operation monitoring device for ERW welding 101: Input section 102: Image processing section 103: Collision point detection section 104: Temperature measurement area setting section 105: Brightness level calculation section 106: Temperature Conversion unit 107: Determination unit 108: Output unit 109: Mask image generation unit 121: Apparent V convergence portion 122: Fragmented region 131: High luminance level region 132: High luminance level region 133: High luminance level region (linear region) ) 200: electric-resistance welding operation monitoring device L: distance between the abutment point V 2 and the temperature measuring region 52 L 1: the distance between the V convergence point V 1 and abutment point V 2 L 2:
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、電縫鋼管製造設備において、鋼板を搬送しながらロール群により連続的に円筒状に成形し、V字状に収束する周方向両端部を、加熱溶融させて突合わせる電縫溶接(高周波抵抗溶接や誘導加熱溶接等)を監視する操業監視装置、方法、プログラム、及び記憶媒体に関する。
本願は、2011年11月9日に、日本に出願された特願2011-245677号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1)本発明の第一の態様に係る電縫溶接操業の監視装置では、帯状の鋼板を搬送しながらロール群により連続的に円筒状に成形し、V字状に収束する前記鋼板の周方向両端部を加熱溶融させて突き合わせる電縫溶接操業の監視装置であって、前記円筒状に成形される際の前記鋼板の外表面側、及び内表面側の少なくとも一方より撮影することで、前記周方向両端部が前記V字状に収束する部位であるV収束部位を含む領域の画像を取得する画像取得部と;前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の衝合点を検出する衝合点検出部、及び、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の幾何学的な収束点であるV収束点を検出するV収束点検出部の何れか一方と;前記衝合点検出部で検出した前記衝合点の位置、及び前記V収束点検出部で検出した前記V収束点の位置の何れか一方に基づいて、前記鋼板の板厚内部の溶融部分が表面に排出され始める溶接部を含む測温領域を設定する測温領域設定部と;前記測温領域設定部で設定した前記測温領域の輝度レベルを計算する輝度レベル演算部と;前記輝度レベル演算部で計算した前記測温領域の前記輝度レベルを、予め設定された温度変換データに基づいて前記測温領域の温度に変換する温度変換部と;前記測温領域の温度が所定の下限値以上であるか否かを判定する判定部と;を備えている。
(第1の実施形態)
まず図1を参照して、電縫鋼管の製造設備の概要を説明する。図1に示すように、帯状の鋼板1を方向3(搬送方向)に向かって搬送しながら、ロール群(図示せず)により連続的に円筒状に成形する。そして、円筒状に成形される鋼板1の内部にインピーダー6を配置し、一対のコンタクトチップ7(高周波抵抗溶接)又は誘電コイル(図示せず)により(誘導加熱溶接)高周波電流5を流しつつ、スクイズロール2によりアップセットを加える。これにより、鋼板1の周方向両端部4、4(以下では単に端部ともいう)をV字状に収束させながら加熱溶融させて突合わせ、鋼板1を溶融接合することができる(電縫溶接(ERW))。
これにより、矩形状の測温領域52が実際の鋼板1の搬送方向に対して斜めにずれるという不具合を避けることができる。
次に、図12A、図12B、図12C、図13を参照して、第2の実施形態を説明する。円筒状に成形される鋼板1の外表面のV収束部位を含む領域の自然光パターンを撮影するときに、V収束部位の下流側先端で輝度レベルが下がりきらずに、V収束部位の下流側先端が分断されたかのように撮影されてしまうことがある。図12A、図12B、図12Cには、V収束部位の下流側先端が分断されたかのように撮影された画像の2値化画像を図示化した模式図を示す。
図13を参照して、第2の実施形態に係る電縫溶接の操業監視装置100による操業監視方法を詳細に説明する。第1の実施形態で説明した図2のフローチャートと同様の処理には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。撮影装置8から入力部101を介して画像データが入力されると(ステップS1)、画像処理部102はその画像データから赤色成分(波長580~700nm)を抽出し(ステップS2)、赤色成分を抽出した画像データを2値化処理(反転)する(ステップS3)。
次に、図14A~図17を参照して、第3の実施形態を説明する。円筒状に成形される鋼板1の外表面のV収束部位を含む領域の自然光パターンを撮影するときに、図14Aに示すように、アークやスパッタが写り込んで、撮影画像に例えば溶接部の1.5倍以上の高い輝度レベルを示す高輝度レベル領域131、132が現れることがある。また、鋼板の放射輝度の方向依存性に起因して(図19を参照)、撮影画像に鋼板1の端部4に沿うように実温よりも輝度レベルの高い線状領域133が現れることもある。これらアークやスパッタ、鋼板の放射輝度の方向依存性に起因する高輝度レベル領域131~133が測温領域52に含まれると、測温領域52の平均輝度レベルが高くなってしまい、測温領域52の温度を正確に測定できなくなってしまう。
本発明の効果を検証するために、スクイズロールのアップセットによって溶融した鋼材が、板厚内部から表面に排出され始める溶接部を含む測温領域52を設定し、その温度を測定した実施例の結果を図18に示す。操業条件は、API(American Petroleum Institute)規格 5LX-65、サイズ:外径406.4mmφ、板厚:9.5mm、溶接速度:19mpmである。横軸は時間、縦軸は測温領域52での測定温度を示す。入熱量は過去の知見から適正な入熱量としたが、時間t1~t2では入熱量を低くして入熱不足の状態とした。同図に示すように、適正な入熱量であれば、入熱開始から所定の時間を過ぎると、測温領域52での測定温度が鋼材の融点近くで推移した。そして、入熱不足になると(時間t1~t2)、測温領域52での測定温度が低くなった。このことから、測温領域52での測定温度を、未溶融の可能性がある溶接条件を回避する溶融証明として利用できることがわかる。
本発明の測温領域52より下流の、溶接終了後の板厚t内部の溶融部分が表面に排出される過程が完了し、表面の凝固が始まる凝固部V4の部位を測温領域として、その温度を測定した比較例の結果を図20に示す。この測温領域は溶接部V3から25mm程度下流側に設定してあり、特許文献2に記載の領域に該当する。操業条件は実施例と同様、API(American Petroleum Institute)規格 5LX-65、サイズ:外径406.4mmφ、板厚:9.5mm、溶接速度:19mpmである。横軸は時間、縦軸は測温領域での測定温度を示す。入熱量は過去の知見から適正な入熱量としたが、鋼材の融点近傍或いは融点未満の温度で不安定に推移する結果となった。この測定領域は、測温領域52の溶接部V3と比較して、表面の凹凸が大きいばかりでなく、表層に放射率の異なる酸化膜が局所的に発生していることから、温度測定値が不安定になったと考えられる。従って、溶接部V3より下流の凝固部V4の温度測定結果から、測温領域が下流にずれると、温度測定値の変動が大きくなる。そして、実際に溶接の異常があった個所と正常に溶接が行われた個所の区別が困難になる。このように実施例と比較例の結果から、溶接部V3を含む領域に限定して測定することで、安定した温度測定及び溶融証明は可能となる。
2:スクイズロール
3:方向
4:周方向両端部
5:高周波電流
6:インピーダー
7:コンタクトチップ
8:撮影装置
9:標準黒体炉
10:標準放射温度計
11:輝度解析機
41:発光領域
52:測温領域
91:ブロッブ
100:電縫溶接の操業監視装置
101:入力部
102:画像処理部
103:衝合点検出部
104:測温領域設定部
105:輝度レベル演算部
106:温度変換部
107:判定部
108:出力部
109:マスク画像生成部
121:見た目上のV収束部位
122:分断領域
131:高輝度レベル領域
132:高輝度レベル領域
133:高輝度レベル領域(線状領域)
200:電縫溶接の操業監視装置
L:衝合点V2と測温領域52との距離
L1:V収束点V1と衝合点V2との距離
L2:衝合点V2と溶接部V3との距離
E1:太線
E2:細線
S1:直線
S2:二等分線
t:板厚
V1:V収束点
V2:衝合点
V2´:衝合点
V3:板厚内部の溶融部分が表面に排出され始める溶接部
V4:板厚表面の凝固が始まる凝固部
Claims (7)
- 帯状の鋼板を搬送しながらロール群により連続的に円筒状に成形し、V字状に収束する前記鋼板の周方向両端部を加熱溶融させて突き合わせる電縫溶接操業の監視装置であって、
前記円筒状に成形される際の前記鋼板の外表面側、及び内表面側の少なくとも一方より撮影することで、前記周方向両端部が前記V字状に収束する部位であるV収束部位を含む領域の画像を取得する画像取得部と;
前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の衝合点を検出する衝合点検出部、及び、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の幾何学的な収束点であるV収束点を検出するV収束点検出部の何れか一方と;
前記衝合点検出部で検出した前記衝合点の位置、及び前記V収束点検出部で検出した前記V収束点の位置の何れか一方に基づいて、前記鋼板の板厚内部の溶融部分が表面に排出され始める溶接部を含む測温領域を設定する測温領域設定部と;
前記測温領域設定部で設定した前記測温領域の輝度レベルを計算する輝度レベル演算部と;
前記輝度レベル演算部で計算した前記測温領域の前記輝度レベルを、予め設定された温度変換データに基づいて前記測温領域の温度に変換する温度変換部と;
前記測温領域の温度が所定の下限値以上であるか否かを判定する判定部と;
を備えていることを特徴とする電縫溶接操業の監視装置。 - 前記衝合点検出部により前記衝合点を検出する場合、前記測温領域設定部は、前記衝合点の位置から一定の距離だけ下流側に、前記溶接部が有るとして、前記溶接部を含むように前記測温領域を設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電縫溶接操業の監視装置。
- 前記衝合点検出部により前記衝合点を検出する場合、前記衝合点検出部は、
前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の前記衝合点を一次検出し;
前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部を直線近似し、これら近似直線が交わってなすV収束角の二等分線の延長線上に、前記V収束部位の下流側先端が分断された部分である分断領域が有るか否かを判定し;
前記分断領域が無いと判定した場合は、一次検出した前記衝合点を前記衝合点として検出する一方、前記分断領域が有ると判定した場合は、前記分断領域の最下流点を前記衝合点として検出する;
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電縫溶接操業の監視装置。 - 前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像から、前記輝度レベルが所定値以上である高輝度レベル領域を除外するためのマスク画像を生成するマスク画像生成部を更に備えていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電縫溶接操業の監視装置。
- 帯状の鋼板を搬送しながらロール群により連続的に円筒状に成形し、V字状に収束する前記鋼板の周方向両端部を加熱溶融させて突き合わせる電縫溶接操業の監視方法であって、
前記円筒状に成形される際の前記鋼板の外表面側、及び内表面側の少なくとも一方より撮影することで、前記周方向両端部が前記V字状に収束する部位であるV収束部位を含む領域の画像を取得する画像取得ステップと;
前記画像取得ステップで取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の衝合点を検出する衝合点検出ステップ、及び、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の幾何学的な収束点であるV収束点を検出するV収束点検出ステップの何れか一方と;
前記衝合点検出ステップで検出した前記衝合点の位置、及び前記V収束点検出ステップで検出した前記V収束点の位置の何れか一方に基づいて、前記鋼板の板厚内部の溶融部分が表面に排出され始める溶接部を含む測温領域を設定する測温領域設定ステップと;
前記測温領域設定ステップで設定した前記測温領域の輝度レベルを計算する輝度レベル演算ステップと;
前記輝度レベル演算ステップで計算した前記測温領域の前記輝度レベルを、予め設定された温度変換データに基づいて前記測温領域の温度に変換する温度変換ステップと;
前記測温領域の温度が所定の下限値以上であるか否かを判定する判定ステップと;
を有することを特徴とする電縫溶接操業の監視方法。 - 帯状の鋼板を搬送しながらロール群により連続的に円筒状に成形し、V字状に収束する前記鋼板の周方向両端部を加熱溶融させて突き合わせる電縫溶接操業を監視するためのプログラムであって、
前記円筒状に成形される際の前記鋼板の外表面側、及び内表面側の少なくとも一方より撮影することで、前記周方向両端部が前記V字状に収束する部位であるV収束部位を含む領域の画像を取得する画像取得部と;
前記画像取得部で取得した前記画像に基づいて、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の衝合点を検出する衝合点検出部、及び、前記V字状に収束する前記鋼板の前記周方向両端部の幾何学的な収束点であるV収束点を検出するV収束点検出部の何れか一方と;
前記衝合点検出部で検出した前記衝合点の位置、及び前記V収束点検出部で検出した前記V収束点の位置の何れか一方に基づいて、前記鋼板の板厚内部の溶融部分が表面に排出され始める溶接部を含む測温領域を設定する測温領域設定部と;
前記測温領域設定部で設定した前記測温領域の輝度レベルを計算する輝度レベル演算部と;
前記輝度レベル演算部で計算した前記測温領域の前記輝度レベルを、予め設定された温度変換データに基づいて前記測温領域の温度に変換する温度変換部と;
前記測温領域の温度が所定の下限値以上であるか否かを判定する判定部と;
を備えていることを特徴とするプログラム。 - 請求項6に記載のプログラムを記録したことを特徴とする記憶媒体。
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EP12848382.3A EP2777859B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2012-11-08 | Monitoring device, method, and program for seam welding, and storage medium |
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EP2777859A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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JP5549963B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
BR112014010961A2 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
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