WO2013057897A1 - 振動発電器、回転体および通信装置 - Google Patents
振動発電器、回転体および通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013057897A1 WO2013057897A1 PCT/JP2012/006445 JP2012006445W WO2013057897A1 WO 2013057897 A1 WO2013057897 A1 WO 2013057897A1 JP 2012006445 W JP2012006445 W JP 2012006445W WO 2013057897 A1 WO2013057897 A1 WO 2013057897A1
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- vibration
- power generator
- vibration power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/06—Influence generators
- H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
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- the present invention relates to a vibration power generator suitable for being fixedly installed on a rotating body, a rotating body using the same, and a communication device using the same.
- Patent Document 1 a power generator installed in a rotating body is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 12 is described in Patent Document 1 (see FIGS. 4 and 0021 to 0022) of an example of a power generator when the power generator is used by being fixedly disposed on a wheel (rotary body). It is the figure which showed the example of arrangement
- Patent Document 1 as a power generator installed on a rotating body, a fixed part having a substantially arc-shaped moving path and a movable part along the moving path are arranged, and power is generated by movement with respect to the fixed part.
- a power generation apparatus including a movable part configured to be performed, wherein a radius of curvature of the moving path is smaller than a radius of curvature of the rotating body.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the power generation device 50 described in Patent Document 1 (see FIG. 2 and stages 0012 to 0020 of the same document).
- the power generation device 50 has an internal space, and a fixed portion 1 as a housing in which an upper surface and a lower surface of the internal space facing each other are formed in a substantially arc shape, and a movable portion 2 movable with respect to the fixed portion 1 It has.
- a first power generation unit 10 and a second power generation unit 20 are configured inside the fixed unit 1.
- the fixed portion 1 is provided with a substantially arc-shaped fixed substrate 1a along the upper and lower surfaces of the internal space.
- a current collecting electrode 3 composed of a current collecting portion 3a and a connecting portion 3b and a current collecting electrode 4 composed of a current collecting portion 4a and a connecting portion 4b are formed.
- the current collecting electrode 3 and the current collecting electrode 4 are arranged such that the current collecting unit 3a and the current collecting unit 4a are adjacent to each other with a predetermined distance therebetween.
- the connecting portions 3b and 4b connect the collecting electrodes 3a and the collecting electrodes 4a, respectively. Further, the connecting portion 3 b of the collecting electrode 3 and the connecting portion 4 b of the collecting electrode 4 are connected via a load 5, respectively.
- the movable portion 2 includes a weight 2a having an upper surface and a lower surface formed in a substantially arc shape so as to follow the arc shape of the fixed portion 1.
- the weight 2a is provided with a movable substrate 2b formed along an arc shape and movable along with the weight 2a on the upper and lower surfaces.
- a silicon oxide film 2c is formed on the surface of each movable substrate 2b.
- a guard electrode 2d is formed on the surface of the silicon oxide film 2c at a predetermined interval.
- An electret 2e formed by injecting charges is provided in a region between the guard electrodes 2d of the silicon oxide film 2c.
- the electret 2e has a function of holding a constant charge semipermanently.
- the guard electrode 2d is grounded.
- the electrets 2e and the collecting electrodes 3 and 4 are opposed to each other. It moves relatively in the shape of a substantially arc while maintaining This movement causes an increase or decrease in the overlapping area between the electret material region and the opposing conductive surface region, resulting in a change in charge in the conductive surface region.
- the power generation device (electrostatic induction type power generation device) 10 generates power by taking out this change in electric charge as electric energy.
- the present invention provides, in one aspect, a vibration power generator that stabilizes output power at both low speed and high speed without depending greatly on the rotational speed of a rotating body.
- the present invention provides a rotating body having a vibration power generation device including the vibration power generator.
- the present invention provides a communication device configured to be supplied with electric power generated from the rotating body.
- the first The vibration generator is a vibration generator smaller than the second distance.
- the influence on the output power due to the rotational speed of the rotating body is small, and the output power can be obtained stably.
- Block diagram showing a vibration power generator according to Embodiment 6 The block diagram which shows the communication apparatus using the vibration electric power generating apparatus based on Embodiment 7.
- the conventional power generation device disclosed in Patent Document 1 determines the power generation amount based on the rotational acceleration, so that the power generation amount when the rotating body is rotating at a low speed is small, and It has been found that there is a problem that the amount of power generation is limited due to an increase in sliding resistance due to the change in the magnitude of the centrifugal force. Therefore, as a result of earnest research, the present inventors have configured the rotating body so that power generation by the vibration power generator is performed by axial vibration in which the change in vibration is small relative to the change in rotational speed. It was found that the output can be given stably regardless. Furthermore, such a rotating body can be designed so that the usable frequency range is wide. The present inventors have obtained the following aspects of the present invention based on these findings.
- Aspect 1 A first fixed substrate; A second fixed substrate disposed to face the first fixed substrate; With respect to the first and second fixed substrates disposed between the first fixed substrate and the second fixed substrate so as to face the first and second fixed substrates.
- the first The vibration generator is a vibration generator smaller than the second distance.
- Aspect 1 is a vibration power generator suitable for being attached to a rotating body, and can generate power by axial vibration in which the change in vibration is small relative to the change in rotational speed.
- the movable substrate since the movable substrate does not come into contact with other members, there is no problem of change in sliding resistance due to centrifugal force during rotation.
- Aspect 2 A plurality of third electrodes formed on a surface of the first fixed substrate facing the movable substrate; A plurality of fourth electrodes formed on a surface of the movable substrate facing the first fixed substrate;
- One of the third electrode and the fourth electrode is the vibration power generator according to aspect 1, which is an electrode having a film holding electric charge. According to the vibration power generator of the aspect 2, the output can be further stabilized by suppressing the fluctuation of the output power due to the centrifugal force.
- Aspect 3 The direction in which the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are aligned is a direction parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate vibrates,
- the first electrodes are arranged so that the distances D1 between the centers of two adjacent first electrodes are equal to each other, being parallel to each other.
- the second electrodes are arranged so that they are parallel to each other and the distance D2 between the centers of two adjacent second electrodes is equal.
- the third electrodes are arranged so that the distances D3 between the centers of two adjacent third electrodes are equal to each other in parallel with each other,
- the fourth electrodes are arranged so that the distances D4 between the centers of two adjacent fourth electrodes are equal to each other in parallel with each other,
- Aspect 4 The first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode have a rectangular shape when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first substrate;
- the direction in which the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are aligned is a direction parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate vibrates,
- Aspect 5 A fixed structure connecting the first fixed substrate and the second fixed substrate; A spring connected to the fixed structure and the movable substrate; The movable substrate is held hollow by the spring,
- the vibration power generator of aspect 5 when the vibration in the rotation axis direction of the rotating body acts, the movable substrate is vibrated even with a small acceleration, and the displacement of the movable substrate is suppressed even when a large acceleration is applied in the centrifugal force direction. It can be made smaller. As a result, the vibration power generator of aspect 5 can operate stably by vibration during rotation regardless of the rotational speed of the rotating body.
- Aspect 6 Any one of the vibration generators according to aspects 1 to 5; A circuit for converting an alternating current output voltage from the vibration power generator and outputting a direct current voltage; And a vibration power generator.
- Aspect 7 is the vibration power generation apparatus according to aspect 6 further including a battery.
- Aspect 8 is a rotating body having a vibration power generator,
- the vibration power generator includes a vibration power generator, and a circuit that converts an alternating current output voltage from the vibration power generator and outputs a direct current voltage,
- the vibration generator is A first fixed substrate;
- a second fixed substrate disposed to face the first fixed substrate;
- a movable substrate that can vibrate A plurality of first electrodes formed on a surface of the second fixed substrate facing the movable substrate; A plurality of second electrodes formed on a surface of the movable substrate facing the second fixed substrate; Either one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an electrode having a film holding electric charge,
- the first fixed substrate, the second fixed substrate, and the movable substrate are arranged perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating body,
- the vibration power generator is fixed to the rotating body such that the first fixed substrate is positioned on the rotating shaft side of the rotating body. It is a rotating body.
- the rotating body according to aspect 8 is a rotating body in which the vibration power generator according to aspect 1 is fixed so that the first fixed substrate is positioned in a predetermined manner.
- the vibration generator is A plurality of third electrodes formed on a surface of the first fixed substrate facing the movable substrate; A plurality of fourth electrodes formed on a surface of the movable substrate facing the first fixed substrate; One of the third electrode and the fourth electrode is the rotating body according to aspect 8, which is an electrode having a film holding electric charge.
- the vibration power generator in the rotating body according to aspect 9 is the vibration power generator according to aspect 2.
- Aspect 10 In the vibration power generator, The direction in which the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are aligned is a direction parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate vibrates, The first electrodes are arranged so that the distances D1 between the centers of two adjacent first electrodes are equal to each other, being parallel to each other. The second electrodes are arranged so that they are parallel to each other and the distance D2 between the centers of two adjacent second electrodes is equal.
- the third electrodes are arranged so that the distances D3 between the centers of two adjacent third electrodes are equal to each other in parallel with each other,
- the fourth electrodes are arranged so that the distances D4 between the centers of two adjacent fourth electrodes are equal to each other in parallel with each other,
- the vibration power generator in the rotating body according to aspect 10 is the vibration power generator according to aspect 3.
- the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode have a rectangular shape when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first substrate;
- the direction in which the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode are aligned is a direction parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate vibrates,
- the vibration power generator in the rotating body according to aspect 11 is the vibration power generator according to aspect 4.
- Aspect 12 The vibration generator is A fixed structure connecting the first fixed substrate and the second fixed substrate; A spring connected to the fixed structure and the movable substrate; The movable substrate is held hollow by the spring, The spring is a spring whose dimension in the vibration direction of the movable substrate is smaller than the dimension in the radial direction of the rotating body.
- the vibration power generator in the rotating body according to aspect 12 is the vibration power generator according to aspect 5.
- Aspect 13 The vibration power generator A first rectifier circuit connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the vibration power generator; Having at least a second rectifier circuit connected to the third electrode and the fourth electrode of the vibration power generator; The rotating body according to any one of aspects 9 to 11, wherein the voltage of one of the first rectifier circuit and the second rectifier circuit is supplied to a load.
- Aspect 14 The vibration power generator A voltage conversion circuit that converts the DC voltage output from the rectifier circuit to a desired voltage level; When the output from the vibration power generator is unnecessary, a power storage circuit that stores the power generated by the vibration power generator, A voltage control circuit for controlling an output voltage from the voltage conversion circuit or the storage circuit to a predetermined voltage; It is a rotary body of the aspect 8 which has an output switching circuit which switches the output of the said voltage conversion circuit to an electrical storage circuit or a voltage control circuit.
- Aspect 15 is the rotating body according to any one of aspects 8 to 14, which is a rotating body for a vehicle.
- Aspect 16 is a communication apparatus having the vibration power generation apparatus of aspect 6 or 7.
- Aspect 17 is an electronic apparatus having the vibration power generation device of aspect 6 or 7.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a rotating body 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 2a to 2d are frequency spectra of acceleration when a tire for a passenger car, which is an example of a rotating body, is rotating
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are tangent lines when the tire is rotating at a low speed and a high speed.
- Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d are spectra of axial vibration when the tire is rotating at low speed and high speed.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the vibration power generator 110 of FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a spring of the vibration power generator 110.
- the wiring structure and the like are not shown for simplicity.
- Rotating body 100 having a vibration power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 has a configuration in which vibration power generation apparatus 102 is installed on rotation body 101.
- the vibration power generation apparatus 102 includes a vibration power generator 110 and a circuit 103.
- the rotating body 101 is a member (for example, an automobile tire) that rotates around a rotation axis, and can also be referred to as a “rotating body” or a “rotating member”.
- the vibration power generator 102 rotates together with the rotating body 101.
- vibration in the axial direction of the rotating body 101 is applied to the vibration power generator 110 as external vibration, which is converted into electric energy. Convert to generate electricity.
- the generated electric power is rectified by the circuit 103 and further used for load operation (for example, data transmission, LED lighting operation).
- FIGS. 2a to 2d show the frequency spectrum of acceleration of tangential vibration of a tire of a passenger car as a rotating body
- FIGS. 2c and 2d show the frequency spectrum of acceleration of axial vibration of the tire.
- the vehicle is driven with two traveling patterns of speed A and speed B for each of the tangential vibration and the axial vibration, and the tire is rotated to obtain the respective speeds.
- the spectrum is shown.
- Speed A is slower than speed B.
- FIGS. 2a to 2d Accelerations are shown on the same scale in FIGS. 2a to 2d. Therefore, in FIG. 2b, although the peak is not visible, the spectrum peak appears at the frequency indicated by the arrow in FIG. 2b. From these figures, it is understood that, in the tire vibration spectrum in the tangential direction, the peak of vibration shifts to the higher frequency side when the speed of the automobile increases. This is because the rotational speed of the tire is increased. Moreover, this frequency corresponds with the rotational speed of the tire. 2a to 2d, the horizontal axis corresponds to frequencies from 0 to several hundred Hz, and the frequency indicated by the arrow in FIG. 2b is about three times the frequency at which the peak appears in FIG. 2a.
- the magnitude of vibration changes when the tire speed changes, but the remarkable peak as seen in the frequency spectrum of tangential vibration is low speed. And no high speed operation. Also, the magnitude of the vibration in the axial direction is smaller than the magnitude of the vibration in the tangential direction.
- the rotating body described in the present embodiment includes a vibration power generator that generates power by vibration in the axial direction in which the change in vibration is small with respect to the change in rotation speed as described above.
- the vibration level increases with the rotational speed, but the peak value does not shift significantly, and the acceleration peak value and the magnitude of acceleration at other frequencies are substantially the same. From the above, it is possible to provide a rotator that stably provides an output regardless of the rotation speed of the rotator.
- the vibration in the tangential direction is such that the frequency at which the acceleration reaches a peak changes as the rotational speed of the rotating body increases, and the vibration power generation resonates at the frequency at which the acceleration reaches a peak. If the design of the vessel is performed, the output drops rapidly at other frequencies.
- a vibration power generator designed to resonate at the smallest frequency using acceleration in the tangential direction when the rotation speed of the rotating body changes and the acceleration peaks, the applied vibration (acceleration) is It will be 10 times larger than the design value.
- an applicable frequency range is a range from a frequency that is ⁇ 10% lower than a resonance frequency to a frequency that is 10% higher (0.9 ⁇ resonance frequency ⁇ 1. 1 ⁇ resonance frequency).
- the expansion of the applicable frequency range and the amount of power generation due to vibration are in a trade-off relationship, and cannot cope with a frequency change of three times.
- a vibration power generator that uses the tangential vibration of a rotating body must be used in a region where the change in acceleration is small, taking into account that the peak shifts when the rotating speed of the rotating body changes. It means you have to.
- the vibration power generator that generates power by the axial vibration of the rotating body as in the present embodiment, the frequency at which the acceleration reaches the peak (or the maximum value) and the other frequencies regardless of the speed of the rotating body.
- the difference in acceleration is small, at most about 3 times. Therefore, the acceleration does not differ by a factor of 10 at a certain frequency and at a different frequency, so that the increase in size as described above is not required when designing a vibration power generator.
- the vibration power generator using the vibration in the axial direction of the rotating body can be designed so that the usable frequency range is wide compared with that using the vibration in the tangential direction.
- the vibration power generator 110 includes a fixed substrate 111L as a first fixed substrate, a fixed substrate 111U as a second fixed substrate, and a movable substrate 112 disposed between the fixed substrates 111L and 111U.
- the fixed substrates 111L and 111U and the movable substrate 112 are all disposed perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating body, and therefore their surfaces (main surfaces) are perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating body.
- the fixed structures 116L and 116R are supported on the fixed substrate 111L via the connection portion, and the fixed substrate 111U is supported via the connection portion. That is, the two fixed substrates 111L and 111U are connected via the fixed structures 116L and 116R.
- the movable substrate 112 is held hollow by the springs 115L and 115R connected to the fixed structures 116L and 116R.
- the surfaces (main surfaces) of the fixed substrates 111L and 111U and the movable substrate 112 all have a substantially square shape and are parallel to each other.
- the fixed substrate 111L is disposed closer to the rotation axis of the rotating body (that is, the rotation center of the rotating body) than the fixed substrate 111U.
- a plurality of first electrodes 119a are formed on one surface of the fixed substrate 111U (the main surface below the fixed substrate 111U in FIG. 3), and the surface of the movable substrate 112 facing the fixed substrate 111U (in FIG. 3)
- a plurality of second electrodes 119b are formed at positions facing the first electrodes 119a, respectively.
- one of the first electrode 119a and the second electrode 119b is an electret electrode including a film holding electric charge, and the other is a collector electrode.
- Each of the first electrode 119a and the second electrode 119b has a rectangular shape when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the fixed substrates 111L and 111U, and has substantially the same dimensions.
- the plurality of first electrodes 119a and the plurality of second electrodes 119b are arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate 112 vibrates (the direction indicated by the double-headed arrow in the drawing).
- the distance between the fixed substrate 111U and the movable substrate 112 (gap, more precisely, the distance between the surface of the first electrode 119a and the surface of the second electrode 119b) is applied during the rotation of the rotating body.
- the movable substrate 112 is designed to be held hollow even when the movable substrate 112 is displaced by the centrifugal force toward the fixed substrate 111U (in a direction away from the rotation center of the rotating body) as shown in FIG. 3B.
- the gap G1 formed by the fixed substrate 111L and the movable substrate 112 may be smaller than the gap G2 formed by the fixed substrate 111U and the movable substrate 112. Thereby, the vibration power generator 110 can be made thinner.
- the movable substrate 112 is displaced by an action (vibration) from the outside. Thereafter, the movable substrate 112 receives a force in a direction to return to a desired position by the repulsive force of the springs 115L and 115R, and is displaced in a direction to return to a predetermined position. The repetition of these displacements causes the movable substrate 112 to vibrate in the uniaxial direction with respect to the fixed substrates 111L and 111U. The movable substrate 112 continues to vibrate as long as the action from the outside continues. When the external action stops, the vibration is attenuated and the movable substrate 112 stops.
- the vibration power generator 110 When the movable substrate 112 is displaced, the overlapping area of the first electrode 119a and the second electrode 119b changes, and the charge induced in one electrode (an electrode that is not an electret electrode, that is, a collector electrode) The amount changes.
- the vibration power generator 110 generates power by outputting the change in the charge amount as AC power.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a spring structure that can hold the movable substrate in a hollow state and can reduce the amount of displacement of the movable substrate in the radial direction of the rotating body when a centrifugal force is applied.
- the dimension (thickness) of the spring in the direction in which the centrifugal force is applied is larger than the dimension (width) of the spring in the vibration direction of the movable substrate 112.
- a large aspect ratio dimension in the direction of centrifugal force / dimension in the vibration direction).
- the displacement of the movable substrate 112 is suppressed in the direction in which the centrifugal force is applied, and the movable substrate 112 is forcibly vibrated in the rotation axis direction of the rotating body to generate power. It can be performed.
- the movable substrate 112 is held hollow by the springs 115R and L as described above. For this reason, there is no sliding portion, there is no problem of a change in sliding resistance due to centrifugal force, and power can be stably output.
- the springs 115R and L are formed to have a structure with a high aspect ratio (specifically, greater than 1) of dimensions in the centrifugal force direction / dimensions in the vibration direction. Therefore, it is possible to vibrate the movable substrate 112 even with a small acceleration when vibration in the rotation axis direction of the rotating body acts, and to reduce the displacement of the movable substrate 112 even when a large acceleration is applied in the centrifugal force direction. Thereby, the movable substrate 112 can be vibrated in a predetermined direction even under centrifugal force. As a result, the vibration power generator 110 can operate stably by vibration during rotation regardless of the rotational speed of the rotating body. Thus, the vibration power generator 110 is useful as a power generator fixedly installed on the rotating body.
- the electret material constituting the electret electrode a polymer material such as polypropylene, polyester terephthalate, or polyvinyl chloride, or an inorganic material such as silicon oxide can be used.
- silicon oxide excellent in withstand voltage and heat resistance may be used.
- the periphery of silicon oxide that is a charge retention film may be completely covered with an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film.
- an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film.
- the rotating body of the present embodiment is configured by installing a vibration power generator on the rotating body. Therefore, for example, when the vibration power generator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body, the vibration power generating device can be a member protruding from the outer peripheral surface. Since the member protruding from the outer peripheral surface may hinder smooth rotation of the rotating body, the vibration power generation apparatus may be installed with the protruding amount appropriately reduced. The same applies to the case where the vibration power generator is attached to another part of the rotating body. Since the vibration power generator provided in the rotating body of the present embodiment is thin, it is advantageous in that the amount of protrusion can be reduced.
- the vibration power generation apparatus 102 has been shown as an example having a size that does not exceed the width of the rotating body 101. In a modification of the present embodiment or other embodiments, when it is necessary to obtain high output power from the vibration power generation apparatus 102, the vibration power generation apparatus 102 has a size exceeding the width of the rotating body 101. May be.
- the first electrode 119a extends to a region beyond the second electrode 119b (outside the second electrode 119b). Up to). That is, when all of the second electrodes 119b completely overlap with the first electrode 119a when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the surface (main surface) of the fixed substrate 111U, the second electrode 119b does not overlap. The first electrode 119a is always present. This is because the second electrode 119b contributes as much as possible to the power generation so that more power is supplied.
- the first electrode 119a may be formed up to the vibration limit of the movable substrate 112 (particularly, the first electrode 119a) (a range that can be displaced by vibration). Thereby, while the movable substrate 112 is vibrating, all of the second electrodes 119b can contribute to power generation. Accordingly, since the number of the overlapping first electrodes 119a and second electrodes 119b does not increase or decrease during the vibration of the movable substrate 112, power generation is further stabilized.
- the shape of the surface (main surface) of the movable substrate 112 is not limited to a square, and may be a rectangle or another shape.
- Embodiment 2 As a second embodiment, another vibration power generator that can be installed on a rotating body will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the vibration power generator 210 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 5, the wiring structure and the like are not shown for simplicity.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the vibration power generator mounted on the vibration power generation apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is also a cross-sectional view taken along A-A ′ of FIG. 1 and shows a cross section parallel to the vibration direction and the thickness direction of the movable substrate.
- the vibration power generator 210 shown in FIG. 5 includes a fixed substrate 211L as a first fixed substrate, a fixed substrate 211U as a second fixed substrate, and a movable substrate 212, similar to that of FIG.
- All of the fixed substrates 211L and 211U and the movable substrate 212 are arranged perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating body, and therefore their surfaces (main surfaces) are perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotating body.
- the fixed structures 216L and 216R are supported on the fixed substrate 211L via the connection portion, and the fixed substrate 211U is further supported via the connection portion. That is, the two fixed substrates 211L and 211U are connected via the fixed structures 216L and 216R.
- the movable substrate 212 is held hollow by the springs 215L and 215R connected to the fixed structures 216L and 216R.
- the surfaces (main surfaces) of the fixed substrates 211L and 211U and the movable substrate 212 all have a substantially square shape and are parallel to each other.
- the fixed substrate 211L is disposed closer to the rotating shaft of the rotating body (that is, the rotation center of the rotating body) than the fixed substrate 211U.
- a plurality of first electrodes 219aU are formed on one surface of the fixed substrate 211U (the main surface below the fixed substrate 211U in FIG. 5), and the surface of the movable substrate 212 facing the fixed substrate 211U (in FIG. 5)
- On the upper main surface a plurality of second electrodes 219bU are formed at positions facing the first electrodes 219aU, respectively.
- one of the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU is an electret electrode including a film holding electric charge, and the other is a collector electrode.
- a plurality of third electrodes 219aL are formed on one surface of the fixed substrate 211L (in FIG. 5, the main surface on the upper side of the fixed substrate 211L), and the surface of the movable substrate 212 facing the fixed substrate 211L (FIG. 5).
- a plurality of fourth electrodes 219bL are formed at positions facing the third electrode 219aL.
- one of the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL is an electret electrode including a film holding electric charge, and the other is a collector electrode.
- Each of the first electrode 219aU, the second electrode 219bU, the third electrode 219aL, and the fourth electrode 219bL has a rectangular shape when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the fixed substrates 211L and 211U. And have substantially the same dimensions.
- the plurality of first electrodes 219aU, the plurality of second electrodes 219bU, the plurality of third electrodes 219aL, and the plurality of fourth electrodes 219bL are parallel to the direction in which the movable substrate 212 vibrates (in the drawing, In the direction indicated by the double arrows).
- the distance between the fixed substrate 211U and the movable substrate 212 is such that the movable substrate 112 is held hollow even when the movable substrate 212 is displaced toward the fixed substrate 211U due to the centrifugal force applied during the rotation of the rotating body. Designed. By forming the gap in this way, it is possible to avoid contact between the fixed substrate 211U and the movable substrate 212 due to centrifugal force.
- the gap GA formed by the fixed substrate 211L and the movable substrate 212 is smaller than the gap GB formed by the fixed substrate 211U and the movable substrate 212.
- the gap GA formed by the fixed substrate 211L and the movable substrate 212 is smaller than the gap GB formed by the fixed substrate 211U and the movable substrate 212.
- the principle of power generation in the vibration power generator structure 210 is the same as that of the vibration power generator 110 shown in the first embodiment. However, power generation is performed above and below the movable substrate 212, that is, between the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU, and between the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL.
- power generation is mainly performed between the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL having a small gap when the rotational speed of the rotating body is slow and the centrifugal force is small (power generation A).
- power generation B power generation is mainly performed between the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU (power generation B). Therefore, according to the vibration power generator 210 used in the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained when power is generated by vibration when the rotating body rotates.
- the power generation amount can be further stabilized. (5) will be described in detail.
- the gap (gap GA) between the fixed substrate 211L and the movable substrate 212 and the gap (gap GB) between the fixed substrate 211U and the movable substrate 212 are gap GA ⁇ gap GB. It is comprised so that.
- the power generation A is larger than the power generation B in the region where the rotation speed is low.
- the gap GA increases and the power generation A decreases, and the power generation B increases as the gap GB decreases.
- the power generation B becomes larger than the power generation A.
- the first electrode 219aU is formed up to a region beyond the second electrode 219bU in the vibration direction of the movable substrate 212 (outward from the second electrode 219bU). ing.
- the first electrode 219aU may be formed up to the vibration limit of the movable substrate 212 (particularly the second electrode 219bU) (a range that can be displaced by vibration). The same applies to the relationship between the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL.
- the shape of the surface (main surface) of the movable substrate 212 is not limited to a square, and may be a rectangle or other shapes.
- the springs 215L and R have a structure with a high aspect ratio shown in FIG.
- the springs 215L and R may be other springs. Even when other springs are used, the effect of the vibration power generator having the configuration shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (FIG. 6A) showing the structure of the vibration power generator 310 according to the third embodiment, and shows a state in which a part of the movable substrate 312 is tilted and displaced toward the rotating shaft side of the rotating body. It is sectional drawing (FIG.6 (b)). In FIG. 6, the wiring structure and the like are not shown for simplicity.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the vibration power generator mounted on the vibration power generation apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is also a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 1, and shows a cross section parallel to the vibration direction and the thickness direction of the movable substrate 312.
- the vibration power generator 310 shown in FIG. 6 has substantially the same configuration as the vibration power generator 210 shown in FIG. That is, the vibration power generator 310 includes a fixed substrate 311L as a first substrate, a fixed substrate 311U as a second substrate, fixed structures 316L and R that connect these fixed substrates, a movable substrate 312, and a fixed structure.
- the springs 315L and R are connected to 316L and R and hold the movable substrate 312 in a hollow state.
- the first electrode 319 a U is provided on one surface of the fixed substrate 311 U (in FIG. 6, the main surface below the fixed substrate 311 U).
- the second electrodes 319bU are formed at positions facing the first electrodes 319aU, respectively.
- a third electrode 319aL is formed on one surface of the fixed substrate 311L (in FIG. 6, the main surface on the upper side of the fixed substrate 311L), and the surface of the movable substrate 312 facing the fixed substrate 311L (in FIG. 6).
- fourth electrodes 319bL are formed at positions facing the third electrodes 319aL, respectively.
- any one of the first electrode 319aU and the second electrode 319bU, and any one of the third electrode 319aL and the fourth electrode 319bL is an electret electrode including a film holding electric charge, and the other Is a current collecting electrode.
- the vibration power generator 310 is different from the vibration power generator 210 of FIG. 5 in that a protrusion 313 is formed on the upper main surface of the fixed substrate 311L.
- the protrusion 313 is formed by patterning an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film, for example.
- the protrusion 313 is formed by cutting the fixed substrate by etching or the like. Other structures and operations are the same as those of the vibration power generator 210.
- vibration power generator 310 According to vibration power generator 310 according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained when power is generated by vibration when the rotating body rotates. (6) Avoiding stiction
- the protrusion 313 is formed on the upper surface of the fixed substrate 311L as described above.
- the surface of the movable substrate 312 can be kept parallel to the surfaces of the fixed substrates 311L and 311U.
- the vibration power generator 310 even if vibration that is not applied when the rotating body is rotating normally (for example, vibration that is applied when a tire of an automobile steps on a stone roller) is applied to the vibration power generator 310, the third electrode 319aL and the second electrode Stiction can be avoided with respect to the fourth electrode 319bL.
- the gap between the fixed substrate 311L and the movable substrate 312 is smaller than the gap between the fixed substrate 311U and the movable substrate 312. Since stiction is likely to occur when the gap between the fixed substrate and the movable substrate is small, in FIG. 6, the protrusions 313 are formed on the surface of the fixed substrate 311L. Alternatively, the protrusions may be provided on the surface of the movable substrate 312.
- the protrusion may be formed on the surface of the fixed substrate 311U facing the movable substrate 312.
- the movable substrate 312 may be provided on the fixed substrate 311U side surface (main surface on the fixed substrate 311U side). Since stiction is more likely to occur when the gap is small, the protrusions are advantageously formed on the small gap side (between the fixed substrate 311L and the movable substrate 312).
- the first electrode 319aU is formed up to a region beyond the second electrode 319bU (outside the second electrode 319bU) in the vibration direction of the movable substrate 312. ing.
- the first electrode 319aU may be formed up to the vibration limit (a range displaceable by vibration) of the movable substrate 312 (particularly the second electrode 319bU). The same applies to the relationship between the third electrode 319aL and the fourth electrode 319bL.
- the shape of the surface (main surface) of the movable substrate 312 is not limited to a square, and may be a rectangle or another shape.
- FIG. 7 a is a diagram illustrating a vibration power generation apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the vibration power generator 210 is as shown in the second embodiment.
- a rectifier circuit 401 is connected between the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU.
- another rectifier circuit 402 is connected between the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL.
- the operation of the vibration power generator configured as described above will be described.
- the rotation speed of the rotating body is low, the power generation amount of the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL is larger than the power generation amount of the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU from the vibration power generator 210,
- the output voltage from the rectifier circuit 402 becomes larger than the output voltage from the rectifier circuit 401.
- the voltage of the rectifier circuit 402 is applied to the load.
- the power generation amount of the first electrode 219aU and the second electrode 219bU is larger than the power generation amount of the third electrode 219aL and the fourth electrode 219bL.
- the output voltage becomes larger than the output voltage from the rectifier circuit 402.
- the voltage of the rectifier circuit 401 is applied to the load.
- vibration power generation apparatus 400 According to vibration power generation apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained when power generation is performed by vibration when the rotating body rotates. (7) Stable supply of power to the load
- the vibration power generator 400 shown in the present embodiment is configured such that the larger one of the two outputs obtained during the rotation of the rotating body can be supplied to the load. As a result, even when the rotating body rotates at a low speed or at a high speed, a relatively constant power is sent to the load, and fluctuations in power propagation to the load can be reduced.
- the distance and the distance between the centers of two adjacent fourth electrodes 219bL are all the same.
- the vibration power generator 220 is of the form shown.
- a plurality of rectangular first electrodes 219 a U are arranged in parallel to each other in a direction parallel to the vibration direction of the movable substrate 212.
- the vibration power generator 410 shown in FIG. 7b a set of electrodes (specifically, used for power generation during high-speed rotation) so that the change in the frequency of the output voltage becomes small even if the vibration speed of the movable substrate 212 changes.
- the distance between the centers of two adjacent electrodes is made larger, and the electrode set (specifically, the third electrode set) used for power generation during low-speed rotation. In this example, the distance between the centers of two adjacent electrodes is made smaller.
- the vibration power generation apparatus 420 shown in FIG. 7c is the same as that shown in FIG. 7b except that the vibration power generator 230 is of the form shown in the figure.
- the vibration power generator 230 a plurality of rectangular first electrodes 219 a U are arranged in parallel to each other in a direction parallel to the vibration direction of the movable substrate 212. The same applies to the second electrode 219bU, the third electrode 219aL, and the fourth electrode 219bL.
- the vibrating body 212 since the vibration applied at the time of high-speed rotation becomes larger, the vibrating body 212 operates with a larger amplitude than at the time of low-speed rotation, so that the increase / decrease of the overlapping area of the electrodes becomes faster.
- the electrode width (W1, W2) since the electrode width (W1, W2) is large, the change in the period of the output voltage is smaller than that during low-speed rotation. Therefore, according to this modified example, more stable power can be obtained from the vibration power generator regardless of the speed of the rotating body.
- the rotating body described above is provided as a rotating body for a vehicle, for example.
- the vehicle rotating body is used for, for example, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, automobiles (including passenger cars and buses), industrial vehicles (for example, trucks), agricultural vehicles (for example, tractors), and construction vehicles (for example, crane vehicles). It is a rotating body.
- the rotating body is, for example, a tire used for these vehicles.
- the rotating body may be a rotating body included in the prime mover, for example, a rotating body included in an engine and an electric motor, or may be a rotating body included in a generator.
- the electric power from the rotating body may be used, for example, to evaluate the performance of the rotating body itself. Specifically, for example, the air pressure of the tire may be monitored and the monitoring result may be transmitted. Or you may use the electric power from a rotary body in order to light a light source (for example, LED lamp).
- a light source for example, LED lamp
- Embodiment 5 As a fifth embodiment, a vibration power generator that can be installed on a rotating body will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the vibration power generator according to the fifth embodiment. In FIG. 8, the vibration power generator indicates any one of the vibration power generators shown in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the vibration power generation apparatus 500 includes a vibration power generator 501, a rectifier circuit 502, a voltage conversion circuit 503, an output switching circuit 504, a power storage circuit 505, and a voltage control circuit 506.
- the AC voltage output from the vibration power generator 501 is converted into a DC voltage by the rectifier circuit 502.
- the DC voltage is input to the voltage conversion circuit 503 and converted to the output voltage level of the vibration power generator 500, and the converted voltage is input to the voltage control circuit 506 or the storage circuit 505 by the output switching circuit 504. .
- the voltage control circuit 506 the voltage is controlled so that the output voltage becomes constant, and the voltage is output.
- an alternating voltage is output from the vibration power generator 501.
- the description will be made assuming that the output voltage is a sine wave.
- the output voltage of the vibration power generator 501 includes the vibration amplitude of the movable substrate, the gap between the movable substrate and the fixed substrate, and the amount of charge retained in the electret film. And the voltage waveform varies depending on the magnitude of the external impedance viewed from the vibration power generator 501.
- the AC voltage output from the vibration power generator 501 is converted into the DC voltage VDC1 by the rectifier circuit 502.
- the DC voltage VDC1 is voltage-converted by the voltage conversion circuit 503 up to the output voltage level VDC2 of the vibration power generator 500.
- the operation of the output switching circuit 504 does not output to the voltage control circuit 506, but stores the generated power in the power storage circuit 505.
- the vibration power generator 500 When the power output is small and the amount of power generation is small, switching is performed so that the power stored in the power storage circuit 505 is output.
- the output from the output switching circuit 504 is controlled to a desired output voltage VOUT by the voltage control circuit 506 and output is performed.
- the output voltage of the vibration power generator 500 varies due to various factors.
- the output voltage level VDC2 may be set to a voltage slightly higher than the finally output voltage VOUT. By performing the setting in this way, the output voltage can be made constant even with a minute voltage fluctuation.
- VDC2 is set to 2V, it is possible to sufficiently control even a voltage decrease of 0.2V.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of the vibration power generation apparatus according to the sixth embodiment.
- the vibration power generator represents any one of the vibration power generators shown in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the vibration power generation apparatus 600 includes a vibration power generator 601, a rectifier circuit 602, a voltage conversion circuit 603, an output switching circuit 604, a power storage circuit 605, and a voltage control circuit 606.
- the AC voltage output from the vibration power generator 601 is converted into a DC voltage by the rectifier circuit 602.
- the DC voltage is input to the voltage conversion circuit 603 and converted into a voltage level that can be controlled by the vibration power generation apparatus 600.
- the converted voltage is controlled by the voltage control circuit 606 to be a desired voltage, and the storage circuit 605 is converted. Is input.
- the output control circuit 604 the electric power stored in the power storage circuit 605 is controlled according to the state of the load and output.
- the same effect as that of the vibration power generation apparatus 500 can be obtained.
- the operation of the vibration power generation apparatus 600 is substantially the same as that of the vibration power generation apparatus 500, but the output voltage of the voltage control circuit 606 is set to be controlled to an optimum voltage to the power storage circuit 605.
- the output control circuit 604 controls the output from the vibration power generation apparatus 600 in accordance with the load state.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a communication device 700 used in a tire pressure monitoring system mounted on an automobile.
- the communication device 700 is configured to operate by being supplied with electric power generated by the tire. Therefore, in FIG. 10, the power generation device 701 is the vibration power generation device shown in the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment.
- the communication device 700 switches between a power generation device 701 that generates power by vibration, a main power source of the communication device, or a battery 702 as a sub power source of the power generation device 701, an output from the power generation device 701 and an output from the battery 702.
- Power supply control unit 703 for supplying to the circuit unit, pressure sensor 704 for measuring tire air pressure, processing unit 705 for processing the output from the pressure sensor and transmitting it to the communication unit, and converting the input signal from the processing unit 705 into a high frequency signal
- the communication unit 706 for transmitting to the antenna 707 and the antenna 707 are provided.
- the operation of communication apparatus 700 configured as described above will be described. Electric power necessary for the operation of the pressure sensor 704, the processing unit 705, and the communication unit 706 is supplied from the power generation device 701 or the battery 702 by the power supply control unit 703.
- the pressure sensor 704 measures the tire air pressure, converts the measurement result into a voltage signal, and inputs the voltage signal to the processing unit 705.
- the signal processed by the processing unit 705 is input to the communication unit 706 and propagated from the antenna 707 as a high frequency signal.
- the vibration power generation device when used as the power source of the communication device, the number of maintenance work such as battery replacement can be reduced, or battery replacement can be made unnecessary. These improve the convenience of the communication device itself and contribute to resource saving and environmental protection.
- the vibration power generation device and the battery are used in combination. If the output power from the vibration power generator can sufficiently cover the power consumed by the circuits such as the pressure sensor, the processing unit, the communication unit, and the power necessary for communication, only the vibration power generation device may be used as the power source. In this case, the battery and the power supply control unit are unnecessary, which is advantageous in terms of downsizing the device.
- a block diagram of a communication device equipped with only a pressure sensor is shown.
- the same effect can be obtained also in a communication device in which a sensor for detecting an operation state of an automobile and performing power control and a control circuit are mounted.
- the example using the vibration power generation device shown in the fifth or sixth embodiment has been described.
- the vibration power generation device that converts external vibration acting due to rotation of the rotating body into electric power. Then, the same effect can be obtained even with other vibration power generators.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device 800 that produces sound.
- the power generation device 801 is the vibration power generation device shown in the fifth embodiment or the sixth embodiment.
- an electronic device 800 switches between a power generation device 801 that generates power by vibration, a main power source of a communication device, or a battery 802 as a sub power source of the power generation device 801, an output from the power generation device 801 and an output from the battery 802.
- Power supply control unit 803 supplied to the circuit unit, sensor 804 for detecting an external response (for example, button push, tilt, etc.), processing unit 805 for processing output from the sensor and transmitting it to the communication unit, and processing unit 805
- the control unit 806 that transmits to the speaker 807 by the input signal and the speaker 807.
- the communication apparatus (electronic device) 800 configured as described above will be described. Power necessary for the operation of the sensor 804, the processing unit 805, and the control unit 806 is supplied from the power generation device 801 or the battery 802 by the power supply control unit 803.
- the sensor 804 detects a response from the outside and inputs the detection result to the processing unit 805. When the signal processed by the processing unit 805 exceeds a desired value, the signal is input to the control unit 806 and a sound is output from the speaker 807.
- the vibration power generator when used as a power source for electronic equipment, the number of maintenance work such as battery replacement can be reduced, or battery replacement can be made unnecessary. These improve the convenience of the communication device itself and contribute to resource saving and environmental protection.
- the vibration power generation device and the battery are used in combination. If the output power from the vibration power generator can sufficiently cover the power consumed by circuits such as the sensor, processing unit, and control unit, and the power necessary for communication, only the vibration power generation device may be used as a power source. In that case, a battery and a power supply control unit are unnecessary, which is effective in reducing the size of the device.
- the rotating body according to the embodiment of the present invention is useful because the vibration power generator generates power with a stable output voltage, and can provide stable output power to an electronic device or the like regardless of the rotational speed of the rotating body. is there.
- the rotating body according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used integrally with a low-power wireless communication module or the like, and is very useful as, for example, a vehicle tire including a tire air pressure sensor. is there.
- Rotating body 101 which has vibration power generator Rotating body 102 Vibration power generators 110, 210, 220, 310 Vibration power generator 111, 211, 311 Fixed substrate 112, 212, 312 Movable substrate 115, 215, 315 Spring 116, 216, 316 Fixed structure 400, 410 Vibration power generation device 500 Vibration power generation device 600 Vibration power generation device 700 Communication device 800 Electronic device
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Abstract
Description
図12は、発電装置をホイール(回転体)に固定的に配置して使用する場合の発電装置の一例である、特許文献1(同文献の図4および0021段~0022段参照)に記載された発電装置の回転体への配置例を示した図である。特許文献1には、回転体に設置された発電器として、略円弧形状の移動経路を有する固定部と、前記移動経路に沿って移動可能に配置されるとともに、前記固定部に対する移動により発電が行われるように構成された可動部とを備え、前記移動経路の曲率半径は、前記回転体の曲率半径よりも小さい、発電装置が開示されている。
発電装置50は、内部空間を有するとともに、互いに対向する内部空間の上面および下面が略円弧形状に形成された筐体としての固定部1と、固定部1に対して移動可能な可動部2とを備えている。固定部1の内部には、第1発電部10と第2発電部20とが構成されている。
第1の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と対向するように配置された第2の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板との間に、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板と対向するように配置された、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板に対して振動可能である可動基板と、
前記第2の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第1の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第2の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第2の電極と
を有し、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極であり、
前記第1の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第1の間隔、および前記第2の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第2の間隔としたときに、前記第1の間隔は前記第2の間隔よりも小さい
振動発電器である。
本発明者らが研究したところ、特許文献1に開示された従来の発電装置は、回転加速度により発電量が決まるため、低速で回転体が回転している場合の発電量が小さいという問題、および遠心力の大きさが変化することにより摺動抵抗が増加して、発電量が制限されるという問題を有することがわかった。そこで、本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、振動発電器による発電が、回転速度の変化に対して振動の変化が小さい軸方向の振動によって行われるように回転体を構成すると、回転速度によらず安定に出力を与えることができることを見出した。さらに、そのような回転体は、使用可能な周波数範囲が広くなるように設計できる。以下に、本発明者ら、これらの知見に基づいて、下記本発明の態様を得るに到った。
態様1は、
第1の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と対向するように配置された第2の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板との間に、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板と対向するように配置された、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板に対して振動可能である可動基板と、
前記第2の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第1の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第2の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第2の電極と
を有し、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極であり、
前記第1の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第1の間隔、および前記第2の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第2の間隔としたときに、前記第1の間隔は前記第2の間隔よりも小さい
振動発電器である。態様1は、回転体に取り付けるのに適した振動発電器であり、回転速度の変化に対して振動の変化が小さい軸方向の振動によって発電可能なものである。態様1においては、可動基板が他の部材と接触しないので、回転中の遠心力による摺動抵抗の変化の問題もない。
態様2は、
前記第1の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第3の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第1の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第4の電極と
をさらに有し、
前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極である
態様1の振動発電器である。態様2の振動発電器によれば、遠心力による出力電力の変動を抑えて、出力をさらに安定にすることができる。
態様3は、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記第1の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第1の電極の中心間の距離D1が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第2の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第2の電極の中心間の距離D2が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第3の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第3の電極の中心間の距離D3が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第4の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第4の電極の中心間の距離D4が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記D1、D2、D3、D4が、
D1=D2>D3=D4
の関係を満たす
態様2の振動発電器である。態様3の振動発電器によれば、回転体の速度によらず、より安定した電力を得ることができる。
態様4は、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が、前記第1の基板の面に垂直な方向から見たときに矩形を有し、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記可動基板が振動する方向における、前記第1の電極の幅、前記第2の電極の幅、前記第3の電極の幅、および前記第4の電極の幅を、それぞれW1、W2、W3、およびW4としたときに、
W1=W2>W3=W4
の関係を満たす
態様2の振動発電器である。態様4の振動発電器によれば、回転体の速度によらず、振動発電器からより安定した電力を得ることができる。
態様5は、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板とを接続する固定構造体と、
前記固定構造体と前記可動基板とに接続されたバネと
をさらに有し、
前記バネにより、前記可動基板が中空に保持され、
前記バネは、前記可動基板の振動方向における寸法が、前記可動基板の厚さ方向における寸法よりも小さいバネである
態様1の振動発電器である。態様5の振動発電器においては、回転体の回転軸方向の振動が作用するおときには、小さい加速度でも可動基板を振動させること、および遠心力方向において大きな加速度が印加されても可動基板の変位を小さくすることが可能である。その結果、態様5の振動発電器は、回転体の回転速度によらず、回転時の振動により安定に動作ができる。
態様6は、
態様1~5のいずれか1つの振動発電器と、
前記振動発電器からの交流出力電圧を変換して直流電圧を出力する回路と、
と有する振動発電装置である。
態様7は、さらに電池を有する態様6の振動発電装置である。
態様8は、振動発電装置を有する回転体であって、
前記振動発電装置は、振動発電器と、前記振動発電器からの交流出力電圧を変換して直流電圧を出力する回路とを有し、
前記振動発電器が、
第1の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と対向するように配置された第2の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板との間に、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板と対向するように配置された、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板に対して振動可能である可動基板と、
前記第2の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第1の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第2の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第2の電極と
を有し、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極であり、
前記第1の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第1の間隔、および前記第2の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第2の間隔としたときに、前記第1の間隔は前記第2の間隔よりも小さく、
前記第1の固定基板、前記第2の固定基板および前記可動基板は、前記回転体の径方向に対して垂直に配置されており、
前記振動発電器は、前記第1の固定基板が前記回転体の前記回転軸側に位置するように、前記回転体に固定されている、
回転体である。態様8の回転体は、態様1の振動発電器を、第1の固定基板が所定のように位置するように固定した回転体である。
態様9は、
前記振動発電器が、
前記第1の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第3の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第1の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第4の電極と
をさらに有し、
前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極である
態様8の回転体である。態様9の回転体における振動発電器は、態様2の振動発電器である。
態様10は、
前記振動発電器において、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記第1の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第1の電極の中心間の距離D1が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第2の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第2の電極の中心間の距離D2が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第3の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第3の電極の中心間の距離D3が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第4の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第4の電極の中心間の距離D4が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記D1、D2、D3、D4が、
D1=D2>D3=D4
の関係を満たす
態様9の回転体である。態様10の回転体における振動発電器は、態様3の振動発電器である。
態様11は、
前記振動発電器において、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が、前記第1の基板の面に垂直な方向から見たときに矩形を有し、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記可動基板が振動する方向における、前記第1の電極の幅、前記第2の電極の幅、前記第3の電極の幅、および前記第4の電極の幅を、それぞれW1、W2、W3、およびW4としたときに、
W1=W2>W3=W4
の関係を満たす
態様10の回転体である。態様11の回転体における振動発電器は、態様4の振動発電器である。
態様12は、
前記振動発電器が、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板とを接続する固定構造体と、
前記固定構造体と前記可動基板とに接続されたバネと
をさらに有し、
前記バネにより、前記可動基板が中空に保持され、
前記バネは、前記可動基板の振動方向における寸法が、前記回転体の径方向における寸法よりも小さいバネである、
態様8の回転体である。態様12の回転体における振動発電器は、態様5の振動発電器である。
態様13は、
前記振動発電装置は、
前記振動発電器の前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極に接続された第1の整流回路と、
前記振動発電器の前記第3の電極と前記第4の電極に接続された第2の整流回路とを少なくとも有しており、
前記第1の整流回路と前記第2の整流回路のいずれか一方の電圧を負荷へ供給する
態様9~11のいずれかの回転体である。
態様14は、
前記振動発電装置は、
前記整流回路から出力された直流電圧を所望の電圧レベルに変換する電圧変換回路と、
前記振動発電装置からの出力が不要な場合、振動発電器により発電された電力を蓄える蓄電回路と、
前記電圧変換回路、或いは前記蓄電回路からの出力電圧を所定の電圧に制御する電圧制御回路と、
前記電圧変換回路の出力を蓄電回路、或いは電圧制御回路に切り替える出力切替回路とを有する態様8の回転体である。
態様15は、車両用回転体である、態様8~14のいずれかの回転体である。
態様16は、態様6または7の振動発電装置を有する通信装置である。
態様17は、態様6または7の振動発電装置を有する電子機器である。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る回転体100を示す図である。図2a~図2dは回転体の一例である乗用車用のタイヤが回転しているときの加速度の周波数スペクトラムであって、図2aおよび図2bはタイヤが低速および高速で回転しているときの接線方向振動のスペクトラムであり、図2cおよび図2dはタイヤが低速および高速で回転しているときの軸方向振動のスペクトラムである。図3は図1の振動発電器110の構造を示す断面図であり、図4は振動発電器110のバネを示す斜視図である。なお、図1、図3、および図4では、簡単のため配線構造などを図示していない。
図2aおよび図2bは、回転体として乗用車のタイヤの接線方向振動の加速度の周波数スペクトラムを示し、図2cおよび図2dは、タイヤの軸方向振動の加速度の周波数スペクトラムを示す。図2a~図2dでは、接線方向振動および軸方向振動のそれぞれについて、速度Aと速度Bの2つの走行パターンで自動車を運転して、それぞれの速度が得られるようにタイヤを回転させたときのスペクトラムを示している。速度Aは速度Bよりも低速である。
(1)安定に出力することができる
(2)使用周波数の範囲が広い
ここでは、接線方向の振動を用いた場合と比較して説明を行う。接線方向の振動を利用する振動発電器においては、自動車の速度(タイヤの回転速度)が異なるとそれに応じて加速度がピークとなる周波数が変化する。また、ピークとなる周波数以外での加速度の大きさは、ピーク値に比べ1/10程度と非常に小さい。さらに、共振を利用した振動発電器においては、共振点以外の外部振動が与えられたときの発電量は非常に小さくなる。そのため、接線方向の振動を利用した振動発電器においては、ある速度で共振点と周波数スペクトラムのピークが一致して発電量が高くなっても、別の速度で振動の加速度が減少し、発電量が大幅に減少することがある。即ち、接線方向の振動を利用した振動発電器においては、タイヤの回転速度により発電量が大きく増減することになる。
以上のことから、回転体の回転速度によらず安定に出力を与える回転体を提供することができる。
(1)の説明で述べたように、接線方向の振動は、回転体の回転速度が大きくなると加速度がピークとなる周波数は変化し、また、加速度がピークとなる周波数で共振するように振動発電器の設計を行うと、それ以外の周波数では出力が急激に低下する。接線方向の振動を利用し、加速度が一番小さい周波数で共振するように設計された振動発電器において、回転体の回転速度が変化して加速度がピークとなると、印加される振動(加速度)は設計値よりも10倍大きいものとなると考えられる。設計値の10倍の加速度に耐えうるためには、振動発電器の振動体の大振幅動作に対して弾性歪みを緩和するように、振動発電器を大型化することなどを行わねばならず、デメリットも大きい。さらに、一般に、機械的な共振を利用する振動発電器において、適応可能な周波数範囲は、共振周波数よりも-10%小さい周波数から10%大きい周波数までの範囲(0.9×共振周波数~1.1×共振周波数)である。適用可能な周波数範囲の拡大と、振動による発電量はトレードオフの関係にあり、3倍もの周波数変化に対応できるものではない。これらのことは、回転体の接線方向の振動を利用する振動発電器は、回転体の回転速度が変化したときにピークがシフトすることも考慮して、加速度の変化が小さい領域で使用されなければならないことを意味する。
次に振動発電器について説明を行う。
図3(a)および(b)は、図1に記載の振動発電装置102に搭載されている振動発電器110A-A’の断面図であり、図3(b)は遠心力が加わって、可動基板が回転体の回転軸から遠ざかる方向に変位している状態を示す。振動発電器110は、第1の固定基板としての固定基板111L、第2の固定基板としての固定基板111U、および固定基板111Lと111Uとの間に配置された可動基板112を有する。固定基板111L、111U、および可動基板112はいずれも、回転体の径方向に対して垂直に配置され、したがって、それらの面(主表面)は回転体の径方向に対して垂直である。固定基板111L上に接続部を介して、固定構造体116L、116Rが支持され、さらに接続部を介して固定基板111Uが支持される。即ち、2つの固定基板111Lおよび111Uは、固定構造体116L、116Rを介して接続されている。また、固定構造体116L、116Rに接続されたバネ115L、115Rにより可動基板112は中空に保持されている。固定基板111L、111U、および可動基板112の面(主表面)はいずれも略正方形の形状を有し、互いに平行である。
上述のように本実施の形態に示す振動発電器構造では、外部からの作用(振動)により可動基板112が変位を行う。その後、バネ115L、115Rの反発力により可動基板112は所望の位置に戻る方向に力を受け、所定の位置に戻る方向へ変位する。これらの変位の繰り返しは、可動基板112を、固定基板111L、111Uに対して、一軸方向で振動させることとなる。可動基板112は、外部からの作用が継続する限り振動を続けることとなる。外部からの作用が停止すると振動は減衰し、可動基板112は停止する。
(3)遠心力の影響が小さい
(4)遠心力下でも動作できる
実施の形態2として、回転体に設置可能な別の振動発電器を説明する。図5は、実施の形態2に係る振動発電器210の構造を示す断面図である。なお、図5では、簡単のため配線構造などを図示していない。
この振動発電器構造210における発電の原理は、実施の形態1に示す振動発電器110のそれと同様である。但し、発電は、可動基板212の上下、即ち、第1の電極219aUと第2の電極219bUとの間、および第3の電極219aLと第4の電極219bLとの間で行われる。
(5)について詳細な説明を行う。本実施の形態に示す振動発電器210では、上述したように固定基板211Lと可動基板212のギャップ(ギャップGA)と固定基板211Uと可動基板212のギャップ(ギャップGB)は、ギャップGA<ギャップGBとなるように構成されている。その結果、回転速度の遅い領域では、発電Aの方が発電Bと比較して大きい。回転速度が増加するに従い、ギャップGAが増加して発電Aは減少し、ギャップGBの減少に伴い発電Bが増加する。さらに回転速度が増すと、発電Bが発電Aよりも大きい状態となる。したがって、低速回転時には発電Aを利用し、高速回転時には発電Bを利用することにより、回転体の回転速度が変わっても発電量の変化を小さくすることができ、遠心力による出力電力の変動を抑えて、出力をさらに安定にすることが可能となる。
実施の形態3として、回転体に設置可能な別の振動発電器を説明する。図6は、実施の形態3に係る振動発電器310の構造を示す断面図(図6(a))、および可動基板312の一部が傾いて回転体の回転軸側に変位した状態を示す断面図(図6(b))である。なお、図6では、簡単のため配線構造などを図示していない。
その他の構造、および動作に関しては、振動発電器210のそれらと同様である。
(6)スティクションの回避
実施の形態4として、回転体に設置可能な振動発電装置を説明する。図7aは、実施の形態4に係る振動発電装置400を示す図である。
図7aにおいて、振動発電器210は、実施の形態2に示すものである。振動発電装置400において、第1の電極219aUと第2の電極219bU間には整流回路401が接続される。また、第3の電極219aLと第4の電極219bL間には別の整流回路402が接続される。
回転体の回転速度が遅い時は、振動発電器210からは、第3の電極219aLと第4の電極219bLの発電量が第1の電極219aUと第2の電極219bUの発電量よりも大きく、整流回路402からの出力電圧が整流回路401からの出力電圧よりも大きくなる。その結果、負荷へは整流回路402の電圧が印加される。また、回転体の回転速度が速い時は、第1の電極219aUと第2の電極219bUの発電量が第3の電極219aLと第4の電極219bLの発電量よりも大きく、整流回路401からの出力電圧が整流回路402からの出力電圧よりも大きくなる。その結果、負荷へは整流回路401の電圧が印加される。
(7)負荷への電力の安定供給
実施の形態5として、回転体に設置可能な振動発電装置を説明する。図8は、実施の形態5の振動発電装置のブロック図である。図8において、振動発電器は、実施の形態1から実施の形態4で示された振動発電器のいずれか1つを示す。
振動発電器501からは、交流の電圧が出力される。ここでは、出力電圧は正弦波を想定して説明を行うが、実際には振動発電器501の出力電圧は、可動基板の振動振幅、可動基板-固定基板間のギャップ、エレクトレット膜の保持電荷量、及び振動発電器501から見た外部インピーダンスの大きさなどにより電圧波形は異なる。振動発電器501から出力された交流電圧は、整流回路502により直流電圧VDC1に変換される。直流電圧VDC1は、振動発電装置500の出力電圧レベルVDC2まで電圧変換回路503で電圧変換される。出力切替回路504の動作は、振動発電装置500からの電圧出力が必要ないときは、電圧制御回路506には出力を行わず、蓄電回路505に発電された電力を蓄える、また、振動発電装置500からの電圧出力が必要であり、発電量が小さい時には、蓄電回路505に蓄えられた電力を出力するように切替を行う。出力切替回路504からの出力は、電圧制御回路506により所望の出力電圧VOUTに制御されて出力が行われる。
実施の形態6として、回転体に設置可能な振動発電装置を説明する。図9は、実施の形態6の振動発電装置の構造を示すブロック図である。図9において、振動発電器は、実施の形態1から実施の形態4で示された振動発電器のいずれか1つを示す。
図10は、自動車に搭載されるタイヤ空気圧モニタリングシステムで使用される通信装置700のブロック図である。通信装置700は、例えば、自動車のタイヤが本発明の実施の形態の回転体である場合には、タイヤが発電する電力が供給されて、動作するように構成されている。よって、図10において、発電装置701は実施の形態5、または実施の形態6で示された振動発電装置を示す。
圧力センサ704、処理部705、通信部706が動作するために必要な電力を、電源制御部703により発電装置701、或いは電池702から供給する。圧力センサ704は、タイヤの空気圧を測定し、測定結果を電圧信号に変換して処理部705へ入力する。処理部705で処理された信号は、通信部706へ入力され高周波信号としてアンテナ707から伝搬される。
図11は、音の出る電子機器800のブロック図である。図11において、発電装置801は実施の形態5、または実施の形態6で示された振動発電装置を示す。
センサ804、処理部805、制御部806が動作するために必要な電力を、電源制御部803により発電装置801、或いは電池802から供給する。センサ804は、外部からの応答を検出し、検出結果を処理部805へ入力する。処理部805で処理された信号が所望の値を超えると、制御部806へ入力されて、スピーカー807から音を出力する。
101 回転体
102 振動発電装置
110、210、220、310 振動発電器
111、211、311 固定基板
112、212、312 可動基板
115、215、315 バネ
116、216、316 固定構造体
400、410 振動発電装置
500 振動発電装置
600 振動発電装置
700 通信装置
800 電子機器
Claims (17)
- 第1の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と対向するように配置された第2の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板との間に、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板と対向するように配置された、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板に対して振動可能である可動基板と、
前記第2の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第1の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第2の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第2の電極と
を有し、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極であり、
前記第1の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第1の間隔、および前記第2の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第2の間隔としたときに、前記第1の間隔は前記第2の間隔よりも小さい
振動発電器。 - 前記第1の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第3の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第1の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第4の電極と
をさらに有し、
前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極である
請求項1に記載の振動発電器。 - 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記第1の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第1の電極の中心間の距離D1が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第2の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第2の電極の中心間の距離D2が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第3の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第3の電極の中心間の距離D3が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第4の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第4の電極の中心間の距離D4が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記D1、D2、D3、D4が、
D1=D2>D3=D4
の関係を満たす
請求項2に記載の振動発電器。 - 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が、前記第1の基板の面に垂直な方向から見たときに矩形を有し、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記可動基板が振動する方向における、前記第1の電極の幅、前記第2の電極の幅、前記第3の電極の幅、および前記第4の電極の幅を、それぞれW1、W2、W3、およびW4としたときに、
W1=W2>W3=W4
の関係を満たす
請求項2に記載の振動発電器。 - 前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板とを接続する固定構造体と、
前記固定構造体と前記可動基板とに接続されたバネと
をさらに有し、
前記バネにより、前記可動基板が中空に保持され、
前記バネは、前記可動基板の振動方向における寸法が、前記可動基板の厚さ方向における寸法よりも小さいバネである
請求項1に記載の振動発電器。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の振動発電器と、
前記振動発電器からの交流出力電圧を変換して直流電圧を出力する回路と、
と有する振動発電装置。 - さらに電池を有する請求項6に記載の振動発電装置。
- 振動発電装置を有する回転体であって、
前記振動発電装置は、振動発電器と、前記振動発電器からの交流出力電圧を変換して直流電圧を出力する回路とを有し、
前記振動発電器が、
第1の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と対向するように配置された第2の固定基板と、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板との間に、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板と対向するように配置された、前記第1および前記第2の固定基板に対して振動可能である可動基板と、
前記第2の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第1の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第2の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第2の電極と
を有し、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極であり、
前記第1の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第1の間隔、および前記第2の固定基板と前記可動基板との間の間隔を第2の間隔としたときに、前記第1の間隔は前記第2の間隔よりも小さく、
前記第1の固定基板、前記第2の固定基板および前記可動基板は、前記回転体の径方向に対して垂直に配置されており、
前記振動発電器は、前記第1の固定基板が前記回転体の前記回転軸側に位置するように、前記回転体に固定されている、
回転体。 - 前記振動発電器が、
前記第1の固定基板の前記可動基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第3の電極と、
前記可動基板の前記第1の固定基板と対向する面に形成された複数の第4の電極と
をさらに有し、
前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極のいずれか一方は電荷を保持した膜を有する電極である
請求項8に記載の回転体。 - 前記振動発電器において、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記第1の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第1の電極の中心間の距離D1が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第2の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第2の電極の中心間の距離D2が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第3の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第3の電極の中心間の距離D3が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記第4の電極は、互いに平行となり、かつ隣り合う2つの前記第4の電極の中心間の距離D4が等距離となるように配置されており、
前記D1、D2、D3、D4が、
D1=D2>D3=D4
の関係を満たす
請求項9に記載の回転体。 - 前記振動発電器において、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が、前記第1の基板の面に垂直な方向から見たときに矩形を有し、
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、前記第3の電極および前記第4の電極が並ぶ方向は、前記可動基板が振動する方向と平行な方向であり、
前記可動基板が振動する方向における、前記第1の電極の幅、前記第2の電極の幅、前記第3の電極の幅、および前記第4の電極の幅を、それぞれW1、W2、W3、およびW4としたときに、
W1=W2>W3=W4
の関係を満たす
請求項10に記載の回転体。 - 前記振動発電器が、
前記第1の固定基板と前記第2の固定基板とを接続する固定構造体と、
前記固定構造体と前記可動基板とに接続されたバネと
をさらに有し、
前記バネにより、前記可動基板が中空に保持され、
前記バネは、前記可動基板の振動方向における寸法が、前記回転体の径方向における寸法よりも小さいバネである、
請求項8に記載の回転体。 - 前記振動発電装置は、
前記振動発電器の前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極に接続された第1の整流回路と、
前記振動発電器の前記第3の電極と前記第4の電極に接続された第2の整流回路とを少なくとも有しており、
前記第1の整流回路と前記第2の整流回路のいずれか一方の電圧を負荷へ供給する
請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の回転体。 - 前記振動発電装置は、
前記整流回路から出力された直流電圧を所望の電圧レベルに変換する電圧変換回路と、
前記振動発電装置からの出力が不要な場合、振動発電器により発電された電力を蓄える蓄電回路と、
前記電圧変換回路、或いは前記蓄電回路からの出力電圧を所定の電圧に制御する電圧制御回路と、
前記電圧変換回路の出力を蓄電回路、或いは電圧制御回路に切り替える出力切替回路とを有する請求項8に記載の回転体。 - 車両用回転体である、請求項8~14のいずれか1項に記載の回転体。
- 請求項6または請求項7に記載の振動発電装置を有する通信装置。
- 請求項6または請求項7に記載の振動発電装置を有する電子機器。
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JP2018050455A (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2018-03-29 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 振動発電素子 |
WO2022130744A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | 株式会社鷺宮製作所 | 発電素子、及び、発電装置 |
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