WO2013057354A1 - Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento y/o prevención de la mucositis - Google Patents
Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento y/o prevención de la mucositis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013057354A1 WO2013057354A1 PCT/ES2012/070728 ES2012070728W WO2013057354A1 WO 2013057354 A1 WO2013057354 A1 WO 2013057354A1 ES 2012070728 W ES2012070728 W ES 2012070728W WO 2013057354 A1 WO2013057354 A1 WO 2013057354A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- melatonin
- use according
- mucositis
- composition
- gel
- Prior art date
Links
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melatonin Natural products COC1=CC=C2N(C(C)=O)C=C(CCN)C2=C1 YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 206010028116 Mucosal inflammation Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 201000010927 Mucositis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000003265 stomatitis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 67
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 57
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 43
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 40
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 24
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 108010063907 Glutathione Reductase Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 102100036442 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 18
- 108010053070 Glutathione Disulfide Proteins 0.000 description 17
- YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-N glutathione disulfide Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 13
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000006676 mitochondrial damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 102100021569 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 101150017888 Bcl2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000055102 bcl-2-Associated X Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 102100025064 Cellular tumor antigen p53 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100029647 Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000426 Caspase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 102000010565 Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010063104 Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 6
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000000524 Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010016592 Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100026155 Transcription factor A, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101710106416 Transcription factor A, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101100055533 Caenorhabditis elegans amt-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100035904 Caspase-1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035806 respiratory chain Effects 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102100028960 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 102000015782 Electron Transport Complex III Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010024882 Electron Transport Complex III Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101001123331 Homo sapiens Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108020005196 Mitochondrial DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000172 cytosol Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027686 extensive ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidized gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CSSCC(C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001992 poloxamer 407 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PUIBPGHAXSCVRF-QHFGJBOXSA-N prostaglandin C1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\C1=CCC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O PUIBPGHAXSCVRF-QHFGJBOXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylparaben Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010007134 Candida infections Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010037462 Cyclooxygenase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010034143 Inflammasomes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000017946 PGC-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700038399 PGC-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100038280 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allopurinol Chemical compound OC1=NC=NC2=C1C=NN2 OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003459 allopurinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzydamine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCCCN(C)C)=NN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000003984 candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015788 innate immune response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002248 lipoperoxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008437 mitochondrial biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004065 mitochondrial dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001700 mitochondrial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008811 mitochondrial respiratory chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004876 tela submucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036269 ulceration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N (+)-Pilocarpine Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@@H](CC)[C@H]1CC1=CN=CN1C QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYDQTUVRVHOCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1h-indol-3-yl)ethylamino]oxypropan-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCNOCC(=O)C)=CNC2=C1 BYDQTUVRVHOCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNKDCTFPQUHAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound FN1C=CC(=O)NC1=O SNKDCTFPQUHAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Mercaptoguanine Natural products N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6S-folinic acid Natural products C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000015790 Asparaginase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010024976 Asparaginase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003950 B-cell lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034309 Bacterial disease carrier Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000021350 Caspase recruitment domains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091011189 Caspase recruitment domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000007866 Chamaemelum nobile Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010071942 Colony-Stimulating Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011724 DNA Repair Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076525 DNA Repair Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019505 Deglutition disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- MPJKWIXIYCLVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Folinic acid Natural products NC1=NC2=C(N(C=O)C(CNc3ccc(cc3)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CN2)C(=O)N1 MPJKWIXIYCLVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000033694 Generalised erythema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000728679 Homo sapiens Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003777 Interleukin-1 beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000193 Interleukin-1 beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000042664 Matricaria chamomilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007232 Matricaria chamomilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVAWJSIDNICKHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acetylserotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCNC(=O)C)=CNC2=C1 MVAWJSIDNICKHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011779 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076864 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WXOMTJVVIMOXJL-BOBFKVMVSA-A O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)OS(=O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@]2(COS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)O[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H]2OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H]1OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)O.O[Al](O)OS(=O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@]2(COS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)O[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H]2OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O)[C@@H]1OS(=O)(=O)O[Al](O)O WXOMTJVVIMOXJL-BOBFKVMVSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007027 Oral Candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000310 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005583 Pyrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010059278 Pyrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000285536 Natural products C1OC(=O)C(CC)C1CC1=CN=CN1C QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010042566 Superinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000287411 Turdidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000290333 Vanilla fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004150 aciclovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000648 anti-parkinson Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125715 antihistaminic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006851 antioxidant defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000939 antiparkinson agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005529 antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002249 anxiolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000949 anxiolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005530 anxiolytics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003272 asparaginase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M asparaginate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002170 azathioprine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azathioprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000333 benzydamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002715 bioenergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000034158 bleeding Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067596 butylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004637 cellular stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960003260 chlorhexidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091007930 cytoplasmic receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095079 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018927 edible plant Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002745 epiphysis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001617 ethyl hydroxybenzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010228 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004403 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N floxuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000961 floxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N folinic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008191 folinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011672 folinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002743 glutamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124589 immunosuppressive drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008810 intracellular oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001691 leucovorin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000006240 membrane receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004084 membrane receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OBBCSXFCDPPXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N misonidazole Chemical compound COCC(O)CN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O OBBCSXFCDPPXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010514 misonidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N mithramycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@](C)(O)C3)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004898 mitochondrial function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011929 mousse Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002088 nanocapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000712 neurohormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000008434 neuropeptide hormone activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040002669 neuropeptide hormone activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000988 nystatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007310 pathophysiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001416 pilocarpine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004560 pineal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003171 plicamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018855 positive regulation of programmed cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960004291 sucralfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=NC=N[C]21 MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009723 vascular congestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/4045—Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising melatonin (N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) or its derivatives in a concentration of 2.5% to 5% weight / volume (w / v) for the preparation of a Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis.
- melatonin N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
- w / v weight / volume
- mucositis is caused by radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy. Therefore, the invention could be framed in the medical field.
- Mucositis is an inflammatory reaction that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, and is one of the main adverse effects of chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy and bone marrow transplants. Mucositis can also be caused by chemical agents such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, cyclosporine A), xerostomizing drugs, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antihistamines, sympathomirnetic stimulants, antiparkinsonians, antipsychotics, gingival or hydantoin antibiotics.
- corticosteroids such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, cyclosporine A), xerostomizing drugs, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antihistamines, sympathomirnetic stimulants, antiparkinsonians, antipsychotics, gingival or hydantoin antibiotics.
- immunosuppressive drugs azathi
- Oral mucositis (or oromucositis) induced by ionizing radiation (or also called radioinduced) and chemotherapeutic agents is currently one of the main problems in the therapy of cancer patients.
- 97% develop some degree of mucositis, and 100% of those undergoing prolonged fractional radiotherapy also develop it (Trotti A et al. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2003, 66: 253 -262).
- the damage caused by ionizing radiation is due to direct and indirect mechanisms.
- Mucositis is classified, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in different grades according to the symptomatology.
- Grade 0 normality
- grade 1 generalized erythema, pink mucosa not painful and with abundant saliva, normal voice
- grade 2 erythema, little extensive ulcers, solid swallowing is maintained
- grade 3 erythema, edema or extensive ulcers, the patient can only swallow fluids, entails pain and difficulty speaking
- grade 4 very extensive ulcers, bleeding gums, infections, no saliva, very intense pain, enteral or parenteral support.
- Mucositis appears as a result of a series of biological events that begin in the submucosa and progress to the epithelium and are common for mucositis of different etiologies.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- Transcription factors are activated such as the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB).
- NF-kB nuclear factor kappa-B
- proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), which cause apoptosis and cell damage. This inflammatory reaction causes damage to the mucosa with the consequent appearance of ulcers.
- Mucositis is a process in which some biochemical mechanism different from the rest of the inflammatory processes could intervene, such as the inflammatory pathway (Escames G, et al. Hum Genet, Julio, 201 1, DOI 10.1007 / s00439-01 1 -1057). At present it has no treatment that causes a total reversal of the same or that totally prevents its appearance.
- the present invention describes the use of a composition comprising melatonin or a derivative thereof at a concentration of 2.5 to 5% w / v for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis .
- composition of the invention is useful for protecting the oral mucosa as well as the gastrointestinal mucosa.
- concentrations lower than those collected in the composition of the invention are not capable of completely reversing mucositis, while concentrations equal to or greater than 3% w / v are capable of treating and reversing 100% Mucositis caused by ionizing radiation.
- Results of different routes of administration are shown, the topical route being the one that offers the best protection to oral mucositis.
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising melatonin or a derivative thereof at a concentration of 2.5% to 5% w / v for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis.
- a composition of the invention comprising melatonin or a derivative thereof at a concentration of 2.5% to 5% w / v for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis.
- Constant of 2.5-5% w / v means that the composition comprises between 2.5-5 grams of melatonin or a derivative thereof in 100 ml of final composition.
- the abbreviation "p / v” refers to weight / volume or mass / volume (m / v).
- a preferred embodiment refers to the use where the concentration of melatonin or a derivative thereof is 3% w / v. Therefore, said preferred composition refers to a composition comprising 3 grams of melatonin or a derivative thereof in 100 ml of total volume of the composition.
- preferred composition of the invention refers to a composition comprising 3 grams of melatonin or a derivative thereof in 100 ml of total volume of the composition.
- Melatonin or a derivative thereof means any compound comprised within the general formula I, as well as its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs, which are useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or mucositis prevention
- the compounds of general formula I refer to:
- n is an integer between 1 and 4;
- alkyl refers in the present invention to aliphatic, linear or branched chains, having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, tert- butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, etc.
- the alkyl group has between 1 and 2 carbon atoms. And more preferably they are a methyl group.
- R 3 is a methyl group. More preferably n is 1 and even more preferably R 2 is hydrogen.
- melatonin refers to N-acetyl-5-methoxy-triptamine, also referred to in the literature as melatonin, melatonine, melatol, melovine, circadin, ceremoniesn, acetaminde, N-acetyl-methoxy-tryptamine, 5-methoxy- N- acetyltryptamine, N- [2- (5-methoxy-1 H-indole-3-yl) ethyl] acetamide or N- [2- (5- methoxyindole-3-yl) ethyl] acetamide or when in the compound of general formula (I) Ri and R3 are methyl, n is 1 and R 2 is hydrogen.
- the CAS number of melatonin is 73-31 -4.
- Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone produced by the pineal gland (cerebri epiphysis), as well as by other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the retina, lymphocytes and bone marrow cells, physiologically in animals, including humans .
- Melatonin is produced in animals, including humans, from serotonin (5-hydroxtriptamine, 5-HT), which in turn derives from the amino acid tryptophan. Therefore, the present invention could also refer to the use of a composition comprising any of the precursors of melatonin (5- HT, tryptophan or intermediate metabolites such as N-acetylserotonin, or ⁇ AS), in a concentration sufficient to allow the human body were transformed to melatonin at the concentrations described in the present invention, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis.
- a composition comprising any of the precursors of melatonin (5- HT, tryptophan or intermediate metabolites such as N-acetylserotonin, or ⁇ AS), in a concentration sufficient to allow the human body were transformed to melatonin at the concentrations described in the present invention, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of mucos
- the present invention also relates to the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of melatonin or its derivatives that can be generated by chemical methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example, by a reaction with an acid in water or in a solvent. organic or in a mixture of both.
- organic solvent ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile can be used.
- the acid addition salts include mineral acid addition salts such as, for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iohydrate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and organic acid addition salts such as, for example, acetate, maleate. , fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and ptoluenesulfonate.
- prodrug refers to a chemical compound that has undergone a chemical derivation, for example a substitution or an addition of an additional chemical group, to modify any of its physicochemical properties, such as solubility. or bioavailability, but that does not modify the technical characteristics of the original molecule.
- a prodrug could be for example an ester, ether or amide derivative.
- Bioavailability refers to its availability in a specific biological compartment.
- solvate is to be understood as that derivative of melatonin having another molecule, for example a polar solvent, joined by means of a non-covalent bond.
- solvates include hydrates and alcoholates, for example methanolates.
- compositions of the invention or the preferred composition of the invention may also refer to a composition comprising a functional biological equivalent of melatonin in a concentration that is equivalent to that described in the compositions of the invention.
- the term "functional biological equivalent” or “bioequivalent variable” as used in the present description refers to a molecule with the same function as the molecule described, which may have slight variations with respect to the molecule described without said Variations provide no technical effect added to said molecule. In the present invention, it therefore refers to melatonin variants that have the same function and that show slight variations without such variations providing any technical effect added to melatonin.
- concentration that is equivalent is meant that concentration necessary for the functional biological equivalent of melatonin that produces the same effect as described in the present invention by the composition of the invention.
- Melatonin is also produced in vegetables. For example, the presence of melatonin in algae, edible plants, cereals, fruits, seeds, roots, stems, leaves and medicinal herbs has been described. (SD Walls al. J Exp Bot 20089, 60 (1): 57-69). For example, the presence of melatonin in cocoa, grapes, tomatoes, tea, green tea, seaweed, cereals and olives has been described. Therefore, the origin of the melatonin of the composition of the invention can be vegetable. Obtaining melatonin of plant origin (also called phytomelatonin) can be carried out by any method known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose. The origin of the melatonin used in the composition of the invention can also be synthetic.
- composition refers to any substance used for the prevention, diagnosis, relief, treatment or cure of diseases in man or animals. In the context of the present invention, it refers to a composition capable of treating and / or preventing mucositis.
- treatment and / or prevention refers to both therapeutic and prophylactic treatment or preventive measures. Those situations susceptible to treatment include those already associated with alterations as well as in those in which the alteration is prevented. An “alteration” is any condition that would benefit from treatment with the composition of the invention, as described herein.
- mucositis refers mainly to the disease that occurs with inflammation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, that is, oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, stomach and intestinal mucosa, and which is characterized by affectation to the integrity and function of the mucosa and that can lead to ulceration and infection in it. Mucositis can be caused by various etiologies, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants or drug treatments.
- a preferred embodiment refers to the use where mucositis is caused by radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy.
- Radiation therapy is the treatment based on the use of ionizing radiation capable of ionizing matter, such as X-rays or radioactivity, which includes both gamma rays and alpha particles.
- ionizing radiation capable of ionizing matter, such as X-rays or radioactivity, which includes both gamma rays and alpha particles.
- it refers to the treatment with ionizing radiation that is used in cancer treatments and that includes any treatment known to the person skilled in the art that generates mucositis.
- Chemotherapy is understood to be that treatment based on the administration of an agent that produces inhibition in tumor growth and that includes any treatment known by the person skilled in the art that generates mucositis, for example the chemical agent can refer to methotrexate, frocarbacin, thioguanine , mercaptopurine, cytarabine, fluoruracil, floxuridine, vinblastine, vincristine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitramycin, bleomycin, asparaginase or irinotecan.
- the chemical agent can refer to methotrexate, frocarbacin, thioguanine , mercaptopurine, cytarabine, fluoruracil, floxuridine, vinblastine, vincristine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitramycin, bleomycin, asparaginase or ir
- Another preferred embodiment relates to the use where the mucositis is oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, stomach or intestinal. Another preferred embodiment relates to the use where mucositis is oral.
- Another preferred embodiment relates to the use where mucositis is in humans.
- composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant.
- excipient refers to a substance that aids in the absorption of the pharmaceutical composition or medicament of the invention, stabilizes said pharmaceutical composition or aids in its preparation in the sense of giving it consistency or providing flavors that make it more pleasant.
- the excipients could have the function of keeping the ingredients together such as starches, sugars or cellulose, sweetening function, dye function, drug protection function such as to isolate it from air and / or moisture, function filling a tablet, capsule or any other form of presentation such as dibasic calcium phosphate, a disintegrating function to facilitate the dissolution of the components and their absorption in the intestine, without excluding other types of excipients not mentioned in this paragraph.
- an essence such as cinnamon, lemon, orange, tangerine or vanilla essence can be added.
- adjuvant refers to any substance that potentiates the response of an active substance. In the present invention it refers to any substance that potentiates the effects of the composition of the invention, may refer to any adjuvant known to the person skilled in the art.
- composition further comprises a gelling agent.
- the gelling agent is selected from the list comprising copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose and guar gum. It preferably refers to polyethylene and polypropylene copolymer.
- another embodiment refers to the use where the composition is a gel (or also called "hydrogel").
- gelling agent refers to a substance that forms a gel, that is, a three-dimensional network formed by the gelling agent and generally containing a liquid phase.
- the gelling agents that can be used may be those known to those skilled in the art for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition.
- the copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene copolymers of poloxamer (or poloxamer) could be used, for example the agents called Pluronic®, among them, Pluronic® F127 (CAS number 9003-1 1-6) or Pluronic® F127NF.
- Pluronic® F127 CAS number 9003-1 1-6
- Pluronic® F127NF Pluronic® F127NF.
- Another preferred embodiment relates to the use where the composition further comprises at least one preservative.
- Preservative means that substance that maintains the properties of the drug by inhibiting germ contamination, can be ionic or non-ionic preservative.
- the preservative used will not be toxic, will be chemically stable, and compatible with meatonin.
- preservatives those known in the state of the art can be used, for example, the preservative may refer to benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate, methylparaben, ethylparaben or butylparaben.
- "Germs" means any cell that can grow and multiply in the composition of the invention, for example bacteria, fungi and yeasts.
- composition further comprises an antioxidant.
- antioxidant refers to that substance that is capable of retarding or preventing oxidation.
- antioxidant agents those known in the state of the art can be used, for example tocopherol, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, tartaric acid, butylhydroxyanisole, citric acid, vitamin A or vitamin E.
- composition further comprises at least one other active ingredient.
- active substance refers to any component that potentially provides a pharmacological activity or other different diagnostic effect , cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of a disease, or that affects the structure or function of the body of the human being or other animals.
- active ingredient refers to any component that potentially provides a pharmacological activity or other different diagnostic effect , cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of a disease, or that affects the structure or function of the body of the human being or other animals.
- allopurinol could be used.
- Another preferred embodiment relates to the use where the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle”, or pharmacologically acceptable refers to those substances, or combination of substances, known in the pharmaceutical sector, used in the preparation of pharmaceutical forms of administration and includes, but are not limited to, solids, liquids, solvents or surfactants
- the carrier can be an inert substance or action analogous to any of the compounds of the present invention.
- the function of the vehicle is to facilitate the incorporation of the expression product of the invention as well as other compounds, to allow a better dosage and administration or to give consistency and form to the pharmaceutical composition.
- the presentation form is liquid, the vehicle is the diluent.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be used in the invention may be those known to those skilled in the art, for example, lysosomes, millicapsules, microcapsules, nanocapsules, sponges, microspheres, microspheres, nanospheres, miliparticles, microparticles and nanoparticles.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be formulated for administration in a variety of ways known in the state of the art.
- Such formulations may be administered to an animal and, preferably, to a mammal, and more preferably to a human, by a variety of routes, including, but not limited to topical, oral, parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intradermal, intralesional, intraarterial, intramuscular, intranasal, or subcutaneous.
- compositions are presented in a form adapted to topical, oral, intraperitoneal, intradermal or subcutaneous administration.
- An even more preferred embodiment refers to the use where the composition is presented in a form adapted to topical administration.
- topical administration in the present invention refers to the composition being administered on the surface of the mucosa. Administration can be performed in the mucosa of any part of the digestive tract, preferably in the oral mucosa. The administration of the composition of the invention can be performed using an oral rinse for a few minutes, so that the oral mucosa is impregnated, and then it can be ingested to bathe, be in contact, with the entire gastrointestinal mucosa.
- the formulations that can be used in the composition of the invention can be the following: oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, milks, lotions, gels, ointments, balms, foams, body oils , soaps, bars, pencils, vaporizers, creams, liniments, ointments, serums and mousses.
- the composition may also be incorporated into solid supports selected from the group consisting of hydrogels, wipes, patches and facial masks.
- the dosage to obtain a therapeutically effective amount depends on a variety of factors, such as, for example, age, weight, sex or tolerance of the animal, preferably mammalian and more preferably human.
- the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of the pharmaceutically effective composition that produces the desired effect and, in general, will be determined among other causes, by the characteristics of said pharmaceutical composition and of the therapeutic effect to be achieved.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the use where the daily dose administered is between 37.5 mg and 75 mg.
- An even more preferred embodiment refers to the use where the daily dose administered is between 45 mg.
- another Even more preferred embodiment refers to the use where the dose is administered in a 15 mg regimen 3 times a day.
- FIG. 1 Oxidative stress levels in rat tongue homogenate.
- the results of the lipid peroxidation index (LPO) in control rats, irradiated and irradiated and treated with 1%, 3% or 5% w / v melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity are shown.
- MDA malonildialdehyde
- 4-HDA hydroxyalkenal
- FIG. 2 Levels of oxidative stress in rat tongue mitochondria.
- the results of the lipid peroxidation index (LPO) in control rats, irradiated and irradiated and treated with 1%, 3% or 5% w / v melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity are shown.
- MDA malonildialdehyde
- 4-HDA hydroxyalkenal; ** p ⁇ 0.01 and *** p ⁇ 0.001 versus C; ### p ⁇ 0.001 versus IR.
- FIG. 4 Activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in mitochondria of the tongue in rats.
- FIG. 5 Macroscopic appearance of the rat tongue after treatment with the composition of the invention.
- the macroscopic results of the tongue of control rats, irradiated and irradiated and treated with 1%, 3% or 5% w / v melatonin gel are shown topically in the oral cavity.
- Control, irradiated rats (IR), and rats irradiated and treated with 1%, 3% and 5% melatonin gel IR + MT 1%; IR + MT 3%, and IR + MT 5%, respectively).
- FIG. 6 Comparison between topical administration and intraperitoneal administration with respect to glutathione levels in rat tongue.
- the results of glutathione levels in control, irradiated and irradiated rats and treated with 3% w / v melatonin topically or 3% w / v intraperitoneally (ip) are shown.
- A Reduced Glutathione Levels (GSH); B, oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG); C, total glutathione levels (GT); D, and GSSG / GSH index in rat tongue mitochondria.
- FIG. 7 Activity and expression of GPx in the tongue of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- A GPx activity
- B Densitometry analysis of the "immunoblot"("westernblot") of the GPx
- C Image of the western blot of the GPx performed in tongue rats mitochondria of controls (C), irradiated (IR), treated with gel of 3% w / v melatonin topically in the oral cavity (IR + 3%), and treated with 3% w / v melatonin via ip (IR + IP).
- FIG. 8 Activity and expression of the GRd in rat tongue irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- A GRd activity
- B Densitometry analysis of the "immunoblot"("westernblot") of the GRd
- C Image of the western blot of the GRd performed in mitochondria of the tongue of control rats (C), irradiated (IR), treated with 3% w / v melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity (IR + 3%), and treated with 3% w / v melatonin via ip (IR + IP).
- FIG. 9 Activity of the Cl, Cll, Clll and CIV complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in tongue mitochondria in irradiated rats and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with intraperitoneal melatonin.
- A Complex I
- B complex II
- C complex III
- D complex IV.
- FIG. 10 Expression of the Cl, Clll, CIV and CV complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by western blotting in the tongue in rats irradiated and treated with 3% melatonin gel and with intraperitoneal melatonin.
- A Densitometry of the "immunoblot" bands corresponding to Complex I; B, to complex III; C, to complex IV; D, to the VE complex Image of the "immunoblot" corresponding to complexes I, III, IV and V.
- FIG. 11 Melatonin levels in mitochondria of the tongue of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- IR irradiated
- IR + IP irradiated rats treated with 3% melatonin p / v administered via ip
- FIG. 12 Macroscopic appearance of the rat tongue after treatment with the composition of the invention intraperitoneally. The macroscopic result of the irradiated rat tongue is shown, and treated with 3% w / v melatonin and intraperitoneally.
- FIG. 13 Expression of PGC-1a, NRF1 and TFAM by western blotting in tongue homogenate of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- A Densitometry of the "immunoblot" bands corresponding to PGC-1 a; B, to NRF1; C, to TFAM; D, image of the "immunoblot" corresponding to PGC-1 a, NRF1 and TFAM.
- FIG. 14 Expression of NFkB by western blotting in the tongue of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- A Densitometry of the "immunoblot" bands corresponding to NFkB in cytosol; B, to NFkB in core; C, image of the "immunoblot” corresponding to NFkB in cytosol and to NFkB in nucleus.
- FIG. 15 Expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase 1 by western blotting in tongue homogenate of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- FIG. 16 Expression of IL-1 and TNF- ⁇ by western blotting in tongue homogenate of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- FIG. 17 Expression of P53, Bax and Bcl2 by western blotting in tongue homogenate of rats irradiated and treated with melatonin gel topically in the oral cavity and with melatonin intraperitoneally.
- composition of the invention was administered to experimental animals by different routes of administration and experiments were also performed with human patients.
- the composition employed was a hydrogel (gel) comprising 1%, 3% or 5% melatonin (1, 3 or 5 grams of melatonin in 100 ml of the final volume of the composition respectively ) and in which 20% polyethylene and polypropylene copolymers were used as the gelling substance.
- Pluronic® F127, (poloxamer) was used as polyethylene and polypropylene copolymers.
- Sodium benzoate was used as a 0.3% preservative. 0.5% sweet orange essence was used.
- mice As experimental animals, rats weighing 280 g were used, which underwent, under controlled conditions, ionizing radiation in the Experimental Radiology Unit of the Biomedical Research Center of the University of Granada. The animals were subjected to a total exposure of 50 grays (Gy). The irradiation dose used each day was 10 Gy that are administered at 100.75 cGy / min, 210 kilovolts (kV) and 12 milliamps (mA), and placing the animal at a distance of 40 cm from the source of radiation.
- kV kilovolts
- mA milliamps
- the application of the different formulations in the animals was carried out as follows. A topical application in the oral cavity before irradiation, another after, and other successive every 8 hours for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed 21 days after the start of irradiation, which is when the maximum degree of mucositis was observed in irradiated animals without treatment with melatonin.
- the formulations used in the experimental animals were the following: pluronic gel F-127 with 1%, 3% or 5% melatonin (1, 3 or 5 grams of melatonin / 100 ml respectively), applied three times day topically in the oral cavity at a volume of 500 ⁇ / each time, which makes a total of 1.5 ml / day.
- Topical application in the oral cavity means that the animals ingest the gel that is applied in the oral cavity. They also performed the experiments, administering to the animals the same concentration of melatonin as that used with the 3% w / v hydrogel, but intraperitoneally, to check if plasma melatonin could reduce mucositis or if the application of said molecule is necessary topically
- an isotonic solution was used comprising 70% v / v (volume / volume) of isotonic saline solution, and 30% v / v propylene glycol, measured in relation to the total volume of the solution.
- a daily dose of 45 mg of melatonin was injected for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed 21 days after the onset of irradiation, as were the animals treated with the melatonin gel applied topically to the oral cavity.
- a very important mechanism by which oxygen free radicals are capable of producing cellular damage is through the lipid peroxidation of their membranes, both cellular and mitochondrial. Lipoperoxidation is produced due to the action of free radicals on polyunsaturated fatty acids. These changes in the structure of the cell membrane cause changes in its physicochemical properties, with an increase in its permeability and progressive loss of its functions, which can lead to the subsequent cell death. The measurement of the degree of lipoperoxidation of the membranes has always been considered a very important parameter as an indicator of oxidative stress.
- the lipid peroxidation index is provided by the quantification of malonyldialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal (MDA + 4-HDA) present in the sample, which are important decomposition products of peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids and their esters related.
- MDA + 4-HDA malonyldialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal
- concentrations of malonyldialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal, as well as the concentration of hydroperoxides provide a convenient index of lipid peroxidation.
- GRd -Glutation reductase
- the index obtained from the ratio between oxidized / reduced glutathione (GSSG / GSH) is also an important index of the redox status assessment.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with an increase in free radical production, is responsible for cell death. Therefore, measure the activity of respiratory transport chain complexes (I, II, III and IV) and the expression of the complexes is essential to know the degree of mitochondrial damage.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- PTM mitochondrial transition pore
- NLRP3 apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain
- ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain
- NF-kB nuclear factor kappa B
- TLR Toll-like-receptors
- NLRs NOD-like cytosolic receptors
- NLRs NF-kB and NLRP3 work together to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as I L-1 ⁇ .
- this cytokine can induce mitochondrial damage and increase the production of ROS, which induce mitochondrial DNA damage (mtDNA) and PTM opening, causing apoptosis.
- NF-kB activates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in the inflammatory response such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( ⁇ NOS) and vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1). Therefore, irradiation causes an increase in pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to apoptosis and, therefore, to the appearance of mucositis.
- COX-2 cyclooxygenase 2
- ⁇ NOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
- VCAM-1 vascular adhesion molecules
- Proteins that regulate apoptosis are grouped into antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), and proapoptotic proteins such as Bax. Therefore, the Bax / Bcl2 index is an extremely important index since it directly reflects the level of apoptosis.
- the p53 protein activates DNA repair enzymes to correct the damage detected. Entry into apoptosis is the last protective mechanism, if the DNA damage is irreparable, to prevent the proliferation of cells that contain abnormal DNA. p53 activates the expression of pro-apoptosis genes, such as BAX.
- Oxidative stress caused by radiation causes damage to cell membranes, which is reflected in an increase in membrane lipid oxidation greater than 50% compared to the control ( Figure 1, p ⁇ 0.001). This damage indicates that radiation damages these tissues causing mucositis.
- 3% melatonin completely reverses the effects of radiation therapy, while 1% melatonin only partially reverses the levels of LPO.
- a concentration of melatonin greater than 3%, such as 5% we observe that it has the same effects as 3% to counteract oxidative stress (Figure 1).
- Irradiation also produces a very significant decrease in GSH levels (p ⁇ 0.001) ( Figure 3A), while the GSSG levels rise (p ⁇ 0.001) ( Figure 3B) in the mitochondria of the tongue, causing an increase in total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) ( Figure 3C).
- GSH + GSSG total glutathione
- Figure 3C The increase in the GSS / GSH ratio (p ⁇ 0.001) ( Figure 3D), which is the best index of intracellular oxidative stress and, in our case, intramitochondrial, supports this harmful effect of irradiation.
- the minimum effective dose for the treatment of mucositis corresponds to a concentration of 3% melatonin in the gel applied three times a day (500 ⁇ in each application), resulting in a daily dose of 45 mg of melatonin .
- melatonin gel was compared topically in the oral cavity and administration of melatonin intraperitoneally (ip) at the same dose (45 mg daily).
- Mitochondrial glutathione reductase (Figure 8) follows a completely different course. It is an enzyme easily inhibited by oxidative stress, and therefore its activity (Figure 8A) and expression ( Figure 8B and 8C) decrease significantly with irradiation. Protein expression studies are carried out by means of "western blot" (8C), and in the densitometry analyzes of these western ones, a decrease in the amount of protein with irradiation is observed, indicating an inhibition of the expression of said enzyme. . We observed a significant effect of melatonin gel to recover the activity and expression of GRd, while the ip administration of melatonin fails to recover the enzyme. If GRd remains inhibited, the mitochondrion is unable to counteract oxidative damage and favors cell death.
- melatonin gel neutralizes oxidative stress, increases the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, increases mitochondrial function, reduces the production of free radicals, decreasing the activity of NFkB (Fig 14A and 14B) and of the inflamasome (Fig 15).
- 3% melatonin gel inhibits apoptosis significantly (Fig 17D), decreasing apoptosis inducing proteins such as P53 and Bax (Fig 17A and 17B), and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2 (Fig 17C).
- melatonin gel increases mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing PGC1 a, which is inhibited by irradiation. All this translates into an increase in cell survival.
- the levels of melatonin are recovered, which favors its local antioxidant action.
- parenteral administration of melatonin their tongue levels are not recovered.
- the histology also shows macroscopic lesions.
- the staining used has been hematoxylin-eosin, to determine the presence of histological lesions in the tissues studied.
- Masson Goldner trichrome staining (TCMG) allowed to differentiate muscle tissue, which is stained red, from the connective tissue that makes it green. In the control animal without treatment, the histological structure of the tongue does not present alterations. Keratinized polystratified epithelium of the mucosa is maintained with presence of filiform papillae in the dorsal area and without them in the ventral area. Under the mucosa, is the lamina limbalium and the submucosa formed by a small layer of connective tissue and some vessels.
- melatonin can protect the gastrointestinal mucosa undergoing radiotherapy, prevent lesions caused by such radiation as mucositis and cure these lesions, being topical administration more effective than parenteral administration.
- the importance of these actions of melatonin lies in a reduction of mitochondrial damage, which translates into a total prevention of mucositis, not observing any type of lesion in rats treated at the macroscopic level, or at the microscopic level.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising 1% melatonin does not reverse the mucositis caused by radiotherapy. However, the pharmaceutical composition comprising 3% melatonin completely reverses the mucositis produced by radiotherapy, the same as with the composition comprising 5% melatonin.
- These results demonstrate the usefulness of a composition comprising melatonin between 3 and 5% in the treatment of the side effects of mucositis caused by radiotherapy.
- the results shown here show that in the mucositis there is a mitochondrial damage and, therefore, the success of this treatment lies in the oral application of a melatonin gel that permeates the mucous membranes and reverses the mitochondrial damage.
- any other type of melatonin application does not have a clear effect on mucositis, probably because melatonin is rapidly absorbed, has a very short half-life (30 min), and does not reach sufficient therapeutic levels in the mucous membranes, both of the oral cavity like those of the gastro-intestinal tract.
- the composition of the invention comprising pluronic gel F-127 and melatonin at a concentration of 3% or higher, impregnates the mucous membranes reaching effective local concentrations, allowing melatonin to enter the mitochondria and exert its effects throughout the gastro-intestinal tract.
- Mitochondria play an important role in the control of cell survival, and we have demonstrated for the first time that their dysfunction is largely involved in the pathophysiology of mucositis (see results). Mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with an aggravation of mucositis.
- GPx glutathione peroxidase
- GRd glutathione reductase
- GSH reduced glutathione
- melatonin at the concentration containing the composition of the invention totally reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress in mucositis by increasing the activity of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, mainly GRd.
- mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes mainly GRd.
- respiratory chain complexes which are inhibited in mucositis.
- the composition of the invention has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that compositions with a lower concentration do not have.
- the topical and oral application of melatonin between 3 and 5% (3 and 5 grams of melatonin in 100 ml of the final composition) prevents the deterioration of the cellular function of the mucous membranes damaged by ionizing radiation.
- topical application in the oral cavity by means of melatonin gel in mucositis is more effective than parenteral administration, which could be due to the fact that the application in the oral cavity in the appropriate formulation keeps the melatonin levels higher for longer time in the oral cavity (and by extension, gastrointestinal), which facilitates its local antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and, fundamentally, its action within the mitochondrion preventing tissue damage and, therefore, the appearance of mucositis. Therefore, the topical application of melatonin between 3% and 5%, in the oral cavity, provides a powerful defense system in these pathologies.
- the composition of the invention allows to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa undergoing radiotherapy, prevent injuries caused by said radiation such as mucositis and cure said lesions. The results obtained are extrapolated to chemotherapy.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES12842668.1T ES2647316T3 (es) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Uso de melatonina para tratar y/o prevenir mucositis |
SI201231131T SI2702992T1 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Use of melatonin for the treatment and / or prevention of mucositis |
EP12842668.1A EP2702992B1 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Use of melatonin for treating and/or preventing mucositis |
AU2012324752A AU2012324752B2 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Use of melatonin for treating and/or preventing mucositis |
US14/352,617 US8962673B2 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Use of melatonin for treating and/or preventing mucositis |
DK12842668.1T DK2702992T3 (da) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Anvendelse af melatonin til behandling af og/eller forebyggelse af mucositis |
CN201280056818.4A CN103945843B (zh) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | 褪黑素用于治疗和/或预防粘膜炎的用途 |
RU2014119858/15A RU2600446C2 (ru) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Применение мелатонина для лечения и/или предотвращения мукозита |
NO12842668A NO2702992T3 (es) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | |
JP2014536301A JP6038933B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | 粘膜炎の治療および/または予防のためのメラトニンの使用 |
RS20171163A RS56568B1 (sr) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Upotreba melatonina za lečenje i/ili prevenciju mokozitisa |
MX2014004631A MX342976B (es) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento y/o prevencion de la mucositis. |
LTEP12842668.1T LT2702992T (lt) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Melatonino naudojimas mukozito gydymui ir (arba) prevencijai |
PL12842668T PL2702992T3 (pl) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Zastosowanie melatoniny do leczenia i/lub zapobiegania zapalenia śluzówki |
CA2851754A CA2851754C (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Use of melatonin for treating and/or preventing mucositis |
BR112014009456-0A BR112014009456B1 (pt) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | uso de melatonina para o tratamento e/ou prevenção de mucosite |
HRP20171698TT HRP20171698T1 (hr) | 2011-10-19 | 2017-11-06 | Upotreba melatonina u liječenju i/ili sprječavanju mukozitisa |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP201101158 | 2011-10-19 | ||
ES201101158A ES2384798B1 (es) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento y/o prevención de la mucositis. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013057354A1 true WO2013057354A1 (es) | 2013-04-25 |
Family
ID=46319983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2012/070728 WO2013057354A1 (es) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-18 | Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento y/o prevención de la mucositis |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8962673B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2702992B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP6038933B2 (es) |
CN (1) | CN103945843B (es) |
AU (1) | AU2012324752B2 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112014009456B1 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2851754C (es) |
DK (1) | DK2702992T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2384798B1 (es) |
HR (1) | HRP20171698T1 (es) |
HU (1) | HUE035867T2 (es) |
LT (1) | LT2702992T (es) |
MX (1) | MX342976B (es) |
NO (1) | NO2702992T3 (es) |
PL (1) | PL2702992T3 (es) |
PT (1) | PT2702992T (es) |
RS (1) | RS56568B1 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2600446C2 (es) |
SI (1) | SI2702992T1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2013057354A1 (es) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021067668A (ja) * | 2014-11-11 | 2021-04-30 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | 眼疾患を有する対象の治療に有用なバイオマーカー |
WO2024020553A3 (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-03-21 | Celmatix Inc. | Compositions and methods for peripheral targeting of melatonin receptor agonist |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2974725A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-20 | Luca D'Alfonso | Pharmaceutical composition |
WO2016142341A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | Repoceuticals Aps | Melatonin for preventing and treating radiation vaginitis and proctitis |
WO2016146573A1 (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-22 | Repoceuticals Aps | Melatonin for preventing and treating radiation cystitis |
ITUA20164065A1 (it) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-01 | Probiotical Spa | Composizioni in gel per applicazioni topiche a base di batteri, preparazione delle stesse e loro usi. |
ES2684408B1 (es) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-07-09 | Univ Granada | Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento de tumores |
JP2021534190A (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-12-09 | パーペチュウム ベンチャーズ エヌブイPerpetuum Ventures Nv | スルフォラファン−メラトニン様化合物 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997006779A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-02-27 | Kistler Gonzague S | Protection from ultraviolet (uv) radiation-induced skin damage by topical treatment with melatonin (n-acetyl-5-metroxytryptamine) |
FR2754454B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-11-27 | Oreal | Utilisation d'au moins un glycol comme agent de solubilisation de la melatonine dans l'eau et compositions obtenues |
FR2795323B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-23 | 2001-11-16 | Adir | Utilisation de ligands melatoninergiques pour l'obtention de compositions pharmaceutiques destinees a la prevention ou au traitement des pathologies du systeme gastrointestinal |
AU2002341566A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-04-01 | Mucosal Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment and prevention of mucositis in cancer patients |
US20050222250A1 (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2005-10-06 | Mohiaddin Rezvani | Curcumin for the prevention and/or treatment of tissue damage |
ITLO20060004A1 (it) | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-09 | River Pharma Srl | "lapille" e una nuova invenzione avente per oggetto una nuova combinazione chimica stabile per uso cosmetico e farmaceutico contenente come ingredienti attivi l'acido alfa-lipoico ed il dimetilsulfossido, in grado di migliorare l'assorbimento, la bio |
EP2143451A1 (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-13 | Nobel Biocare Services AG | Bone implant application |
WO2010062153A1 (es) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-03 | GARCÍA PÉREZ, Miguel, Ángel | Composiciones farmacéuticas que contienen melatonina para tratar quemadura en tejidos y órganos internos causadas por sustancias corrosivas |
CA2758746A1 (en) | 2009-04-14 | 2010-10-21 | Medortus (Uk) Ltd. | Gel compositions for administration of pharmaceutically active compounds |
US20110237563A1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Dominique Costantini | Fast dissolving drug delivery systems |
-
2011
- 2011-10-19 ES ES201101158A patent/ES2384798B1/es active Active
-
2012
- 2012-10-18 CN CN201280056818.4A patent/CN103945843B/zh active Active
- 2012-10-18 NO NO12842668A patent/NO2702992T3/no unknown
- 2012-10-18 RU RU2014119858/15A patent/RU2600446C2/ru active
- 2012-10-18 EP EP12842668.1A patent/EP2702992B1/en active Active
- 2012-10-18 MX MX2014004631A patent/MX342976B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-10-18 SI SI201231131T patent/SI2702992T1/en unknown
- 2012-10-18 JP JP2014536301A patent/JP6038933B2/ja active Active
- 2012-10-18 PT PT128426681T patent/PT2702992T/pt unknown
- 2012-10-18 AU AU2012324752A patent/AU2012324752B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-18 ES ES12842668.1T patent/ES2647316T3/es active Active
- 2012-10-18 HU HUE12842668A patent/HUE035867T2/en unknown
- 2012-10-18 WO PCT/ES2012/070728 patent/WO2013057354A1/es active Application Filing
- 2012-10-18 CA CA2851754A patent/CA2851754C/en active Active
- 2012-10-18 PL PL12842668T patent/PL2702992T3/pl unknown
- 2012-10-18 LT LTEP12842668.1T patent/LT2702992T/lt unknown
- 2012-10-18 DK DK12842668.1T patent/DK2702992T3/da active
- 2012-10-18 RS RS20171163A patent/RS56568B1/sr unknown
- 2012-10-18 BR BR112014009456-0A patent/BR112014009456B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-10-18 US US14/352,617 patent/US8962673B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-11-06 HR HRP20171698TT patent/HRP20171698T1/hr unknown
Non-Patent Citations (17)
Title |
---|
ACUNA-CASTROVIEJO ET AL., CURR TOP MED CHEM, vol. 11, no. 2, 2010, pages 221 - 240 |
CLARKSON JE ET AL., COCHRANE DATABASE SYST REV., vol. 4, no. 8, August 2010 (2010-08-01) |
ESCAMES G ET AL., HUM GENET, July 2011 (2011-07-01) |
HERRSTEDT J. ET AL: "Prevention and management of mucositis in patients with cancer", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, vol. 16, 2000, pages 161 - 163, XP001033405 * |
KASTNER DL ET AL., EUR J IMMUNOL., vol. 40, 2010, pages 611 - 615 |
LATZ E, CURR. OPIN. IMMUNOL, vol. 22, 2010, pages 28 - 33 |
LISSONI, P. ET AL.: "Decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of cancer chemotherapy using the pineal hormone melatonin in metastatic solid tumour patients with poor clinical status", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER, vol. 35, no. 12, 1999, pages 1688 - 1692, XP027368394 * |
OZTURK, A.S. ET AL.: "Histopathological evaluation of the effects of melatonin as a protectant against oropharyngeal mucositis induced by radiation therapy in a pinealectomy model in rats", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 2, 2009, pages 88 - 94, XP003031134 * |
PAREDES SD ET AL., J EXP BOT, vol. 60, no. 1, pages 57 - 69 |
PLEVOVA, P. ET AL.: "Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a review", ORAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 35, 1999, pages 453 - 470, XP004286621 * |
SCHRODER K ET AL., CELL, vol. 140, 2010, pages 821 - 832 |
See also references of EP2702992A4 |
TROTTI A ET AL., RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY, vol. 66, 2003, pages 253 - 262 |
VOLPATO LE ET AL., MOL CANCER THER, vol. 6, 2007, pages 3122 - 3130 |
WORTHINGTON HV ET AL., COCHRANE DATABASE SYST REV., vol. 17, no. 4, October 2007 (2007-10-01) |
YEAGER, R.L. ET AL.: "Melatonin as a principal component of red light therapy", MEDICAL HYPOTHESES, vol. 69, no. 2, 2007, pages 372 - 376, XP022096186 * |
ZHOU R ET AL., NATURE, vol. 469, 2011, pages 221 - 226 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021067668A (ja) * | 2014-11-11 | 2021-04-30 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | 眼疾患を有する対象の治療に有用なバイオマーカー |
JP7018470B2 (ja) | 2014-11-11 | 2022-02-10 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | 眼疾患を有する対象の治療に有用なバイオマーカー |
US11268964B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2022-03-08 | The Johns Hopkins University | Biomarkers useful in the treatment of subjects having diseases of the eye |
WO2024020553A3 (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-03-21 | Celmatix Inc. | Compositions and methods for peripheral targeting of melatonin receptor agonist |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014530844A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
RS56568B1 (sr) | 2018-02-28 |
EP2702992B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
RU2014119858A (ru) | 2015-11-27 |
AU2012324752B2 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CA2851754C (en) | 2019-03-05 |
ES2384798B1 (es) | 2013-06-04 |
CN103945843A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
RU2600446C2 (ru) | 2016-10-20 |
DK2702992T3 (da) | 2017-11-20 |
AU2012324752A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
BR112014009456A2 (pt) | 2017-04-25 |
EP2702992A4 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
LT2702992T (lt) | 2017-11-27 |
CN103945843B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
EP2702992A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
PL2702992T3 (pl) | 2018-02-28 |
JP6038933B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 |
MX2014004631A (es) | 2015-04-14 |
CA2851754A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
PT2702992T (pt) | 2017-11-30 |
US8962673B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
US20140243384A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
MX342976B (es) | 2016-10-19 |
NO2702992T3 (es) | 2018-02-24 |
SI2702992T1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
ES2647316T3 (es) | 2017-12-20 |
HRP20171698T1 (hr) | 2017-12-29 |
HUE035867T2 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
BR112014009456B1 (pt) | 2020-06-30 |
ES2384798A1 (es) | 2012-07-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ES2647316T3 (es) | Uso de melatonina para tratar y/o prevenir mucositis | |
US20230031519A1 (en) | Composition comprising melatonin or its derivatives with coenzyme q10 and use thereof against ageing of the skin | |
ES2405323T3 (es) | Tratamiento de melanoma | |
ES2707775T3 (es) | Composición que contiene hesperidina | |
EP2956131B1 (en) | Treatment of klebsiella pneumoniae with liposomally formulated glutathione | |
KR20190053215A (ko) | 약물 전달을 위한 침투 증진제를 함유하는 조성물 | |
ES2783879T3 (es) | Dimetilaminomiqueliolida para su uso en el tratamiento de fibrosis pulmonar | |
ES2784557T3 (es) | Formulaciones acuosas estables que comprenden unos principios activos poco solubles en agua | |
JP2023518084A (ja) | 高透過性薬物を含む医薬組成物の安定性を改善する方法、及びそれにより得られる医薬組成物 | |
ES2684408B1 (es) | Uso de melatonina para el tratamiento de tumores | |
ES2692663T3 (es) | Método y composición farmacéutica mejorada para mejorar la entrega transdérmica del inhibidor PDE-5 | |
ES2387440B2 (es) | Formulaciones topicas de anfotericina b y metodo de obtencion | |
CA3240171A1 (en) | A formulation for an effective oral administration of ciclopirox with no adversal gasterointestinal toxicity | |
BR112021003794A2 (pt) | composto semelhante a melatonina-sulforafano |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12842668 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012842668 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2851754 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/A/2014/004631 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14352617 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014536301 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012324752 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20121018 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014119858 Country of ref document: RU Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112014009456 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112014009456 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20140417 |