WO2013056615A1 - 一种起重机底盘驱动系统、底盘和起重机 - Google Patents

一种起重机底盘驱动系统、底盘和起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013056615A1
WO2013056615A1 PCT/CN2012/081927 CN2012081927W WO2013056615A1 WO 2013056615 A1 WO2013056615 A1 WO 2013056615A1 CN 2012081927 W CN2012081927 W CN 2012081927W WO 2013056615 A1 WO2013056615 A1 WO 2013056615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
drive
crane
driving
chassis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/081927
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
詹纯新
刘权
王启涛
刘学俭
王文佳
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013056615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013056615A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/10—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of fluid gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/416—Cranes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of machinery, and in particular to a crane chassis driving technology. Background technique
  • the crane chassis generally uses mechanical equipment to drive the drive axle.
  • the engine ⁇ transmits power to the front drive axle 61 through the clutch 2', the gearbox 3', the transmission shaft 4', and the transfer case 5'.
  • rear drive axle 62' For multi-axle cranes, especially those with more than eight axles, according to the current technology, the front and rear drive axles can only achieve two linkages and three linkages at most, for example, the front drive axle 61, the triple linkage, the rear axle 62 , for two linkages.
  • the wheels driven by some of the drive axles may slip due to the number of drive axles that can be driven, thus reducing the driving dynamics of the crane, especially in the case of heavy loads. Insufficient driving force can seriously affect the speed of the crane and even make the crane unable to move.
  • the present invention proposes a crane chassis drive system, a chassis and a crane for improving the driving force of the crane chassis drive system.
  • the crane chassis driving system of the present invention comprises at least one mechanical drive axle and a mechanical drive device for driving each mechanical drive axle, and further comprises at least one hydraulic drive axle, and hydraulic pressure connecting each hydraulic drive axle and driving each hydraulic drive axle Drive unit.
  • the crane chassis driving system proposed by the invention increases the load capacity and power of the crane chassis driving system by increasing the hydraulic driving device, and improves the moving speed.
  • the mechanical drive device includes a first engine, a clutch, a gearbox, a first drive shaft, and a first transfer case, wherein the first engine drives the respective mechanical drive axles through the transmission of the clutch, the gearbox, the first transmission shaft and the first transfer case;
  • the hydraulic drive device comprises a hydraulic pump, and at least one hydraulic motor, the hydraulic pump is driven by the first transfer case, the first transmission shaft, the gearbox or the first engine, and the hydraulic pump drives the respective hydraulic motors.
  • a hydraulic motor is used to drive each hydraulic drive axle; or
  • This design uses a mechanical drive as the primary power system, while the hydraulic drive acts as an auxiliary power system to provide more power to the crane.
  • the hydraulic drive device comprises: a second engine, a hydraulic pump, and at least one hydraulic motor, the second engine drives a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump drives each hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is used to drive each hydraulic drive axle .
  • the mechanical drive unit and the hydraulic drive unit can work independently and complement each other, improving the driving force of the crane.
  • a clutch or synchronizer for connecting and disconnecting is provided between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic drive axle; or a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic drive axle.
  • the hydraulic drive device further includes: a second transfer case and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drives each hydraulic drive bridge through the second transfer case; or
  • a second transfer case and at least two hydraulic motors wherein one hydraulic motor drives a plurality of hydraulic drive axles through the second transfer case, and the remaining hydraulic motors respectively drive one hydraulic drive axle; or at least two second transfer cases and At least two hydraulic motors, the number of second transfer cases being equal to or less than the number of hydraulic motors, wherein at least some of the hydraulic motors drive the plurality of hydraulic drive axles through the second transfer case.
  • a hydraulic motor can further drive multiple hydraulic drive axles through the second transfer case to provide more power source.
  • the hydraulic motor is coupled to the first transfer case or at least one mechanical drive axle. This design allows the mechanical drive axle to be driven by a hydraulic motor.
  • the number of the at least one hydraulic drive axle is two or more, one of which is a front hydraulic drive axle and the other is a rear hydraulic drive axle; and/or
  • the number of mechanical drive axles is two or more, some of which are front mechanical drive axles and the other part is rear mechanical drive axles.
  • the front mechanical drive axle and the rear mechanical drive axle can be respectively driven by the mechanical drive device, so that the mechanical drive axles are distributed on the crane chassis according to requirements, and the front hydraulic drive axle and the rear hydraulic drive axle can also be respectively driven by the hydraulic drive device to make the hydraulic drive
  • the bridge is supplementally distributed on the crane chassis according to specific needs.
  • the crane chassis driving technology proposed by the invention adds a hydraulic driving device to the original mechanical driving device of the crane chassis, and drives the hydraulic motor to drive more driving bridges through the hydraulic system, thereby effectively improving the crane chassis driving system.
  • Driving driving force reduces the driving force caused by heavy load or wheel slip, which improves the load driving ability of the crane.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the components of the mechanical drive device of the conventional crane chassis
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the first mechanical drive device and the hydraulic drive device components according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the second mechanical driving device and the hydraulic driving device components according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the third mechanical driving device and the hydraulic driving device components according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a fourth mechanical drive device and a hydraulic drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of connection structure of parts
  • the embodiment of the invention solves the problem of insufficient driving force under heavy load of the crane.
  • an independent hydraulic driving device is added, so that the crane converts from the original mode of providing power driving only by the mechanical driving device.
  • the dual-power mode of the mechanical drive unit and the hydraulic drive unit can provide the driving force to the crane at the same time as the mechanical drive unit, thereby improving the driving force of the crane.
  • the hydraulic drive device can be used to provide driving force to the crane, thereby improving the off-road driving capability and off-road performance of the crane chassis.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a crane chassis driving system according to an embodiment of the present invention, including at least one mechanical drive axle and a mechanical drive device 1 for driving each mechanical drive axle, further comprising at least one hydraulic drive axle, and a connection
  • Each hydraulic drive axle drives the hydraulic drive 2 of each hydraulic drive axle.
  • the number of mechanical transaxles and hydraulic drive axles can be set as needed and divided into front and rear drive axles. For example, in the example shown in Figure 2, there are a total of five mechanical drive axles, of which three are the front mechanical drive axles 161, the rear mechanical There are two drive axles 162. There are a total of three hydraulic drive axles, of which there are two front hydraulic drive axles 231 and one rear hydraulic drive axle 232.
  • the hydraulic drive axle and the mechanical drive axle are relatively independent, can work independently under the driving of the hydraulic drive device 2, and provide driving force to the crane, thereby greatly improving the driving of the crane. force.
  • the hydraulic drive axle can also work independently, thereby improving the off-road driving capability and off-road performance of the crane chassis.
  • the mechanical driving device 1 may include: a first engine 11, a clutch 12, a gearbox 13, a first transmission shaft 141, and a first transfer case 151, and the first engine 11 passes through the clutch 12 in sequence.
  • the transmission of the gearbox 13, the first transmission shaft 141 and the first transfer case 151 drives the respective mechanical drive axles to operate.
  • the power source is the engine 11, wherein the first transmission shaft 141 and the first transfer case 151 are final power output devices, respectively, which can be connected to the mechanical drive axle, and drive the crane by driving the mechanical drive axle The march.
  • the hydraulic driving device 2 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a hydraulic pump 21, and at least one hydraulic motor 22, which can be driven by power in a mechanical driving device, for example, the hydraulic pump 21 is A transfer case 151, a first drive shaft 141, a gearbox 13 or a first engine 11 are driven, and the hydraulic pump 21 further drives the respective hydraulic motors 22 for driving each of the hydraulic drive axles 23.
  • a mechanical driving device for example, the hydraulic pump 21 is A transfer case 151, a first drive shaft 141, a gearbox 13 or a first engine 11 are driven, and the hydraulic pump 21 further drives the respective hydraulic motors 22 for driving each of the hydraulic drive axles 23.
  • An example in which the hydraulic pump 21 is driven by the first transfer case 151 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • An example in which the hydraulic pump 21 is driven by the transmission case 13 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the hydraulic pump 21 is driven by the first engine 11 and the first transmission shaft 141. The example is similar.
  • the number of the hydraulic motors 22 may be set one by one according to the number of the hydraulic drive axles 23, or the hydraulic motor 22 may be driven by the transfer case to drive a plurality of hydraulic drive axles, for example, a hydraulic motor 22 in FIG.
  • the second transfer case 152 disposed between the two front hydraulic drive axles 231 expands the number of hydraulic drive axles 23 that can be driven by a single hydraulic motor 22.
  • the second transfer case 152 can also be comprised of multiple hydraulic pressures.
  • the motor 22 is driven at the same time.
  • the second transfer case 152 may be provided with one or more, wherein a part of the hydraulic motor 22 may drive a plurality of hydraulic drive axles through the second transfer case 152, and a part of the hydraulic motor 22 may directly drive one
  • the hydraulic drive axle is set according to the specific needs of the crane chassis.
  • the first transfer case 151 is connected to the hydraulic pump 21, so that the first engine 11 in the mechanical drive unit 1 can simultaneously pass through the first transfer case 151 to the hydraulic drive unit 2 and the machine.
  • the driving device 1 is powered; in the specific example shown in FIG. 4, the gearbox 13 can also power the hydraulic pump 21 by the operation of the internal gear; when the hydraulic pump 21 is directly connected to the first engine 11, the first engine is passed. 11 can directly power the hydraulic pump 21.
  • the principle of powering the hydraulic pump 21 using the first transmission shaft 141 is similar.
  • the hydraulic drive unit 2 can also adopt an independent power source.
  • the hydraulic drive unit 2 includes: a second engine 24, a hydraulic pump 21, and at least one hydraulic motor 22, and the second engine 24 drives the hydraulic pump 21, hydraulic
  • the pump 21 drives various hydraulic motors 22 for driving each of the hydraulic drive axles.
  • the hydraulic pump 21 is separately powered by a separate second engine 24, which increases the driving force of the overall crane.
  • a clutch or a synchronizer for connecting and disconnecting may be provided between the hydraulic motor 22 and the hydraulic drive axle, and the hydraulic motor 22 and the hydraulic drive axle are realized by the connection and disconnection of the clutch.
  • the closing and opening of the transmission is such that when the crane needs to travel at a high speed, the hydraulic motor 22 can be disengaged from the hydraulic drive axle, which is equivalent to reducing the braking effect of the hydraulic motor 22 on the crane, and only the mechanical drive device 1 is used to power the crane.
  • the hydraulic motor 22 and the hydraulic drive axle can also be splined, and the drive can be closed and opened as well.
  • the hydraulic motor 22 since the connection mode of the hydraulic motor 22 is movable, the hydraulic motor 22 can also be connected to the first transfer case 151 or at least one mechanical drive bridge, further improving the mechanical drive by the hydraulic motor 22 when the mechanical drive system fails. bridge.
  • the first transfer case 151 can also drive the mechanical drive axle through the drive shaft.
  • the first transfer case 151 can also drive the two rear mechanical drive axles through the second drive shaft 142 to increase the driven mechanical drive axle. quantity.
  • the number of hydraulic drive axles is generally two or more, and is divided into front and rear drive axles, as shown in Figure 2, part of which is the front hydraulic drive axle 231, and the other part is the rear hydraulic drive axle 232;
  • the number of mechanical drive axles is generally two or more, and is divided into front and rear drive axles, as shown in Fig. 2, some of which are front mechanical drive axles 161 and the other part is rear mechanical drive axles 162.
  • the mechanical drive unit 1 drives five mechanical drive axles
  • the five mechanical drive axles can be divided into a set of front mechanical drive axles 161 and a set of rear mechanical drive axles 162, the specific number of each group being The requirements are set.
  • the hydraulic motor 22 connected by the hydraulic pump 21 drives a plurality of hydraulic drive axles
  • the hydraulic drive unit 2 can drive three hydraulic drive axles, and the three hydraulic drive axles can also be divided into two groups. For example, a front hydraulic drive axle 231, two rear hydraulic drive axles 232.
  • the mechanical drive axle and the hydraulic drive axle are respectively divided into two groups, which can make the hydraulic drive device 2 arrange the corresponding hydraulic drive axle according to the specific requirements of the crane chassis, so that the driving force is uniformly distributed on the chassis as a whole, which can be more effective. Powering the crane's travel.
  • the crane chassis driving system proposed by the invention adds a hydraulic driving device to the original mechanical driving device, and drives the hydraulic motor to drive more driving bridges through the hydraulic system, thereby effectively improving the driving driving force of the crane chassis driving system. , to reduce the lack of driving force caused by heavy load or wheel slip, improve the load driving ability of the crane.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a chassis including the above-described crane chassis drive system, and a crane including the chassis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种起重机底盘驱动系统，该系统包括至少一个机械驱动桥和驱动每一个机械驱动桥的机械驱动装置（1），还包括至少一个液压驱动桥，以及连接每一个液压驱动桥并驱动各个液压驱动桥的液压驱动装置（2）。还公开了包括该底盘驱动系统的底盘和包括该底盘的起重机。该起重机底盘驱动系统在原有的机械驱动装置的基础上增加了液压驱动装置，通过液压系统驱动液压马达带动更多的驱动桥运转，从而有效地提高起重机的行驶驱动力，减少因重载或车轮打滑而造成的驱动力不足的现象，提高了起重机的负载行驶能力。

Description

一种起重机底盘驱动系统、 底盘和起重机
技术领域
本发明涉及机械领域， 尤其是一种起重机底盘驱动技术。 背景技术
目前起重机底盘普遍采用机械设备对驱动桥进行驱动， 如图 1 所示， 发动机 Γ通过离合器 2'、 变速箱 3'、 传动轴 4'、 分动箱 5'将动力传送给前 驱动桥 61 '和后驱动桥 62'。 对于多轴的特别是八轴以上的起重机， 根据目 前的技术， 前、 后驱动桥最多只能做到两联动和三联动， 例如图示， 前驱 动桥 61，为三联动， 后驱动桥 62， 为两联动。 在不平整的路面上行驶时， 由 于受所能驱动的驱动桥数量的限制， 部分驱动桥所驱动的车轮可能会发生 打滑， 因此会降低起重机的行进动力， 尤其是有重负载的情况下， 驱动力 不足会严重影响起重机的行进速度， 甚至会使起重机无法移动。 在其它类 似的驱动系统中也存在同样的问题。 发明内容
为改进现有技术中存在的问题， 本发明提出一种起重机底盘驱动系统、 底盘和起重机， 用以提高起重机底盘驱动系统的驱动力。
本发明提出的起重机底盘驱动系统， 包括至少一个机械驱动桥和驱动 每一个机械驱动桥的机械驱动装置， 还包括至少一个液压驱动桥， 以及连 接每一个液压驱动桥并驱动各个液压驱动桥的液压驱动装置。
本发明提出的起重机底盘驱动系统， 通过增加液压驱动装置， 提高了 起重机底盘驱动系统的负载能力和动力， 提高了移动速度。
所述机械驱动装置包括第一发动机、 离合器、 变速箱、 第一传动轴和 第一分动箱， 所述第一发动机依次通过离合器、 变速箱、 第一传动轴和第 一分动箱的传动， 驱动各个机械驱动桥运转；
较佳的， 所述液压驱动装置包括液压泵， 以及至少一个液压马达， 所 述液压泵被第一分动箱、 第一传动轴、 变速箱或第一发动机驱动， 液压泵 驱动各个液压马达， 液压马达用于驱动每一个液压驱动桥； 或
此种设计是通过机械驱动装置作为主要的动力系统， 而液压驱动装置 作为辅助的动力系统来为起重机提供更多的动力。
较佳的， 所述液压驱动装置包括： 第二发动机、 液压泵， 和至少一个 液压马达， 所述第二发动机驱动液压泵， 液压泵驱动各个液压马达， 液压 马达用于驱动每一个液压驱动桥。
此种设计中机械驱动装置和液压驱动装置可以各自独立工作， 互为补 充， 提高了起重机的驱动力。
较佳的所述液压马达与所述液压驱动桥之间设有用于实现连接和断开 的离合器或同步器； 或者所述液压马达与所述液压驱动桥之间花键连接。
这样可以将液压马达和液压驱动桥分离， 目的是使得起重机在平整的 路面上行驶时， 使液压马达脱离液压驱动桥， 从而避免液压马达高速运转。
进一步， 所述液压驱动装置还包括： 一个第二分动箱和一个液压马达， 液压马达通过第二分动箱驱动每一个液压驱动桥； 或者
一个第二分动箱和至少两个液压马达， 其中一个液压马达通过第二分 动箱驱动多个液压驱动桥， 剩余液压马达分别驱动一个液压驱动桥； 或者 至少两个第二分动箱和至少两个液压马达， 第二分动箱的数量等于或 少于液压马达的数量， 其中至少有部分液压马达通过第二分动箱驱动多个 液压驱动桥。
一个液压马达通过第二分动箱， 可以进一步同时驱动多个液压驱动桥， 提供更多的动力源。
所述液压马达与第一分动箱或者至少一个机械驱动桥连接。 此种设计是可以通过液压马达对机械驱动桥进行驱动。
所述至少一个液压驱动桥的数量为两个或两个以上， 其中部分为前液 压驱动桥， 另一部分为后液压驱动桥； 和 /或
所述机械驱动桥的数量为两个或两个以上， 其中部分为前机械驱动桥， 另一部分为后机械驱动桥。
通过机械驱动装置可以分别驱动前机械驱动桥和后机械驱动桥， 使机 械驱动桥根据需求分布在起重机底盘上， 通过液压驱动装置也可以分别驱 动前液压驱动桥和后液压驱动桥， 使液压驱动桥根据具体需求补充分布在 起重机底盘上。
本发明提出的起重机底盘驱动技术， 在起重机底盘原有的机械驱动装 置的基础上增加了液压驱动装置， 通过液压系统驱动液压马达带动更多的 驱动桥运转， 从而有效的提高起重机底盘驱动系统的行驶驱动力， 减少因 重载或车轮打滑而造成的驱动力不足的现象， 提高了起重机的负载行驶能 力。 附图说明
为清楚描述本发明及其有益效果， 结合以下附图对实施例的进行详细 描述， 其中：
图 1是现有起重机底盘的机械驱动装置中各部件连接结构示意图； 图 2是本发明实施例提供的第一种机械驱动装置和液压驱动装置各部 件的连接结构示意图；
图 3是本发明实施例提供的第二种机械驱动装置和液压驱动装置各部 件的连接结构示意图；
图 4是本发明实施例提供的第三种机械驱动装置和液压驱动装置各部 件的连接结构示意图；
图 5是本发明实施例提供的第四种机械驱动装置和液压驱动装置各部 件的连接结构示意图 具体实施方式
本发明实施例为解决起重机重负载情况下驱动力不足的问题， 在起重 机底盘驱动系统中， 增加独立的液压驱动装置， 使起重机从原有的只依靠 机械驱动装置提供动力行驶的模式变换为依靠机械驱动装置和液压驱动装 置的双动力模式， 一方面可以和机械驱动装置同时对起重机提供驱动力， 提高了起重机的驱动力。 另一方面当起重机行驶在凹凸不平的路面时， 即 使部分机械驱动桥发生打滑， 也可以利用液压驱动装置为起重机提供驱动 力， 从而提高了起重机底盘的越野驱动能力和越野性能。
下面结合附图详细描述本发明的实施例， 所述实施例的示例在附图中 示出， 其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同 或类似功能的元件。 下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的， 仅用于 解释本发明， 而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中， 术语 "上部"、 "下部" "上方"、 "下方"等指示的 方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系， 仅是为了便于描述本 发明而不是要求本发明必须以特定的方位构造和操作， 因此不能理解为对 本发明的限制。
如图 2所示， 为本发明实施例提出的起重机底盘驱动系统的结构示意 图， 包括至少一个机械驱动桥和驱动每一个机械驱动桥的机械驱动装置 1， 还包括至少一个液压驱动桥， 以及连接每一个液压驱动桥并驱动各个液压 驱动桥的液压驱动装置 2。机械驱动桥和液压驱动桥的数量可以根据需要设 置， 并分为前后驱动桥， 例如在图 2所示的示例中， 机械驱动桥共计 5个， 其中前机械驱动桥 161有 3个， 后机械驱动桥 162有 2个。 液压驱动桥共 计 3个， 其中前液压驱动桥 231有 2个， 后液压驱动桥 232有 1个。
通过图 2所示的起重机底盘驱动系统结构示意图可以看到， 本发明实 施例提供的起重机底盘驱动系统中， 液压驱动桥和机械驱动桥是相对独立 的， 可以在液压驱动装置 2的驱动下独立工作， 同时对起重机提供驱动力， 因此， 大幅度提高了起重机的驱动力。 并且当机械驱动桥在不平路面上发 生打滑现象时， 液压驱动桥也能够独立工作， 从而提高了起重机底盘的越 野驱动能力和越野性能。
在本发明的一个具体示例中， 机械驱动装置 1 中可以包括： 第一发动 机 11、 离合器 12、 变速箱 13、 第一传动轴 141和第一分动箱 151， 第一发 动机 11依次通过离合器 12、变速箱 13、第一传动轴 141和第一分动箱 151 的传动， 驱动各个机械驱动桥运转。 机械驱动系统 1 中， 动力源是发动机 11， 其中， 第一传动轴 141和第一分动箱 151是最终的动力输出装置， 分 别可以和机械驱动桥连接， 并且通过驱动机械驱动桥来带动起重机的行进。
根据上述机械驱动装置的结构， 本发明实施例的液压驱动装置 2 中， 包括液压泵 21， 以及至少一个液压马达 22， 液压泵 21可以利用机械驱动 装置中的动力驱动， 例如液压泵 21被第一分动箱 151、 第一传动轴 141、 变速箱 13或第一发动机 11驱动， 液压泵 21进一步驱动各个液压马达 22， 液压马达 22用于驱动每一个液压驱动桥 23。 液压泵 21被第一分动箱 151 驱动的示例如图 3所示， 液压泵 21被变速箱 13驱动的示例如图 4所示， 液压泵 21被第一发动机 11和第一传动轴 141驱动的示例类似。
其中， 液压马达 22的数量可以根据液压驱动桥 23的数量一一对应设 置， 或者还可以通过分动箱实现一个液压马达 22驱动多个液压驱动桥的目 的， 例如图 2中在一个液压马达 22与两个前液压驱动桥 231之间设置的第 二分动箱 152， 扩展了单个液压马达 22所能驱动的液压驱动桥 23的数量， 当然， 第二分动箱 152也可以由多个液压马达 22同时驱动。 另外， 在一种 具体示例中， 第二分动箱 152可以设置一个或者多个， 其中部分液压马达 22可以通过第二分动箱 152驱动多个液压驱动桥，部分液压马达 22可以直 接驱动一个液压驱动桥， 根据起重机底盘的具体需求来设置。 在图 3所示具体示例中， 第一分动箱 151和液压泵 21连接， 这样， 机 械驱动装置 1中的第一发动机 11便可以通过第一分动箱 151同时向液压驱 动装置 2和机械驱动装置 1提供动力； 在图 4所示具体示例中， 变速箱 13 通过内部齿轮的运转， 也可以给液压泵 21提供动力； 当液压泵 21直接与 第一发动机 11连接时， 通过第一发动机 11便可以直接对液压泵 21提供动 力。 利用第一传动轴 141向液压泵 21提供动力的原理相似。
液压驱动装置 2也可以采用独立的动力源， 例如图 5所示， 液压驱动 装置 2包括： 第二发动机 24、 液压泵 21， 和至少一个液压马达 22， 第二发 动机 24驱动液压泵 21， 液压泵 21驱动各个液压马达 22， 液压马达 22用 于驱动每一个液压驱动桥。 采用独立的第二发动机 24单独对液压泵 21提 供动力， 可以增加整体起重机的驱动力。
在进一步改进的方案中， 液压马达 22与液压驱动桥之间还可以设有用 于实现连接和断开的离合器或同步器， 通过离合器的连接和断开， 液压马 达 22与液压驱动桥之间实现传动的闭合和开启， 目的在于当起重机需要高 速行驶时， 液压马达 22可以脱离液压驱动桥， 相当于减少了液压马达 22 对起重机行驶的制动作用， 只用机械驱动装置 1对起重机提供动力。
为实现同样的目的， 液压马达 22与液压驱动桥之间还可以花键连接， 同样可以实现传动的闭合和开启。 当然， 由于液压马达 22的连接方式是活 动的， 因此液压马达 22还可以与第一分动箱 151或者至少一个机械驱动桥 连接， 进一步提高在机械驱动系统失灵时， 利用液压马达 22驱动机械驱动 桥。
第一分动箱 151还可以通过传动轴驱动机械驱动桥， 例如图 4所示， 第一分动箱 151还可以通过第二传动轴 142驱动两个后机械驱动桥， 增加 驱动的机械驱动桥的数量。
液压驱动桥的数量一般为两个或两个以上， 并分为前后驱动桥， 如图 2 所示， 其中部分为前液压驱动桥 231， 另一部分为后液压驱动桥 232; 机械驱动桥的数量一般为两个或两个以上， 并分为前后驱动桥， 如图 2 所示， 其中部分为前机械驱动桥 161， 另一部分为后机械驱动桥 162。
一种常见示例中，机械驱动装置 1驱动 5个机械驱动桥， 5个机械驱动 桥可以分为一组前机械驱动桥 161和一组后机械驱动桥 162，每一组的具体 数量可以根据起重机的需求来设定。 在装配了液压驱动装置 2后， 通过液 压泵 21连接的液压马达 22驱动多个液压驱动桥， 液压驱动装置 2可以驱 动 3个液压驱动桥， 而 3个液压驱动桥也可以分为前后两组， 例如一个前 液压驱动桥 231， 两个后液压驱动桥 232。 将机械驱动桥和液压驱动桥分别 分为两组， 可以使液压驱动装置 2根据起重机底盘的具体需求来排布相应 的液压驱动桥， 使驱动力整体上均匀分布在底盘上， 可以更有效的为起重 机的行进提供动力。
本发明提出的起重机底盘驱动系统， 在原有的机械驱动装置的基础上 增加了液压驱动装置， 通过液压系统驱动液压马达带动更多的驱动桥运转， 从而有效的提高起重机底盘驱动系统的行驶驱动力， 减少因重载或车轮打 滑而造成的驱动力不足的现象， 提高了起重机的负载行驶能力。
本发明实施例还提供包括上述起重机底盘驱动系统的底盘， 以及包括 底盘的起重机。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 本领域的普通技术人员可以 理解： 在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下， 可以对这些实施例进行多 种变化、 修改、 替换和变型， 本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种起重机底盘驱动系统， 包括至少一个机械驱动桥和驱动每一个 机械驱动桥的机械驱动装置 (1)， 其特征在于， 还包括至少一个液压驱动桥， 以及连接每一个液压驱动桥并驱动各个液压驱动桥的液压驱动装置 (2)。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述机械 驱动装置 (1)包括： 第一发动机 (11)、 离合器 (12)、 变速箱 (13)、 第一传动轴 (141)和第一分动箱 (151)， 所述第一发动机 (11)依次通过离合器 (12)、 变速箱 (13)、 第一传动轴 (141)和第一分动箱 (151)的传动， 驱动各个机械驱动桥运 转。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述液压 驱动装置 (2)包括液压泵 (21)， 以及至少一个液压马达 (22)， 所述液压泵 (21) 被第一分动箱 (151)、 第一传动轴 (141)、 变速箱 (13)或第一发动机 (11)驱动， 液压泵 (21)驱动各个液压马达 (22)， 液压马达 (22)用于驱动每一个液压驱动 桥。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述液压 驱动装置 (2)包括： 第二发动机 (24)、 液压泵 (21)， 和至少一个液压马达 (22)， 所述第二发动机 (24)驱动液压泵 (21)， 液压泵 (21)驱动各个液压马达 (22)， 液 压马达 (22)用于驱动每一个液压驱动桥。
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述 液压马达 (22)与所驱动的液压驱动桥之间设有用于实现连接和断开的离合 器或同步器； 或者
所述液压马达 (22)与所驱动的液压驱动桥之间花键连接。
6、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 液压 马达 (22)的数量和液压驱动桥的数量相等， 每一个液压马达 (22)驱动一个液 压驱动桥。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述液压 马达 (22)与第一分动箱 (151)或者至少一个机械驱动桥连接。
8、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述 液压驱动装置 (2)还包括：
一个第二分动箱 (152)和一个液压马达 (22)， 液压马达 (22)通过第二分动 箱 (152)驱动每一个液压驱动桥； 或者
一个第二分动箱 (152)和至少两个液压马达 (22)， 其中一个液压马达 (22) 通过第二分动箱 (152)驱动多个液压驱动桥，剩余液压马达 (22)分别驱动一个 液压驱动桥； 或者
至少两个第二分动箱 (152)和至少两个液压马达 (22)， 第二分动箱 (152) 的数量等于或少于液压马达 (22)的数量， 其中至少有部分液压马达 (22)通过 第二分动箱 (152)驱动多个液压驱动桥。
9、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的起重机底盘驱动系统， 其特征在于， 所述 至少一个液压驱动桥的数量为两个或两个以上， 其中部分为前液压驱动桥， 另一部分为后液压驱动桥； 和 /或
所述机械驱动桥的数量为两个或两个以上， 其中部分为前机械驱动桥， 另一部分为后机械驱动桥。
10、 一种驱动底盘， 其特征在于， 包括权利要求 1~9任一所述的起重 机底盘驱动系统。
11、 一种起重机， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 10所述的驱动底盘。
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