WO2013047693A1 - 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013047693A1 WO2013047693A1 PCT/JP2012/074954 JP2012074954W WO2013047693A1 WO 2013047693 A1 WO2013047693 A1 WO 2013047693A1 JP 2012074954 W JP2012074954 W JP 2012074954W WO 2013047693 A1 WO2013047693 A1 WO 2013047693A1
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- 0 NC1=CCC(*c2cc(*c(cc3)ccc3N)cc(O)c2)CC1 Chemical compound NC1=CCC(*c2cc(*c(cc3)ccc3N)cc(O)c2)CC1 0.000 description 4
- UZQJQJNKYMSTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCN1c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCN1c(cc1)ccc1N UZQJQJNKYMSTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNGAUSUWDNHUND-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)OC(C(C(C)C(N)=C4)C=C4N)=O)C3(C)C1CC2 Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)OC(C(C(C)C(N)=C4)C=C4N)=O)C3(C)C1CC2 YNGAUSUWDNHUND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUZHKTQHCSQGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1)C(N)=CC=C1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CC(C1)C(N)=CC=C1N(C)c(cc1)ccc1N MUZHKTQHCSQGQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTDADNHGSPKTCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1CC2OC(C(C1)=CC(N)=CC1N)=O Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1CC2OC(C(C1)=CC(N)=CC1N)=O DTDADNHGSPKTCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDHIKTFAFJOHBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)OC4OC4C(C(C)C(N)=C4)C=C4N)C3(C)C1CC2 Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)OC4OC4C(C(C)C(N)=C4)C=C4N)C3(C)C1CC2 MDHIKTFAFJOHBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSJTBIWUZCOLZ-VRTKGZHMSA-N N/C=C/N=C\N=C=N Chemical compound N/C=C/N=C\N=C=N QOSJTBIWUZCOLZ-VRTKGZHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLNLIWZFLXAQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N(CCN(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N(CCN(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N)c1ccccc1 PLNLIWZFLXAQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBUNWFHTILMICD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1Oc(cc1)ccc1N QBUNWFHTILMICD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c1ccccc1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccncc1 Chemical compound c1ccncc1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent used for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display elements used for liquid crystal televisions and liquid crystal displays are now widely used as thin and light display devices.
- a so-called polyimide-based polyimide film is applied by applying a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or a solution of soluble polyimide to a glass substrate or the like, and baking it.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is mainly used.
- liquid crystal alignment films have excellent liquid crystal alignment properties and liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate surface due to demands such as reduction of contrast reduction and afterimage phenomenon.
- orientation tilt angle pretilt angle
- high voltage holding ratio suppression of afterimages generated by AC drive
- low residual charge when DC voltage is applied residual charge accumulated by DC voltage Characteristics such as fast relaxation are becoming increasingly important.
- Polyimide precursors and soluble polyimides such as polyamic acid, which are components of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, are generally synthesized by the reaction of a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine component.
- the structures of the carboxylic acid derivative and the diamine component are variously selected in order to satisfy the various characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment film described above.
- pretilt angle characteristics of the liquid crystal For example, for the above-mentioned pretilt angle characteristics of the liquid crystal, a method using a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent made of soluble polyimide produced by using a diamine having a side chain as a part of the raw material has been proposed. In this method, since the pretilt angle can be controlled according to the use ratio of the diamine having a side chain, it is relatively easy to obtain the target pretilt angle, which is useful as a means for increasing the pretilt angle (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
- the uniformity of the coating film is low when the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is applied, that is, polymer aggregates are generated at the edge of the coating surface (both whitening and aggregation). Say).
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, which can provide a liquid crystal alignment film that gives a high pretilt angle to the liquid crystal and has a small accumulated charge, and does not cause whitening / aggregation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element excellent in coating film uniformity.
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing two types of specific polymers having side chains having a specific structure and defining the relative amount of the side chains and a crosslinkable compound having a specific structure.
- the inventors have found that the present invention is extremely effective for achieving the above object, and have completed the present invention.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the following specific polymer (A), specific polymer (B), and specific crosslinkable compound (C).
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 2 is a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15)
- X 3 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15) ), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—
- X 4 is a divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, or , A divalent organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton, wherein any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group
- Raw material of polymer (B) The side chain of the formula [1] with the diamine compound may be different and the same.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent according to 1 or 2 which is a diamine compound represented by the following formula [1a].
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , and n are X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 in Formula [1].
- N and m is an integer of 1 to 4, and the diamine compound represented by the formula [1a] which is a raw material of the specific polymer (A) and the formula [B] which is a raw material of the specific polymer (B)
- the diamine compounds represented by 1a] may be the same or different.
- At least one of the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) uses a diamine compound represented by the following formula [2] as a diamine component of a raw material, according to any one of 1 to 3, Liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Y 1 represents —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 )).
- — Or —N (CH 3 ) CO—, Y 2 is a single bond, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Y 3 is a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N ( CH 3 ) CO— or —O (CH 2 ) i — (i is an integer of 1 to 5), Y 4 is a monovalent nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring, and h is an integer of 1 to 4 .)
- Z 1 is a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 13 carbon atoms and containing a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 2 to Z 5 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a benzene ring, which may be the same or different.
- Z 6 and Z 7 are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, which may be the same or different.
- the specific crosslinkable compound (C) is selected from the group consisting of a crosslinkable compound having an oxetane group, a crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group, or a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 7.
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 10, comprising 11.5 to 60% by mass of a poor solvent.
- a liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and comprising a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat is disposed between the pair of substrates, and the electrodes 13.
- the liquid crystal alignment film according to 12 which is used for a liquid crystal display device manufactured through a step of polymerizing the polymerizable compound while applying a voltage therebetween.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to item 12.12 or 13.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film that gives a high pretilt angle to the liquid crystal and has a small accumulated charge when used as a liquid crystal display element. Furthermore, the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is suppressed in whitening and aggregation and is excellent in the coating film uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film. Further, by using this liquid crystal alignment film, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element having a high pretilt angle and a small accumulated charge.
- This invention is a liquid-crystal aligning agent containing a specific polymer (A), a specific polymer (B), and a specific crosslinkable compound (C).
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is a coating liquid for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for aligning liquid crystals in a predetermined direction.
- a specific polymer (A) and a specific polymer (B) are polyimide precursors, such as a polyamic acid and a polyamic acid ester, and a polyimide. That is, the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polyimide, respectively, and the combination is not particularly limited.
- the specific polymer (A) may be a polyimide and the specific polymer (B) may be a polyimide precursor, or the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) may both be a polyimide precursor.
- both the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) are polyimides.
- the polyimide precursor is obtained by polymerizing at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from tetracarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof and a diamine component.
- the specific polymer (A) and specific polymer (B) used by this invention are synthesize
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or -OCO-.
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, or —COO— is preferable because they are easily synthesized. More preferably, it is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO—.
- X 2 is a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15).
- a single bond or — (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 10) is preferable.
- X 3 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—. .
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO— is preferable because they are easily synthesized. More preferably, they are a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 4 is a divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, or a divalent organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms and having a steroid skeleton.
- Arbitrary hydrogen atoms on these cyclic groups include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and fluorine having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with a contained alkoxyl group or a fluorine atom.
- a divalent organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms and having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a steroid skeleton is preferable.
- X 5 is a divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- Arbitrary hydrogen atoms on these cyclic groups include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and fluorine having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with a contained alkoxyl group or a fluorine atom.
- n is an integer of 0 to 4. Preferably, it is an integer of 0-2.
- X 6 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a linear chain having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it is a branched alkoxyl group or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, Alternatively, a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable. More preferably, it is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. A linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] include a diamine compound represented by the above formula [1a].
- m is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1.
- X 1 in the formula [1a] X 2, X 3, X 4, X 5, preferred groups of X 6 and n, X 1, X 2, X 3 in the formula [1], X 4, The same as X 5 , X 6 and n, and the preferred combinations are as shown in Tables 1 to 42, as in Formula [1].
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in the formula [1a] is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group (X 1 ) of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring Position or 3, 5 positions. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing the polymer, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position, or the 3,5 position is preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine compound, the positions 2, 4 or 2, 5 are more preferable.
- formula [1a] is a structure represented by, for example, the following formulas [1-1] to [1-31].
- R 1 is —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 — or —CH 2 OCO—
- R 2 is A linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or fluorine Containing alkoxyl groups.
- R 3 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 — or — CH 2 —
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms A fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group.
- R 5 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, — CH 2 — or —O—
- R 6 is a fluorine group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethane group, a nitro group, an azo group, a formyl group, an acetyl group, an acetoxy group or a hydroxyl group.
- R 7 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is Trans isomer.
- R 8 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is Trans isomer.
- a 16 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- a 15 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or
- a 14 is a 1,4-phenylene group
- a 14 is an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where a bond marked with “*” is bonded to A 15 )
- a 13 is an oxygen atom or —COO— *. (However, the bond marked with “*” binds to (CH 2 ) a 2 )).
- a 1 is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 is an integer of 2 to 10
- a 3 is an integer of 0 or 1.
- the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] used as a raw material for the specific polymer (A) has a side chain represented by the above formula [1] used as a raw material for the specific polymer (B). It may be the same as or different from the diamine compound. Furthermore, one type or a mixture of two or more types can be used according to desired characteristics such as liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding ratio, and accumulated charge when a liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] used as a raw material for the specific polymer (A) has three or more long-chain alkyl groups or ring structures (saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups).
- a diamine compound having a more hydrophobic group in the side chain is preferable.
- the above formula [1-9], formula [1-10], formula [1-11], formula [1-12], Formula [1-22], Formula [1-23], Formula [1-24], Formula [1-25], Formula [1-26], Formula [1-27], Formula [1] 1-28], Formula [1-29], Formula [1-30], and Formula [1-31] are preferable.
- the diamine compound represented by the above formula [1] used as a raw material for the specific polymer (B) is preferably a diamine having a highly hydrophilic side chain group such as two or less ring structures.
- the above formula [1-1], formula [1-2], formula [1-3], formula [1-4], formula [1-5], formula [1-6], formula [1-6] 1-7] and the formula [1-8] are preferable.
- the specific polymer (B) is such that the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] in the total diamine component of the raw material is the total of the raw material of the specific polymer (A). It needs to be less than the proportion of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] in the diamine component.
- the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] to the total amount of the diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (B) is the above formula [ The ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by 1] must be smaller.
- the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] with respect to the total amount of the diamine component that is a raw material of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is greater than that of the specific polymer (A) as described above. Is not particularly limited except that the specific polymer (B) needs to be small.
- the raw material diamine component may be only the diamine compound represented by the above formula [1]. .
- the diamine component which is a raw material of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is a diamine compound other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1], as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a liquid crystal alignment film capable of giving a high pretilt angle to the liquid crystal is obtained as the proportion of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] increases.
- the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) each have 5 to 80 mol% of the total amount of the diamine component as a raw material having a side chain represented by the above formula [1].
- a diamine compound is preferred.
- 5 to 60 mol% of the total amount of the diamine component is a diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1]. preferable.
- the amount of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] in the total diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (A) and the formula [1 in the total diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (B) ] Is too large, that is, the amount of the side chain having the structure represented by the formula [1] in the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B). If the difference from the amount of the side chain having the structure represented by the formula [1] is too large, the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) may be aggregated. It is preferable that the difference in the amount of side chains is as small as possible while satisfying the conditions.
- the ratio of the diamine compound having the side chain represented by the formula [1] in the total diamine component of the specific polymer (A) is 1, preferably the raw material of the specific polymer (B)
- the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] in all diamine components is 0.3 or more and less than 1.0, and more preferably 0.6 or more and less than 1.0.
- the “ratio” is based on the number of moles.
- a heterocyclic ring-containing diamine Compounds As other diamine compounds other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] that can be used as a diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B), a heterocyclic ring-containing diamine Compounds.
- the heterocyclic-containing diamine compound it is preferable to use a diamine compound represented by the above formula [2].
- -(-Y 1 -Y 2 -Y 3 -Y 4 ) h indicates that there are h substituents -Y 1 -Y 2 -Y 3 -Y 4 , and each is the same But it can be different.
- Y 1 represents —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —.
- a divalent organic group selected from —N (CH 3 ) CO— is preferable because a diamine compound can be easily synthesized.
- Particularly preferred is —O—, —NH—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —CH 2 O—.
- Y 2 is a single bond, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear or branched. Moreover, you may have an unsaturated bond. A linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having an unsaturated bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- non-aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include cyclopropane ring, cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, cycloheptane ring, cyclooctane ring, cyclononane ring, cyclodecane ring, cycloundecane ring, cyclododecane ring, cyclotridecane ring.
- Decane ring cyclotetradecane ring, cyclopentadecane ring, cyclohexadecane ring, cycloheptadecane ring, cyclooctadecane ring, cyclononadecane ring, cycloicosane ring, tricycloeicosan ring, tricyclodecosan ring, bicycloheptane ring, decahydronaphthalene ring , Norbornene ring, adamantane ring and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a tetrahydronaphthalene ring, an azulene ring, an indene ring, a fluorene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a phenalene ring.
- preferred Y 2 is a single bond, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having an unsaturated bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclopropane ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclo A pentane ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cycloheptane ring, a norbornene ring, an adamantane ring, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a tetrahydronaphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, or an anthracene ring, more preferably a single bond or a straight chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms Or a branched alkyl group, an alkyl group having an unsaturated bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclohexane ring, a norbornen
- Y 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ).
- Y 4 is a monovalent nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle, for example, at least 1 selected from the following formula [2-A], formula [2-B] or formula [2-C] It is an aromatic heterocycle containing individual structures.
- a 17 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Y 4 is preferably pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, quinoline ring, pyrazoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, purine ring, thiadiazole ring.
- a pyrrole ring an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a triazine ring, a triazole ring, a pyrazine ring, a benzimidazole ring or a benzimidazole ring
- a pyrrole ring An imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring;
- Y 3 is preferably bonded to a substituent that is not adjacent to Formula [2-A], Formula [2-B], and Formula [2-C] contained in Y 4 .
- [1-7], [1-9], [1-12], [1-14], [1-17], [1-19], [1-19] in Tables 43 to 48 above are included. 22], [1-24], [1-27], [1-29], [1-52], [1-54], [1-124], [1-126], [1-148] , [1-150], [1-172] and [1-173] are preferable.
- h is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably an integer of 1 to 3 from the viewpoint of reactivity with tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing diamine compound used as the raw material of the specific polymer (A) is a specific polymer (B ) May be the same as or different from the heterocyclic-containing diamine compound used as a starting material.
- one type or a mixture of two or more types can be used according to desired properties such as liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding ratio, and accumulated charge when a liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the amount of the heterocyclic ring-containing diamine compound is preferably 0.01 to 99 mol with respect to 1 mol of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1]. . More preferably, it is 0.1 to 50 mol, still more preferably 0.2 to 20 mol, and most preferably 0.2 to 10 mol.
- diamine compounds other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and 2,5-dimethyl.
- diamine compounds other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] a diamine compound having an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group in the side chain can be used.
- diamines represented by the following formulas [DA-1] to [DA-12] can be exemplified.
- a 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. .
- a 2 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO— or —NH.
- a 3 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- diamine compounds other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1]
- diamine compounds represented by the following formulas [DA-13] to [DA-20] can also be used.
- m 1 is an integer of 1 to 4
- a 4 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) —, —O—, —CO—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 O —, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —N (CH 3 ) CO—, each of m 2 and m 3 is an integer from 0 to 4, and m 2 + m 3 is an integer of 1 to 4, and in the formula [DA-23], m 4 and m 5 are each an integer of 1 to 5, and in the formula [DA-24], A 5 has 1 carbon atom.
- diamine compounds other than the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1]
- diamine compounds represented by the following formula [DA-26] and formula [DA-27] can also be used.
- the above-mentioned other diamine compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more according to properties such as liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding ratio, and accumulated charge when a liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the method for synthesizing the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is particularly limited except that the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] is part of the raw material. Not. Usually, it is obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component. Generally, at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof is reacted with a diamine component consisting of one or more diamine compounds to obtain a polyamic acid. In order to obtain the polyamic acid alkyl ester, a method of converting the carboxyl group of the polyamic acid into an ester is used. Furthermore, in order to obtain a polyimide, a method may be used in which the polyamic acid or the polyamic acid alkyl ester is imidized to form a polyimide.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] is a tetracarboxylic acid component which is a raw material for obtaining the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) of the present invention.
- Z 1 particularly preferred structure of Z 1 is the formula [3a], the formula [3c], the formula [3d], the formula [3e], the formula [3f] or the formula because of the polymerization reactivity and the ease of synthesis. [3 g].
- the formula [3a], the formula [3e], the formula [3f], or the formula [3g] is preferable.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] with respect to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component which is the raw material of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is not particularly limited.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component represented by formula (3) may be only the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3].
- the tetracarboxylic acid component that is the raw material of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is not a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] unless the effects of the present invention are impaired.
- tetracarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acid derivatives may be included.
- 1 mol% or more of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component is the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3], more preferably 5 mol% or more, and still more preferably 10 mol%. That's it.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] include pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6 -Naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,6,7-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ', 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid Bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-dicarboxypheny
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] and other tetracarboxylic acids and tetracarboxylic acid derivatives have desired properties such as liquid crystal alignment, voltage holding ratio, and accumulated charge when used as a liquid crystal alignment film. Depending on the situation, one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds may be used.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyimide precursor is dissolved.
- Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ - Butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cello
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent as it is.
- a method of adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic acid component in an organic solvent a method of alternately adding a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, and the like. Any of these methods may be used.
- the polymerization temperature can be selected from -20 ° C to 150 ° C, but is preferably in the range of -5 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight specific polymer (A) or specific polymer (B), and if the concentration is too high, The viscosity becomes too high and uniform stirring becomes difficult. Therefore, the concentration of the total amount of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the reaction solution.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor produced increases as the molar ratio approaches 1.0.
- the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) polymerized in this way are, for example, a polyimide precursor that is a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula [a].
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group
- R 12 is a divalent organic group derived from the diamine component of the raw material
- a 11 and A 12 are a hydrogen atom or a carbon number. 1 to 8 alkyl groups, which may be the same or different
- j represents a positive integer.
- each of R 11 and R 12 may be one type and a polymer having the same repeating unit, or R 11 and R 12 may be a plurality of types and a polymer having a repeating unit having a different structure. But you can.
- R 11 is a group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid component represented by the following formula [c] as a raw material
- R 12 is a diamine component represented by the following formula [b] as a raw material.
- R 12 is a diamine-derived group having a side chain represented by the above formula [1]
- the main chain of the polyimide precursor that is, the polyamic acid skeleton, is directly or via an appropriate bonding group.
- a polymer in which the structure represented by [1] is bonded as a side chain.
- the following formula [d] is used because it can be obtained relatively easily by using a diamine component represented by the above formula [b] and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component represented by the above formula [c] as raw materials.
- the polyamic acid which consists of structural formula of the repeating unit shown by this, or the polyimide which imidated this polyamic acid is preferable.
- the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) may be a polyimide obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing the above polyimide precursor. Such a polyimide is useful as a polymer for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- the temperature is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to carry out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- the catalyst imidation of the polyimide precursor can be performed by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the polyimide precursor solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has a basicity appropriate for advancing the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent can be collected by filtration, and then dried by normal temperature or reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further increased.
- the dehydration ring closure rate (imidation rate) of the amic acid group of the polyimide used as the specific polymer (A) does not necessarily need to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily selected in the range of 0% to 100% according to the application and purpose. However, from the viewpoint of better vertical alignment, 20% to 80% is preferable, and 40% to 60% is more preferable.
- the imidation ratio of the polyimide used as the specific polymer (B) is not necessarily 100%, and can be arbitrarily selected within the range of 0% to 100%. From the viewpoint of further suppressing precipitation, the imidization rate of the specific polymer (B) is preferably equal to or greater than the imidization rate of the specific polymer (A) when the specific polymer (A) also uses polyimide.
- the amount of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the formula [1] in the total diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (A) and the formula [1] in the total diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (B) The larger the difference in the amount of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by formula (1), that is, the amount of the side chain represented by the formula [1] in the specific polymer (A) and the formula [B] 1] The greater the difference from the side chain amount Polymer (A) and a larger difference in the imidation rate of the specific polymer (B) is preferred.
- the blending ratio of the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, the specific polymer (A) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer (A) It is preferable to contain 40 to 400 parts by mass of B).
- the molecular weight of the specific polymer (A) or the specific polymer (B) is determined by considering the strength of the polymer film obtained therefrom, workability when forming the polymer film, and uniformity of the polymer film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the specific crosslinkable compound (C) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a crosslinkability having at least two substituents selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group and a cyclocarbonate group.
- Examples of the two or more crosslinkable compounds having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group include bisphenolacetone glycidyl ether, phenol novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, triglycidyl isocyanurate, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylene, tetraglycidyl-m-xylene.
- bisphenolacetone glycidyl ether tetraglycidylaminodiphenylene, and tetraglycidyl-1,3-bis (aminoethyl) cyclohexane are preferable.
- crosslinkable compound having two or more oxetane groups examples include a crosslinkable compound having at least two oxetane groups represented by the following formula [4].
- n1 is an integer of 1 to 3
- n2 in formula [4-7] is an integer of 1 to 3
- n3 in formula [4-8] is an integer of 1 to 3.
- n4 in the formula [4-9] is an integer of 1 to 100
- n5 in the formula [4-11] is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the crosslinkable compound having two or more cyclocarbonate groups is a crosslinkable compound having at least two cyclocarbonate groups represented by the following formula [5].
- crosslinkable compounds represented by the following formulas [5-1] to [5-37].
- n6 is an integer of 1 to 5
- n7 is an integer of 1 to 5
- n8 is 1 to 100
- n9 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- examples of the specific crosslinkable compound (C) include polysiloxanes having at least one structure represented by the following formulas [5-38] to [5-40].
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 each independently represents a structure represented by the formula [5], a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, An alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring, at least one of which is a structure represented by the formula [5].
- R 26 represents a cyclocarbonate group represented by the above formula [5].
- n10 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the above formula [5-1], formula [5-2], formula [5-3], formula [5-5], formula [5- 12], [5-20], [5-41] and [5-42] are preferable.
- Examples of the crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group and an alkoxyalkyl group include an amino resin having a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxyl group, for example, a melamine resin, Examples include urea resins, guanamine resins, glycoluril-formaldehyde resins, succinylamide-formaldehyde resins, and ethyleneurea-formaldehyde resins.
- a melamine derivative, a benzoguanamine derivative, or glycoluril in which a hydrogen atom of an amino group is substituted with a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group, or both can be used.
- the melamine derivative or benzoguanamine derivative can exist as a dimer or a trimer. These preferably have an average of 3 to 6 methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- Examples of such melamine derivatives or benzoguanamine derivatives include MX-750, which has an average of 3.7 substituted methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring, and an average of 5. methoxymethyl groups per triazine ring.
- Eight-substituted MW-30 (from Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.), methoxymethylated melamines such as Cymel 300, 301, 303, 350, 370, 771, 325, 327, 703, 712, Cymel 235, 236 Methoxymethylated butoxymethylated melamine such as 238, 212, 253, 254, butoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 506, 508, carboxyl group-containing methoxymethylated isobutoxymethylated melamine such as Cymel 1141, Cymel 1123 and the like Methoxymethylated eth Cymethylated benzoguanamine, methoxymethylated butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such as Cymel 1123-10, butoxymethylated benzoguanamine such
- glycoluril examples include butoxymethylated glycoluril such as Cymel 1170, methylolated glycoluril such as Cymel 1172, and methoxymethylolated glycoluril such as Powderlink 1174. Of these, Cymel 303 and Cymel 1141 are preferable.
- examples of the benzene having a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group or an alkoxyl group, or a phenolic compound include, for example, 1,3,5-tris (methoxymethyl) benzene, Examples include 2,4-tris (isopropoxymethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (sec-butoxymethyl) benzene, and 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-p-tert-butylphenol.
- crosslinkable compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond examples include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, and tri (meth) acryloyloxyethoxytrimethylol.
- Crosslinkable compounds having three polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule such as propane or glycerin polyglycidyl ether poly (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meta ) Acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butylene glycol di (Meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide bisphenol A type di (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide bisphenol type di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, glycerin di ( (Meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol diglycidy
- a compound represented by the following formula [7] can be used as a crosslinkable compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond.
- E 1 is a group selected from a cyclohexane ring, a bicyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a terphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, a fluorene ring, an anthracene ring or a phenanthrene ring
- E 2 is (It is a group selected from the formula [7a] or the formula [7b], and n11 is an integer of 1 to 4.)
- crosslinked compound (C) can also be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types according to characteristics, such as liquid crystal orientation at the time of setting it as a liquid crystal aligning film, a voltage holding rate, and an accumulation charge. .
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention containing such a specific polymer (A), a specific polymer (B) and a specific crosslinkable compound (C), a high pretilt angle is given to the liquid crystal and a liquid crystal display is provided.
- a liquid crystal alignment film having a small accumulated charge when used as an element can be obtained.
- the crystal orientation treatment agent of the present invention does not generate polymer aggregates at the end of the coating film surface, does not cause so-called whitening or aggregation, and is excellent in coating film uniformity.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a specific polymer (A), a specific polymer (B) and a specific crosslinkable compound (C), such a pretilt angle characteristic
- the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] in the diamine component of the raw material of the specific polymer (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is the raw material of the specific polymer (A).
- the ratio of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] in the diamine component is lower. Therefore, in the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention, the ratio of the side chain that increases the resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film (that is, the density of the side chain) is when the specific polymer (A) is used alone. Therefore, it is considered that it is difficult to accumulate charges accumulated by the DC voltage.
- the specific polymer (B) in which the proportion of the diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] as a raw material is relatively small is used as the substrate of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the specific polymer (A) located on the side and having a relatively large proportion of the diamine compound having the side chain represented by the above formula [1] as the raw material is located on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film (that is, the surface in contact with the liquid crystal)
- a good pretilt angle could be expressed in the liquid crystal mainly by the specific polymer (A).
- the specific polymer (B) in which the ratio of the diamine compound having the side chain represented by the above formula [1] of the raw material is relatively small is located on the substrate side of the liquid crystal alignment film (that is, the side not in contact with the liquid crystal). Therefore, the accumulated charge is considered to be low.
- the specific crosslinkable compound (C) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the carboxyl group, carboxyl ester group and amino group in the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B), heat and ultraviolet rays.
- the side chain structure represented by the above formula [1] is further enhanced by the action of the specific crosslinkable compound (C) by cross-linking the main chains of the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B). By stabilizing, the liquid crystal alignment film is considered to exhibit a high and stable pretilt angle regardless of the type of liquid crystal.
- both the side chain of a specific polymer (A) and the side chain of a specific polymer (B) have a structure represented by Formula [1], a specific polymer (A) and a specific polymer ( It is considered that aggregation and precipitation due to the difference in the characteristics of B) can be suppressed and the coating film uniformity is excellent.
- both the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) have the effect that the pretilt angle characteristic, the accumulated charge characteristic, and the coating film uniformity of the liquid crystal alignment film are all good.
- the raw material is a diamine compound having a side chain represented by the above formula [1] having a structure of the above formula, that is, both the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) have a specific structure. This is an effect exhibited only when the structure represented by 1] is present as a side chain and the specific crosslinkable compound (C) is present.
- the content of the specific crosslinkable compound (C) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is 0.1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B).
- the amount is 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, particularly 1 to 100 parts by mass, so that the crosslinking reaction proceeds to develop desired characteristics such as a pretilt angle and the orientation of the liquid crystal is not deteriorated. ⁇ 50 parts by mass.
- the polymer component may be only the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B), and the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) Other polymers may be mixed.
- the content of the other polymer other than the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) is 0.5 to 15% by mass, preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass.
- a polyimide precursor or polyimide obtained from a dianhydride component can be mentioned. Furthermore, a polyimide precursor and a polymer other than polyimide, specifically, an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, polystyrene, polyamide, or the like can be given.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention preferably has an organic solvent content of 70 to 99% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a uniform polymer film by coating. This content can be appropriately changed depending on the film thickness of the target liquid crystal alignment film.
- the organic solvent in that case will not be specifically limited if it is an organic solvent in which the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) mentioned above are dissolved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes compounds represented by the following formulas [M1] to [M155] as compounds that promote charge transfer in the liquid crystal alignment film and promote charge release of a liquid crystal cell using the liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to add the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compound shown by these.
- the amine compound may be added directly to a solution in which the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) are dissolved in the organic solvent or the like, but the concentration is 0.1 to 10% by mass with an appropriate solvent. Preferably, it is added after making a solution of 1.0 to 7.0% by mass.
- the solvent for the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compound is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves the specific polymer (A) and the specific polymer (B) described above.
- the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention is an organic solvent (it is also called a poor solvent) which improves the uniformity of the film thickness of a polymer film at the time of apply
- poor solvents that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol Thor, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-tert-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl Ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoa Tate, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol mono
- These poor solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the above poor solvent it is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the whole organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard Examples include AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass). The use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is.
- Examples of the compound for improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound.
- a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound For example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- Ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts per 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Part by mass. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention in addition to the above poor solvent and compound, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film are changed.
- a dielectric material or conductive material may be added.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film after being applied and baked on a substrate and then subjected to alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation. In the case of vertical alignment, etc., it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment.
- the substrate used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used. From the viewpoint of simplification of the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as an electrode in this case.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method of screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like is generally used. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, and a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose. Since the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention is excellent in coating-film uniformity, whitening and aggregation are suppressed and the coating film formed by apply
- the solvent is evaporated at 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C. by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven.
- a combined coating can be formed. If the thickness of the polymer film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered. Is 10 to 100 nm.
- the polymer film after baking is treated by rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention by the above-described method and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- a pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inner side.
- a method of sealing the substrate by injecting liquid crystal under reduced pressure, or a method of sealing the substrate by bonding the substrate after dropping the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which the spacers are dispersed is performed.
- liquid crystal positive type liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy or negative type liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used.
- the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention has a liquid-crystal layer between a pair of board
- the liquid crystal composition is also preferably used for a liquid crystal display device produced through a step of polymerizing a polymerizable compound by at least one of irradiation with active energy rays and heating while applying a voltage between electrodes.
- ultraviolet rays are suitable as the active energy ray.
- the above liquid crystal display element controls the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules by a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) method.
- a PSA method a small amount of a photopolymerizable compound, for example, a photopolymerizable monomer is mixed in a liquid crystal material, and after assembling a liquid crystal cell, a predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer and an ultraviolet ray is applied to the photopolymerizable compound.
- the pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the produced polymer. Since the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules when the polymer is formed is stored even after the voltage is removed, the pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted by controlling the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer.
- the PSA method does not require a rubbing process and is suitable for forming a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer in which it is difficult to control the pretilt by the rubbing process.
- a liquid crystal cell is prepared after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention by the above-described method, and a polymerizable compound is produced by at least one of irradiation with ultraviolet rays and heating.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by polymerizing.
- liquid crystal cell production prepare a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed, spread a spacer on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and make the liquid crystal alignment film surface inside.
- Examples include a method in which the other substrate is attached and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal, or a method in which the substrate is attached and sealed after the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which spacers are dispersed.
- a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by heat or ultraviolet irradiation is mixed.
- the polymerizable compound include compounds having at least one polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate group or a methacrylate group in the molecule.
- the polymerizable compound is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal component.
- the polymerizable compound When the polymerizable compound is less than 0.01 part by mass, the polymerizable compound does not polymerize and the orientation of the liquid crystal cannot be controlled, and when it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the amount of unreacted polymerizable compound increases and the liquid crystal display The burn-in characteristic of the element is deteriorated.
- the polymerizable compound After producing the liquid crystal cell, the polymerizable compound is polymerized by irradiating heat or ultraviolet rays while applying an AC or DC voltage to the liquid crystal cell. Thereby, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. It is also preferably used for a liquid crystal display device manufactured through a step of disposing a liquid crystal alignment film containing a group and applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- ultraviolet rays are suitable as the active energy ray.
- liquid crystal alignment film containing a polymerizable group that polymerizes from at least one of active energy rays and heat a method of adding a compound containing this polymerizable group to a liquid crystal aligning agent, A method using a coalescing component may be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent contains a specific amine compound having a double bond site that reacts by, for example, heat or ultraviolet irradiation
- the alignment of liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by at least one of ultraviolet irradiation and heating.
- liquid crystal cell production prepare a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed, spread a spacer on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and make the liquid crystal alignment film surface inside.
- Examples include a method in which the other substrate is attached and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal, or a method in which the substrate is attached and sealed after the liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which spacers are dispersed.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by irradiating heat or ultraviolet rays while applying an AC or DC voltage to the liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal display device manufactured using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has excellent reliability and can be suitably used for a large-screen, high-definition liquid crystal television.
- B-1 1,3-diamino-5- [4- ⁇ 1- (trans-4-n-pentylcyclohexyl) -trans-4-cyclohexyl ⁇ phenoxymethyl] benzene
- B-2 1,3 -Diamino-4- ⁇ 4- (4-n-heptylcyclohexyl) phenoxy ⁇ benzene
- B-3 1,4-phenylenediamine
- B-4 N- (3-picolyl) -3,5-diaminobenzamide
- B-5 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
- B-6 diaminodiphenylmethane
- Example 1 A-2 (48.9 g, 19.5 mmol), B-1 (31.0 g, 6.89 mmol), B-3 (17.4 g, 16.0 mmol) were mixed in NMP (290 g), and 40 ° C. Then, A-1 (5.77 g, 2.94 mmol) and NMP (120 g) were added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (concentration 20.0% by mass). . The number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 11,700, and the weight average molecular weight was 40,600.
- NMP (18.8 g) was added to this polyimide powder (3.85 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 30 hours, and then NMP, an NMP solution of C-1 and BCS were added, and the mixture was heated to 50 ° C.
- the polyimide solution (A) was prepared so that the polyimide content was 6 mass%, C-1 was 0.5 mass%, NMP was 48.5 mass%, and BCS was 45 mass%.
- Example 2 A-2 (236 g, 94.0 mmol), B-2 (84.5 g, 22.2 mmol), B-4 (53.7 g, 22.1 mmol), B-5 (101 g, 66.3 mmol) were mixed with NMP ( 1510 g), and reacted at 80 ° C. for 5 hours. Then, A-1 (30.4 g, 15.5 mmol) and NMP (506 g) were added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (concentration) 20.0 mass%) was obtained. The number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 12,600, and the weight average molecular weight was 61,400.
- NMP (18.8 g) was added to this polyimide powder (3.85 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 30 hours, and then NMP, an NMP solution of C-1 and BCS were added, and the mixture was heated to 50 ° C.
- the polyimide solution (B) was prepared so that the polyimide content was 6 mass%, C-1 was 0.3 mass%, NMP was 48.5 mass%, and BCS was 45 mass%.
- Example 3 The polyimide solution (A) obtained in Example 1 and the polyimide solution (B) obtained in Example 2 were mixed at room temperature so that the polyimide solution (A) and the polyimide solution (B) were 20:80 by mass%. Further, 3% by mass of D-1 with respect to polyimide was added and stirred, followed by pressure filtration through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of Example 3.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 3, the polyimide solution (A) and the polyimide solution (B) were mixed at room temperature so that the polyimide solution (A) and the polyimide solution (B) were 40:60 by mass, and further D -1 was added in an amount of 3% by mass to the polyimide, and the mixture was stirred and filtered under pressure through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of Example 4.
- Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 3, the polyimide solution (A) and the polyimide solution (B) are mixed at room temperature so that the polyimide solution (A) and the polyimide solution (B) are 70% by mass, and further D -1 was added in an amount of 3% by mass to the polyimide, and the mixture was stirred and filtered under pressure through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of Example 5.
- the polyimide solution (A) and the polyamic acid solution (C) obtained in Example 1 were mixed at room temperature so that the polyimide solution (A) and the polyamic acid solution (C) were 20:80 by mass. Further, 3% by mass of D-1 with respect to the total of polyimide and polyamic acid was added and stirred, followed by pressure filtration through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of Comparative Example 3.
- Table 49 shows liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is spin-coated on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained.
- Two substrates with this liquid crystal alignment film are prepared, a spacer of 4 ⁇ m is sprayed on the surface of one liquid crystal alignment film, a sealant is printed thereon, and the other substrate has a liquid crystal alignment film surface. After laminating so as to face each other, the sealing agent was cured to produce an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-2041 (manufactured by Merck Japan) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used for the above operations to obtain vertical alignment liquid crystal cells.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is spin-coated on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained.
- the substrate was rubbed with cotton at a roller rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a stage speed of 50 mm / sec, and a roller pressing pressure of 0.2 mm.
- liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used for the above operations to obtain vertical alignment liquid crystal cells.
- the retardation of these liquid crystal cells was measured by the crystal rotation method, and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal was calculated from the ordinary light refractive index and the extraordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal.
- the pretilt angle was defined as the angle from the horizontal direction of the substrate in the plane composed of the normal direction of the substrate and the rubbing direction.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 50.
- the pretilt angle is large, Moreover, residual DC was small. Further, in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agents of Examples 3 to 5, whitening and aggregation did not occur, and the coating film uniformity was excellent.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 that do not contain the predetermined specific polymer (A), specific polymer (B), and crosslinkable compound (C), the pretilt angle characteristics, the accumulated charge characteristics, and the uniform coating film of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent Not all of sex was excellent.
- the residual DC was higher than that of Examples 3 to 5.
- the pretilt angle was small in the liquid crystal cell using the liquid crystal aligning agent of Comparative Example 2 that did not contain the specific crosslinkable compound (C).
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Abstract
Description
1.下記の特定重合体(A)、特定重合体(B)および特定架橋性化合物(C)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向処理剤。
特定重合体(A):式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物を原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体。
特定重合体(B):式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物を原料の一部に用い、かつ原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合が、特定重合体(A)の原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合より少ないポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体。
特定架橋性化合物(C):エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基及びシクロカーボネート基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び炭素数1~6のアルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、または、重合性不飽和結合を2個以上有する架橋性化合物。
本発明は、特定重合体(A)、特定重合体(B)および特定架橋性化合物(C)を含有する液晶配向処理剤である。液晶配向処理剤とは、液晶配向膜を形成するための塗布液であり、液晶配向膜とは液晶を所定の方向に配向させるための膜である。本発明の液晶配向処理剤の各成分について、以下に説明する。
特定重合体(A)及び特定重合体(B)は、ポリアミド酸やポリアミド酸エステル等のポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドである。すなわち、特定重合体(A)や特定重合体(B)は、それぞれ、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミドなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であればよく、その組み合わせは特に限定されない。例えば、特定重合体(A)がポリイミドで特定重合体(B)がポリイミド前駆体である組み合わせでもよく、特定重合体(A)及び特定重合体(B)が両方ともポリイミド前駆体である組み合わせでもよく、また、特定重合体(A)及び特定重合体(B)が両方ともポリイミドである組み合わせでもよい。ポリイミド前駆体は、テトラカルボン酸及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも一種のテトラカルボン酸成分と、ジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるものである。そして、本発明で用いる特定重合体(A)及び特定重合体(B)は、原料であるこのジアミン成分として、上記式[1]で示される構造を側鎖として有するジアミン化合物を用いて合成される重合体である。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤に含まれる特定架橋性化合物(C)は、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、シクロカーボネート基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び炭素数1~6のアルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、または、重合性不飽和結合を有する2個以上架橋性化合物である。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、重合体成分が特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)のみであってもよく、特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)にそれ以外の他の重合体が混合されていてもよい。その際、特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)に対して、それ以外の他の重合体の含有量は0.5~15質量%、好ましくは1.0~10質量%である。それ以外の他の重合体としては、上記式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物を含まないジアミン成分と上記式[3]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分から得られるポリイミド前駆体またはポリイミドが挙げられる。さらには、ポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミド以外の重合体、具体的には、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ポリスチレンまたはポリアミドなども挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、液晶配向膜として用いることができる。また、垂直配向用途などの場合では配向処理なしでも液晶配向膜として用いることができる。この際に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板なども用いることができる。プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウェハなどの不透明な基板も使用でき、この場合の電極としてはアルミなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。
下記で用いた略号は以下の通りである。
(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
A-1:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A-2:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
A-3:ピロメリット酸二無水物
B-1:1,3-ジアミノ-5-[4-{1-(トランス-4-n-ペンチルシクロへキシル)-トランス-4-シクロへキシル}フェノキシメチル]ベンゼン
B-2:1,3-ジアミノ-4-{4-(4-n-ヘプチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシ}ベンゼン
B-3:1,4-フェニレンジアミン
B-4:N-(3-ピコリル)-3,5-ジアミノベンズアミド
B-5:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
B-6:ジアミノジフェニルメタン
C-1:3-アミノピリジン
D-1:2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)プロパン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
ポリアミド酸及びポリイミドの分子量は、昭和電工社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製 NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5から10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
A-2(48.9g,19.5mmol)、B-1(31.0g,6.89mmol)、B-3(17.4g、16.0mmol)をNMP(290g)中で混合し、40℃で5時間反応させた後、A-1(5.77g,2.94mmol)とNMP(120g)を加え、40℃で15時間反応させポリアミド酸の溶液(濃度20.0質量%)を得た。このポリアミド酸の数平均分子量は11,700、重量平均分子量は40,600であった。
A-2(236g,94.0mmol)、B-2(84.5g,22.2mmol)、B-4(53.7g、22.1mmol)、B-5(101g、66.3mmol)をNMP(1510g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させた後、A-1(30.4g,15.5mmol)とNMP(506g)を加え、40℃で15時間反応させポリアミド酸の溶液(濃度20.0質量%)を得た。このポリアミド酸の数平均分子量は12,600、重量平均分子量は61,400であった。
実施例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(A)と実施例2で得られたポリイミド溶液(B)を、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)が質量%で20:80になるように室温で混合し、さらにD-1をポリイミドに対して3質量%加えて攪拌し、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過して実施例3の液晶配向処理剤を得た。
実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)を、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)が質量%で40:60になるように室温で混合し、さらにD-1をポリイミドに対して3質量%加えて攪拌し、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過して実施例4の液晶配向処理剤を得た。
実施例3と同様にして、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)を、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)が質量%で70:30になるように室温で混合し、さらにD-1をポリイミドに対して3質量%加えて攪拌し、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過して実施例5の液晶配向処理剤を得た。
実施例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(A)に、D-1をポリイミドに対して3質量%加えて攪拌し、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過して比較例1の液晶配向処理剤を得た。
実施例1で得られたポリイミド溶液(A)と実施例2で得られたポリイミド溶液(B)を、ポリイミド溶液(A)とポリイミド溶液(B)が質量%で20:80になるように室温で混合し、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過して比較例2の液晶配向処理剤を得た。
特許文献2を参考にして、A-1(19.6g, 10mmol)、A-3(20.1g, 9.19mmol)、B-6(39.7g, 20mmol)をNMP(450g)中で混合し、23℃で4時間反応させポリアミド酸の溶液(濃度15.0質量%)を得た。この溶液にNMP、BCSを加え、ポリアミド酸が6質量%、NMPが49質量%、BCSが45質量%になるよう、ポリアミド酸溶液(C)を調製した。
液晶配向処理剤をITO電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に4μmのスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合うようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-2041(メルク・ジャパン社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して垂直配向液晶セルを得た。なお、実施例3~5及び比較例1~3の液晶配向処理剤を用い、それぞれ上記操作を行って垂直配向液晶セルを得た。
液晶配向処理剤をITO電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。本基板をローラー回転数1000rpm、ステージ速度50mm/秒、ローラー押し込み圧0.2mmでコットンによりラビングした。さらに該基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に4μmのスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合うように、またラビング方向がアンチパラレルになるようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-2041(メルク・ジャパン社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して垂直配向液晶セルを得た。なお、実施例3~5及び比較例1~3の液晶配向処理剤を用い、それぞれ上記操作を行って垂直配向液晶セルを得た。
実施例3~5及び比較例1~3の各液晶配向処理剤をクロム基板(クロムを蒸着したガラス基板)にスピンコートし、温度23℃、相対湿度60%の雰囲気下で10分間放置し、その後、塗膜面端部に重合体の凝集物が発生しているかどうかを目視観察した。評価結果を表51に示す。
Claims (14)
- 下記の特定重合体(A)、特定重合体(B)および特定架橋性化合物(C)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向処理剤。
特定重合体(A):式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物を原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体。
特定重合体(B):式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物を原料の一部に用い、かつ原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合が、特定重合体(A)の原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合より少ないポリイミド前駆体およびポリイミドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体。
特定架橋性化合物(C):エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基及びシクロカーボネート基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び炭素数1~6のアルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を2個以上有する架橋性化合物、または、重合性不飽和結合を2個以上有する架橋性化合物。
- 特定重合体(A)の原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合を1とした場合、特定重合体(B)の原料の全ジアミン成分中の式[1]で示される側鎖を有するジアミン化合物の割合が、0.3以上1.0未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 特定重合体(A)及び特定重合体(B)の少なくとも一方が、原料のジアミン成分として下記式[2]で示されるジアミン化合物を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 特定架橋性化合物(C)が、オキセタン基を有する架橋性化合物、シクロカーボネート基を有する架橋性化合物、または、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び炭素数1~6のアルコキシアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の置換基を有するベンゼンまたはフェノール性化合物である架橋性化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)が、ポリアミド酸であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)が、ポリアミド酸を脱水閉環させて得られるポリイミドであることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 特定重合体(A)および特定重合体(B)の総量100質量部に対し、特定架橋性化合物(C)が0.1質量部~50質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 5~60質量%の貧溶媒を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向処理剤を用いて得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有してなり、前記一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線および熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物を配置し、前記電極間に電圧を印加しつつ前記重合性化合物を重合させる工程を経て製造される液晶表示素子に用いられることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 請求項12または13に記載の液晶配向膜を有することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
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