WO2013044815A1 - 一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013044815A1
WO2013044815A1 PCT/CN2012/082099 CN2012082099W WO2013044815A1 WO 2013044815 A1 WO2013044815 A1 WO 2013044815A1 CN 2012082099 W CN2012082099 W CN 2012082099W WO 2013044815 A1 WO2013044815 A1 WO 2013044815A1
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vacuum
rate
degree
temperature
holding
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PCT/CN2012/082099
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶雷
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重庆润泽医药有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/047Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021Removal of binder or filler
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/11Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1125Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/11Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1137Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers by coating porous removable preforms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of a porous medical metal implant material, in particular to a preparation method of a porous material for a medical implant material.
  • Porous medical metal implant materials have important and special applications for treating bone tissue wounds, femoral tissue necrosis, and replacing dense bone tissues such as teeth. Common materials such as porous metal stainless steel and porous metal titanium are common materials.
  • the porosity should be 30 ⁇ 80%, and the pores are preferably all connected and evenly distributed, or as needed to conform to the bone tissue growth of the human body. , and reduce the weight of the material itself, suitable for human implant use.
  • the refractory metal ruthenium due to its excellent biocompatibility, is expected to be a substitute for the conventional medical metal biomaterials described above. Since metal ruthenium is harmless to the human body, non-toxic, has no side effects, and with the rapid development of medicine at home and abroad, the understanding of sputum as a human implant material is further deepened, and the demand for porous metal ruthenium material for human body implantation is required. It has become more and more urgent, and its requirements are getting higher and higher. Among them, as a porous medical implanted metal crucible, it is expected to be a novel substitute for bone tissue if it has a high uniform distribution of interconnected pores and physical and mechanical properties compatible with the human body.
  • porous metal material for medical implantation it is basically a powder sintering method as a general porous metal material, in particular, a metal in a powder sintering method for obtaining a porous metal foam structure with pore communication and uniform distribution. Drying of the powder slurry on the organic foam after drying and sintering is referred to as foam impregnation.
  • the porous metal material obtained by powder sintering generally has a very good metal mechanical property, and the main reason is how to arrange the support and elimination relationship of the pore-forming medium and the collapse problem in the sintering process of the metal powder.
  • porous tantalum powder sintering for the purpose of obtaining medical implant materials has been reported in the literature.
  • the porous metal obtained is either used as a filter material, or used for aerospace and other high temperature applications rather than as a medical metal implant material, and the porous metal processed is also non-porous.
  • porous tantalum US5282861 discloses an open-celled tantalum material for use in cancellous bone implants, cells and tissue receptors and its preparation.
  • the porous crucible is made of pure commercial crucible.
  • the carbon skeleton obtained by thermal degradation of the polyurethane precursor is a scaffold.
  • the carbon skeleton has multiple dodecahedrons, and the inside is a grid-like structure.
  • Hole, high porosity Up to 98%, the commercial pure ruthenium is bonded to the carbon skeleton by chemical vapor deposition and permeation to form a porous metal microstructure, which is simply referred to as a chemical deposition method.
  • the porous tantalum material obtained by this method has a tantalum layer thickness of 40 to 60 m; in the whole porous material, the helium weight accounts for about 99%, and the carbon skeleton weight accounts for about 1%. 5 ⁇ 3. 5GPa, tensile strength 63MPa, plastic deformation amount of 15%, the compressive strength of the porous material is further described.
  • a porous crucible for medical implant materials such as teeth, such as teeth
  • the mechanical properties of the material, such as ductility are obviously insufficient, and it will affect the subsequent processing of the porous tantalum material itself, such as molded parts. Cutting, etc.
  • a method for preparing a medical porous tantalum material comprising: preparing a slurry of polyhydric alcohol and rhodium powder into a slurry, injecting the slurry into an organic foam by vibration and pressure, drying, degreasing, sintering, cooling, and The heat treatment step produces a medical porous tantalum material; the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution has a mass concentration of 2 to 8%, and the vibration frequency is 20 to 80 times/minute.
  • the vibration and pressure method of the present invention effectively avoids the poor dispersibility which is easy to occur in the addition of tantalum powder to the sponge, which makes the distribution uneven and thus seriously affects the mechanical properties of the final porous tantalum material. The problem.
  • medical porous metal materials as materials for replacing weight-bearing bone tissue require a large porosity, so that human tissue can easily grow in, and biocompatibility is sufficient to fully exert its function, but
  • its impurity content can be less than 0.2%
  • its porous material is tested to have a porosity of less than 0.2%.
  • Biocompatibility and biosafety density up to 5. 83 ⁇ 7.
  • the present invention The resulting porous tantalum is well suited for use in medical implant materials that replace load bearing bone tissue.
  • the preparation method is simple and easy to control; the whole preparation process is harmless, non-polluting, non-toxic dust, has no side effects on the human body, and is suitable for industrial scale production.
  • a further feature of the present invention is that a metal tantalum powder having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% is used, and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is used as a binder and water as a dispersing agent and the tantalum powder.
  • a metal tantalum powder having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% is used, and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is used as a binder and water as a dispersing agent and the tantalum powder.
  • organic foam is poly The urethane foam is then vacuum dried to remove water.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol is heated to dissolve with distilled water, and a slurry of polyvinyl alcohol having a mass concentration of 45% and a metal cerium powder is used to prepare a tantalum powder slurry, wherein the weight is 6 9 parts (preferably 7 parts).
  • the metal niobium powder is added to the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol in a weight of 1 part, and uniformly stirred to form a paste; and the vibration is applied by vibration (the vibration frequency is preferably 60 times/min, and the pressure is preferably 0. IMPa).
  • the above-mentioned tantalum powder slurry is subjected to vibration and pressure injection into the organic foam body, the above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface, and the ratio of the spray amount to the metal tantalum powder is 1: 6
  • metal niobium powder with an average particle size of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% helps to reduce the content of impurities and ensure better mechanical properties.
  • the selected pore size is 0.48 0.89mm and the density is 0.025 g/cm 3 0.035.
  • polyurethane foam with a hardness of more than 50° helps to ensure the porosity and pore diameter of the porous crucible.
  • a further feature of another aspect of the invention is that the degree of vacuum of the drying is maintained at a vacuum of 10 - 2 lPa, and then under a protective atmosphere, such as a vacuum of 10 - 4 10 - 3 Pa, and a temperature of 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • the degreasing treatment of the polyvinyl alcohol and the organic foam is removed; and the porous sintered body is obtained by vacuum sintering treatment at a vacuum of not less than 10 - 4 10 - 3 Pa, a temperature of 2000 2200 ° C, and a holding time of 15 hours.
  • the inert gas protection can be used instead of the vacuum protection; finally, the vacuum annealing treatment is carried out, wherein the vacuum annealing treatment means that the temperature is maintained at 1000 1250 ° C after the vacuum sintering, the holding time is 14 hours, and the vacuum degree is not lower than 10- 4 10- 3 Pa
  • the degreasing treatment conditions further include: gradually increasing the temperature to 400 800 ° C at a rate of 0.5 ° C / min 5 ° C / min, argon gas into a protective atmosphere and holding for 30 min 120 min;
  • the vacuum sintering conditions further include: a vacuum degree of not less than 10 - 3 P a , a temperature increase rate of not higher than 10 20 ° C / m in from room temperature to 1200 ° C 1500 ° C, after 1 h 2 h; Increasing to 2000 2200 ° C at a temperature increase rate lower than 20 ° C / min, at least 2 h 4 h;
  • the cooling conditions after vacuum sintering further include: a vacuum degree of not less than 10 - 3 P a , a cooling capacity of not less than 25 ° C / min, not less than 10 ° C / min, and a sintered porous body
  • the section is cooled down to 800 ° C, the holding time of each section is 30 min 90 min, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace;
  • the vacuum annealing conditions also include: the vacuum degree is not lower than 10 - 4 Pa, and the temperature is raised to 1000 1250 ° C at a rate of not higher than 30 ° C / m in, and the temperature is kept for 4 h 6 h; The cooling rate of 5 ° C / min but not higher than 30 ° C / min was cooled to room temperature in sections, and the holding time of each section was decreased and not more than 1.5 h within 3 h.
  • the vacuum drying degree is 10 - 2 lPa
  • the drying temperature is 60 100 ° C
  • the drying time is 48 hours
  • the degreasing treatment conditions further include: gradually increasing the temperature to 600 800 °C, with pure argon (99.9999%) into the protective atmosphere, from room temperature to 400 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min, insulation 30 ⁇ 60min, at a rate of 0. 5 ⁇ 1.
  • the vacuum sintering conditions also include: 10 ⁇ 15 ° C / min to a rate of from room temperature to 1200 ⁇ 1250 ° C, insulation 30 ⁇ 60min, the degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 Pa; a rate of 10 ⁇ 20 ° C / min was raised to 1500 ° C, insulation 30 ⁇ 60min, the degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 Pa, at a rate of 6 ⁇ 20 ° C / min was raised to 2000 ⁇ 2200 ° C, insulation 120 ⁇ 240min, the degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 P a; cooling conditions after vacuum sintering further include: a degree of vacuum of 10 - 4 Pa ⁇ 10 - 3 P a; cooling at a rate of 10 to 20 ° C / min to 1500 ⁇ 1600 ° C, holding 30 ⁇ 60min Cooling to 1200 ⁇ 1250 ° C at a rate of 12 ⁇ 20 ° C at a rate of 12 ⁇ 20
  • vacuum drying, degreasing treatment, etc. are helpful to reduce the content of impurities in porous tantalum, improve biocompatibility and biosafety and mechanical properties; optimize the organic foam material to solve the foam skeleton in the sintering process. Collapse problem; optimization of the process conditions of the sintering and annealing steps to further improve the mechanical properties of the porous tantalum such as ductility.
  • Example 1 12 g of polyvinyl alcohol was weighed and placed in a vessel containing 240 ml of distilled water; it was placed on an electric furnace and heated and stirred to make an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. 60 g of an anthracene powder having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% was weighed using a 200 g balance, and 50 ml of a cooled aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and mixed to obtain a tantalum powder slurry. 10 10 10 10 X 30 mm porous polyurethane foam (average pore diameter of 0. 48 mm, density of 0.
  • the 5% of the content of the porous material is less than 0.5%.
  • the inventor is tested according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006, GB/T5249_1985, GB/T6886-2001, etc., the porosity, porosity, pore size and various mechanical properties of the porous material: Finished product, its pore distribution is uniform and connected, density 6. 2 g / cm 3 , porosity 57%, average pore diameter 180 m, elastic modulus 2 8% ⁇ 8. 8GPa, bending strength of 102MPa, compressive strength of 75Mpa, elongation of 9.8%.
  • Example 2 10 g of polyvinyl alcohol was weighed and placed in a vessel containing 200 ml of distilled water; it was placed on an electric furnace and heated and stirred to make an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. 40 g of an anthracene powder having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% was weighed by a 200 g balance, and 32 ml of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and mixed to make it into a tantalum powder slurry. The 10 10 10 X 25 mm porous polyurethane foam (average pore diameter of 0. 56 density 0.
  • Vacuum sintering Sintering in a vacuum furnace, sintering temperature 2100 ° C, holding for 4 hours, vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, argon gas protection during sintering, removing surface dust and dirt after removing the product, and preparing the sample for routine The post-treatment is porous and finished.
  • the finished product is inspected according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and the like, the porous material density, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties of the porous material: the impurity content is less than 0.5% of the finished product, The pores are evenly distributed and connected, with a density of 7. 5 g / cm 3 , a porosity of 63%, an average pore diameter of 250 m, and an elastic modulus.
  • Example 3 Polyvinyl alcohol l lg was weighed and placed in a vessel containing 220 ml of distilled water; it was placed on an electric furnace and heated and stirred to make an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. The granules having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% were weighed in an amount of 45 g, and 36 ml of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and mixed to obtain a mash slurry. 88 8 X 25mm porous polyurethane foam (average pore diameter of 0. 70mm, density 0. 035g / cm 3 , hardness 70 °), the pressure powder method at 80 times / min 0.
  • the finished product is inspected according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and the like, the porous material density, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties of the porous material: the impurity content is less than 0.5% of the finished product, 5% ⁇
  • the pores are evenly and connected, with a density of 6. 5 g / cm 3 , a porosity of 55%, an average pore diameter of 130 m, an elastic modulus of 3. 2GPa, a flexural strength of 106MPa, a compressive strength of 72Mpa, an elongation of 9. 4%
  • Example 4 12 g of polyvinyl alcohol was weighed and placed in a vessel containing 230 ml of distilled water; it was placed on an electric furnace and heated and stirred to make an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. 50 g of an anthracene powder having an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1% was weighed by a 200 g balance, and 40 ml of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and mixed to obtain a tantalum powder slurry. The 12 12 12 X 30 mm porous polyurethane foam (pore diameter 0. 60 mm, density 0.
  • the finished product is inspected according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and the like, the porous material density, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties of the porous material: the impurity content is less than 0.5% of the finished product,
  • the pores are evenly distributed and connected, with a density of 6. 3 g / cm 3 , a porosity of 65%, an average pore diameter of 290 m, and an elastic modulus.
  • Example 5 a porous crucible, which has a particle size of less than 43 m, an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution as a binder solution, and is vibrated. Pressurization is applied to the polyurethane foam carrier, and then the above aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is sprayed on the surface; and vacuum drying, degreasing treatment, vacuum sintering, vacuum annealing and conventional post treatment are carried out.
  • the selected polyurethane foam has a pore diameter of 0. 72 0. 56 density 0. 025g/cm 3 , hardness 50 80° vibration pressurization: frequency 23 times / min 0. IMpa;
  • Vacuum drying Maintain a vacuum of 10 - 2 lPa to remove moisture from the polyurethane foam filled with the powder slurry;
  • Degreasing treatment Under an inert gas atmosphere or a vacuum of 10 - 4 10 - 3 Pa, temperature 400 ° C 800 ° C, and holding time of 30 120 minutes to remove the polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane foam;
  • Vacuum sintering the degree of vacuum is lower than 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, the temperature is 2000 2200 ° C, the holding time is 15 hours, and the argon gas or other inert gas is protected during the sintering process to obtain a porous material;
  • Vacuum annealing After vacuum sintering, the temperature is maintained at 1000 1250 ° C, the holding time is 14 hours, the vacuum degree is 10 - 4 10 - 3 Pa, and the stress relief annealing treatment is performed; the prepared sample is subjected to conventional post-treatment. The porous product is obtained.
  • the finished product is inspected according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and the like, the porous material density, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties of the porous material: the impurity content is less than 0.5% of the finished product,
  • the pores are evenly distributed and connected, with a density of 5.83 g / cm 3 , a porosity of 60%, an average pore diameter of 200 m, and an elastic modulus.
  • the rate is from room temperature 60min, really 10 4 Pa; 15 °C / min rate rises to 400 ° C, rises to 1250 ° C at irC / min, keeps warm to 1030 ° C, heat preservation 60min / 60min; 480min /

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Abstract

一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将聚乙烯醇水溶液与钽粉配成浆料,采用震动加压将所述浆料注入有机泡沫体中,再经干燥、脱脂、烧结、冷却和热处理步骤制得医用多孔钽材料,所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为2~8%,所述震动频率为20~80次/分钟,本发明制得的多孔钽非常适合用于替代承重骨组织的医用植入材料,同时保证了生物相容性与力学性能。

Description

一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔医用金属植入材料的制备方法, 特别是涉及一种医用植入材料多 孔钽的制备方法。
背景技术
多孔医用金属植入材料具有治疗骨组织创伤、 股骨组织坏死和替代致密骨组织如牙齿 等重要而特殊的用途, 现常见的这类材料有多孔金属不锈钢、 多孔金属钛等。 作为骨组织 创伤和股骨组织坏死治疗使用的多孔植入材料, 其孔隙度应达 30〜80%, 而且孔隙最好全 部连通与均匀分布, 或根据需要使之既与人体的骨组织生长相一致, 又减轻了材料本身的 重量, 以适合人体植入使用。
而难熔金属钽, 由于它具有优秀的生物相容性, 其多孔材料有望作为替代前述等传统 医用金属生物材料。 由于金属钽对人体的无害、 无毒、 无副作用, 以及随着国内外医学的 飞速发展, 对钽作为人体植入材料认知的进一步深入, 人们对人体植入用多孔金属钽材料 的需求变得越来越迫切, 对其要求也越来越高。 其中作为多孔医用植入金属钽, 如果能具 有很高的均匀分布连通孔隙以及与人体相适应的物理机械性能, 则其有望作为一种新型的 骨组织替代材料。
作为医用植入的多孔金属材料就像一般的多孔金属材料那样基本上是以粉末烧结法 为主要的加工方法, 特别是为获取孔隙连通与均匀分布的多孔金属泡沫结构采用粉末烧结 法中的金属粉末浆料在有机泡沫体上的浸渍后干燥再烧结简称泡沫浸渍法居多。 关于粉末 烧结所获得的多孔金属材料通常其金属力学性能并不是很好, 其主要原因是工艺上如何安 排成孔介质的支撑与消除关系、 金属粉末烧结过程中的塌陷问题。 而已知的文献报道中均 没有很好的解决方法而放任自然。
采用金属粉末烧结法制造多孔钽的文献报道很少, 特别是以获得医用植入材料用为目 的的多孔钽粉末烧结法文献报道几乎没有。可以参考的是公开号为 CN200510032174, 名称 "三维通孔或部分孔洞彼此相连多孔金属泡沫及其制备方法" 以及 CN200710152394,名称 "一种新型多孔泡沫钨及其制备方法" 。 然而其所获得的多孔金属或是为过滤材料用, 或 是为航空航天及其它高温场合用而非作为医用金属植入材料使用, 再者所加工的多孔金属 也非多孔钽。
关于多孔钽, US5282861 公开了一种应用于松质骨植入体、 细胞和组织感受器的开孔 钽材料及其制备。 这种多孔钽由纯商业钽制成, 它以聚亚氨酯前体进行热降解得到的碳骨 架为支架, 该碳骨架呈多重的十二面体, 其内为网格样结构, 整体遍布微孔, 孔隙率可高 达 98%, 再将商业纯钽通过化学蒸气沉积、 渗透的方法结合到碳骨架上以形成多孔金属微 结构, 简称为化学沉积法。 这种方法所获得的多孔钽材料其表面的钽层厚度在 40〜60 m 之间; 在整个多孔材料中, 钽重约占 99%, 而碳骨架重量则占 1%左右。 文献进一步记载, 该多孔材料的抗压强度 50〜70MPa, 弹性模量 2. 5〜3. 5GPa, 抗拉强度 63MPa, 塑性变形量 15%。 但是将它作为致密骨组织如牙齿等医用植入材料的多孔钽, 其材料的力学性能如延 展性有明显不足之处, 而且会影响到后续的对多孔钽材料本身的加工, 例如成型件的切割 等。 同样在前述的金属粉末烧结法所获得的产品也均存在这样的不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物相容性好的医用多孔钽植入材料的制备方法, 该制备 方法操作简便、 适合于工业化规模生产。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术手段实现的:
一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将聚乙醇水溶液与钽粉配成浆料, 震 动加压将所述浆料注入有机泡沫体中, 再经干燥、 脱脂、 烧结、 冷却和热处理步骤制得医 用多孔钽材料; 所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为 2〜8%, 所述震动频率为 20〜80次 /分 钟。
发明人在长期研发过程中发现, 采用本发明的震动加压法有效避免了钽粉加入海绵体 中容易出现的分散性不好, 使得其分布不均匀从而严重影响最终的多孔钽材料的力学性能 的问题。 在医用多孔金属材料的研发过程中, 医用多孔金属材料作为替代承重骨组织的材 料, 要求其孔隙率较大、 这样人体组织才易长入、 生物相容性好从而充分地发挥其作用, 但孔隙率越大、 孔径越大, 力学性能如强度、 韧性就得不到保证; 反之, 力学性能好了又 易使孔隙率过小、 生物相容性不好、 密度也过大引起不舒适感; 医用多孔钽的制备路线众 多, 但发明人创造性地提出了采用上述步骤、 工艺制备医用多孔钽植入材料, 其制得的多 孔钽材料经过测试其杂质含量可低于 0. 2%、 其生物相容性与生物安全性好, 密度可达 5. 83〜7. 50g/cm3, 孔隙度可达 55〜65%, 孔隙直径可达 130〜300 μ m; 弹性模量可达 2. 5〜 4. 0Gpa、 延伸率达 9. 3〜10. 5%、 弯曲强度可达 90〜110Mpa、 抗压强度可达 70〜80Mpa, 其 生物相容性、 强韧性接近于人体承重骨组织的特性, 本发明制得的多孔钽非常适合用于替 代承重骨组织的医用植入材料。 同时, 所述的制备方法工艺简单、 易控; 整个制备过程无 害、 无污染、 无毒害粉尘, 对人体无副作用, 适于工业化规模生产。 再者, 在制备过程中 优先采用在烧结过程中能够全部分解, 没有残留的试剂及有机泡沫体等, 将有利于保证植 入材料的生物相容性和生物安全性。
本发明的进一步的特点是:采用其平均粒径小于 43 μ m、氧含量小于 0. 1%的金属钽粉, 采用聚乙烯醇水溶液为粘结剂和水为分散剂与所述的钽粉制成钽粉浆料, 有机泡沫体为聚 氨酯泡沫, 然后真空干燥除去水。
其中, 将聚乙烯醇用蒸馏水加热至溶解, 采用质量百分比浓度为 4 5%的聚乙烯醇水 溶液与金属钽粉制成钽粉浆料, 其中, 将重量为 6 9份 (优选 7份) 的金属钽粉加入重 量为 1份的所述聚乙烯醇水溶液中, 搅拌均匀制成浆糊状; 并采用震动加压 (震动频率优 选为 60 次 /min、 压力优选为 0. IMPa) 注于孔径为 0.48 0.89mm, 密度 0.015 g/cm3 0.035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50° (优选孔径为 0.56 0.72 密度 0.025g/cm3, 硬度 50° 80°) 的聚氨酯泡沫中。
进一步优选地, 将上述钽粉浆料震动加压注入有机泡沫体后, 还在表面均匀地喷涂上 述的聚乙烯醇水溶液, 喷涂量与上述金属钽粉的重量份比为 1: 6
优先选择平均粒径小于 43 μ m、 氧含量小于 0.1%的金属钽粉有助于减少杂质的含量, 保证材料具有较好的力学性能;选择孔径为 0.48 0.89mm,密度 0.025 g/cm3 0.035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50°的聚氨酯泡沫有助于保证多孔钽的孔隙度与孔隙直径。
本发明另一方面的进一步的特点是: 干燥的真空度保持 10— 2 lPa真空度, 然后在保 护气氛下, 例如真空度 10— 4 10— 3Pa, 温度 400°C 800°C条件下进行除去聚乙烯醇和有机 泡沫体的脱脂处理; 再在真空度不低于 10— 4 10— 3Pa, 温度 2000 2200°C, 保温时间 1 5 小时的真空烧结处理制得多孔烧结体。 烧结过程保温时可以充惰性气体保护代替真空保 护; 最后进行真空退火处理, 其中真空退火处理是指经过真空烧结后继续保持温度处于 1000 1250°C, 保温时间 1 4小时, 真空度为不低于 10— 4 10— 3Pa
上述脱脂处理条件还包括有: 以 0.5°C/min 5°C/min的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 30min 120min;
真空烧结条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 10 20°C/min的升温速率从 室温升至 1200°C 1500°C,保温 lh 2h后;再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000 2200°C , 至少保温 2h 4h;
真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不低于 10°C/min渐降冷却速率方式,对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C,各段保温时间 30min 90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温;
真空退火条件还包括有:真空度不低于 10— 4Pa, 以不高于 30°C/min的速率升至 1000 1250°C, 保温 4h 6h; 再以先慢后快以不低于 5°C/min但不高于 30°C/min的冷却速率分 段冷却至室温, 各段的保温时间呈递减且不超过 1.5 h 3h内选择。
在此基础上更进一步的特点是: 所述真空干燥的真空度为 10— 2 lPa, 干燥温度 60 100°C, 干燥时间 4 8小时; 所述脱脂处理条件还包括有: 逐步升温至 600 800°C, 以纯 净氩气 (99.9999%) 通入构成保护气氛, 以 l 5°C/min 的速率从室温升至 400°C, 保温 30〜60min, 以 0. 5〜1. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保温 60〜120min, 所述 真空烧结条件还包括有: 以 10〜15°C/min 的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷 却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷 却; 所述真空退火条件还包括有: 以 15〜30°C /min的速率升至 1000〜1250°C, 保温 240〜 480min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 再以 5〜10°C/min 的速率冷却至 1000°C, 保温 90〜 180min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C,保温 60〜120min, 真空度低于 10— 4Pa; 以 20〜30°C/min的速率冷却至室温, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa。
其中对真空干燥、 脱脂处理等是有助于减少多孔钽中杂质的含量, 提高生物相容性和 生物安全性好及力学性能; 对有机泡沫体材料的优化以解决烧结过程中泡沫骨架的不易塌 陷问题;对烧结及退火步骤的工艺条件优化, 以进一步提高多孔钽的力学性能如延展性等。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述, 有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对 本发明进行进一步说明, 不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制, 该领域的技术人员可以根 据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例 1 : 称取聚乙烯醇 12. 2g, 放入装有 240ml蒸馏水的容器中; 将其放在电炉上 加温并搅拌使之成为聚乙烯醇水溶液。 用 200g天平称量平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小 于 0. 1%的钽粉 60g, 加入 50ml冷却的聚乙烯醇水溶液, 搅拌混合均匀, 使之成为钽粉浆 料。选用 10 X 10 X 30mm多孔聚氨酯泡沫(平均孔径为 0. 48mm,密度 0. 025g/cm3,硬度 50。), 在 55次 /min、 0. IMpa下震动加压法将所述钽粉浆料浇注入其中。 在真空干燥箱中干燥, 干燥温度 60°C, 干燥时间 8小时, 真空度保持 lPa。 脱脂处理: 真空度低于 10— 4Pa, 温度 600°C, 保温时间 120分钟。 真空烧结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2000°C, 保温 2小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa, 烧结过程充氩气保护, 取出产品后去除表面灰尘及污物, 制得的样品再进 行常规的后处理得多孔钽成品。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006、 GB/T5249_1985、 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 5%的成品, 其孔隙分布均匀且连通, 密度 6. 2g/cm3, 孔隙率 57%, 孔隙平均直径 180 m, 弹性模量 2. 8GPa, 弯曲强度 102MPa, 抗压强度 75Mpa, 延伸率 9. 8%。
实施例 2: 称取聚乙烯醇 10g, 放入装有 200ml蒸馏水的容器中; 将其放在电炉上加 温并搅拌使之成为聚乙烯醇水溶液。 用 200g天平称量平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉 40g, 加入 32ml 聚乙烯醇水溶液, 搅拌混合均匀, 使之成为钽粉浆料。 选用 10 X 10 X 25mm多孔聚氨酯泡沫 (平均孔径为 0. 56 密度 0. 030g/cm3, 硬度 60。), 在 60 次 /min 0. 08Mpa下震动加压法将所述钽粉浆料浇注入其中。 在真空干燥箱中干燥, 干燥 温度 100°C, 干燥时间 4小时, 真空度保持 10— 2Pa。 脱脂处理: 真空度 10— 4Pa, 温度 800°C 保温时间 120分钟。 真空烧结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2100°C, 保温 4小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa, 烧结过程充氩气保护, 取出产品后去除表面灰尘及污物, 制得的样品再进行常规 的后处理得多孔钽成品。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 5%的成品, 其孔隙分布均匀且连通, 密度 7. 5g/cm3, 孔隙率 63%, 孔隙平均直径 250 m, 弹性模量
3. 6GPa, 弯曲强度 97MPa, 抗压强度 80Mpa, 延伸率 10. 2%
实施例 3: 称取聚乙烯醇 l lg, 放入装有 220ml蒸馏水的容器中; 将其放在电炉上加 温并搅拌使之成为聚乙烯醇水溶液。 用 200g天平称量平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉 45g, 加入 36ml 聚乙烯醇水溶液, 搅拌混合均匀, 使之成为钽粉浆料。 选用 8 X 8 X 25mm多孔聚氨酯泡沫 (平均孔径为 0. 70mm, 密度 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度 70°), 在 80次 /min 0. 2Mpa下震动加压法将所述钽粉浆料浇注入其中。 在真空干燥箱中干燥, 干燥温度 80°C, 干燥时间 6小时, 真空度保持 10— ^£1。 脱脂处理: 真空度 10— 3Pa, 温度 700°C, 保温 时间 90分钟。真空烧结:在真空炉中烧结,烧结温度 220CTC,保温 2. 5小时,真空度 10— 3Pa 烧结过程充氩气保护, 冷却出炉, 去除产品表面灰尘及污物, 制得的样品再进行常规的后 处理得多孔钽成品。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 5%的成品, 其孔隙分布均匀且连通, 密度 6. 5g/cm3, 孔隙率 55%, 孔隙平均直径 130 m, 弹性模量 3. 2GPa, 弯曲强度 106MPa, 抗压强度 72Mpa, 延伸率 9. 4%
实施例 4: 称取聚乙烯醇 12g, 放入装有 230ml蒸馏水的容器中; 将其放在电炉上加 温并搅拌使之成为聚乙烯醇水溶液。 用 200g天平称量平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉 50g, 加入 40ml 聚乙烯醇水溶液, 搅拌混合均匀, 使之成为钽粉浆料。 选用 12 X 12 X 30mm多孔聚氨酯泡沫(孔径为 0. 60mm,密度 0. 027g/cm3,硬度 80。),在 23次 /min O. lMpa下震动加压法将所述钽粉浆料浇注入其中。 在真空干燥箱中干燥, 干燥温度 90°C 干燥时间 5小时, 真空度保持 lPa。 脱脂处理: 真空度 10— 4 10— 3Pa, 温度 500°C, 保温时 间 120分钟。真空烧结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2150°C, 保温 2小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa 烧结过程充氩气保护, 冷却出炉, 去除产品表面灰尘及污物, 制得的样品再进行常规的后 处理得多孔钽成品。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 5%的成品, 其孔隙分布均匀且连通, 密度 6. 3g/cm3, 孔隙率 65%, 孔隙平均直径 290 m, 弹性模量
2. 8GPa, 弯曲强度 92MPa, 抗压强度 79Mpa, 延伸率 9. 6%
实施例 5: —种多孔钽, 它以粒径小于 43 m、 氧含量小于 0. 1%的金属钽粉为原料, 以聚乙烯醇水溶液为粘结剂溶液制成钽粉浆料, 并震动加压注于聚氨酯泡沫载体中, 然后 在表面喷涂上述聚乙烯醇水溶液; 再进行真空干燥、 脱脂处理、 真空烧结、 真空退火及常 规后处理制得。
其中, 选用的聚氨酯泡沫, 其孔径为 0. 72 0. 56 密度 0. 025g/cm3, 硬度 50 80° 震动加压: 频率 23次 /min 0. IMpa;
真空干燥: 真空度保持 10— 2 lPa, 以除去注满钽粉浆料的聚氨酯泡沫中的水分; 脱脂处理: 在惰性气体保护气氛下或真空度 10— 4 10— 3Pa, 温度 400°C 800°C, 并保 温时间 30 120分钟以除去其中的聚乙烯醇及聚氨酯泡沫;
真空烧结: 真空度低于 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 温度 2000 2200°C, 保温时间 1 5小时, 烧 结过程保温时充氩气或其他惰性气体保护, 以得到多孔材料;
真空退火: 经过真空烧结后继续保持温度处于 1000 1250°C, 保温时间 1 4小时, 真空度为 10— 4 10— 3Pa, 以进行去应力退火处理; 制得的样品再进行常规的后处理得多孔钽 成品。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 5%的成品, 其孔隙分布均匀且连通, 密度 5. 83g/cm3, 孔隙率 60%, 孔隙平均直径 200 m, 弹性模量
3. 2GPa, 弯曲强度 99MPa, 抗压强度 72Mpa, 延伸率 10. 0%
在上述实施例 5给出的方法中, 我们还可以对其中的各种条件作其他选择同样能得到 本发明所述的多孔钽。
实 钽粉粒径 (微 聚 乙烯 钽粉 (重 钽粉与 聚氨酯泡 聚氨酯泡 聚氨酯泡 施 米) /氧含量小 醇水溶 量份):聚 聚氨酯 沫 孔 径 沫 密 度 沫 硬 度 例 于 (%) 液质量 乙烯醇水 泡沫表 (mm) ( g/cm3 ) (°) 浓度 溶液 (重 面喷涂 量份) 的聚乙
烯醇水
溶液重
量份比
6 小于 43/0.1% 2% 6: 1 6: 1 0.50 0.025 50
7 小于 40/0.1% 6% 7.5: 1 5.5: 1 0.88 0.035 55
8 小于 38/0.1% 8% 7: 1 4: 1 0.70 0.030 77
9 小于 41/0.1% 3% 8.8: 1 7: 1 0.60 0.027 66
实 干燥真空度 脱脂气氛 烧结气氛(Pa) /温度 CC ) /时间 (min) 退火气氛(Pa) /升 施 (Pa) (Pa) /温度 温或降温速率 (°c 例 CO /时间 ( °C ) /时间 /min)温度 (°C ) /
(小时) (min) 保温时间(min)
6 1/65/6.5 以 rC/min的 10°C/min的速率 至 1200°C,保温 10 Pa/
速率从室温 60min, 真 为 104Pa; 15 °C/min的速率升 升至 400°C, 以 irC/min的速率升至 1250 °C, 保温 至 1030 °C, 保温 保温 60min/ 60min; 480min/
0.5°C/min的 以 6 °C/min 的速率升至 2030 °C, 保温 5°C/min的速率 速率从 400°C 240min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa; 至 1000 °C, 保温 升至 600°C, 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 irC/min的速 180min/
保温 120min 率 至 1520 °C, 保温 60min; 以 irC/min的速率 以 13°C/min的速率) f¾至 1200 °C, 保温 至 800°C,保温
90min; 108min/
以 13°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随 21 °C/min的速率冷 炉 却至室温
7 1/75/5.5 1.5°C/min的 irC/min的速率 至 1210°。,保温 10"3Pa/17 °C /min 的 速率从室温 58min, 真空度为 104Pa; 速率升至 1050 °C, 升至 400°C, 以 12°C/min的速率升至 1270 °C, 保温 保温 450min/ 保温 58min/ 55min; 6°C/min的速率
0.6°C/min的 以 8 °C/min 的速率升至 2050°C, 保温 至 1000 °c, 保温 速率从 400°C 220min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa; 150min/ 升至 650°C, 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 12°C/min的速 以 12°C/min的速率 保温 HOmin 率 至 1530 °C, 保温 55min; 至 800°C,保温 以 14°C/min的速率) f¾至 1210°C, 保温 102min/
85min; 22°C/min的速率冷 以 14°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随 却至室温 炉
1/55/7 以 2°C/min的 12°C/min的速率 至 1220°。,保温 10"3Pa/20 °C /min 的 速率从室温 55min, 真 为 104Pa; 速率升至 1励。 C, 升至 400°C, 以 13 °C/min的速率升至 1300 °C, 保温 保温 420min/ 保温 56min/ 50min; 7°C/min的速率
0.7°C/min的 以 10°C/min的速率升至 2100 °C, 保温 至 1000 °C, 保温 速率从 400°C 200min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa; 130min/ 升至 680°C, 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 13°C/min的速 以 13°C/min的速率 保温 lOOmin 率 至 1540 °C, 保温 50min; Ρ 800 °C,保温 以 15°C/min的速率) f¾至 1220 °C, 保温 96min/
80min; 23 °C/min的速率冷 以 15°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随 却至室温 炉
1/45/7.5 2.5°C/min的 13°C/min的速率 至 1230°。,保温 10 Pa/22 °C /min 的 速率从室温 50min, 真 为 104Pa; 速率升至 1150°C, 升至 400°C, 以 14°C/min的速率升至 1350 °C, 保温 保温 360min/ 保温 55min/ 45min; 8°C/min的速率
0.8°C/min的 以 12°C/min的速率升至 2150 °C, 保温 至 1000 °C, 保温 速率从 400°C 180min, 真空度为 10—3Pa; 120min/ 升至 700°C, 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 14°C/min的速 以 14°C/min的速率 保温 90min 率 至 1550 °C, 保温 45min; Ρ 800 °C,保温 以 16°C/min的速率) f¾至 1230 °C, 保温 90min/
75min; 24°C/min的速率冷 以 16°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随 却至室温 炉 所得多孔钽成品按前述方法检
Figure imgf000010_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将聚乙醇水溶液与钽粉配成浆料, 采用震动加压将所述浆料注入有机泡沫体中, 再经干燥、 脱脂、 烧结、 冷却和热处理步骤 制得医用多孔钽材料; 所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量浓度为 2〜8%, 所述震动频率为 20〜80 次 /分钟。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述钽粉为平均粒径小于 43 μ πκ 氧 含量小于 0. 1%的金属钽粉, 所述有机泡沫体为孔径 0. 48〜0. 89mm, 密度 0. 015 g/cm3〜 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50°的聚氨酯泡沫。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的质量百 分比浓度为 4〜5%, 金属钽粉与所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的重量份比为 6〜9: 1。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述震动频率为 60次 /min、 压力为 0. IMpa; 所述聚氨酯泡沫为孔径 0. 56〜0. 72mm, 密度 0. 025g/cm3, 硬度 50。〜80。; 金属钽 粉与所述聚乙烯醇水溶液的重量份比为 7: 1。
5、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将上述钽粉浆料震动加压注入 有机泡沫体后, 还在表面均匀地喷涂所述的聚乙烯醇水溶液, 喷涂量与所述金属钽粉的重 量份比为 1 : 6。
6、 如权利要求 3 所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将上述钽粉浆料震动加压注入有机 泡沫体后, 还在表面均匀地喷涂所述的聚乙烯醇水溶液, 喷涂量与所述金属钽粉的重量份 比为 1: 6。
7、 如权利要求 4 所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 将上述钽粉浆料震动加压注入有机 泡沫体后, 还在表面均匀地喷涂所述的聚乙烯醇水溶液, 喷涂量与所述金属钽粉的重量份 比为 1: 6。
8、如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述干燥的真空度保持 10— 2〜lPa 真空度, 然后在保护气氛下, 例如真空度 10— 4〜10— 3Pa, 温度 400°C〜800°C条件下进行除 去聚乙烯醇和有机泡沫体的脱脂处理;再在真空度不低于 10— 4〜10— 3Pa,温度 2000〜2200°C, 保温时间 1〜5 小时的真空烧结处理制得多孔烧结体; 最后进行真空退火处理, 其中真空 退火处理是指经过真空烧结后继续保持温度处于 1000〜1250°C, 保温时间 1〜4小时, 真 空度为不低于 10— 4〜10— 3Pa;
上述脱脂处理条件还包括有: 以 0. 5°C/min〜5°C/min的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 30min〜120min;
真空烧结条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 10〜20°C/min的升温速率从 室温升至 1200°C〜1500°C,保温 lh〜2h后;再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000〜 2200 °C , 至少保温 2h〜4h;
真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不低于 10°C/min渐降冷却速率方式,对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C,各段保温时间 30min〜 90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温;
真空退火条件还包括有:真空度不低于 10— 4Pa, 以不高于 30°C/min的速率升至 1000〜 1250°C , 保温 4h〜6h; 再以先慢后快以不低于 5°C/min但不高于 30°C/min的冷却速率分 段冷却至室温, 各段的保温时间呈递减且不超过 1. 5 h〜3h内选择。
9、 如权利要求 7 所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述脱脂处理条件还包括有: 以 0. 5°C/min〜5°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 30min~ 120min;
真空烧结条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 10〜20°C/min的升温速率从 室温升至 1200°C〜1500°C,保温 lh〜2h后;再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000〜 2200°C , 至少保温 2h〜4h;
真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不低于 10°C/min渐降冷却速率方式,对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C,各段保温时间 30min〜 90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温;
真空退火条件还包括有:真空度不低于 10— 4Pa, 以不高于 30°C/min的速率升至 1000〜 1250°C , 保温 4h〜6h; 再以先慢后快以不低于 5°C/min但不高于 30°C/min的冷却速率分 段冷却至室温, 各段的保温时间呈递减且不超过 1. 5 h〜3h内选择。
10、如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述真空干燥的真空度为 10— 2〜 lPa, 干燥温度 60〜100°C, 干燥时间 4〜8小时; 所述脱脂处理条件还包括有: 逐步升温 至 600〜800°C, 以纯净氩气 (99. 9999%) 通入构成保护气氛, 以 l〜5°C/min的速率从室 温升至 400°C, 保温 30〜60min, 以 0. 5〜1. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保 温 60〜120min, 所述真空烧结条件还包括有: 以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜 1250°C , 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保 温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜 20°C/min的速率冷却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷却; 所述真空退火条件还包括有: 以 15〜30°C/min的速率升至 1000〜 1250°C , 保温 240〜480min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 再以 5〜10°C/min 的速率冷却至 1000°C,保温 90〜180min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 保温 60〜120min, 真空度低于 10— 4Pa; 以 20〜30°C/min 的速率冷却至室温, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa。
11、如权利要求 3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述真空干燥的真空度为 10— 2〜lPa, 干燥温度 60〜100°C,干燥时间 4〜8小时;所述脱脂处理条件还包括有:逐步升温至 600〜 800°C,以纯净氩气(99. 9999%)通入构成保护气氛,以 l〜5°C/min的速率从室温升至 400°C, 保温 30〜60min, 以 0. 5〜1. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保温 60〜120min, 所述真空烧结条件还包括有:以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C,保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷 却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷 却; 所述真空退火条件还包括有: 以 15〜30°C /min的速率升至 1000〜1250°C, 保温 240〜 480min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 再以 5〜10°C/min 的速率冷却至 1000°C, 保温 90〜 180min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C,保温 60〜120min, 真空度低于 10— 4Pa; 以 20〜30°C/min的速率冷却至室温, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa。
12、 如权利要求 4所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述真空干燥的真空度为 10— 2〜lPa, 干燥温度 60〜100°C,干燥时间 4〜8小时;所述脱脂处理条件还包括有:逐步升温至 600〜 800°C,以纯净氩气(99. 9999%)通入构成保护气氛,以 l〜5°C/min的速率从室温升至 400°C, 保温 30〜60min, 以 0. 5〜1. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保温 60〜120min, 所述真空烧结条件还包括有:以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C,保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷 却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷 却; 所述真空退火条件还包括有: 以 15〜30°C /min的速率升至 1000〜1250°C, 保温 240〜 480min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 再以 5〜10°C/min 的速率冷却至 1000°C, 保温 90〜 180min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C,保温 60〜120min, 真空度低于 10— 4Pa; 以 20〜30°C/min的速率冷却至室温, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa。
13、 如权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述真空干燥的真空度为 10— 2〜lPa, 干燥温度 60〜100°C,干燥时间 4〜8小时;所述脱脂处理条件还包括有:逐步升温至 600〜 800°C,以纯净氩气(99. 9999%)通入构成保护气氛,以 l〜5°C/min的速率从室温升至 400°C, 保温 30〜60min, 以 0. 5〜1. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保温 60〜120min, 所述真空烧结条件还包括有:以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C,保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷 却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷 却; 所述真空退火条件还包括有: 以 15〜30°C /min的速率升至 1000〜1250°C, 保温 240〜 480min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 再以 5〜10°C/min 的速率冷却至 1000°C, 保温 90〜 180min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C,保温 60〜120min, 真空度低于 10— 4Pa; 以 20〜30°C/min的速率冷却至室温, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa。
PCT/CN2012/082099 2011-09-29 2012-09-26 一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法 WO2013044815A1 (zh)

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