WO2013044778A1 - 一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013044778A1
WO2013044778A1 PCT/CN2012/081864 CN2012081864W WO2013044778A1 WO 2013044778 A1 WO2013044778 A1 WO 2013044778A1 CN 2012081864 W CN2012081864 W CN 2012081864W WO 2013044778 A1 WO2013044778 A1 WO 2013044778A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vacuum
rate
temperature
powder
room temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/081864
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶雷
Original Assignee
重庆润泽医药有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 重庆润泽医药有限公司 filed Critical 重庆润泽医药有限公司
Publication of WO2013044778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044778A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/047Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08Alloys with open or closed pores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/08Methods for forming porous structures using a negative form which is filled and then removed by pyrolysis or dissolution
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/12Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for dental implants or prostheses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/11Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1125Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical porous metal implant material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a medical porous metal implant material which replaces dense bone tissue and a preparation method thereof.
  • Porous medical metal implant materials have important and special applications for treating bone tissue wounds, femoral tissue necrosis, and replacing dense bone tissues such as teeth. Common materials such as porous metal stainless steel and porous metal titanium are common materials.
  • the porosity should be 30 ⁇ 80%, and the pores are preferably all connected and evenly distributed, or as needed to conform to the bone tissue growth of the human body. , and reduce the weight of the material itself, suitable for human implant use.
  • the refractory metal ⁇ / ⁇ due to its excellent biocompatibility, its porous material is expected to replace the traditional medical metal biomaterials mentioned above. Because metal ruthenium/ruthenium is harmless to the human body, non-toxic, no side effects, and with the rapid development of medicine at home and abroad, the understanding of ⁇ / ⁇ as a human implant material is further deepened. The demand for ⁇ / ⁇ materials is becoming more and more urgent, and the requirements for them are getting higher and higher. Among them, as a porous medical implant metal ⁇ / ⁇ , if it can have a high uniform distribution of connected pores and physical and mechanical properties compatible with the human body, it is expected to be a new type of bone tissue replacement material.
  • porous metal material for medical implantation it is basically a powder sintering method as a general porous metal material, in particular, a metal in a powder sintering method for obtaining a porous metal foam structure with pore communication and uniform distribution. Drying of the powder slurry on the organic foam after drying and sintering is referred to as foam impregnation.
  • the porous metal material obtained by powder sintering generally has a very good metal mechanical property, and the main reason is how to arrange the support and elimination relationship of the pore-forming medium and the collapse problem in the sintering process of the metal powder.
  • porous ruthenium/ruthenium by metal powder sintering, and in particular, the porous ruthenium/iridium powder sintering method for the purpose of obtaining medical implant materials has been reported in the literature.
  • the porous metal obtained is either used as a filter material, or used for aerospace and other high temperature applications rather than as a medical metal implant material, and the porous metal processed is also non-porous.
  • porous tantalum US5282861 discloses an open-celled tantalum material for use in cancellous bone implants, cells and tissue receptors and its preparation.
  • the porous crucible is made of pure commercial crucible.
  • the carbon skeleton obtained by thermal degradation of the polyurethane precursor is a scaffold.
  • the carbon skeleton has multiple dodecahedrons, and the inside is a grid-like structure.
  • Hole, high porosity Up to 98%, the commercial pure ruthenium is bonded to the carbon skeleton by chemical vapor deposition and permeation to form a porous metal microstructure, which is simply referred to as a chemical deposition method.
  • the porous tantalum material obtained by this method has a tantalum layer thickness of 40 to 60 m; in the whole porous material, the helium weight accounts for about 99%, and the carbon skeleton weight accounts for about 1%. 5 ⁇ 3. 5GPa, tensile strength 63MPa, plastic deformation amount of 15%, the compressive strength of the porous material is further described.
  • a porous crucible for medical implant materials such as teeth, such as teeth
  • the mechanical properties of the material, such as ductility are obviously insufficient, and it will affect the subsequent processing of the porous tantalum material itself, such as molded parts. Cutting, etc.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing the above medical porous metal material.
  • the utility model relates to a medical porous metal material, which is characterized in that: the mixed powder is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium hydrogencarbonate to form a mixed powder, and the mixed powder is pressed into an organic foam at 50 to 100 MPa to form, degrease and sinter,
  • the heat treatment step is a vacuum degree of 10 - 4 Pa to 10 - 3 Pa, a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C / min to 800 to 900 ° C, a temperature of 240 to 480 min, and then 2 ⁇ 5 °C / min cold to 400 ° C, heat 120 ⁇ 300min, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace; formed medical porous tantalum material pore diameter of 10 ⁇ 25 m, porosity between 25 ⁇ 35%, modulus of elasticity It is 6. 0 ⁇ 7. 0Gpa, elongation is 14 ⁇ 15%.
  • porous enthalpy of the present invention is very suitable for use as a medical implant material for replacing the dental bone up to 120 ⁇ 130 MPa and the compressive strength can reach 100 ⁇ 140 MPa.
  • the raw material tantalum powder used in the present invention has an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, which is a commercially available product; the above polyvinyl alcohol and sodium hydrogencarbonate are also commercially available products.
  • the above polyvinyl alcohol mainly functions as a molding, but at the same time, it also has a pore-forming action, and the above sodium hydrogencarbonate functions as a pore-forming.
  • the vacuum environment of the present invention preferably employs a vacuum condition of a vacuum of 10 - 4 Pa to 10 - 3 p a . ⁇ 0. 56 ⁇ 0 The hardness is greater than 50° (most preferably the pore diameter is 0. 56 ⁇ 0).
  • the above-mentioned organic foam is preferably a polyurethane foam, further preferably having a pore diameter of 0. 48 ⁇ 0. 89mm, a density of 0. 015 g/cm 3 ⁇ 0. 035g/cm 3 , a hardness of more than 50°. . 72mm, density 0. 025g / cm 3 , hardness 50 ° ⁇ 80 °) in polyurethane foam.
  • the inventors further studied and found that if the above-mentioned preparation is not well controlled, although the medical implant material suitable for replacing the dental bone as described above can be obtained, the product qualification rate is not high, and the stability of the process is not ideal. Affecting its industry Scale-scale production: If the powder is pressed and formed, it is easy to be delaminated and uneven after pressing, and some cracks may occur after degreasing.
  • the amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the above mixed powder is 5 10%, and the amount of sodium hydrogencarbonate is 20 30%.
  • the balance is ⁇ powder, calculated by volume percent (by volume percent, the unit directly calculated by the final porous ruthenium material, and the corresponding powder is also calculated according to the density of the corresponding substance in the above-mentioned mixed powder weighing. More preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 7 to 9%, the sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 26 29%, and the balance is cerium powder; the pressure during the press molding process is preferably 70 80 MPa.
  • the above degreasing process is at a rate of 0.5 ° C / mir 3 ° C / min.
  • the method for preparing the medical porous metal material is sintered by a molding method, and is characterized in that the powder of strontium is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium hydrogencarbonate powder to form a mixed powder, wherein the amount of polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 5 10%, sodium hydrogencarbonate The dosage is 20 30%, the balance is ⁇ powder, in volume percent; and the mixed powder is pressed into the organic foam at 50 100Mpa to form, degrease, vacuum sintering, cooling and heat treatment to obtain porous tantalum.
  • the heat treatment step is a vacuum degree of 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, a temperature of 10 20 ° C / min to 800 900 ° C, a heat retention of 240 480 min, and then cooled to 400 ° C at 25 ° C / min , keep warm for 120 300min, then cool to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the raw material tantalum powder has an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m and an oxygen content of less than 0.1%; and the mixed powder preferably has a polyvinyl alcohol content of 79%, sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 26 29%, and the balance is a tantalum powder, and more preferably a polycondensation. Vinyl alcohol accounts for 8%, sodium bicarbonate accounts for 27%, and the balance is tantalum powder, based on volume percent.
  • the above organic foam is preferably a polyurethane foam, and more preferably has a pore diameter of 0.48 0.89 and a density of 0.015 g/cm 3 and 0.035 g/cm 3 and a hardness of more than 50. (The most preferred is a polyurethane foam having a pore diameter of 0.56 0.72 and a density of 0.025 g/cm 3 and a hardness of 50 ° 80 °).
  • the pressure used in the above pressing process is preferably 70 80 MPa; preferably 0.5° in the above degreasing process.
  • the rate of C/min 3 ° C / min is gradually increased to 400 800 ° C, argon gas is introduced into a protective atmosphere and kept for 60 min and 240 min, and further preferably gradually heated to 400 800 ° C at a rate of 2.5 3 ° C / min.
  • the argon gas is introduced into a protective atmosphere and kept for 150 minutes and 240 minutes, and further preferably gradually heated to 400 800 ° C at a rate of 2.5 ° C / min, and argon gas is introduced to form a protective atmosphere and kept for 220 minutes.
  • the heat treatment step is a vacuum of 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, a temperature of 15 ° C / min to 800 900 ° C, a temperature of 260 320 min, and then 3 Cool to 400 ° C °C / min for 120 min, then cool to room temperature at 18 ° C / min 23 ° C / min.
  • the vacuum sintering conditions of the present invention include: a vacuum degree of 10 - 3 P a , rising from room temperature to 1200 ° C to 1500 ° C at a heating rate of 10 to 20 ° C / m in, after holding for 1 h to 2 h; The temperature is raised to 2000 ⁇ 2200 ° C at a heating rate of 20 ° C / min, and at least 2 h to 4 h.
  • the cooling conditions after vacuum sintering further include: a vacuum degree of not less than 10 - 3 P a , a cooling capacity of not less than 25 ° C / min, not less than 10 ° C / min, and a sintered porous body
  • the section is cooled to 800 ° C, and the holding time of each section is 30 min to 90 min, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the degreasing treatment conditions further include: gradually increasing the temperature to 600 to 800 ° C, specifically by using pure argon gas (99.9999%) to form a protective atmosphere, to 1-3
  • the rate of °C/min is raised from room temperature to 400 ° C, and kept at 60 to 120 min, at a rate of 1.5 to 2. 5 ° C / min from 400 ° C to 600 to 800 ° C, and the temperature is 180 to 240 min.
  • the vacuum sintering conditions further include: increasing from room temperature to 1200 to 1250 ° C at a rate of 10 to 15 ° C / min, holding for 30 to 60 minutes, and having a vacuum of 10 - 4 Pa to 10 - 3 Pa; 10 ⁇ 20 ° C / min rate was raised to 1500 ° C, holding 30 ⁇ 60min, the degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 Pa, at 6 ⁇ 20 ° C / min rate was raised to 2000 ⁇ 2200 ° C , insulation 120 ⁇ 240min, the degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 P a; cooling conditions after the vacuum sintering further comprises: a degree of vacuum of 10- 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 P a; to 10 ⁇ 20 ° C Cool down to 1500 ⁇ 1600 °C at a rate of /min, keep warm for 30 ⁇ 60min; cool to 1200 ⁇ 1250°C at a rate of 12 ⁇ 20°C/min, keep warm for 60 ⁇ 90min; at a rate of 10 ⁇ 20°C/min Cooled
  • metal ruthenium and osmium are very similar, and the above methods are also suitable for the preparation of medical porous ruthenium materials.
  • the porous crucible preparation method of the invention adopts a pure physical molding method, so that the content of impurities in the final porous tantalum material is extremely low, and the biocompatibility and biosafety are effectively improved; the steps of press molding, degreasing, sintering and annealing of the present invention are carried out. Optimization of process conditions, high yield, better uniformity of finished pore size, more stable preparation process, good quality stability, effectively eliminating thermal stress, making the structure of porous tantalum material more uniform, and effectively improving the mechanics of porous tantalum The performance, especially its toughness is greatly improved, and the density is also effectively controlled, so that it has good comfort as a substitute material for the bone.
  • the preparation process of the invention makes the product with high yield and stable production, and the product qualification rate can be as high as 93%. .
  • the porosity of the porous ruthenium obtained by the present invention is uniform and continuous, and the biocompatibility is good.
  • the impurity content can be less than 0.2%, the density can reach 10.84 ⁇ 12. 50g/cm 3 , the porosity can be Up to 25 ⁇ 35%, pore diameter up to 10 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m; elastic modulus up to 6. 0 ⁇ 7. 0Gpa, elongation up to 14% ⁇ 15%, bending strength up to 120 ⁇ 130Mpa, compressive strength Up to 100 ⁇ HOMpa, the porous tantalum of the present invention is very suitable for medical implant materials for replacing dental bone.
  • Example 1 Weighing polyvinyl alcohol, an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m, an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, and a mixture of bismuth powder and sodium hydrogencarbonate are uniformly mixed into a mixed powder, wherein polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 8% and sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 27%. ⁇ powder accounts for 65%, both in volume percent.
  • Press molding the above mixed powder is added to an injection molding machine and pressed at 70 MPa to a polyurethane foam (pore diameter 0. 48 0. 89 density 0. 015 g/cm 3 0. 035 g/cm 3 , hardness greater than 50°) .
  • Degreasing treatment vacuum degree of 10- 4 Pa, argon as a protective gas atmosphere, to 0.
  • Vacuum sintering Sintering in a vacuum furnace, sintering temperature 2000 ° C, holding for 2 hours, vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, sintering process is filled with argon gas protection, remove the product to remove surface dust and dirt, and then carry out conventional cooling treatment.
  • Heat treatment The vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, the temperature is raised to 800 900 ° C at 15 ° C / min, the temperature is 260 320 min, and then cooled to 400 ° C at 3 ° C / min for 120 min, to 18 23 Cool to room temperature at °C/min.
  • the inventor is tested according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and other standards for the porous material, the porosity, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties: the impurity content is less than 0.2%, the pores Uniform distribution, density 12.50g/cm 3 , porosity 25%, average pore diameter 22 ⁇ ⁇ , elastic modulus 6. 5Gpa, elongation 14.5%, flexural strength 130MPa, compressive strength 135MPa
  • Example 2 Weighing polyvinyl alcohol, an average particle diameter of less than 43 ⁇ m, an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, and a mixture of bismuth powder and sodium hydrogencarbonate are uniformly mixed into a mixed powder, wherein polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 9% and sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 23%. , ⁇ powder accounted for 68%, all in volume percent.
  • Press molding The above mixed powder is added to an injection molding machine and pressed at 80 MPa to a polyurethane foam (pore diameter 0. 48 0 ⁇ 89 mm, density 0. 015 g/cm 3 0. 035 g/cm 3 , hardness greater than 50). forming.
  • Degreasing treatment vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, argon gas as a protective atmosphere, heating temperature from room temperature to 400 ° C at a heating rate of 1.5 ° C / min, holding for 100 min.
  • Vacuum sintering Sintering in a vacuum furnace, sintering temperature 2100 ° C, heat preservation for 4 hours, vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, sintering process is filled with argon gas protection, remove the product, remove surface dust and dirt, and then carry out conventional cooling treatment.
  • Heat treatment The vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, the temperature is raised to 800 900 ° C at 10 ° C / min, the heat is heated for 240 min, and then cooled to 400 ° C at 5 ° C / min, held for 300 min, cooled with the furnace To room temperature.
  • the inventor is tested according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and other standards for the porous material, the porosity, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties: the impurity content is less than 0.2%, the pores Uniform distribution, density 10.83g/cm 3 , porosity 35%, elongation 14%, average pore diameter 10 m, elastic modulus 6. 2GPa, flexural strength 122MPa, compressive strength 113MPa
  • Example 3 Weigh polyvinyl alcohol, an average particle size of less than 43 ⁇ m, an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, and a mixture of bismuth powder and sodium bicarbonate to form a mixed powder, wherein polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 6% and sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 28%. , ⁇ powder accounted for 66%, both in volume percent Content meter. Press molding: the above mixed powder is added to an injection molding machine and pressed at 66 MPa to a polyurethane foam (pore diameter 0. 48 0. 89 density 0. 015 g/cm 3 0. 035 g/cm 3 , hardness greater than 50°) .
  • Degreasing treatment Vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, argon gas as protective atmosphere, temperature rise from room temperature to 700 ° C at 3 ° C / min, heat preservation for 200 min
  • Vacuum sintering sintering in a vacuum furnace, sintering temperature 2150 ° C , 2 hours of heat preservation, vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, argon gas protection during sintering, cooling out of the furnace, removing dust and dirt on the surface of the product, and performing routine cold treatment.
  • Heat treatment The vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa, the temperature is raised to 800 900 ° C at 20 ° C / min, the temperature is 480 min, and then cooled to 400 ° C at 2 ° C / min, held for 120 min, and cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the inventor is tested according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and other standards for the porous material, the porosity, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties: the impurity content is less than 0.2%, the pores Uniform distribution, density 11.17g/cm 3 , porosity 33%, average pore diameter 20 m, elastic modulus 7. 0GPa, elongation 15%, flexural strength 120MPa, compressive strength 130MPa
  • Example 4 Weigh polyvinyl alcohol, an average particle size of less than 43 ⁇ m, and an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, and the sodium bicarbonate is mixed uniformly to form a mixed powder, wherein polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 5% and sodium hydrogencarbonate accounts for 20%. ⁇ powder accounts for 75%, both in volume percent.
  • Press molding The above mixed powder was placed in an injection molding machine and pressed at 96 MPa to a polyurethane foam (pore diameter 0. 48 0 ⁇ 89 mm, density 0. 015 g/cm 3 0. 035 g/cm 3 , hardness greater than 50.) Forming in the middle.
  • Degreasing treatment Vacuum degree 10 - 4 Pa, argon gas as a protective atmosphere, temperature rise from room temperature to 550 ° C at a heating rate of 2.5 ° C / min, and heat retention for 240 min.
  • Vacuum sintering The degree of vacuum is lower than 10 - 4 Pa 10 - 3 Pa, the temperature is 2000 2200 ° C, the holding time is 15 hours, and the argon gas or other inert gas is protected during the sintering process to obtain a porous material; conventional cooling treatment.
  • Heat treatment The vacuum is 10 - 3 Pa, the temperature is raised to 800 900 ° C at 13 ° C / min, the temperature is maintained for 300 min, and then cooled to 400 ° C at 4 ° C / min, held for 150 min, and cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the inventor is tested according to the standard of GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001 and other standards for the porous material, the porosity, the porosity, the pore diameter and the various mechanical properties: the impurity content is less than 0.2%, the pores Uniform distribution, density 6. 02 g / cm 3 , porosity 30%, average pore diameter 24 ⁇ ⁇ , elastic modulus 2. 8GPa, elongation rate 14.8%, bending strength 88MPa, compressive strength 78MPa
  • Example 5 a porous crucible, which has a particle size of less than 43 m, an oxygen content of less than 0.1%, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate as a raw material, followed by compression molding, degreasing treatment, and vacuum sintering. , vacuum annealing and conventional post-treatment.
  • the mixed powder is placed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere furnace at a certain heating rate to a temperature of 800 ° C, and the protective atmosphere is 99.999% argon gas for degreasing treatment, which is first introduced into pure argon gas for at least 30 minutes before the temperature rise. Eliminate the air inside the furnace The tempering process is carried out at a rate of 2. 5 ° C / min from the temperature of 1. 8 ° C / min from room temperature to 400 ° C, incubated for 76 min, argon gas flow rate of 0.
  • the tungsten is placed in a high-vacuum high-temperature sintering furnace and heated to 220 CTC at a certain heating rate for vacuum sintering.
  • the vacuum of the sintering furnace should be at least 10 - 4 Pa, 10 to 15 ° before the temperature rise.
  • the rate of C/min is raised from room temperature to 1200 ° C, kept for 30 min, the degree of vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa; at a rate of 10 ° C / min, it is raised to 1500 ° C, kept for 30 min, and the degree of vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa ⁇ 10- 3 Pa; at a rate of 6 ° C / min was raised to 2200 ° C, 120min incubation, the degree of vacuum of 10- 3 Pa; sintering is completed, the degree of vacuum of 10- 3 Pa, to 10 ⁇ 15 ° C / min to The rate is cooled to 1600 ° C, kept for 30 min ; cooled to 1200 ° C at a rate of 12 ° C / min, held for 60 min; cooled to 800 ° C at a rate of 10 ° C / min, and then cooled with the furnace;
  • the sample after vacuum sintering is cooled in a vacuum annealing furnace with a corundum container at a certain heating rate to 80 CTC for stress relief annealing.
  • the vacuum in the annealing furnace should be at least 10 - 4 Pa before the temperature rise, which is the degree of vacuum.
  • the temperature is raised to 800 ° C at 18 ° C / min, held for 270 min, then cooled to 400 ° C at 3 ° C / min, held for 130 min, and cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • a conventional post-treatment is carried out to obtain a porous crucible.
  • the impurity content is less than 0.2%
  • the impurity content of the porous material is less than 0.2%
  • the impurity content is less than 0.2%
  • the pores have a uniform distribution, a density of 12.34 g / cm 3 , a porosity of 26%, an average pore diameter of 17 ⁇ ⁇ , an elastic modulus of 6. 8 GPa, an elongation of 15%, a flexural strength of 122 MPa, and a compressive strength of 135 MPa. 55% ⁇
  • the pass rate of the preparation process product reached 92. 55%.
  • Depressurization temperature sintering atmosphere Pa) / temperature CC) / time (min) Annealing atmosphere (Pa) / liter pressure ( ° C ) / time temperature or cooling rate (°c (min) /min) temperature ( °C ) / holding time (min)
  • the insulation vacuum is 10 - 3 Pa
  • the rate is raised from room temperature at 18 ° C / min to 17 ° C / min to 1500 ° C, insulation
  • the insulation vacuum is 10 - 4 Pa, the rate from the chamber 55min, really 10 4 Pa; the temperature rises to 400 at 17 °C / min, rises to 1300 °C at 13 °C / min, keeps warm to 850 °C, insulation
  • the obtained porous tantalum or porous tantalum product is inspected as described above.
  • Example 6 7 8 Density (g/cm 3 ) 12.00 11.34 5.57 Porosity (%) 28 32 35 Aperture ( ⁇ ) 20 25 18 Modulus of elasticity (GPa) 6.5 6.9 3.2 Bending strength (MPa) 122 130 78 Compressive strength (MPa) 115 130 73 Elongation (%) 14.86 14.21 14.55

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

一种替代牙骨的医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法,由钽粉与聚乙烯醇、碳酸氢钠混合成混合粉末,再在 50~100Mpa 下将所述混合粉末压制到有机泡沫体中成型、脱脂、烧结、冷却和热处理步骤制得的;所述热处理步骤是真空度为 10-4Pa~10-3Pa,以 10~20℃/min 升温至 800~900℃、保温240~480min,再以 2~5℃/min 冷至 400℃、保温 120~300min,然后随炉冷却至室温;形成的医用多孔钽材料孔隙直径为 10~25μm、孔隙度介于 25~35%、弹性模量为 6.0~7.0Gpa、延伸率 14~15%。

Description

一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用多孔金属植入材料及其制备方法, 特别是涉及一种替代致密骨组 织的医用多孔金属植入材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
多孔医用金属植入材料具有治疗骨组织创伤、 股骨组织坏死和替代致密骨组织如牙齿 等重要而特殊的用途, 现常见的这类材料有多孔金属不锈钢、 多孔金属钛等。 作为骨组织 创伤和股骨组织坏死治疗使用的多孔植入材料, 其孔隙度应达 30〜80%, 而且孔隙最好全 部连通与均匀分布, 或根据需要使之既与人体的骨组织生长相一致, 又减轻了材料本身的 重量, 以适合人体植入使用。
而难熔金属钽 /铌, 由于它具有优秀的生物相容性, 其多孔材料有望作为替代前述等 传统医用金属生物材料。 由于金属钽 /铌对人体的无害、 无毒、 无副作用, 以及随着国内 外医学的飞速发展, 对钽 /铌作为人体植入材料认知的进一步深入, 人们对人体植入用多 孔金属钽 /铌材料的需求变得越来越迫切, 对其要求也越来越高。 其中作为多孔医用植入 金属钽 /铌, 如果能具有很高的均匀分布连通孔隙以及与人体相适应的物理机械性能, 则 其有望作为一种新型的骨组织替代材料。
作为医用植入的多孔金属材料就像一般的多孔金属材料那样基本上是以粉末烧结法 为主要的加工方法, 特别是为获取孔隙连通与均匀分布的多孔金属泡沫结构采用粉末烧结 法中的金属粉末浆料在有机泡沫体上的浸渍后干燥再烧结简称泡沫浸渍法居多。 关于粉末 烧结所获得的多孔金属材料通常其金属力学性能并不是很好, 其主要原因是工艺上如何安 排成孔介质的支撑与消除关系、 金属粉末烧结过程中的塌陷问题。 而已知的文献报道中均 没有很好的解决方法而放任自然。
采用金属粉末烧结法制造多孔钽 /铌的文献报道很少, 特别是以获得医用植入材料用 为目的的多孔钽 /铌粉末烧结法文献报道几乎没有。 可以参考的是公开号为 CN200510032174, 名称 "三维通孔或部分孔洞彼此相连多孔金属泡沫及其制备方法" 以及 CN200710152394, 名称 "一种新型多孔泡沫钨及其制备方法" 。 然而其所获得的多孔金属 或是为过滤材料用, 或是为航空航天及其它高温场合用而非作为医用金属植入材料使用, 再者所加工的多孔金属也非多孔钽 /铌。
关于多孔钽, US5282861 公开了一种应用于松质骨植入体、 细胞和组织感受器的开孔 钽材料及其制备。 这种多孔钽由纯商业钽制成, 它以聚亚氨酯前体进行热降解得到的碳骨 架为支架, 该碳骨架呈多重的十二面体, 其内为网格样结构, 整体遍布微孔, 孔隙率可高 达 98%, 再将商业纯钽通过化学蒸气沉积、 渗透的方法结合到碳骨架上以形成多孔金属微 结构, 简称为化学沉积法。 这种方法所获得的多孔钽材料其表面的钽层厚度在 40〜60 m 之间; 在整个多孔材料中, 钽重约占 99%, 而碳骨架重量则占 1%左右。 文献进一步记载, 该多孔材料的抗压强度 50〜70MPa, 弹性模量 2. 5〜3. 5GPa, 抗拉强度 63MPa, 塑性变形量 15%。 但是将它作为致密骨组织如牙齿等医用植入材料的多孔钽, 其材料的力学性能如延 展性有明显不足之处, 而且会影响到后续的对多孔钽材料本身的加工, 例如成型件的切割 等。 同样在前述的金属粉末烧结法所获得的产品也均存在这样的不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种韧性好的适用于替代牙骨的医用多孔金属材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述医用多孔金属材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术手段实现的:
一种医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 由钽粉与聚乙烯醇、碳酸氢钠混合成混合粉末, 再在 50〜100Mpa 下将所述混合粉末压制到有机泡沫体中成型、 脱脂、 烧结、 冷却和热处 理步骤制得的;所述热处理步骤是真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min升温至 800〜 900°C、 保温 240〜480min, 再以 2〜5°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120〜300min, 然后随炉冷 却至室温; 形成的医用多孔钽材料孔隙直径为 10〜25 m、 孔隙度介于 25〜35%、 弹性模 量为 6. 0〜7. 0Gpa、 延伸率 14〜15%。
在医用多孔钽材料的研发过程中, 制备路线众多, 但发明人创造性地提出了采用上述 工艺步骤制备致密医用多孔钽植入材料, 特别是采用的上述热处理工艺, 充分地消除了内 应力、 使多孔钽材料的组织更均匀、 大大提高了所制得的多孔钽材料的韧性; 经过测试其 杂质含量可低于 0. 2%、 其生物相容性与生物安全性好, 密度可达 10. 84〜12. 50g/cm3, 孔 隙度可达 25〜35%, 孔隙直径可达 10〜25 m; 弹性模量可达 6. 0〜7. 0Gpa、 延伸率 14〜 15%、 弯曲强度可达 120〜130Mpa、 抗压强度可达 100〜140MPa, 本发明多孔钽非常适合用 于替代牙骨的医用植入材料。
本发明采用的原料钽粉的平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小于 0. 1%, 为市售产品; 上 述聚乙烯醇、 碳酸氢钠也均为市售产品。 上述聚乙烯醇主要起成型作用、 但同时其还具备 造孔作用, 上述碳酸氢钠起造孔作用。 本发明真空环境优选采用真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3pa 的真空条件。 上述有机泡沫体优选聚氨酯泡沫, 进一步优选为孔径 0. 48〜0. 89mm, 密度 0. 015 g/cm3〜0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50° (最优选孔径为 0. 56〜0. 72mm, 密度 0. 025g/cm3, 硬度 50°〜80°) 的聚氨酯泡沫中。
在研发过程中发明人进一步研究发现, 若上述制备中控制不好, 虽可制得如上所述适 合用于替代牙骨的医用植入材料但产品合格率不高, 工艺的稳定性不够理想、 影响其工业 化规模生产: 如粉末压制成型难、 在压制后部分易出现分层、 不均匀, 脱脂后部分会出现 裂纹等技术问题。
为了使粉末压制过程中成型更容易, 从而提高成品率、 成品孔隙均匀性、 使制备过程 更稳定, 上述混合粉末中聚乙烯醇的用量为 5 10%、 碳酸氢钠的用量为 20 30%、 余量为 钽粉, 以体积百分含量计 (以体积百分含量计是通过最终多孔钽材料的情况直接推算的单 位, 在上述混合粉末称量中还是根据相应物质的密度计算出其对应的质量称量的), 进一 步优选为聚乙烯醇占 7〜9%、 碳酸氢钠占 26 29%、 余量为钽粉; 上述压制成型过程中的 压力优选为 70 80Mpa
为了使脱脂过程中胚体更稳定、 减少易出现的部分胚体变形、 孔径不均匀, 从而进一 步提高成品率、 质量稳定性, 上述脱脂过程是以 0.5°C/mir 3°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C,以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 60min 240min;进一步优选以 2.5 3°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 150min 240min
上述医用多孔金属材料的制备方法, 采用模压法烧结而成, 其特点在于以钽粉与聚乙 烯醇、 碳酸氢钠粉末混合成混合粉, 其中聚乙烯醇的用量占 5 10%、 碳酸氢钠的用量占 20 30%、 余量为钽粉, 以体积百分含量计; 再在 50 100Mpa下将所述混合粉末压制到有 机泡沫体中成型、 脱脂、 真空烧结、 冷却和热处理制得多孔钽材料; 所述热处理步骤是真 空度为 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 以 10 20°C/min升温至 800 900°C、保温 240 480min, 再以 2 5°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120 300min, 然后随炉冷至室温。
上述原料钽粉的平均粒径小于 43微米、 氧含量小于 0.1%; 上述混合粉优选为聚乙烯 醇占 7 9%、 碳酸氢钠占 26 29%、 余量为钽粉, 更进一步优选为聚乙烯醇占 8%、 碳酸氢 钠占 27%、 余量为钽粉, 以体积百分含量计。 上述有机泡沫体优选聚氨酯泡沫, 进一步优 选为孔径 0.48 0.89 密度 0.015 g/cm3 0.035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50。 (最优选孔径为 0.56 0.72 密度 0.025g/cm3, 硬度 50° 80°) 的聚氨酯泡沫中。
为了使压制制胚过程中压制压力均匀、 不分层, 从而使最终多孔钽孔隙分布更均匀、 质量更稳定, 上述压制过程中采用的压力优选为 70 80Mpa; 上述脱脂过程中优选为以 0.5°C/min 3°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 60min 240min, 进一步优选以 2.5 3°C/min的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C, 以氩气通入 构成保护气氛并保温 150min 240min, 更进一步优选以 2.5°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400 800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 220min
为了更充分地消除材料的内应力、 韧性更好, 上述热处理步骤是真空度为 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 以 15°C/min升温至 800 900°C、 保温 260 320min, 再以 3°C/min冷至 400°C 保温 120min, 再以 18°C/min 23°C/min冷却至室温。 本发明真空烧结条件包括有: 真空度 10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min的升温速率从室温升至 1200°C〜1500°C, 保温 lh〜2h后; 再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000〜2200°C, 至少保温 2h〜4h。
真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不低于 10°C/min渐降冷却速率方式,对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C,各段保温时间 30min〜 90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温。
在此基础上更进一步的特点是:所述脱脂处理条件还包括有:逐步升温至 600〜800°C, 具体是以纯净氩气(99. 9999%)通入构成保护气氛,以 l〜3°C/min的速率从室温升至 400°C, 保温 60〜120min,以 1. 5〜2. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C,保温 180〜240min; 所述真空烧结条件还包括有:以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C,保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30〜60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷 却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷 却; 所述真空退火条件为: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 15°C/min升温至 800〜900°C、 保 温 260〜320min, 再以 3°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120min, 再以 18°C/min〜23°C/min冷却 至室温。
金属钽和铌的性质极类似, 上述方法同样也适合医用多孔铌材料的制备。
本发明多孔钽制备方法采用了纯物理模压法, 使得最终多孔钽材料中杂质的含量极 低, 有效地提高了生物相容性和生物安全性; 对本发明压制成型、 脱脂、 烧结及退火步骤 的工艺条件优化, 使得成品率高、 成品孔径均匀性更好、 使制备过程更稳定、 质量稳定性 好, 有效地消除了热应力、 使多孔钽材料的组织更均匀, 有效提高了多孔钽的力学性能, 特别是其韧性得到大大提高, 同时密度还得到有效地控制、 使其作为牙骨替代材料的舒适 感好,本发明制备工艺使得成品合格率高、 生产稳定, 产品合格率可高达 93%。 本发明制得 的多孔钽成品孔隙分布均匀且连通, 生物相容性好, 经过测试其杂质含量可低于 0. 2%、 密 度可达 10. 84〜12. 50g/cm3, 孔隙度可达 25〜35%, 孔隙直径可达 10〜25 μ m; 弹性模量可 达 6. 0〜7. 0Gpa、延伸率可达 14%〜15%、弯曲强度可达 120〜130Mpa、抗压强度可达 100〜 HOMpa, 本发明多孔钽非常适合用于替代牙骨的医用植入材料。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述, 有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对 本发明进行进一步说明, 不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制, 该领域的技术人员可以根 据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例 1 : 称取聚乙烯醇、 平均粒径小于 43微米氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉和碳酸氢钠 混合均匀成混合粉末, 其中聚乙烯醇占 8%、 碳酸氢钠占 27%、 钽粉占 65%, 均以体积百分 含量计。压制成型:将上述混合粉末加入注塑成型机中在 70Mpa下压制到聚氨酯泡沫体(孔 径 0. 48 0. 89 密度 0. 015 g/cm3 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50°) 中成型。 脱脂处理: 真 空度 10— 4Pa, 以氩气为保护气氛、 以 0. 6°C/min 的升温速率从室温升温至 400°C、 保温 HOmin; 再以 1. 5°C/min的升温速率从 400°C升温至 700°C, 保温时间 190分钟。 真空烧 结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2000°C, 保温 2小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa, 烧结过程充氩气保 护,取出产品后去除表面灰尘及污物, 再进行常规冷却处理。热处理: 是真空度为 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 以 15°C/min升温至 800 900°C、 保温 260 320min, 再以 3°C/min冷至 400°C 保温 120min, 以 18 23°C/min冷却至室温。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 2%, 其孔隙 分布均匀, 密度 12. 50g/cm3、 孔隙率 25%、 孔隙平均直径 22 μ ιιι、 弹性模量 6. 5Gpa、 延伸 率为 14. 5%、 弯曲强度 130MPa、 抗压强度 135MPa
实施例 2: 称取聚乙烯醇、 平均粒径小于 43微米氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉和碳酸氢钠 混合均匀成混合粉末, 其中聚乙烯醇占 9%、 碳酸氢钠占 23%、 钽粉占 68%, 均以体积百分 含量计。压制成型:将上述混合粉末加入注塑成型机中在 80Mpa下压制到聚氨酯泡沫体(孔 径 0. 48 0· 89mm, 密度 0. 015 g/cm3 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50。) 中成型。 脱脂处理: 真 空度 10— 4Pa, 以氩气为保护气氛、 以 1. 5°C/min 的升温速率从室温升温至 400°C、 保温 100min。 真空烧结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2100°C, 保温 4小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa, 烧 结过程充氩气保护, 取出产品后去除表面灰尘及污物, 再进行常规冷却处理。 热处理: 是 真空度为 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 以 10°C/min升温至 800 900°C、 保温 240min, 再以 5°C/min冷 至 400°C、 保温 300min, 随炉冷却至室温。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 2%, 其孔隙 分布均匀, 密度 10. 83g/cm3, 孔隙率 35%, 延伸率为 14%, 孔隙平均直径 10 m, 弹性模量 6. 2GPa, 弯曲强度 122MPa, 抗压强度 113MPa
实施例 3: 称取聚乙烯醇、 平均粒径小于 43微米氧含量小于 0. 1%的钽粉和碳酸氢钠 混合均匀成混合粉末, 其中聚乙烯醇占 6%、 碳酸氢钠占 28%、 钽粉占 66%, 均以体积百分 含量计。压制成型:将上述混合粉末加入注塑成型机中在 66Mpa下压制到聚氨酯泡沫体(孔 径 0. 48 0. 89 密度 0. 015 g/cm3 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50°) 中成型。 脱脂处理: 真 空度 10— 4Pa,以氩气为保护气氛、以 3°C/min的升温速率从室温升温至 700°C、保温 200min 真空烧结: 在真空炉中烧结, 烧结温度 2150°C, 保温 2小时, 真空度 10— 4Pa, 烧结过程充 氩气保护, 冷却出炉, 去除产品表面灰尘及污物, 进行常规冷处理。 热处理: 是真空度为 10— 4Pa, 以 20°C/min升温至 800 900°C、 保温 480min, 再以 2°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120min, 随炉冷却至室温。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 2%, 其孔隙 分布均匀, 密度 11. 17g/cm3, 孔隙率 33%, 孔隙平均直径 20 m, 弹性模量 7. 0GPa, 延伸 率为 15%, 弯曲强度 120MPa, 抗压强度 130MPa
实施例 4: 称取聚乙烯醇、 平均粒径小于 43微米氧含量小于 0. 1%的铌粉和碳酸氢钠 混合均匀成混合粉末, 其中聚乙烯醇占 5%、 碳酸氢钠占 20%、 铌粉占 75%, 均以体积百分 含量计。加压成型:将上述混合粉末加入注塑成型机中在 96Mpa下压制到聚氨酯泡沫体(孔 径 0. 48 0· 89mm, 密度 0. 015 g/cm3 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50。) 中成型。 脱脂处理: 真 空度 10— 4Pa, 以氩气为保护气氛、 以 2. 5°C/min 的升温速率从室温升温至 550°C、 保温 240min。真空烧结: 真空度低于 10— 4Pa 10— 3Pa, 温度 2000 2200°C, 保温时间 1 5小时, 烧结过程保温时充氩气或其他惰性气体保护, 以得到多孔材料; 常规冷却处理。 热处理: 是真空度为 10— 3Pa, 以 13°C/min升温至 800 900°C、保温 300min, 再以 4°C/min冷至 400 °C、 保温 150min, 随炉冷却至室温。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006 GB/T5249_1985 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔铌成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 2%, 其孔隙 分布均匀, 密度 6. 02g/cm3, 孔隙率 30%, 孔隙平均直径 24 μ ιιι, 弹性模量 2. 8GPa, 延伸率 为 14. 8%, 弯曲强度 88MPa, 抗压强度 78MPa
实施例 5: —种多孔钽, 它以粒径小于 43 m、 氧含量小于 0. 1%的金属钽粉, 聚乙烯 醇和碳酸氢钠混合粉为原料, 再经压制成型、 脱脂处理、 真空烧结、 真空退火及常规后处 理制得。
其中, 聚乙烯醇占 10%、 碳酸氢钠占 30%、 金属钽粉占 60%, 以体积百分含量计; 压制成型: 将原料混合粉末加入注塑成型机中在 56Mpa下压制到聚氨酯泡沫体 (孔径
0. 48 0. 89mm, 密度 0. 015 g/cm3 0. 035g/cm3, 硬度大于 50。) 中成型;
压制成型后将混合粉末放入非氧化气氛炉中以一定的升温速率升温至 800°C, 保护气 氛为 99. 999%氩气进行脱脂处理, 其在升温之前先通入纯净氩气至少 30min以排除炉内空 气,控温过程:以 1. 8°C/min的速率从室温升至 400°C,保温 76min,氩气通入量 0. 5L/min; 以 2. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 800°C, 保温 215min,氩气通入量 lL/min; 再关闭电源, 脱脂后的样品随炉冷却, 氩气通入量 lL/min, 直至冷却至室温时关闭氩气;
对于脱脂处理后的样品随钨器置于高真空高温烧结炉内以一定的升温速率升温至 220CTC进行真空烧结, 在升温之前烧结炉的真空度至少要达到 10— 4Pa, 以 10〜15°C/min的 速率从室温升至 1200°C, 保温 30min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa; 以 10°C/min的速率升至 1500°C, 保温 30min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 6°C/min的速率升至 2200°C, 保温 120min, 真 空度为 10— 3Pa; 烧结完毕, 真空度为 10— 3Pa, 以 10〜15°C/min的速率冷却至 1600°C, 保温 30min; 以 12°C/min的速率冷却至 1200°C ,保温 60min; 以 10°C/min的速率冷却至 800 °C , 然后随炉冷却;
对于真空烧结冷却后的样品随刚玉容器置于真空退火炉中以一定的升温速率升温至 80CTC进行去应力退火处理, 在升温之前退火炉内的真空度至少要达到 10— 4Pa, 是真空度为 10— 3Pa, 以 18°C/min升温至 800 °C、保温 270min, 再以 3°C/min冷至 400 °C、保温 130min, 随炉冷却至室温。 最后进行常规后处理制得多孔钽。
发明人按 GB/T5163_2006、 GB/T5249_1985、 GB/T6886-2001等标准对上述多孔钽成品 的多孔材料密度、 孔隙率、 孔径及各种力学性能进行检测: 其杂质含量低于 0. 2%, 其孔隙 分布均匀, 密度 12. 34g/cm3, 孔隙率 26%, 孔隙平均直径 17 μ ιιι, 弹性模量 6. 8GPa, 延伸 率为 15%, 弯曲强度 122MPa, 抗压强度 135MPa。 该制备工艺产品合格率达 92. 55%。
在上述实施例 5给出的方法中, 我们还可以对其中的各种条件作其他选择同样能得到 本发明所述的多孔钽或多孔铌。
Figure imgf000008_0001
实 压制成型的 脱脂温度 烧结气氛(Pa) /温度 CC) /时间 (min) 退火气氛(Pa) /升 施 压力 ( °C ) /时间 温或降温速率 (°c (min) /min)温度 ( °C ) / 保温时间(min)
70Mpa 以 2.0°C/min 14°C/min的速率 至 1240°C,保温 真 空 度 为
40min, 真 ¾g为 104Pa;
的速率从室 10— 4Pa, 以 12 °C 以 15 °C/min的速率升至 1400 °C, 保温
温升至 /min
400 升温至 900
40min;
°C、 保温 280min, 。C , 保温 以 14°C/min的速率升至 2160 °C, 保温
再以 2. 5°C/min冷 78min; 160min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa;
真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 15°C/min的速 至 400 °C、 保温
1.5°C/min的
率 至 1560 °C, 保温 40min; 140min , 再 以 速率从 400°C
以 17°C/min的速率) f¾至 1240 °C, 保温 23°C/min 冷却至 升至 750°C, 70min; 、〉曰 保温 230min 以 17°C/min的速率 至 800 °C,然后
随炉
75Mpa 2.5°C/min的 13°C/min的速率 至 1225°。,保温 真空度为 10— 3Pa,
45min, 真 为 104Pa;
速率从室温 以 18°C/min升温 以 17°C/min的速率升至 1500 °C, 保温
升至 400°C, 至 850 °C、 保温
30min;
保温 HOmin/ 以 18 °C/min的速率升至 2180°C, 保温 310min, 再以 4°C
1.8°C/min的 120min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa; /min冷至 400 °C、 速率从 400°C 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 18°C/min的速 保温 220min,再以 率 至 1580 °C, 保温 30min;
升至 650°C, 19°C/min 冷却至 以 19°C/min的速率) f¾至 1250 °C, 保温
保温 240min 、〉曰
60min;
以 19°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随
90Mpa 以 1.0°C/min 12°C/min的速率 至 1220°。,保温 真空度为 10— 4Pa, 的速率从室 55min, 真 为 104Pa; 以 17°C/min升温 温升至 400 以 13 °C/min的速率升至 1300 °C, 保温 至 850 °C、 保温
。C , 保温 50min; 430min, 再以 2°C
70min/ 以 10°C/min的速率升至 2100 °C, 保温 /min冷至 400 °C、
2.5°C/min的 200min, 真空度为 10- 3Pa; 保温 250min,再以 速率从 400°C 真空度为 104Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 13°C/min的速 20°C/min 冷却至 升至 800°C, 率 至 1540 °C, 保温 50min; 主½、〉曰1 保温 195min 以 15°C/min的速率) f¾至 1220 °C, 保温
80min;
以 15°C/min的速率 至 800°C, 然后随 炉
所得多孔钽或多孔铌成品按前述方法检
实施例 6 7 8 密度 (g/cm3 ) 12.00 11.34 5.57 孔隙率 (%) 28 32 35 孔径 (μηι) 20 25 18 弹性模量 ( GPa) 6.5 6.9 3.2 弯曲强度 (MPa) 122 130 78 抗压强度 (MPa) 115 130 73 延伸率 (%) 14.86 14.21 14.55

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 由钽粉与聚乙烯醇、 碳酸氢钠混合成混合 粉末, 再在 50〜100Mpa下将所述混合粉末压制到有机泡沫体中成型、 脱脂、 烧结、 冷却 和热处理步骤制得的; 所述热处理步骤是真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min升温 至 800〜900°C、 保温 240〜480min, 再以 2〜5°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120〜300min, 然 后随炉冷却至室温; 形成的医用多孔钽材料孔隙直径为 10〜25 m、 孔隙度介于 25〜35%、 弹性模量为 6. 0〜7. 0Gpa、 延伸率 14〜15%。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 所述混合粉末中聚乙烯醇 的用量为 5〜10%、 碳酸氢钠的用量为 20〜30%、 余量为钽粉, 以体积百分含量计; 所述有 机泡沫体为孔径 0. 56〜0. 72mm, 密度 0. 025g/cm3, 硬度 50°〜80°的聚氨酯泡沫。
3、 如权利要求 2 所述的医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 所述混合粉末中聚乙烯醇 占 7〜9%、 碳酸氢钠占 26〜29%、 余量为钽粉; 所述压制成型过程中的压力为 70〜80Mpa。
4、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 所述脱脂过程是以 0. 5°C/min〜3°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 60min~240min o
5、 如权利要求 4 所述的医用多孔金属材料, 其特征在于: 所述脱脂过程是以 2. 5〜 3°C/min的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C,以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 150min〜240min。
6、 一种医用多孔金属材料的制备方法, 采用模压法烧结而成, 其特点在于: 以钽粉 与聚乙烯醇、 碳酸氢钠粉末混合成混合粉, 其中聚乙烯醇的用量占 5〜10%、 碳酸氢钠的用 量占 20〜30%、余量为钽粉, 以体积百分含量计; 再在 50〜100Mpa下压制到孔径为 0. 56〜 0. 72mm, 密度 0. 025g/cm3, 硬度 50°〜80°的聚氨酯泡沫中成型、 脱脂、 真空烧结、 冷却和 热处理制得多孔钽材料; 所述热处理步骤是真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min升 温至 800〜900°C、 保温 240〜480min, 再以 2〜5°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120〜300min, 然后随炉冷至室温。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述原料钽粉的平均粒径小于 43微 米、 氧含量小于 0. 1%; 所述混合粉为聚乙烯醇占 7〜9%、 碳酸氢钠占 26〜29%、 余量为钽 粉, 以体积百分含量计。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述混合粉为聚乙烯醇占 8%、 碳酸 氢钠占 27%、 余量为钽粉, 以体积百分含量计。
9、 如权利要求 6、 7或 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述压制过程中采用的压力 为 70〜80Mpa; 所述热处理步骤是真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 15°C/min升温至 800〜900 °C、保温 260〜320min,再以 3°C/min冷至 400°C、保温 120min,再以 18°C/min〜23°C/min 冷却至室温。
10、 如权利要求 6、 7或 8 所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述脱脂过程中优选为以 0. 5°C/min〜3°C/min 的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 60min~240min;
所述真空烧结条件包括有: 真空度 10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min 的升温速率从室温升至 1200°C〜1500°C, 保温 lh〜2h后; 再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000〜2200°C, 至少保温 2h〜4h;
所述真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不 低于 lCTC/min渐降冷却速率方式, 对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C, 各段保温时间 30min〜90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温。
11、如权利要求 9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述脱脂过程中优选为以 0. 5°C/mir!〜 3°C/min的速率逐步升温至 400〜800°C, 以氩气通入构成保护气氛并保温 60min〜240min; 所述真空烧结条件包括有: 真空度 10— 3Pa, 以 10〜20°C/min 的升温速率从室温升至 1200°C〜1500°C, 保温 lh〜2h后; 再以低于 20°C/min的升温速率升温至 2000〜2200°C, 至少保温 2h〜4h;
所述真空烧结后的冷却条件还包括有: 真空度不低于 10— 3Pa, 以不高于 25°C/min, 不 低于 lCTC/min渐降冷却速率方式, 对烧结多孔体分段降温冷却至 800°C, 各段保温时间 30min〜90min, 然后随炉冷却至常温。
12、如权利要求 6所述的制备方法,其特征在于: 所述脱脂处理为: 逐步升温至 600〜 800°C, 具体是以纯净氩气 (99. 9999%) 通入构成保护气氛, 以 l〜3°C/min的速率从室温 升至 400°C, 保温 60〜120min, 以 1. 5〜2. 5°C/min的速率从 400°C升至 600〜800°C, 保 温 180〜240min; 所述真空烧结为: 以 10〜15°C/min的速率从室温升至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 30〜60min,真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa;以 10〜20°C/min的速率升至 1500°C,保温 30〜 60min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa, 以 6〜20°C/min的速率升至 2000〜2200°C, 保温 120〜 240min, 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 真空烧结后的冷却为: 真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa; 以 10〜 20°C/min的速率冷却至 1500〜1600°C, 保温 30〜60min; 以 12〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 1200〜1250°C, 保温 60〜90min; 以 10〜20°C/min的速率冷却至 800°C, 然后随炉冷却; 所述真空退火条件为:真空度为 10— 4Pa〜10— 3Pa,以 15°C/min升温至 800〜900°C、保温 260〜 320min, 再以 3°C/min冷至 400°C、 保温 120min, 再以 18°C/min〜23°C/min冷却至室温。
PCT/CN2012/081864 2011-09-29 2012-09-24 一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法 WO2013044778A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110298000.0 2011-09-29
CN201110298000.0A CN102796900B (zh) 2011-09-29 2011-09-29 一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013044778A1 true WO2013044778A1 (zh) 2013-04-04

Family

ID=47196192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/081864 WO2013044778A1 (zh) 2011-09-29 2012-09-24 一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102796900B (zh)
WO (1) WO2013044778A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103805798A (zh) * 2014-02-20 2014-05-21 中南大学 多孔钽铌合金及其制备方法
CN113172224B (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-03-01 浙江大学 一种钛基复合结构材料的制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5282861A (en) * 1992-03-11 1994-02-01 Ultramet Open cell tantalum structures for cancellous bone implants and cell and tissue receptors
CN101405039A (zh) * 2006-02-17 2009-04-08 拜欧麦特制造公司 用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备
CN101660076A (zh) * 2009-10-14 2010-03-03 北京师范大学 有机泡沫浸浆烧结法制备宏观网状多孔钽

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5282861A (en) * 1992-03-11 1994-02-01 Ultramet Open cell tantalum structures for cancellous bone implants and cell and tissue receptors
CN101405039A (zh) * 2006-02-17 2009-04-08 拜欧麦特制造公司 用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备
CN101660076A (zh) * 2009-10-14 2010-03-03 北京师范大学 有机泡沫浸浆烧结法制备宏观网状多孔钽

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LI, ZHONGLI ET AL.: "New 3-D Porous Ti Manufacture and Feature", ORTHOPAEDIC BIOMECHANICS MATERIALS AND CLINICAL STUDY, vol. 4, no. 1, February 2007 (2007-02-01), pages 1 - 2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102796900A (zh) 2012-11-28
CN102796900B (zh) 2014-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2013044773A1 (zh) 一种牙骨替代医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
WO2013044857A1 (zh) 一种适用于替代人体牙骨组织的多孔钽的制备方法
WO2013044780A1 (zh) 一种替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法
WO2013044852A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔金属植入材料的制备方法
WO2013044832A1 (zh) 一种制备医用多孔钽植入材料的方法
WO2013044767A1 (zh) 一种替代牙骨的医用多孔钽材料及其制备方法
CN103740962B (zh) 牙骨替代医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
CN103740964B (zh) 医用多孔金属植入材料的制备方法
WO2013044860A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔金属植入材料的制备方法
WO2013044778A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法
WO2013044858A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔金属植入材料的制备方法
WO2013044779A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
WO2013044809A1 (zh) 一种制备替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料的方法
WO2013044781A1 (zh) 一种替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
WO2013044777A1 (zh) 一种替代牙骨的医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法
CN103736147B (zh) 替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法
WO2013044835A1 (zh) 一种多孔钽医用植入材料的制备方法
CN103740961B (zh) 一种替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
WO2013044834A1 (zh) 一种制备医用多孔钽植入材料的方法
WO2013044815A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔钽材料的制备方法
CN103740966B (zh) 制备替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料的方法
WO2013044813A1 (zh) 一种替代承重骨组织的医用多孔金属材料的制备方法
WO2013044833A1 (zh) 一种医用多孔钽植入材料的制备方法
CN104225673B (zh) 一种替代牙骨的医用多孔金属材料及其制备方法
WO2013044839A1 (zh) 一种医用植入材料多孔钽的制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12835182

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12835182

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1