WO2013042165A1 - 車両用バッテリの制御装置及び車両用バッテリの制御方法 - Google Patents
車両用バッテリの制御装置及び車両用バッテリの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013042165A1 WO2013042165A1 PCT/JP2011/005317 JP2011005317W WO2013042165A1 WO 2013042165 A1 WO2013042165 A1 WO 2013042165A1 JP 2011005317 W JP2011005317 W JP 2011005317W WO 2013042165 A1 WO2013042165 A1 WO 2013042165A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for a vehicle battery that stores electric power supplied to a motor that travels the vehicle.
- An assembled battery in which batteries are connected in parallel is known as a battery that stores electric power supplied to a traveling motor of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- This type of assembled battery is connected to a voltage converter via a system main relay, and this system main relay is turned on when discharging and turned off when the vehicle is stopped (when the assembled battery is not used).
- this invention aims at suppressing that a circulating current flows between batteries and it becomes an overdischarge at the time of charge of a battery provided with the battery mutually connected in parallel.
- a vehicle battery control device includes (1) first and second batteries that are connected in parallel to each other and are charged by power supplied from a power supply unit.
- a control device for the vehicle battery that stores electric power supplied to a motor that travels the vehicle, wherein the first and second batteries are respectively supplied from the power supply unit.
- the relay of the other battery has a controller for executing a charging process to charge the one of the battery and the other batteries.
- a first voltage information acquisition unit that acquires information about the voltage of the first battery
- a second voltage information acquisition that acquires information about the voltage of the second battery
- the controller can perform the charging process based on the acquisition results of the first and second voltage information acquisition units.
- the vehicle that includes a heating unit that selectively heats one of the first and second batteries and is the target of the charging process.
- the one battery is heated by the heating unit, and discharges together with the other battery in a state where the relay corresponding to each of the one and the other battery is in the allowable state. Is performed, the voltage is lower than that of the other battery.
- the heating unit When one battery is heated by the heating unit, its internal resistance is lower than that of the other battery. Therefore, when one battery and the other battery are discharged together, the storage amount (voltage) of one battery is The lower limit is reached first. Therefore, the voltage of the other battery is higher than that of one battery, and a voltage difference is generated between one battery and the other battery connected in parallel.
- each of the one battery and the other battery is a battery block in which a plurality of battery elements are connected in series, and the first discharge process is included in the one battery.
- a second discharge that discharges only the other battery by switching the relay corresponding to the one battery from the allowable state to the non-permissible state.
- the second discharge process is performed when the battery element included in the other battery reaches the lower limit voltage, and the relay corresponding to the other battery is moved from the allowable state to the second discharge process. It is stopped by switching to the non-permitted state, and the charging process is performed on the one and the other batteries after the second discharge process is stopped.
- the other battery includes a deteriorated battery element, the deteriorated battery element can be prevented from being overdischarged.
- the battery element may be a battery unit in which a plurality of single cells are connected in parallel.
- a vehicle battery control method includes a first battery and a second battery that are connected in parallel to each other and charged by power supplied from a power supply unit; A vehicle battery having a relay that is provided between the first battery and the second battery and operates between a permissible state that allows charging from the power supply unit and a non-permitted state that does not allow charging.
- the vehicle battery control method for storing electric power supplied to a motor that travels the vehicle, when there is a voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery, When the relay corresponding to one battery on the lower side is in the permissible state and only the one battery is charged, and the voltage of the one battery becomes equal to the voltage of the other battery by this charging
- the one And pond and the relay of the other battery are both the allowable state, and executes a charging process for charging said one of the battery and the other batteries.
- the vehicle battery is provided with a heating unit that selectively heats one of the first battery and the second battery.
- the one battery is heated by the heating unit and discharged together with the other battery in a state where the relay corresponding to each of the one and the other battery is in the permitted state.
- the voltage is lower than that of the other battery.
- the heating unit When one battery is heated by the heating unit, its internal resistance is lower than that of the other battery. Therefore, when one battery and the other battery are discharged together, the storage amount (voltage) of one battery is The lower limit is reached first. Therefore, the voltage of the other battery is higher than that of one battery, and a voltage difference is generated between one battery and the other battery connected in parallel.
- each of the one battery and the other battery is a battery block in which a plurality of battery elements are connected in series, and the first discharge process is included in the one battery.
- a second discharge that discharges only the other battery by switching the relay corresponding to the one battery from the allowable state to the non-permissible state.
- the second discharge process is performed when the battery element included in the other battery reaches the lower limit voltage, and the relay corresponding to the other battery is moved from the allowable state to the second discharge process. It is stopped by switching to the non-permitted state, and the charging process is performed on the one and the other batteries after the second discharge process is stopped.
- the other battery includes a deteriorated battery element, the deteriorated battery element can be prevented from being overdischarged.
- the present invention when a battery including batteries connected in parallel with each other is charged, it is possible to suppress overdischarge due to a circulating current flowing from the other battery to the one battery.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a part of a vehicle on which a battery control device according to this embodiment is mounted.
- vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle (EV) that drives a motor using the output of the battery, but the present invention is a plug-in hybrid vehicle (P-HEV) that charges a battery with a commercial power supply provided outside the vehicle. It can also be applied to.
- EV electric vehicle
- P-HEV plug-in hybrid vehicle
- vehicle 1 includes a battery 11, a voltage converter 12, an inverter 13, a motor 14, a system main relay 15, an ECU 30, a monitoring unit 31, a storage unit 32, and an IG switch 120. Including. Vehicle 1 further includes a power supply line PL1 and a ground line SL.
- the battery 11 is connected to the voltage converter 12 via system main relays SMR-G, SMR-B, and SMR-P constituting the system main relay 15.
- the system main relay SMR-G is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 11, and the system main relay SMR-B is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 11.
- the system main relay SMR-P and the precharge resistor 17 are connected in parallel to the system main relay SMR-B.
- SMR-G, SMR-B, and SMR-P are relays whose contacts close when the coil is energized. SMR being on means an energized state, and SMR being off means a non-energized state.
- the ECU 30 turns off all the system main relays SMR-G, SMR-B, and SMR-P when the current is interrupted, that is, when the position of the ignition switch 120 is in the OFF position. That is, the exciting current for the coils of the system main relays SMR-G, SMR-B, and SMR-P is turned off. Note that the position of the ignition switch 120 is switched in the order of the OFF position ⁇ the ACC position.
- the ECU 30 may be a CPU or an MPU, or may include an ASIC circuit that executes at least a part of processes executed in these CPUs.
- the precharge resistor 17 is connected to the system main relay SMR-P. For this reason, even when the system main relay SMR-P is turned on, the input voltage to the inverter 13 rises gently, and the occurrence of an inrush current can be prevented.
- the ECU 30 When the position of the ignition switch 120 is switched from the ON position to the OFF position, the ECU 30 first turns off the system main relay SMR-B, and then turns off the system main relay SMR-G. Thereby, the electrical connection between the battery 11 and the inverter 13 is cut off, and the power supply is cut off.
- System main relays SMR-B, SMR-G, and SMR-P are controlled to be in a conductive / non-conductive state in accordance with a control signal supplied from ECU 30.
- the voltage converter 12 boosts the voltage supplied from the battery 11.
- the inverter 13 converts the DC voltage supplied from the voltage converter 12 into a three-phase AC and outputs it to the motor 14.
- the monitoring unit 31 will be described later.
- the ECU 30 controls the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 11 to be maintained within the control range defined by the control upper limit value and the control lower limit value.
- SOC state of charge
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the battery
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery unit.
- battery 11 includes a first battery block (corresponding to a first battery) 5 and a second battery block (corresponding to a second battery) 6.
- the dotted line illustrated in FIG. 2 is a boundary line between the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6.
- the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are electrically connected in parallel.
- a high capacity battery 11 can be obtained by connecting the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 in parallel.
- the first battery block 5 includes a plurality of battery units (corresponding to battery elements) 50. These battery units 50 are electrically connected in series. By connecting the battery units 50 in series with each other, the high-power battery 11 can be obtained. Since the second battery block 6 has the same configuration as the first battery block 5, detailed description thereof is omitted. The first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 each have 18 battery units 50, but the number of the battery units 50 is appropriately changed according to the specifications of the battery unit 50 or the vehicle 1. be able to. The battery units 50 included in the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are arranged in a matrix in the battery case 7.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery unit.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery unit, in which the battery case is omitted.
- the battery unit 50 includes a first assembled battery 51, a second assembled battery 52, and an assembled battery case 53.
- the first assembled battery 51 includes a plurality of single cells 510, an upper holding member 54, and an upper bus bar 56.
- Second assembled battery 52 includes a plurality of unit cells 510, lower holding member 55, and lower bus bar 57.
- the single battery 510 may be a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery, or a capacitor.
- the unit cell 510 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and includes a positive electrode terminal 511 and a gas release valve 512 at one end in the longitudinal direction, and a negative electrode terminal 513 (see FIG. 3) at the other end in the longitudinal direction.
- the single cells 510 included in the first assembled battery 51 and the second assembled battery 52 are arranged in the radial direction of the single cells 510 with the positive terminals 511 aligned.
- the negative terminal 513 of the unit cell 510 included in the first assembled battery 51 is welded to a welded portion 56 ⁇ / b> A provided on the upper bus bar 56.
- the negative terminal 513 of the unit cell 510 included in the second assembled battery 52 is welded to a welded portion 57 ⁇ / b> A provided on the lower bus bar 57.
- the welds 56A and 57A are formed in a cantilever structure, and are elastically deformed when an external force is applied in the X-axis direction. Thereby, the dimensional error of each cell 510 can be absorbed. Since the lower bus bar 57 has the same function as the upper bus bar 56, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the upper holding member 54 includes a plurality of openings 540 for holding each unit cell 510, and holds the outer surface of each unit cell 510 in the radial direction.
- the upper holding member 54 is a solid plate-like member, and has a heat dissipating function for transferring the heat of the unit cell 510 having a high temperature to the other unit cell 510 having a low temperature. Thereby, the temperature variation between the single cells 510 is suppressed.
- the upper holding member 54 has a holding function for holding the unit cell 510 and a heat dissipation function, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of parts. That is, since it is not necessary to provide a separate heat dissipating member for dissipating the heat of the unit cell 510, the cost can be reduced.
- the upper holding member 54 may be a metal.
- the metal may be aluminum, copper, or iron. Since aluminum has a high thermal conductivity, temperature variation between the cells 510 can be effectively suppressed by configuring the upper holding member 54 with aluminum. Since aluminum is light in weight, the battery unit 50 can be reduced in weight by configuring the upper holding member 54 with aluminum. Since the lower holding member 55 has the same configuration as the upper holding member 54 except for the shape, the description thereof is omitted.
- the assembled battery case 53 includes a case main body 531 and a lid 532.
- the case main body 531 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and includes a leg portion 533 at the lower end.
- a fastening hole 533A for fixing the battery unit 50 is formed in the leg 533.
- the leg portion 533 may be fixed to the bottom surface of the battery case 7.
- On the inner surface of the assembled battery case 53 a pair of assembling guide portions 531A for assembling the upper holding member 54 and the lower holding member 55 is formed.
- the built-in guide portion 531A extends in the vertical direction.
- a refrigerant inflow port 531B extending in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the unit cell 510 is formed on one end surface of the case body 531 in the Y-axis direction, and the longitudinal direction of the unit cell 1 is formed on the other end surface in the Y-axis direction.
- a refrigerant discharge port 531C extending in the direction is formed.
- a plurality of the refrigerant inlets 531B and the refrigerant outlets 531C are formed at predetermined intervals in the height direction (Z-axis direction) of the battery unit 50, respectively.
- An air intake duct (not shown) is connected to the refrigerant inlet 531B, and refrigerant air is introduced into the assembled battery case 53 through the intake duct and the refrigerant inlet 531B when the blower operates.
- the air introduced into the assembled battery case 53 is discharged from the refrigerant discharge port 531C after each unit cell 510 is cooled.
- a gas guide portion 54A communicating with the smoke exhaust duct connection port 532A is formed on the upper end surface (end surface in the Z-axis direction) of the upper holding member 54.
- seal material 54 ⁇ / b> B is interposed between upper holding member 54 and unit cell 510.
- the sealing material 54B may be resin or rubber.
- the inside of the assembled battery case 53 can be divided into two regions. Among these regions, the region on the side where the positive electrode terminal 511 of the unit cell 510 is located is used as a gas discharge path, and the region on the side where the negative electrode terminal 513 is located is used as a cooling path.
- the sealing material 54B is formed to be thin so as not to impair heat exchange between the unit cell 510 and the upper holding member 54 (lower holding member 55).
- An upper heater 81 is provided on the upper surface of the upper holding member 54.
- the upper holding member 54 is a solid plate-like member, and transfers the heat flowing from the upper heater 81 to each unit cell 510 held by the upper holding member 54. Thereby, the temperature of the first assembled battery 51 whose temperature has decreased can be increased, and the battery output can be increased.
- the upper heater 81 may be a cement-type resistor.
- the cement-type resistor includes a resistor housing case and a resistor housed in the resistor housing case.
- the resistor housing case is filled with a cement material.
- the resistor may be a bent metal plate.
- the metal plate may be an alloy containing copper and nickel.
- the resistor housing case may be ceramic.
- the ceramic may include alumina to increase thermal conductivity.
- the cement material may be a pasty insulating sealing material containing alumina powder or silica powder.
- the upper heater 81 may be a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater or a Peltier heater using a Peltier element.
- a lower heater 82 is provided on the lower surface of the lower holding member 55.
- the lower holding member 55 is a solid plate-like member, and transfers the heat flowing from the lower heater 82 to each unit cell 510 held by the lower holding member 54. Thereby, the temperature of the second assembled battery 52 whose temperature has decreased can be increased, and the battery output can be increased.
- an air layer is formed between the upper holding member 54 and the lower holding member 55, heat exchange between the holding members 54 and 55 is suppressed.
- the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are provided with a first relay 101 and a second relay 102, respectively.
- the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are contact type relays.
- the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 may be semiconductor relays.
- ECU (corresponding to a controller) 30 controls the switching operation of the first relay 101 and the second relay 102.
- the ECU that controls the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 and the ECU that controls other vehicle elements may be separate.
- the first heating unit 103 includes all the first heaters 81 and the second heaters 82 provided in the first battery block 5, and the second heating unit 104 includes the second heating unit 103. All the first heaters 81 and the second heaters 82 provided in the battery block 6 are included.
- the monitoring unit 31 includes a first voltage information acquisition unit 111, a second voltage information acquisition unit 112, a first temperature information acquisition unit 113, and a second temperature information acquisition unit 114.
- the first voltage information acquisition unit 111 acquires information on the voltage of each battery unit 50 included in the first battery block 5.
- the second voltage information acquisition unit 112 acquires voltage information of each battery unit 50 included in the second battery block 6.
- the monitoring unit 31 outputs the voltage information acquired by the first voltage information acquisition unit 111 and the second voltage information acquisition unit 112 to the ECU 30.
- the ECU 30 calculates the voltage value of each battery unit 50 included in the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 based on the voltage information output from the monitoring unit 31.
- the first temperature information acquisition unit 113 acquires information on the temperature of each battery unit 50 included in the first battery block 5.
- the second temperature information acquisition unit 114 acquires information regarding the temperature of each battery unit 50 included in the second battery block 6.
- the monitoring unit 31 outputs the temperature information acquired by the first temperature information acquisition unit 113 and the second temperature information acquisition unit 114 to the ECU 30.
- the ECU 30 calculates the temperature of each battery unit 50 included in the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 based on the temperature information output from the monitoring unit 31.
- the first temperature information acquisition unit 113 and the second temperature information acquisition unit 114 may be a thermistor.
- the ECU 30 detects the position of the ignition switch 120 that is driven between the off position and the on position.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a battery discharging method.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a battery charging method.
- ECU30 decodes the program read from the memory
- 8 to 11 are schematic diagrams schematically showing changes in the amount of electricity stored in the battery due to charging and discharging. Note that, in the initial state, the first heating unit 103 and the second heating unit 104 are stopped, and the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are turned off.
- step S101 when the ignition switch 120 is turned on, the process proceeds to step S102.
- step S102 the ECU 30 starts temperature measurement based on the detection results of the first temperature information acquisition unit 113 and the second temperature information acquisition unit 114, and proceeds to step S103.
- step S103 the ECU 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the second battery block 6 is ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower based on the detection result of the second voltage information acquisition unit 112.
- the process proceeds to step S104, and when the temperature of the second battery block 6 is not ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, the process returns to step S102.
- step S104 the ECU 30 drives the second heating unit 104.
- the ECU 30 may drive one of the first heater 81 and the second heater 82 included in the second heating unit 104, or alternatively, the first heater 81 and the second heater 82 may be driven. All of the two heaters 82 may be driven.
- the second heating unit 104 is driven based on the temperature of the second battery block 6, but may be driven based on other criteria.
- the other criterion may be engine oil temperature.
- ⁇ 10 ° C. as the temperature threshold is an arbitrary value set based on the battery characteristics in which the internal resistance increases as the temperature decreases, and can be appropriately changed according to the battery specifications.
- step S105 the ECU 30 determines whether or not the temperature of the second battery block 6 has risen to 40 ° C. or higher. If the temperature of the second battery block 6 has risen to 40 ° C. or higher, step 30 is performed. The process proceeds to S106, and if the temperature of the second battery block 6 has not been raised to 40 ° C. or higher, the process returns to Step S104.
- 40 degreeC as a temperature threshold value can be suitably changed according to the specification of a battery.
- step S106 the ECU 30 stops driving the second heating unit 104 and proceeds to step S107.
- the ECU 30 may store history information that has driven the second heating unit 104 in the storage unit 32.
- the ECU 30 may read the history information from the storage unit 32 and drive a heating unit (that is, the first heating unit 103) different from the current one. That is, the ECU 30 may selectively drive the first heating unit 103 and the second heating unit 104.
- step S107 the ECU 30 switches the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 from off to on, and proceeds to step S108.
- step S108 the ECU 30 allows discharge of the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 (that is, executes the first discharge process), and proceeds to step S109.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the storage amount of each battery unit 50 after allowing the battery 11 to discharge.
- the battery unit 50 whose capacity has deteriorated is particularly referred to as a deteriorated battery unit 50A
- the battery unit 50 with relatively little capacity deterioration is particularly referred to as an undegraded battery unit 50B.
- the amount of electricity stored in each battery unit 50 is indicated by hatching, and the direction in which the current flows is indicated by an arrow.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 it is assumed that the first battery block 5 includes a deteriorated battery unit 50A and the second battery block 6 does not include the deteriorated battery unit 50A.
- the capacity of the battery deteriorates due to repeated charge / discharge or temperature rise, and the capacity deterioration rate may vary depending on each battery unit 50.
- second battery block 6 is discharged more than first battery block 5 because the internal resistance is lower than that of first battery block 5 due to the temperature rise in step S ⁇ b> 104.
- the output of time increases. Therefore, as the battery 11 is discharged, the storage amount of each undegraded battery unit 50B included in the second battery block 6 is the storage amount of each undegraded battery unit 50B included in the first battery block 5. Less than.
- step S109 the ECU 30 determines whether or not the voltage of the battery unit 50 included in the second battery block 6 is higher than the lower limit voltage. If the voltage of the battery unit 50 is lower than the lower limit voltage, step S110 is performed. If the voltage of the battery unit 50 is higher than the lower limit voltage, the process returns to step S108.
- the lower limit voltage varies depending on the vehicle.
- the vehicle 1 is a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV)
- the lower limit voltage can be set so that sufficient output can be obtained during hybrid traveling using both the engine and the battery 11.
- the vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle (EV)
- the lower limit voltage can be set from the viewpoint of suppressing the promotion of battery deterioration.
- the lower limit voltage in the plug-in hybrid vehicle is higher than the lower limit voltage in the electric vehicle.
- a lower limit voltage can also be suitably changed according to the kind of battery.
- step S110 the ECU 30 switches only the second relay 102 out of the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 off.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the charged amount of each battery unit 50 immediately after the second relay 102 is turned off.
- the vehicle 1 has only the electric power output from the first battery block 5 out of the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6. Is switched to a traveling mode for traveling, that is, a mode for executing the second discharge process. By executing the second discharge process, the amount of power stored in each battery unit 50 of the first battery block 5 gradually decreases.
- step S111 the ECU 30 determines whether the voltage of the battery unit 50 included in the first battery block 5 (that is, the voltage value of the deteriorated battery unit 50A) is higher than the lower limit voltage, and the voltage of the battery unit 50 is determined. If the voltage of the battery unit 50 is higher than the lower limit voltage, the process returns to step S110. Since the definitions of “lower limit voltage” and “lower limit threshold” have been described above, the description will not be repeated.
- step S112 the ECU 30 turns off the second relay 102, that is, sets both the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 to the off state.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the amount of electricity stored in each battery unit 50 immediately after both the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are turned off.
- the deteriorated battery unit 50 ⁇ / b> A has a very small amount of power storage.
- step S113 the discharge ends.
- both the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 include the battery unit 50 whose voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, it is necessary to charge.
- the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are in a state where both the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are turned on.
- a method of charging the block 6 simultaneously is conceivable.
- this method at the moment when the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are turned on, one battery having a higher voltage is generated due to the voltage difference between the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6.
- a circulating current flows from the block to the other battery block having a lower voltage, and the battery unit included in the one battery block may be overdischarged.
- the voltage L of the first battery block 5 is higher than the voltage R of the second battery block 6, so that the first relay 101 and the second relay 102 are turned on.
- the circulating current flows from the first battery block 5 to the second battery block 6. Therefore, the deteriorated battery unit 50A included in the first battery block 5 may be overdischarged. Therefore, in the present embodiment, overdischarge of the deteriorated battery unit 50A is suppressed by charging the battery 11 by the following charging method.
- step S201 ECU 30 calculates voltage L of first battery block 5 and voltage R of second battery block 6, and proceeds to step S202.
- step S202 the ECU 30 determines whether or not the voltage L of the first battery block 5 and the voltage R of the second battery block 6 are equal to each other, and the voltage L and the second battery of the first battery block 5 are equal to each other. If the voltage R of the block 6 is equal to each other, the process proceeds to step S207, and if the voltage L of the first battery block 5 and the voltage R of the second battery block 6 are not equal to each other, the process proceeds to step S203.
- step S203 the ECU 30 determines whether the voltage L of the first battery block 5 is lower than the voltage R of the second battery block 6, and the voltage L of the first battery block 5 is the second battery.
- the process proceeds to step S204, and the voltage L of the first battery block 5 is lower than the voltage R of the second battery block 6. Then, the process proceeds to step S205.
- step S204 the ECU 30 turns on the second relay 102 and proceeds to step S206.
- step S206 the ECU 30 starts charging the battery 11 and returns to step S201.
- the battery 11 may be charged by connecting a commercial power source (corresponding to a power supply unit) to a charger (not shown) mounted on the vehicle 1.
- the battery 11 may be charged via the inverter 13 and the voltage converter 12 by operating the motor 14 as a generator (corresponding to a power supply unit).
- the motor 14 as a generator (corresponding to a power supply unit).
- FIG. 11 only the second battery block 6 is charged among the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6, and the voltages of the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are charged. The difference gradually decreases.
- the first battery block 5 including the deteriorated battery unit 50A and the second battery having a voltage lower than that of the first battery block 5 and not including the deteriorated battery unit 50A.
- the battery 11 having the block 6 When the battery 11 having the block 6 is charged, only the second battery block 6 is charged until the voltage difference between the battery blocks 5 and 6 disappears, so that the deterioration included in the first battery block 5 is included.
- the overdischarge of the battery unit 50A can be suppressed. That is, since it is possible to prevent the circulating current from flowing from the first battery block 5 to the second battery block 6, overdischarge of the deteriorated battery unit 50 ⁇ / b> A included in the first battery block 5 can be suppressed.
- the deteriorated battery unit 50A when the deteriorated battery unit 50A is overdischarged, it is necessary to replace the battery 11, so that the cost increases. According to the configuration of the present embodiment, since the overdischarge of the deteriorated battery unit 50A is suppressed, the replacement cycle of the battery 11 can be lengthened.
- step S205 the ECU 30 turns on the first relay 101 and proceeds to step S206.
- step S206 the ECU 30 starts charging the battery 11 and returns to step S201. In this case, only the first battery block 5 is charged out of the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6, and the voltage difference between the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 is gradually reduced. .
- the battery unit 50 with the most advanced capacity deterioration is included in the second battery block 6, the voltage R of the second battery block 6 is higher than the voltage L of the first battery block 5. .
- step S207 the ECU 30 turns on the first relay 101 and the second relay 102, and starts normal charging in step S208.
- the normal charging is different from the charging in step S206 described above, that is, charging that eliminates the voltage difference between the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6, and the vehicle 1 is an electric vehicle ( EV) means that the battery 11 is charged to the vicinity of the control upper limit value.
- EV electric vehicle
- the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 are configured by the battery unit 50 in which a plurality of single cells 510 are connected in parallel.
- a single battery 510 can also be used.
- each of the first battery block 5 and the second battery block 6 is configured by connecting the single cells 510 in series.
- the single battery 510 may be a battery cell composed of one power generation element, or a battery module in which a plurality of battery cells are connected.
Abstract
Description
上述の実施形態では、図9に図示するように、第2の電池ブロック6の放電が禁止された後、第1の電池ブロック5のみを放電する第2の放電処理を行ったが、本発明はこれに限られるものではなく、第2の電池ブロック6の放電が禁止された後、第2の放電処理を省略して、図10に示す充電処理を行ってもよい。
上述の実施形態では、第1の電池ブロック5及び第2の電池ブロック6を、複数の単電池510を並列に接続した電池ユニット50により構成したが、本発明はこれに限られるものではなく、単電池510により構成することもできる。この場合、第1の電池ブロック5及び第2の電池ブロック6はそれぞれ単電池510が直列に接続されることにより構成される。単電池510は、一つの発電要素からなる電池セル、或いは複数の電池セルを接続した電池モジュールであってもよい。
7 バッテリケース 11 バッテリ 12 電圧コンバータ
13 インバータ 14 モータ 15 システムメインリレー
17 プリチャージ抵抗 30 ECU 32 記憶部
50 電池ユニット 50A 劣化電池ユニット
50B 未劣化電池ユニット 51 第1の組電池
52 第2の組電池 53 組電池ケース 54 上部保持部材
55 下部保持部材 56 上部バスバ 57 下部バスバ
101 第1のリレー 102 第2のリレー
103 第1の加熱部 104 第2の加熱部
111 第1の電圧情報取得部 112 第2の電圧情報取得部
113 第1の温度情報取得部 114 第2の温度情報取得部
Claims (8)
- 互いに並列に接続され、電力供給部から供給される電力により充電される第1及び第2の電池を有する車両用バッテリであって、車両を走行するモータに供給される電力を蓄電する前記車両用バッテリの制御装置であって、
前記第1及び前記第2の電池にはそれぞれ、前記電力供給部からの充電を許容する許容状態と充電を許容しない非許容状態との間で動作するリレーが設けられており、
前記第1の電池及び前記第2の電池の間に電圧差がある場合には、電圧が低い側の一方の電池に対応した前記リレーを前記許容状態にして、前記一方の電池のみを充電し、この充電により前記一方の電池の電圧が他方の電池の電圧と等しくなった場合には、前記一方の電池及び前記他方の電池の前記リレーを共に前記許容状態にして、前記一方の電池及び前記他方の電池を充電する充電処理を実行するコントローラと、を有することを特徴とする車両用バッテリの制御装置。 - 前記第1の電池の電圧に関する情報を取得する第1の電圧情報取得部と、
前記第2の電池の電圧に関する情報を取得する第2の電圧情報取得部と、を有し、
前記コントローラは、前記第1及び前記第2の電圧情報取得部の取得結果に基づき、前記充電処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用バッテリの制御装置。 - 前記第1及び前記第2の電池のうちいずれか一方を選択的に加熱する加熱部を有し、
前記充電処理の対象となる前記車両用バッテリにおいて、前記一方の電池は、前記加熱部により加熱され、前記一方及び前記他方の電池にそれぞれ対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態にした状態で前記他方の電池とともに放電する第1の放電処理が行われることにより、前記他方の電池よりも電圧が低くなっていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車両用バッテリの制御装置。 - 前記一方及び前記他方の電池はそれぞれ、複数の電池要素を直列に接続した電池ブロックであり、
前記第1の放電処理は、前記一方の電池に含まれるいずれかの前記電池要素が下限電圧に達したときに、前記一方の電池に対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態から前記非許容状態に切り替えることにより、前記他方の電池のみを放電する第2の放電処理に切り替わり、
前記第2の放電処理は、前記他方の電池に含まれるいずれかの前記電池要素が前記下限電圧に達したときに、前記他方の電池に対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態から前記非許容状態に切り替えることにより中止され、この第2の放電処理の中止後の前記一方及び前記他方の電池に対して前記充電処理を実行することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両用バッテリの制御装置。 - 前記電池要素は、複数の単電池を並列に接続した電池ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用バッテリの制御装置。
- 互いに並列に接続され、電力供給部から供給される電力により充電される第1及び第2の電池と、これらの前記第1及び第2の電池にそれぞれ設けられ、前記電力供給部からの充電を許容する許容状態と充電を許容しない非許容状態との間で動作するリレーと、を有する車両用バッテリであって、車両を走行するモータに供給される電力を蓄電する前記車両用バッテリの制御方法であって、
前記第1の電池及び前記第2の電池の間に電圧差がある場合には、電圧が低い側の一方の電池に対応した前記リレーを前記許容状態にして、前記一方の電池のみを充電し、この充電により前記一方の電池の電圧が他方の電池の電圧と等しくなった場合には、前記一方の電池及び前記他方の電池の前記リレーを共に前記許容状態にして、前記一方の電池及び前記他方の電池を充電する充電処理を実行することを特徴とする車両用バッテリの制御方法。 - 前記車両用バッテリには、前記第1及び前記第2の電池のうちいずれか一方を選択的に加熱する加熱部が設けられており、
前記充電処理の対象となる前記車両用バッテリにおいて、前記一方の電池は、前記加熱部により加熱され、前記一方及び前記他方の電池にそれぞれ対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態にした状態で前記他方の電池とともに放電する第1の放電処理が行われることにより、前記他方の電池よりも電圧が低くなっていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の車両用バッテリの制御方法。 - 前記一方及び前記他方の電池はそれぞれ、複数の電池要素を直列に接続した電池ブロックであり、
前記第1の放電処理は、前記一方の電池に含まれるいずれかの前記電池要素が下限電圧に達したときに、前記一方の電池に対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態から前記非許容状態に切り替えることにより、前記他方の電池のみを放電する第2の放電処理に切り替わり、
前記第2の放電処理は、前記他方の電池に含まれるいずれかの前記電池要素が前記下限電圧に達したときに、前記他方の電池に対応する前記リレーを前記許容状態から前記非許容状態に切り替えることにより中止され、この第2の放電処理の中止後の前記一方及び前記他方の電池に対して前記充電処理を実行することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の車両用バッテリの制御方法。
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JP2016029871A (ja) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-03-03 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電気推進装置の充電制御方式 |
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JP6992941B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 | 2022-01-13 | ゲンサーム インコーポレイテッド | 車両用のバッテリー及びキャパシタアセンブリ、並びにその加熱及び冷却のための方法 |
JP2019515414A (ja) * | 2016-03-02 | 2019-06-06 | ゲンサーム インコーポレイテッド | 車両用のバッテリー及びキャパシタアセンブリ、並びにその加熱及び冷却のための方法 |
JP2020532268A (ja) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-11-05 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | バッテリー制御装置及びこれを含むエネルギー貯蔵システム |
JP7045570B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-04-01 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー制御装置及びこれを含むエネルギー貯蔵システム |
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JP2020005386A (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-09 | 株式会社Soken | 電源システム |
JP7071229B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 | 2022-05-18 | 株式会社Soken | 電源システム |
JP2020018092A (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 充電制御装置 |
JP7137387B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-09-14 | メルセデス・ベンツ グループ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 充電制御装置、及び電動車両 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20150042284A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
JPWO2013042165A1 (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
JP5790767B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
EP2760105A1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
CN103828178A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2760105A4 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
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