WO2013034105A1 - 液晶取向膜及其制备方法及包含该取向膜的液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶取向膜及其制备方法及包含该取向膜的液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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WO2013034105A1
WO2013034105A1 PCT/CN2012/081159 CN2012081159W WO2013034105A1 WO 2013034105 A1 WO2013034105 A1 WO 2013034105A1 CN 2012081159 W CN2012081159 W CN 2012081159W WO 2013034105 A1 WO2013034105 A1 WO 2013034105A1
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group
liquid crystal
formula
polyimide
alignment film
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PCT/CN2012/081159
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English (en)
French (fr)
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肖昂
朱海波
宋省勋
李伟
刘志勇
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北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Priority to US13/703,668 priority Critical patent/US9023440B2/en
Publication of WO2013034105A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013034105A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D179/00Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
    • C09D179/04Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C09D179/08Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G02F1/133723Polyimide, polyamide-imide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/02Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/02Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/027Polyimide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133784Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film, a method for producing the same, and a liquid crystal display device including the alignment film.
  • a process of coating an alignment film on a substrate is generally used to realize alignment of liquid crystal molecules. As shown in FIG. 1, the alignment film 2 coated on the surface of the substrate 1 is aligned in the rubbing direction by the rubbing roller 3 rotating at a high speed, and the thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate and the color film (CF) substrate are aligned.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • CF color film
  • the anchoring action of the alignment film on the surface liquid crystal molecules causes the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in a certain direction.
  • the main component of the oriented film is polyimide.
  • the conventional polyimide oriented film is mainly obtained by polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine in a solvent such as N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP) to form a polyimide acid, and then heating the polyimide acid.
  • NMP N-decylpyrrolidone
  • Dehydration to form a polyimide alignment film (as shown in FIG. 2), and the above method is used to polymerize pyromellitic dianhydride and a p-phenylenediamine derivative, a homologue or a side chain substituent modification.
  • a modified polyimide oriented film is mainly obtained by polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine in a solvent such as N-decylpyrrolidone (NMP) to form a polyimide acid, and then heating the polyimide acid.
  • Dehydration to form a polyimide alignment film (as
  • the polyimide oriented film obtained by this method has a long single linear structure, and a chain is formed by a combination of intermolecular interactions such as ⁇ - ⁇ interaction, hydrogen bonding or steric hindrance.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 5 are adsorbed on the polyimide, and the intermolecular interaction between the liquid crystal molecules and the polyimide determines the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the polyimide.
  • the morphology of the chain, the attraction of the aromatic ring on the main chain and the aromatic ring on the liquid crystal molecule, and the repulsion of the side chain alkane to the liquid crystal molecule play a leading role in the directional arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the specific gravity or volume of the aromatic hydrocarbon in the polyimide main chain or the side chain of the long alkane is embedded to enhance the orientation force of the alignment film on the liquid crystal molecules, since the conventional polyimide main chain is not completely straight.
  • Chain structure so simple Increasing the orientation effect of the alignment film on the liquid crystal molecules by increasing the specific gravity or volume of the aromatic hydrocarbon causes the ⁇ - ⁇ interaction between the polyimide chain and the chain to be too strong, and the polyimide main chains are bonded to each other, thereby causing The liquid crystal molecules adsorbed on the surface of the polyimide alignment film have different twist angles in different regions of the polyimide main chain, thereby causing the liquid crystal molecules 5 to be arranged in different directions in different regions of the polyimide main chain 4 (formed as shown in the figure) In the case shown in Fig.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment film which changes a main chain configuration of a polyimide in an alignment film, reduces ⁇ - ⁇ interaction between polyimide main chains, and makes the alignment film structure more regular. It is more advantageous for the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules to be uniformly arranged, thereby improving the contrast of the display.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film.
  • a liquid crystal alignment film comprising: polyimide obtained by reacting a compound represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 with an aromatic diamine of Formula 1,
  • a dough refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, preferably fluoro or chloro.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R , R 2 , R 3 ', ', R 5 ', R 6 ', R 7 ' or R 8 are An alkane group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a 1 ⁇ 4 hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • the Ar includes an aromatic group or an optionally substituted aromatic group.
  • it is a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a diphenyl ether group.
  • the alkane group is a decyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a tert-butyl group.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a phenyl group, a fluorenylphenyl group, a benzyl group or a triphenylcarbon group.
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon group is a difluoroindenyl group or a trifluoroindenyl group.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film as described above.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention provides a method of producing a liquid crystal alignment film, the method comprising the steps of:
  • R ⁇ , R]
  • R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R 8 'substituent is H, alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon or halogen a hydrocarbon group, wherein Ar in the formula 1 is an aromatic group;
  • the polyimide acid is hook-coated on the substrate and heated to obtain a polyimide liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the mixing and stirring time in the step 1) is 24 h.
  • the step 2) after the polyimide acid is uniformly applied to the substrate, it is heated at 80-100 ° C for 1 h, then at 210- Heat at 240 ° C for 1 h.
  • the solvent is N-decyl pyrrolidone, Y-butyrolactone, or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
  • a substituent of R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R , R 2 , R 3 ', ', R 5 ', R 6 ', R 7 ' or R 8 is 1- An alkane group of 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; the Ar is a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a diphenyl acid group.
  • the alkane group is a decyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a t-butyl group;
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a phenyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a triphenyl group.
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon group is a difluoroindenyl group or a trifluoroindenyl group.
  • a liquid crystal alignment film comprising: polyimide, wherein the polyimide is obtained by reacting a compound represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 with an aromatic diamine of Formula 1,
  • R ⁇ , R]
  • R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R 8 'substituent is H, alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon or face Hydrocarbyl group.
  • liquid crystal aligning film as described in ⁇ 1>, wherein the polyimide includes a repeating unit having the following formula:
  • Ar is an aromatic group
  • Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R_5, R_6, R 7 , Ri, R 2 R 3 ', ', R 5 ', R 6 ', R 7 ' or R 8 substituent is 11, an alkane group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group Or a halo group,
  • n is an integer from 2-20.
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to ⁇ 1>.
  • a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film comprising the steps of:
  • R1 ⁇ r, R]
  • R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R 8 'substituent is H, alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon or halogen a hydrocarbon group, wherein Ar in the formula 1 is an aromatic group;
  • the polyimide acid is hook-coated on the substrate and heated to obtain a polyimide liquid crystal alignment film.
  • alkane group is a mercapto group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a t-butyl group;
  • the hydrocarbon group is a phenyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a triphenylcarbon group; and the halogenated hydrocarbon group is a difluoroindenyl group or a trifluoroindenyl group.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing coating of an alignment film on a TFT substrate in the prior art
  • 3 is a schematic view showing alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the surface of an alignment film
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the main chain structure of a polyimide formed by reacting naphthotetracarboxylic dianhydride with an aromatic diamine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a main chain of a polyimide formed by reacting a naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride or a ruthenium tetracarboxylic dianhydride with an aromatic diamine in the embodiment of the present invention;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the reaction of preparing a polyimide oriented film using tetrakisylphthalaphthalene as a precursor in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is composed of polyimide, which is obtained by reacting a compound represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 with an aromatic diamine of Formula 1,
  • Ar in the formula 1 is an aromatic group, specifically phenyl (formula la), biphenyl (formula lb) or dibenzoic acid (formula lc) .
  • R2, R3, R4 , R5, R6, R7, Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 or R 8 substituent may be H, alkane group (preferably having 1 to 10 An alkane group of a carbon atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group (preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms) or a 1 ⁇ 4 hydrocarbon group (preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or the like.
  • polyimides provided herein have the following general formula:
  • Ar is an aromatic group
  • R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 ' R 5 , R 7 , R 7 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 R 6 ', R 7 ' or R 8 substituents are 11, an alkane group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a halohydrocarbyl group, n is an integer of 2-20, preferably an integer of 3-15, more preferably an integer of 3-10, and most preferably an integer of 5-8.
  • the alkane group may specifically be a mercapto group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a t-butyl group; and the like;
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be a phenyl group. Or a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a triphenylcarbyl group;
  • the halogenated hydrocarbon group is preferably a difluoroindenyl group or a trifluoroindenyl group, and may of course be other halogenated hydrocarbon groups such as dichloroindenyl or trichloroanthracene.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different substituents, in particular, when R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are In the case of H atom, Formula 2 is binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, that is, the compound of Formula 2 in the present invention is binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and a substitute thereof; Similarly, R, R 2 , R 3 ' in Formula 3, ', R 5 ', R 6 ', R 7 ' and R 8 may be the same or different substituents, in particular, when R, R 2 , R 3 ', R4, R 5 ', R 6 ', R 7 When both R 8 and H 8 are H atoms, Formula 3 is a hydrazine tetracarboxylic dianhydride, that is, the compound of Formula 3 in the present invention is
  • the molecular structure of the compound of Formula 2 or Formula 3 i.e., binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, ruthenium tetracarboxylic dianhydride and its substitute
  • the molecular structure of the compound of Formula 2 or Formula 3 is itself non-coplanar X-like, as shown in FIG. 4 (
  • the binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is taken as an example.
  • the position of the holes on the polyimide 8 main chain is very favorable for the uniform alignment of the surface liquid crystal molecules.
  • the high content of aromatic groups on the polyimide backbone is beneficial to strengthen the pair.
  • the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polyimide main chain is a twisted W shape, which can reduce the ⁇ - ⁇ mutual attraction between the chains and the chains, and prevent the liquid crystal molecules of the polyimide alignment film from being in different regions of the main chain.
  • the contrast of the liquid crystal display is lowered due to the difference in the twist angle.
  • the present invention can also control the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules by controlling the substituents on the binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and the ruthenium tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • a bulky substituent 9 such as a fluorenylphenyl group (formula 2a), a tert-butyl group (formula 2b), a triphenylcarboyl group (formula 2c), etc.
  • the (weight average) molecular weight of the polyimide used for forming the liquid crystal alignment film is, for example,
  • the present invention further provides a method for preparing the above liquid crystal alignment film, comprising the steps of: 1) mixing and stirring a compound represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 with an aromatic diamine of Formula 1 in a solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere to carry out a reaction. , for example, 24 hours, to obtain a polyimide acid;
  • the reaction or heating time in steps 1) and 2) can be adjusted depending on the specific temperature, the amount of raw materials, and the like.
  • the compound represented by the formula 2 or the formula 3 may be the same as the compound represented by the formula 2 or the formula 3 in the above liquid crystal alignment film, and will not be described herein.
  • the solvent in the step 1) may be N-mercaptopyrrolidone, Y-butyrolactone or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or the like.
  • the compound of the formula 2 or formula 3 in the present invention can be produced by a conventional method.
  • tetralinyl phthalic acid is used as a precursor to prepare binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • tetradecyl cyanophthalene is catalyzed by V 2 0 5 to form binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is reacted with an aromatic diamine to form a polyamic acid, and the polyamic acid is heated to obtain a polyimide oriented film.
  • the polyimide liquid crystal alignment film provided by the present invention changes the main chain configuration of the polyimide in the alignment film, reduces the ⁇ - ⁇ interaction between the polyimide main chains, and makes the structure of the alignment film more regular. It is more advantageous for the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules to be uniformly arranged, thereby improving the contrast of the display.
  • the molecular structure of the polyimide of the present invention itself is non-coplanar X-like, as shown below
  • the main chain of the polyimide formed by the reaction of Formula 1 and Formula 2 or 3 has a twisted W shape having a dihedral angle, has a regular stereo configuration, and the position of the cavity on the polyimide main chain It is very advantageous for the surface liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in a certain direction.
  • a high content of aromatic groups on the polyimide main chain is beneficial to enhance the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polyimide main chain is a twisted W shape.
  • the ⁇ - ⁇ mutual attraction between the chain and the chain is alleviated, and the contrast of the liquid crystal display is prevented from being caused by the difference in the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the polyimide alignment film in different regions of the main chain.
  • the present invention further provides a liquid crystal display device comprising the above liquid crystal alignment film.
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising the above liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the following is a specific embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
  • Example 2 After calculation, for example, using the Gaussain03 program, using the B3LYP/3-21G method, Example 1 The dihedral angle of the obtained polyimide was 42. ⁇ Example 2
  • Example 3 uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 2 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 2 was 42.4. .
  • Example 3 uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 3 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 3 was 39.6. .
  • Example 4 Example 4
  • Example 3 uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 4 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 4 was 40.8. .
  • Example 1) 17 g of dianhydride precursor A is oxidized under the action of catalyst V 2 0 5 to form dianhydride B.
  • Example 3 uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 5 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 5 was 43.1. .
  • Example 7 3) uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 6 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 6 was 43.8. .
  • Example 7 Hook the polyimide acid D onto the substrate, first heating at 80-100 °C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing part of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 °C About lh, polyimide E was produced, and the oriented film 7 of the Example of this invention was obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 7 was 48.1.
  • Example 7 The dihedral angle was increased due to the steric hindrance of the decane substituent in the ortho-position of binaphthyl.
  • Example 8
  • Example 3 uniformly apply the polyimide acid D to the substrate, first heating at 80-100 ° C for about 1 h, evaporating part of the solvent, cyclizing a portion of the polyimide acid D, and then heating at 210-240 ° C. Lh, polyimide E is produced, whereby the oriented film 8 of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
  • the dihedral angle of the polyimide obtained in Example 8 was 42.6. .
  • the polyimide acid liquid obtained above was then coated on the surface of the substrate.
  • the substrate coated with the polyamic acid liquid was heated at 100 ° C for about 2 min to be pre-cured, and then heated at 230 ° C for about 1 h to be mainly cured to obtain a polyimide liquid crystal orientation.
  • membrane Hardly observed stretching vibration of carbonyl group of the amide (1660cm- 1) and the vibration of aromatic carboxylic acid groups betray carboxyl group (1720cm- 1) in the infrared language, 1730cm "diamine carbonyl absorption peak 1 illustrates a poly The amide group of the amic acid and the carboxyl group undergo a cyclization reaction to form a polyimide.
  • the alignment film 1-8 of the above-mentioned Example 1-8 and the conventional alignment film (made of Japanese Nissan SE-7951 polyimide prepolymerization precursor, hereinafter referred to as alignment film SE-7951) were respectively applied to liquid crystal.
  • the same process was used to fabricate a liquid crystal display using the alignment film 1-8 and the alignment film SE-7951, respectively, for contrast test.
  • the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display produced by using the liquid crystal alignment film of the embodiment of the present invention was 954-1103, which was higher than that of the liquid crystal display produced by the conventional alignment film SE-7951. Therefore, the present invention uses a non-coplanar X-like naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, ruthenium tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a substitute thereof to react with an aromatic diamine to prepare a W-like polyimide orientation.
  • the film is beneficial for reducing the mutual attraction of ⁇ - ⁇ between the polyimide main chains, enhancing the orientation effect on the liquid crystal molecules, thereby facilitating the uniform arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the polyimide, and improving the liquid crystal display. Contrast.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages: 1.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film of the embodiment of the present invention has a non-coplanar, X-like naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a combination thereof.
  • the tetraacid dianhydride and its substituted product are reacted with an aromatic diamine to prepare a polyimide oriented film, and the polyimide main chain formed by polymerization is W-shaped, and has a regular stereo configuration, compared with the conventional linear polyacyl group.
  • the imine, the high content of the aromatic group on the polyimide main chain in the liquid crystal alignment film of the embodiment of the invention is advantageous for enhancing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and the main chain is a twisted W shape, which reduces the polyacyl group.
  • the ⁇ - ⁇ mutual attraction between the main chain of the imine enhances the interaction between the liquid crystal molecules and the polyimide, so that the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly aligned on the surface of the polyimide, thereby improving the contrast of the liquid crystal display;
  • the addition of a molecule such as binaphthyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and ruthenium tetracarboxylic dianhydride is not added.
  • the same substituents make the liquid crystal molecules close to the polyimide can only be adsorbed to one side due to the steric effect of the substituent, thereby improving the uniformity of the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules, and can be obtained by selecting different volume substituents.
  • the pretilt angle is used to adjust the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules to meet the requirements of different pretilt angles and display modes.

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Abstract

一种液晶取向膜由聚酰亚胺构成,所述聚酰亚胺由式2或式3所示的化合物与式1所示的芳香二胺反应得到,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7 、R1' 、R2' 、 R3' 、R4' 、R5' 、R6' 、R7' 或 R8' 取代基为 H、烷烃基、芳香烃基或卤代烃基,所述 Ar为芳香基。该样的液晶取向膜具有规整的立体构型,减小了聚酰亚胺主链之间的π-π相互吸引作用,使液晶分子在聚酰亚胺表面定向均一排布,从而提高了液晶显示器的对比度。还包括一种液晶取向膜的制备方法及包含该取向膜的液晶显示装置。

Description

液晶取向膜及其制备方法及包含该取向膜的液晶显示装置 技术领域 本发明涉及液晶取向膜及其制备方法及包含该取向膜的液晶显示装置。 背景技术 在薄膜晶体管液晶显示器的制作过程中, 液晶取向的均一性直接影响显 示器的各项品质, 生产中一般釆用在基板上涂覆取向膜的工艺来实现液晶分 子的定向排列。 如图 1所示, 涂覆在基板 1表面的取向膜 2在高速旋转的摩 擦辊 3的作用下沿摩擦方向定向排列, 在将薄膜晶体管 (TFT ) 阵列基板与 彩膜 ( CF )基板对盒后通过取向膜对表面液晶分子的锚定作用使液晶分子沿 一定方向排列。 取向膜的主要成分为聚酰亚胺。 随着人们对显示器显示品质 要求的日益提高, 尤其在平面方向转换(IPS, In-Plane-Switching )和边缘场 转换(FFS, Fringe Field Switching )等高端显示模式中, 液晶分子定向排布 的均一性越来越受到重视, 因此取向膜对液晶分子的定向作用的能力也成为 关注的要点。
传统的聚酰亚胺取向膜主要由均苯四酸二酐与对苯二胺在溶剂(如 N曱 基吡咯烷酮 (NMP ) )中聚合生成聚酰亚胺酸, 再将聚酰亚胺酸加热脱水生 成聚酰亚胺取向膜(如图 2所示), 釆用上述方法将均苯四酸二酐和对苯二 胺的衍生物、 同系物或侧链取代基修饰物等聚合即可得到改良型的聚酰亚胺 取向膜。 釆用这种方法得到的聚酰亚胺取向膜具有长单直链结构, 链与链之 间通过分子间相互作用,如 π-π相互作用、氢键或空间位阻等结合形成堆积。 如图 3所示, 液晶分子 5吸附在聚酰亚胺上, 液晶分子与聚酰亚胺的分子间 相互作用决定了聚酰亚胺表层液晶分子的排布, 研究表明, 聚酰亚胺主链的 形貌、主链上芳环与液晶分子上芳环的吸引作用以及侧链烷烃对液晶分子的 排斥作用在液晶分子的定向排布中起主导作用。现有技术多釆用增加聚酰亚 胺主链中芳烃的比重或者体积或嵌入长烷烃侧链来加强取向膜对液晶分子 的定向作用力, 由于传统的聚酰亚胺主链并非完全的直链结构, 因此单纯的 通过增加芳烃比重或者体积来增强取向膜对液晶分子的定向效果会导致聚 酰亚胺链与链之间的 π-π相互作用过强, 使聚酰亚胺主链相互结合在一起, 从而造成吸附在聚酰亚胺取向膜表面的液晶分子在聚酰亚胺主链的不同区 域扭转角不同,从而导致液晶分子 5在聚酰亚胺主链 4的不同区域排布方向 不一致(形成如图 3所示的情况), 不能较好地实现液晶分子的定向均一排 列, 造成液晶显示器对比度降低, 从而引起液晶显示器显示品质下降。 发明内容 本发明提供了一种液晶取向膜, 改变取向膜中聚酰亚胺的主链构型, 减 小聚酰亚胺主链之间的 π-π相互作用, 使取向膜结构更加规整, 更有利于液 晶分子的定向均一排布, 从而提高显示器的对比度。 本发明还提供了液晶取 向膜的制备方法及包含该液晶取向膜的液晶显示装置。
本发明的一个方面提供一种液晶取向膜, 所述取向膜由聚酰亚胺构成, 所述聚酰亚胺由式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺反应得到,
Η2Ν—— Ar—— NH2 式 1 其中, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基,
Figure imgf000004_0001
■^τ中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Ri、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 或 R8取代基为 H、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基。 本文中, 面代指的是氟 代、 氯代、 溴代或碘代, 优选氟代或氯代。
进一步地, 所述 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 '、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代基为含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃基、含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃 基或含 1-10个碳原子的 1¾代烃基;所述 Ar包括芳香基或任选取代的芳香基, 例如为苯基、 联苯基或二苯醚基。
例如, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或 叔丁基。
例如, 所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄基或三苯基碳基。
例如, 所述卤代烃基为二氟曱基或三氟曱基。
本发明的另一个方面还提供一种液晶显示装置, 该液晶显示装置包含如 上所述的液晶取向膜。
本发明的再一个方面还提供一种液晶取向膜的制备方法, 所述方法包括 以下步骤:
1 )在氮气保护下, 将式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺在溶 剂中混合搅拌得到聚酰亚胺酸;
H2N—— Ar—— NH2 式 1
Figure imgf000005_0001
■^τ中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 或 R8 '取代基为 H、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或卤代烃基, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基;
2 )将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板上, 进行加热, 得到聚酰亚胺液晶取 向膜。
例如, 所述步骤 1 )中混合搅拌的时间为 24h, 所述步骤 2 )中, 将聚酰 亚胺酸均匀涂覆到基板后, 先在 80-100 °C下加热 lh, 然后在 210-240 °C下加 热 lh。
例如, 所述溶剂为 N-曱基吡咯烷酮、 Y -丁内酯、 或乙二醇单丁醚。 例如, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 '、 R5'、 R6'、 R7' 或 R8取代基为含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃基、含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基或含 1-10个碳原子的卤代烃基; 所述 Ar为苯基、 联苯基或二苯酸基。
例如, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或 叔丁基; 所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄基或三苯基碳基; 所述卤代烃基 为二氟曱基或三氟曱基。
具体地, 本文提供了如下的技术方案:
<1>、 一种液晶取向膜, 所述取向膜由聚酰亚胺构成, 其中, 所述聚酰 亚胺由式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺反应得到,
H2N—— Ar NH2 其中, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基,
Figure imgf000006_0001
■^τ中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Ri、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 或 R8 '取代基为 H、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基。
<2>、如 <1>所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述聚酰亚胺包括具有如下通式 的重复单元:
Figure imgf000006_0002
式 I,
Figure imgf000007_0001
式 II, 其中,
Ar为芳香基,
Ri、 R2、 R3、 、 R_5、 R_6、 R7、 Ri、 R2 R3'、 '、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8 取代基为11、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基,
n为 2-20的整数。
<3>、 如 <1>所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 R4、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代基为含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃 基、 含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基或含 1-10个碳原子的卤代烃基; 所述 Ar 为苯基、 联苯基或二苯醚基。
<4>、 如 <3>所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正丙 基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或叔丁基。
<5>、 如 <3>所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄基或三苯基碳基。
<6>、如 <3>所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述卤代烃基为二氟曱基或三氟 曱基。
<7>、 一种液晶显示装置, 其中, 该液晶显示装置包含 <1>所述的液晶取 向膜。
<8>、 一种液晶取向膜的制备方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
1 )在氮气保护下, 将式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺在溶 剂中混合搅拌得到聚酰亚胺酸;
H2N—— Ar—— NH2 式 1
Figure imgf000008_0001
■^r中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Rl、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 或 R8 '取代基为 H、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或卤代烃基, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基;
2 )将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板上, 进行加热得到聚酰亚胺液晶取向 膜。
<9>、如 <8>所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述步骤 1 )中混合搅拌的时间为, 例如 24h,所述步骤 2 )中,将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板后,先在约 80-100 °C 下加热, 例如 lh, 然后在约 210-240 °C下加热, 例如 lh。
<10>、 如 <8>所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述溶剂为 N-曱基吡咯烷酮、 γ -丁内酯或乙二醇单丁醚。
<11>、 如 <9>所述的制备方法, 其中, R 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 R4、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代基为含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃基、 含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基或含 1-10个碳原子的卤代烃基;所述 Ar为苯基、 联苯基或二苯醚基。
<12>、 如<11>所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正丙 基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或叔丁基; 所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄 基或三苯基碳基; 所述卤代烃基为二氟曱基或三氟曱基。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案, 下面将对本文的附图作简 单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例, 而非对本发明的限制。
图 1为现有技术中在 TFT基板涂布取向膜的示意图;
图 2为现有技术中均苯四酸二酐与对苯二胺在溶剂中反应生成聚酰亚胺 的反应示意图;
图 3为液晶分子在取向膜表面定向排列的示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例釆用联萘四酸二酐与芳香二胺反应生成的聚酰亚胺 的主链结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例釆用添加取代基的联萘四酸二酐或联蒽四酸二酐与 芳香二胺反应生成的聚酰亚胺的主链结构示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例釆用四曱基联萘作为前体制备聚酰亚胺取向膜的反 应示意图。
附图标记说明
1 基板
2 取向膜
3 摩擦辊
4 聚酰亚胺主链
5液晶分子
6 联萘四酸二酐
7 芳香二胺
8 聚酰亚胺
9 取代基 具体实施方式 本发明的液晶取向膜由聚酰亚胺构成, 所述聚酰亚胺由式 2或式 3所示 的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺反应得到,
H2N—— Ar—— NH2 式 1 其中, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基, 具体可为苯基(式 la )、 联苯基(式 lb ) 或二苯酸基(式 lc )等。
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
■^r中 R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Ri、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 或 R8取代基可为 H、烷烃基(优选含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃基)、芳香烃基(优 选含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基)或 1¾代烃基(优选含 1-10个碳原子的卤代 烃基)等。
具体地, 本文提供的聚酰亚胺具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000010_0002
式 1,
Figure imgf000010_0003
式 II, 其中,
Ar为芳香基,
R 、 R2、 R3、 R4 ' R5、 、 R7、 R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5 R6'、 R7'或 R8 取代基为11、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基, n为 2-20的整数, 优选 3-15的整数, 更优选 3-10的整数, 最优选 5-8 的整数。
在上述聚酰亚胺中, 所述烷烃基具体可为曱基、 乙基、正丙基、异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或叔丁基等; 所述芳香烃基可为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄基或三苯 基碳基等; 所述卤代烃基优选二氟曱基或三氟曱基, 当然也可为其他的卤代 烃基, 如二氯曱基或三氯曱基等, 此处不作限制。 式 2中 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7可为相同或不同的取代基, 特别地, 当 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6及 R7均为 H原子时, 式 2即为联萘四酸二酐, 即本发明中式 2所示化合 物为联萘四酸二酐及其取代物; 同理, 式 3中 R 、 R2、 R3'、 '、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'及 R8可为相同或不同的取代基, 特别地, 当 R 、 R2、 R3'、 R4、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'及 R8均为 H原子时, 式 3即为联蒽四酸二酐, 即本发明中式 3所示化合 物为联蒽四酸二酐及其取代物。
本发明釆用的式 2或式 3所示化合物(即联萘四酸二酐、 联蒽四酸二酐 及其取代物)的分子结构本身呈非共平面 X状, 如图 4所示(这里仅以联萘 四酸二酐为例作说明 ), X状的联萘四酸二酐 6与芳香二胺 7发生聚合反应 后, 生成的聚酰亚胺 8的主链呈扭曲的 W状, 具有规整的立体构型, 聚酰 亚胺 8主链上的空穴位置十分有利于表面液晶分子的均一定向排列, 另, 聚 酰亚胺主链上高含量的芳香基团有利于加强对液晶分子的定向作用,且聚酰 亚胺主链为扭曲的 W状,可以减轻链与链之间的 π-π相互吸引作用, 防止聚 酰亚胺取向膜表层液晶分子在主链的不同区域因扭转角不同而造成液晶显 示器对比度的降低。
另夕卜, 本发明还可以通过控制联萘四酸二酐及联蒽四酸二酐上的取代基 来调控液晶分子的排布方向。 如图 5所示, 可在聚酰亚胺 8上添加大体积取 代基 9 , 如曱苯基(式 2a ), 叔丁基(式 2b ), 三苯基碳基(式 2c )等, 由 于这些取代基的立体效应,使得聚酰亚胺 8表面的液晶分子 5只能向一侧吸 附, 从而提高了液晶分子排布的均一性; 另外也可根据实际情况选择适当体 积的取代基, 得到不同的预倾角, 从而实现液晶分子排布方向的调控, 以满 足不同预倾角及显示模式的要求。
Figure imgf000012_0001
式 2a 式 2b 式 2c 本文用于形成液晶取向膜的聚酰亚胺的 (重均) 分子量例如为
1,000-10,000, 优选 2,000-8,000 , 更优选 3,000-5,000。
本发明进一步提供一种上述液晶取向膜的制备方法, 包括如下步骤: 1 )在氮气保护下, 将式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺在溶 剂中混合搅拌以进行反应, 例如 24小时, 得到聚酰亚胺酸;
Figure imgf000012_0002
2 )将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板上, 先在约 80-100 °C下加热, 例如 lh, 蒸发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸, 然后在约 210-240 °C下加热, 例如 lh, 得到本发明的聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜。
步骤 1 )和 2 ) 中的反应或加热时间取决于具体的温度、 原料量等可进 行调整。
其中, 步骤 1 ) 中式 2或式 3所示的化合物可与上述液晶取向膜中式 2 或式 3所示的化合物相同, 此处不再赘述。 步骤 1 )中的溶剂可为 N-曱基吡 咯烷酮、 Y -丁内酯或乙二醇单丁醚等。
本发明中式 2或式 3所示的化合物可釆用现有常规方法制备。如图 6所 示, 以联萘四酸二酐为例, 釆用四曱基联萘作为前体制备联萘四酸二酐, 首 先四曱基联萘经 V205催化氧化生成联萘四酸二酐, 然后将联萘四酸二酐与 芳香二胺反应生成聚酰胺酸, 再将聚酰胺酸加热即可得到聚酰亚胺取向膜。
本发明提供的聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜, 改变取向膜中聚酰亚胺的主链构 型, 减小聚酰亚胺主链之间的 π-π相互作用, 使取向膜结构更加规整, 更有 利于液晶分子的定向均一排布, 从而提高显示器的对比度。 具体地, 本发明 聚酰亚胺的分子结构本身呈非共平面 X状, 如下所示
Figure imgf000013_0001
式 III 由式 1和式 2或 3反应生成的聚酰亚胺的主链呈具有二面角的扭曲的 W 状, 具有规整的立体构型, 该聚酰亚胺主链上的空穴位置十分有利于表面液 晶分子的均一定向排列, 另, 聚酰亚胺主链上高含量的芳香基团有利于加强 对液晶分子的定向作用, 且聚酰亚胺主链为扭曲的 W状, 可以减轻链与链 之间的 π-π相互吸引作用, 防止聚酰亚胺取向膜表层液晶分子在主链的不同 区域因扭转角不同而造成液晶显示器对比度的降低。
本发明进一步提供了包含上述液晶取向膜的液晶显示装置。 以下为本发明液晶取向膜的具体实施例。
一、 液晶取向膜的制备
实施例 1
1) 将 15.5g的二酐前体 Α在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 9g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明的取向膜 1。
经计算, 例如使用 Gaussain03程序, 使用 B3LYP/3-21G方法, 实施例 1 得到的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 42.Γ 实施例 2
1) 将 15.5g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下,将生成的二酐 B和 9.5g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 2。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 2中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 42.4。 。 实施例 3
1) 将 18g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 5g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 3。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 3中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 39.6。 。 实施例 4
1) 将 18g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 5g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 4。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 4中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 40.8。 。 实施例 1) 将 17g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 9g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 5。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 5中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 43.1。 。 实施例 6
1) 将 17g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下,将生成的二酐 B和 9g二胺 C6在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 6。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 6中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 43.8。 。 实施例 7
1) 将 17g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 9g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均勾涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸发部 分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240 °C加热约 lh, 生成聚酰亚 胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 7。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实施例 7中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 48.1。 。 实施例 7由于联萘邻位存在曱烷取 代基的位阻作用, 二面角增大。 实施例 8
1) 将 18.5g的二酐前体 A在催化剂 V205作用下氧化生成二酐 B。
2 )在氮气保护下, 将生成的二酐 B和 9g二胺 C在 200ml干燥的 NMP 溶液里混合搅拌 24h得到聚酰亚胺酸 D。
3 )将聚酰亚胺酸 D均匀涂覆到基板上, 首先在 80-100 °C加热约 lh, 蒸 发部分溶剂, 环化部分聚酰亚胺酸 D, 然后在 210-240°C加热约 lh, 生成聚 酰亚胺 E, 从而得到本发明实施例的取向膜 8。 按照如实施例 1的方法, 实 施例 8中所得的聚酰亚胺的二面角为 42.6。 。
本文中, 测定了实施例 1-8所得的聚酰亚胺酸的特征红外数据:
IR ( KBr ): 1660cm"1 , 3260-3270cm , 1720cm"1
然后将上述得到的聚酰亚胺酸液体涂覆在基板表面。 首先将上述涂布有 聚酰胺酸液体的基板在 100 °C下加热约 2min,使其进行预固化,然后在 230 °C 下加热约 lh, 使其进行主固化, 得到聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜。 在红外光语中几 乎观察不到酰胺基中羰基的伸缩振动 ( 1660cm-1 )和芳香羧酸中羧基的叛基 的振动 ( 1720cm-1 ), 1730cm"1的二胺羰基吸收峰说明了聚酰胺酸的酰胺基和 羧基发生了环化反应, 生成聚酰亚胺。
上述实施例中各组分的分子结构式参照表 1-表 2。
表 1: 实施例 1-8中组分 A、 B和 C的分子结构式
NH2
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001
表 2: 实施例 1-8中组分 D和 E的分子结构式
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
二、 比较例
分别将上述实施例 1-8中的取向膜 1-8与现有的取向膜(釆用日本 Nissan SE-7951 聚酰亚胺预聚前体制作, 以下简称取向膜 SE-7951 )应用于液晶显 示器中, 即釆用相同的工艺分别利用取向膜 1-8与取向膜 SE-7951制作液晶 显示器, 以进行对比度测试。
三、 对比度测试
釆用 BM5A光学测量系统(Nieo公司), 分别测试上述比较例中利用取 向膜 1-8与取向膜 SE-7951制作的液晶显示器的对比度。 表 3: 实施例 1 -8取向膜测试
Figure imgf000021_0001
由表 3看出, 釆用本发明实施例的液晶取向膜制作的液晶显示器的对比 度为 954-1103 , 高于釆用现有取向膜 SE-7951制作的液晶显示器的对比度。 因此,本发明釆用本身结构呈非共平面 X状的联萘四酸二酐、联蒽四酸二酐 及其取代物与芳香二胺反应制备的主链呈 W状的聚酰亚胺取向膜有利于减 小聚酰亚胺主链之间的 π-π相互吸引作用, 加强对液晶分子的定向作用, 从 而有利于液晶分子在聚酰亚胺表面定向均一排布,提高了液晶显示器的对比 度。
本发明实施例的提供的液晶取向膜及其制备方法主要有以下优点: 一、 本发明实施例的液晶取向膜釆用本身结构呈非共平面、 X 状的联萘四酸二 酐、 联蒽四酸二酐及其取代物与芳香二胺反应制备聚酰亚胺取向膜, 使聚合 生成的聚酰亚胺主链呈 W状, 具有规整的立体构型, 相比传统直链型聚酰 亚胺, 本发明实施例的液晶取向膜中的聚酰亚胺主链上高含量的芳香基团有 利于加强对液晶分子的定向作用, 且主链为扭曲的 W状, 减小了聚酰亚胺 主链之间的 π-π相互吸引作用, 加强了液晶分子与聚酰亚胺的相互作用, 使 液晶分子在聚酰亚胺表面定向均一排布, 从而提高了液晶显示器的对比度; 二、本发明实施例的进一步在联萘四酸二酐及联蒽四酸二酐等分子上添加不 同的取代基,使得接近聚酰亚胺的液晶分子由于取代基的立体效应只能向一 侧吸附, 从而提高了液晶分子排布的均一性, 且可通过选取不同体积的取代 基得到不同的预倾角, 从而实现液晶分子排布方向的调控, 以满足不同预倾 角及显示模式的要求。
显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。 基于所描述的本发明的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前 提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims

1、 一种液晶取向膜, 所述取向膜由聚酰亚胺构成, 其中, 所述聚酰亚胺由 式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺反应得到,
H2N—— Ar—— NH2 式 1
其中, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基,
Figure imgf000023_0001
■^τ中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Ri、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7 R8取代基为11、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述聚酰亚胺包括具有如下式 的重复单元:
Figure imgf000023_0002
Figure imgf000024_0001
式 II, 其中,
Ar为芳香基,
R R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R R2、 R3'、 '、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代 基为 H、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或面代烃基,
n为 2-20的整数。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 R4、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代基为含 1-10个碳原子的烷烃 基、 含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基或含 1-10个碳原子的卤代烃基; 所述 Ar为苯 基、 联苯基或二苯醚基。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正 丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或叔丁基。
5、如权利要求 3所述的液晶取向膜,其中,所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄基或三苯基碳基。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的液晶取向膜, 其中, 所述卤代烃基为二氟曱基或三 氟曱基。
7、 一种液晶显示装置, 其中, 该液晶显示装置包含权利要求 1所述的液晶 取向膜。
8、 一种液晶取向膜的制备方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
1 )在氮气保护下,将式 2或式 3所示的化合物与式 1的芳香二胺在溶剂中 混合搅拌反应得到聚酰亚胺酸;
H2N—— Ar—— NH2 式 1
Figure imgf000025_0001
■^r中 , R]、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7、 Ri、 R2、 R3、 R4、 R5、 R6、 R7
R8取代基为11、 烷烃基、 芳香烃基或卤代烃基, 式 1中的 Ar为芳香基;
2 )将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板上, 进行加热得到聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述步骤 1 ) 中混合搅拌的时间 为约 24h, 所述步骤 2 )中, 将聚酰亚胺酸均勾涂覆到基板后, 先在约 80-100°C 下加热, 然后在约 210-240°C下加热。
10、 如权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述溶剂为 N-曱基吡咯烷酮、 γ -丁内酯或乙二醇单丁醚。
11、 如权利要求 9所述的制备方法, 其中, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5、 R6、 R7、 R 、 R2、 R3'、 R4、 R5'、 R6'、 R7'或 R8取代基为含 1-10 个碳原子的烷烃基、 含 6-20个碳原子的芳香烃基或含 1-10个碳原子的卤代烃基; 所述 Ar为苯基、 联 苯基或二苯醚基。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的制备方法, 其中, 所述烷烃基为曱基、 乙基、 正 丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基或叔丁基; 所述芳香烃基为苯基、 曱苯基、 苄 基或三苯基碳基; 所述卤代烃基为二氟曱基或三氟曱基。
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CN101397287A (zh) * 2008-10-21 2009-04-01 吉林大学 4,4’,5,5’-联萘四甲酸二酐的制备方法

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