WO2012176726A1 - 循環流動層式ガス化炉および流動媒体の流量制御方法 - Google Patents
循環流動層式ガス化炉および流動媒体の流量制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176726A1 WO2012176726A1 PCT/JP2012/065486 JP2012065486W WO2012176726A1 WO 2012176726 A1 WO2012176726 A1 WO 2012176726A1 JP 2012065486 W JP2012065486 W JP 2012065486W WO 2012176726 A1 WO2012176726 A1 WO 2012176726A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
- F23C10/30—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
- F23C10/30—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed
- F23C10/32—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed by controlling the rate of recirculation of particles separated from the flue gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0993—Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1853—Steam reforming, i.e. injection of steam only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
- F23C2206/102—Control of recirculation rate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace that circulates a fluidized medium to gasify a gasification raw material, and a fluidized medium flow rate control method in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.
- the gasification furnace main body is designed to have such a size that a residence time during which the organic solid material sufficiently reacts is ensured.
- gasification efficiency carbon conversion rate
- the circulating amount of the fluid medium can be simply adjusted by taking out or adding the fluid medium from the gasification furnace main body.
- a technique is disclosed in which a flow rate control device adjusts the derived amount of a fluid medium derived from a gasification furnace main body (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a technique for adjusting the bed height of the fluidized bed by controlling the pressure in the chamber containing the fluidized bed to control the circulating amount of the fluidized medium is also known (for example, Patent Document 2). ).
- Patent Document 1 since the flow path of the fluid medium is restricted at the outlet portion of the flow control device, there is a possibility that the fluid medium accompanied with water vapor is blocked. Further, the technology of Patent Document 2 has a large configuration, which not only increases the manufacturing cost and operation cost, but also cannot increase the adjustment range of the circulating amount of the fluid medium for the cost. Moreover, when the inside of a gasification furnace is a positive pressure, gasification gas may leak outside.
- the present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed type gasification furnace and a fluidization method capable of realizing high-accuracy flow rate control with a simple configuration while ensuring the safety of the gasification furnace main body. It aims at providing the flow control method of a medium.
- a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace fluidizes a fluidized medium and gasifies the gasified raw material charged with the heat of the fluidized medium to produce a gasified gas.
- a gasification furnace that generates a gas a combustion furnace that heats a fluid medium derived from the gasification furnace, a buffer unit that stores the fluid medium and leads it to the combustion furnace, and a gasification medium that is heated in the combustion furnace and a flow rate adjusting unit that distributes to the furnace and the buffer unit.
- the buffer part may be provided with an extraction hole for taking out the stored fluid medium. Further, the buffer portion may be provided with an introduction hole for introducing a fluid medium from the outside.
- At least a connecting portion between the buffer unit and the flow rate adjusting unit may be provided with a seal unit that prevents a backflow of gas from the buffer unit to the flow rate adjusting unit.
- the present invention is derived from a gasification furnace that gasifies a fluidized medium and gasifies the gasified raw material that is input with heat of the fluidized medium to generate gasified gas, and the gasification furnace.
- a combustion furnace that heats the fluidized medium, a buffer unit that stores the fluid medium and leads it to the combustion furnace, a flow rate measuring unit that measures the flow rate of the heated fluidized medium, and a gasified fluid medium heated in the combustion furnace
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling the flow rate of a fluidized medium in a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace including a flow rate adjusting unit that distributes a furnace and a buffer unit.
- the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace is determined according to the target generation amount of the gasification gas, and the fluidized medium heated in the combustion furnace The flow rate of the fluidized medium is measured, and the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace is subtracted from the flow rate of the heated fluidized medium to derive a differential flow rate.
- the flow medium having the differential flow rate is distributed to the buffer unit, and if the differential flow rate is a negative double, the flow medium having the differential flow rate is led to the combustion furnace.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a specific configuration of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 100.
- a circulating fluidized bed type gasification furnace 100 that flows sand in the horizontal direction will be described as an example.
- a circulating moving bed type gas that forms a moving bed by sand flowing down vertically under its own weight.
- a furnace can also be used.
- a fluid medium composed of sand such as dredged sand (silica sand) having a particle size of about 300 ⁇ m is circulated as a heat medium.
- the fluid medium is first heated to about 1000 ° C. in the combustion furnace 102 and introduced into the medium separator 104 together with the combustion exhaust gas.
- the medium separator 104 the high-temperature fluid medium and the combustion exhaust gas are separated, and the separated high-temperature fluid medium is supplied to the gasifier 110 and the buffer unit 112 through the flow rate adjusting unit 106 and the seal city 108 (108a, 108b).
- the combustion exhaust gas separated by the medium separator 104 is heat recovered by a boiler (not shown) or the like.
- the fluid medium introduced into the gasification furnace 110 is fluidized by the gasifying agent (here, steam) introduced from the steam storage unit 114 and returned to the combustion furnace 102. Further, the fluid medium introduced into the buffer unit 112 flows by the fluidizing gas (here, nitrogen) introduced from the nitrogen storage unit 116 and is returned to the combustion furnace 102 like the gasification furnace 110.
- the gasifying agent here, steam
- the fluid medium introduced into the buffer unit 112 flows by the fluidizing gas (here, nitrogen) introduced from the nitrogen storage unit 116 and is returned to the combustion furnace 102 like the gasification furnace 110.
- a water vapor storage unit 114 is provided below the gasification furnace 110, and water vapor supplied from a water vapor supply source (not shown) is temporarily stored in the water vapor storage unit 114.
- the stored water vapor is introduced into the gasification furnace 110 from the bottom surface of the gasification furnace 110.
- a fluidized bed is formed in the gasification furnace 110 by introducing water vapor into the high-temperature fluid medium introduced from the flow rate adjusting unit 106.
- the gasification furnace 110 is also provided with a gasification raw material input unit for supplying a gasification raw material including an organic solid raw material such as coal such as lignite, petroleum coke soot, biomass and tire chips into the fluidized bed. 110a is provided.
- the gasification raw material input from the gasification raw material input unit 110a is gasified by heat of about 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. included in the fluidized medium fluidized by steam, thereby generating gasified gas. If the gasification raw material is coal, gasification gas mainly containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane is generated.
- the gasified gas generated in this way is derived from a gasified gas deriving unit 110b provided in the gasification furnace 110, and then recovered by a recovery device (not shown). Further, the gasification furnace 110 communicates with the combustion furnace 102 via a seal portion 108d.
- the seal portion 108d is connected to a side wall that faces the side wall to which the flow rate adjusting unit 106 is connected. Therefore, the fluid medium introduced from the flow rate adjusting unit 106 flows toward the seal unit 108d in the gasification furnace 110, and then is led out to the combustion furnace 102 through the seal unit 108d.
- the gasification efficiency (carbon conversion rate) is determined by the residence time of the gasification raw material in the gasification furnace 110. Therefore, in order to adjust the gasification efficiency, it is effective to adjust the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace 110. For example, when the flow rate of the fluidized medium is increased, the flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased and the gasification efficiency is lowered. On the other hand, when the flow rate of the fluidized medium is reduced, the flow rate of the fluidized bed is reduced and the gasification efficiency is increased. However, the bed height is maintained by adjusting the amount of water vapor according to the flow rate.
- the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace 110 is provided by providing the flow rate adjusting unit 106 and the buffer unit 112 and bypassing the fluidizing medium circulating in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 100 to the gasification furnace 110. , (Inventory amount) is adjusted.
- the flow rate adjusting unit 106 distributes the fluidized medium heated in the combustion furnace 102 and further separated by the medium separator 104 to the gasification furnace 110 and the buffer part 112 (for example, 80% for the gasification furnace 110 and 20% for the buffer part). %), Respectively. However, the fluid medium can be distributed to only one side. Specifically, the flow rate adjusting unit 106 determines the flow rate of the fluid medium in the gasification furnace 110 according to the target generation amount of the gasification gas, and determines the flow rate of the fluid medium separated in the medium separator 104 as the flow rate measurement unit 118. Alternatively, it is measured based on the pressure distribution in the combustion furnace 102, and the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace 110 determined from the flow rate of the fluidized medium separated in the medium separator 104 is derived.
- the flow rate adjusting unit 106 adjusts the flow rate if the differential flow rate is a positive value, that is, if the flow rate of the fluid medium separated in the medium separator 104 is higher than the desired flow rate of the fluid medium in the gasifier 110.
- the flow medium having the differential flow rate is distributed from the unit 106 to the buffer unit 112 (the differential flow rate is led to the buffer unit 112 and the rest is led to the gasifier 110), and the derivation of the fluid medium from the buffer unit 112 to the combustion furnace 102 is stopped. Maintain the state to do.
- the differential flow rate is a negative value, that is, if the flow rate of the fluid medium separated in the medium separator 104 is less than the desired flow rate of the fluid medium in the gasification furnace 110, the flow rate adjustment unit 106 The entire amount of the fluid medium separated in the separator 104 is guided to the gasification furnace 110 (the distribution of the fluid medium to the buffer part 112 is stopped), and the differential flow rate from the buffer part 112 to the combustion furnace 102 via the seal part 108c. Deriving the fluid housing.
- the flow rate adjusting unit 106 guides the entire amount of the fluid medium separated in the medium separator 104 to the gasification furnace 110 and from the buffer unit 112 to the combustion furnace. The state where the derivation of the fluid medium to 102 is stopped is maintained. Such distribution of the fluid medium to the buffer unit 112 and derivation from the buffer unit 112 may be executed exclusively or in parallel.
- the flow rate (combustion furnace 102 and medium separator 104) and the total amount of the fluidized medium in the circulating fluidized bed gasifier 100 as a whole have not changed, but the gasifier 110 maintains the total amount of the fluidized medium.
- the flow rate of the introduced fluid medium varies.
- Such a configuration is possible by the buffer unit 112 securing the change in the flow rate in the gasification furnace 110. That is, the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the entire circulating fluidized bed gasifier 100 is apportioned between the gasifier 110 and the buffer unit 112.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the buffer unit 112.
- a nitrogen storage unit 116 is provided below the buffer unit 112, and nitrogen supplied from a nitrogen supply source (not shown) is temporarily stored in the nitrogen storage unit 116 and stored in the nitrogen storage unit 116.
- the nitrogen thus introduced is introduced into the buffer unit 112 from the bottom surface of the buffer unit 112.
- nitrogen is used as the fluidizing gas for fluidizing the fluid medium, but air, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or the like can also be used.
- the buffer unit 112 temporarily stores the fluid medium distributed by the flow rate adjusting unit 106, and guides the stored fluid medium to the combustion furnace 102 according to a control command from the flow rate adjusting unit 106.
- the differential flow rate if the differential flow rate is a positive value, the differential flow rate can be absorbed by the buffer unit 112, and if the differential flow rate is a negative value, the stored fluid medium is removed from the combustion furnace 102. And a fluid medium can be added to the system of the media separator 104.
- the buffer part 112 is provided with an extraction hole 112a for taking out the stored fluid medium. Since the fluid medium includes residues such as ash that have not reacted in the gasification furnace 110 and the combustion furnace 102 among the gasification raw materials, it is necessary to periodically take out the fluid medium. In the present embodiment, the fluid medium containing such a residue is indirectly extracted from the buffer unit 112 for the purpose of adjusting the flow rate of the fluid medium, not directly from the gasification furnace 110 that generates the gasification gas. As a result, the burden on the gasification furnace 110 and the combustion furnace 102 can be reduced. In addition, since the gasification process is not affected, the fluid medium can be taken out while the gasification gas is being generated.
- the buffer portion 112 is provided with an introduction hole 112b for introducing a new fluid medium from the outside. Accordingly, by introducing the fluid medium indirectly into the buffer 112 for the purpose of adjusting the flow rate of the fluid medium, not directly into the gasifier 110 or the combustion furnace 102, the gasifier is similar to the action by the extraction hole 112a. The burden on 110 and the combustion furnace 102 can be reduced.
- Such a flow rate adjusting unit 106 can adjust the flow rate of the flowing medium in the gasification furnace 110 to a desired flow rate regardless of the flow rate of the flowing medium in the combustion furnace 102 and the medium separator 104, and stably It becomes possible to generate the chemical gas.
- the seal portion 108a is formed of a J-valve type tube in which the tube is formed in a J shape.
- the vertical uppermost surface of the part 120 of the flow path is lower than the vertical lowermost surface of the other part 122 of the flow path, so that the fluid medium flows into the recess 124 including the part 120.
- the space is divided by the flowing medium, it is possible to avoid the gas in the buffer unit 112 from flowing back to the flow rate adjusting unit 106. By doing so, it is not necessary to adjust the pressure in the buffer unit 112, and it is possible to prevent the fluidization gas from leaking due to the positive pressure.
- Such a seal part 108 is provided between the flow rate adjusting part 106 and the gasification furnace 110 (seal part 108b), between the buffer part 112 and the combustion furnace 102 (seal part 108c), and between the gasification furnace 110 and the combustion furnace 102. (Sealed portion 108d). As a result, the backflow of gas from the subsequent furnace can also be prevented in these parts as well as the seal portion 108a.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of processing of the flow rate control method.
- the flow rate of the fluidized medium in the gasification furnace 110 is determined according to the target generation amount of the gasification gas (S200), and the flow rate measurement unit 118 is the latter stage of the medium separator 104.
- the flow rate of the fluid medium heated in the combustion furnace 102 is measured (S202).
- the difference flow rate is a positive value (S210). If the difference flow rate is a positive value (YES in S210), The flow rate adjusting unit 106 distributes the flow medium having the differential flow rate from the flow rate adjusting unit 106 to the buffer unit 112 and maintains the state in which the derivation of the flow medium from the buffer unit 112 to the combustion furnace 102 is stopped (S212). Is negative (NO in S210), the flow rate adjusting unit 106 guides the entire amount of the fluid medium separated in the medium separator 104 to the gasifier 110, and the buffer unit 112 causes the flow of the differential flow rate to flow. The medium is led out to the combustion furnace 102 (S214).
- the configuration in which the buffer unit 112 for storing the fluid medium is provided in order to ensure the change in the fluid medium flow rate in the gasification furnace 110 is not limited to such a case.
- a pipe connected from the adjustment unit 106 to the combustion furnace 102 may be provided, and the fluid medium may be stored with the residence time of the fluid medium in the pipe.
- the present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace that circulates a fluidized medium to gasify a gasification raw material, and a fluidized medium flow rate control method in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to implement
Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年6月22日に日本に出願された特願2011-138496号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
図1は、循環流動層式ガス化炉100の具体的な構成を説明するための図である。
ここでは、砂を水平方向に流動させる循環流動層式ガス化炉100を例に挙げて説明するが、砂が自重で鉛直下方向に流下することで移動層を形成する循環移動層方式のガス化炉を用いることもできる。
ガス化炉110の下方には水蒸気貯留部114が設けられており、水蒸気供給源(図示せず)から供給された水蒸気が、水蒸気貯留部114に一時的に貯留され、この水蒸気貯留部114に貯留された水蒸気が、ガス化炉110の底面からガス化炉110内に導入されている。 このように、流量調整部106から導入された高温の流動媒体に水蒸気を導入することにより、ガス化炉110内において流動層が形成される。
流量調整部106は、燃焼炉102で加熱され、さらに媒体分離器104によって分離された流動媒体をガス化炉110とバッファ部112とに振り分け(例えばガス化炉110に80%、バッファ部に20%)、それぞれに導出する。ただし、流動媒体を一方にのみ振り分けることもできる。具体的に、流量調整部106は、ガス化ガスの目的生成量に応じてガス化炉110における流動媒体の流量を決定し、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の流量を流量測定部118あるいは燃焼炉102の圧力分布に基づき測定させ、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の流量から、決定されたガス化炉110における流動媒体の流量を減算して差分流量を導出する。
一方、差分流量が負の値であれば、すなわち、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の流量がガス化炉110における流動媒体の所望する流量に満たない場合、流量調整部106は、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の全量をガス化炉110に導く(バッファ部112への流動媒体の振り分けを停止する)と共に、バッファ部112から燃焼炉102にシール部108cを介して差分流量の流動妓体を導出する。
また、差分流量が0または0とみなせる許容範囲であった場合、流量調整部106は、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の全量をガス化炉110に導くと共に、バッファ部112から燃焼炉102への流動媒体の導出を停止する状態を維持する。
このような、流動媒体に関する、バッファ部112への振り分けとバッファ部112からの導出は排他的に実行してもよいし、並行して実行してもよい。
図2は、バッファ部112の構成を示した図である。バッファ部112の下方には窒素貯留部116が設けられており、窒素供給源(図示せず)から供給された窒素が、窒素貯留部116に一時的に貯留され、この窒素貯留部116に貯留された窒素が、バッファ部112の底面からバッファ部112内に導入される。本実施形態では、流動媒体を流動化する流動化ガスとして窒素を用いているが、空気、酸素、水蒸気、二酸化炭素等を用いることもできる。このように、流量調整部106から導入された高温の流動媒体に窒素を導入することにより、バッファ部112内においても、ガス化炉110同様、流動層が形成される。バッファ部112は、流量調整部106によって振り分けられた流動媒体を一時的に貯留し、また、流量調整部106の制御指令に応じて貯留した流動媒体を燃焼炉102に導出する。
しかし、単に、流量調整部106によってバッファ部112における流動媒体の流量を適切に制御すると、バッファ部112に振り分けられた流動媒体の流量が少ない場合に、バッファ部112の流入口112cの鉛直位置より流動層上面が低くなり、バッファ部112内の窒素等の気体が逆流する可能性が生じる。そこで、本実施形態では、図2に示すように、流量調整部106とバッファ部112との間の配管にシール部108aを設けている。
続いて、上述した循環流動層式ガス化炉100を利用して流動媒体の流量を制御する流量制御方法を説明する。
差分分量が0とみなせる範囲でなかった場合(S206におけるNO)、その差分流量が正の値であるか否か判定され(S210)、差分流量が正の値であれば(S210におけるYES)、流量調整部106が、流量調整部106からバッファ部112に差分流量の流動媒体を振り分けると共に、バッファ部112から燃焼炉102への流動媒体の導出を停止する状態を維持し(S212)、差分流量が負の値であれば(S210にけるNO)、流量調整部106は、媒体分離器104において分離された流動媒体の全量をガス化炉110に導くと共に、バッファ部112が、差分流量の流動媒体を燃焼炉102に導出する(S214)。
Claims (6)
- 流動媒体を流動層化すると共に、投入されたガス化原料を流動媒体が有する熱でガス化させてガス化ガスを生成するガス化炉と、
前記ガス化炉から導出された流動媒体を加熱する燃焼炉と、
流動媒体を貯留し、前記燃焼炉に導出するバッファ部と、
前記燃焼炉で加熱された流動媒体を前記ガス化炉と前記バッファ部とに振り分ける流量調整部と、
を備える循環流動層式ガス化炉。 - 前記バッファ都に、貯留している流動媒体を外部に取り出す取出孔が設けられている請求項1に記載の循環流動層式ガス化炉。
- 前記バッファ部に、外部から流動媒体を導入する導入孔が設けられている請求項1に記載の循環流動層式ガス化炉。
- 前記バッファ部に、外部から流動媒体を導入する導入孔が設けられている請求項2に記載の循環流動層式ガス化炉。
- 少なくとも前記バッファ部と前記流量調整部との接続部に、前記バッファ部から前記流量調整部への気体の逆流を防止するシール部が設けられている請求項1に記載の循環流動層式ガス化炉。
- 流動媒体を流動層化すると共に、投入されたガス化原料を流動媒体が有する熱でガス化させてガス化ガスを生成するガス化炉と、ガス化炉から導出された流動媒体を加熱する燃焼炉と、流動媒体を貯留し、燃焼炉に導出するバッファ部と、加熱された流動媒体の流量を測定する流量測定部と、燃焼炉で加熱された流動媒体をガス化炉とバッファ部とに振り分ける流量調整部とを備える循環流動層式ガス化炉において、流動媒体の流量を制御する流量制御方法であって、
前記ガス化ガスの目的生成量に応じて前記ガス化炉における流動媒体の流量を決定し、
前記燃焼炉で加熱された流動媒体の流量を測定し、
前記加熱された流動媒体の流量から、決定された前記ガス化炉における流動媒体の流量を減算して差分流量を導出し、
前記差分流量が正の値であれば、前記流量調整部から前記バッファ部に前記差分流量の流動媒体を振り分け、
前記差分流量が負の値であれば、前記差分流量の流動媒体を前記燃焼炉に導出する流量制御方法。
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AU2012274502A AU2012274502B2 (en) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-06-18 | Circulating fluidized bed-type gasification furnace and fluid medium flow rate control method |
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