WO2012160875A1 - スイッチング素子 - Google Patents
スイッチング素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012160875A1 WO2012160875A1 PCT/JP2012/058859 JP2012058859W WO2012160875A1 WO 2012160875 A1 WO2012160875 A1 WO 2012160875A1 JP 2012058859 W JP2012058859 W JP 2012058859W WO 2012160875 A1 WO2012160875 A1 WO 2012160875A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 182
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004047 hole gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/201—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including two or more compounds, e.g. alloys
- H01L29/205—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including two or more compounds, e.g. alloys in different semiconductor regions, e.g. heterojunctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/417—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/41725—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66446—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
- H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7786—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
- H01L29/7787—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT with wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MODFET
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching element represented by HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) and the like.
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- nitride semiconductors which are III-V compound semiconductors typified by GaN, are expected to be applied to switching elements.
- nitride semiconductors have characteristics such as a band gap as large as about 3.4 eV, a dielectric breakdown electric field as high as 10 times, and an electron saturation rate as large as 2.5 times that of silicon.
- a switching element in which a GaN / AlGaN heterostructure is provided on a substrate such as sapphire has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- this switching element 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ due to spontaneous polarization derived from asymmetry in the C-axis direction of the crystal structure of GaN (wurtzite type) and polarization due to the piezoelectric effect derived from lattice mismatch of AlGaN and GaN.
- 2DEG two two-dimensional electron gases
- the switching element switches conduction / non-conduction between predetermined electrodes by controlling the two-dimensional electron gas.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional switching element.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the OFF state of the conventional switching element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an on state of the conventional switching element shown in FIG.
- the switching element 100 includes a substrate 101, a buffer layer 102 formed on the upper surface of the substrate 101, an electron transit layer 103 made of undoped GaN formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 102, and an electron An electron supply layer 104 made of AlGaN formed on the upper surface of the traveling layer 103, a source electrode 105 formed on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 104, a drain electrode 106 formed on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 104, and an electron supply A gate electrode 107 formed on the upper surface of the layer 104 and disposed between the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106.
- the switching element 100 is a normally-on type.
- the switching element 100 has an interface at the interface with the electron supply layer 104 of the electron transit layer 103.
- the two-dimensional electron gas 108 is generated (on state).
- the potential of the drain electrode 106 is higher than the potential of the source electrode 105 (if the potential is positive), a current flows between the drain electrode 106 and the source electrode 105.
- the switching element 100 when the potential of the gate electrode 107 is lower than the potential of the source electrode 105 (assumed to be 0V) by a predetermined value or more (a negative potential), the electron supply layer 104 is directly below the gate electrode 107.
- the two-dimensional electron gas 108 is not generated at the interface bonded to the electron transit layer 103 (off state). In this state, no current flows between the drain electrode 106 and the source electrode 105.
- a depletion region 109 is formed immediately below the gate electrode 107.
- a high potential difference for example, about several hundred volts corresponding to the power supply voltage
- a high electric field is generated on the drain electrode 106 side in the vicinity of the gate electrode 107, and electrons and holes are generated by impact ionization.
- the generated electrons 110 are trapped in a level caused by nitrogen defects on the surface (upper surface) of the electron supply layer 104.
- the electrons 110 trapped on the surface of the electron supply layer 104 have a predetermined time (for example, several seconds to several minutes). For a long time).
- the electron 110 impedes a current flowing between the drain electrode 106 and the source electrode 105 by exerting a repulsive force (Coulomb force) on the electrons in the two-dimensional electron gas 108.
- This is a phenomenon called “collapse phenomenon”, which causes a problem because the on-resistance of the switching element 100 increases due to this phenomenon, and high-speed switching becomes difficult.
- Patent Document 2 A structure for suppressing the collapse phenomenon is proposed in Patent Document 2. This structure will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional switching element.
- the switching element 200 includes a substrate 201, a buffer layer 202 formed on the upper surface of the substrate 201, an electron transit layer 203 made of undoped GaN formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 202, and an electron An electron supply layer 204 made of AlGaN formed on the upper surface of the traveling layer 203, a source electrode 205 partially formed on the upper surface of the electron traveling layer 203, and a drain partially formed on the upper surface of the electron traveling layer 203.
- a passivation layer 211 formed between the gate electrode 207 and the drain electrode 206.
- the passivation layer 211 made of nitride is provided on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 204, thereby reducing nitrogen defects on the surface (upper surface) of the electron supply layer 204.
- the gate electrode 207 has a structure (field plate structure) protruding at least on the drain electrode 206 side, so that the electric field generated on the drain electrode 206 side in the vicinity of the gate electrode 207 is relaxed, The occurrence of the above-mentioned impact ionization is suppressed.
- the passivation layer 211 is adopted, the number of nitrogen defects to be compensated is only one digit. Further, when a voltage as high as several hundred volts is applied as in a switching element for a power device, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress impact ionization only by adopting the gate electrode 207 having a field plate structure. Therefore, the switching element 200 shown in FIG. 9 is problematic because the collapse phenomenon cannot be sufficiently suppressed. Specifically, for example, when the switching element 200 shifts from the off state to the on state, the on-resistance in the time from just after the transition to several microseconds is several times that in the initial state, and sufficient improvement cannot be obtained. It becomes.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a switching element that can effectively suppress the collapse phenomenon.
- the present invention includes a first semiconductor layer, A second semiconductor layer formed on an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer and having a band gap larger than that of the first semiconductor layer and heterojunction with the first semiconductor layer; A third semiconductor layer formed on an upper surface of the second semiconductor layer and having a band gap smaller than the second semiconductor layer; A first electrode formed on at least a part of the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer; A second electrode at least partially formed on the upper surface of the first semiconductor layer; A control electrode formed on the upper surface of the second semiconductor layer and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and Depending on the potential of the control electrode, An ON state in which the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected by a two-dimensional carrier gas generated at an interface of the first semiconductor layer joined to the second semiconductor layer; An off state in which the first electrode and the second electrode are not electrically connected by the fact that no two-dimensional carrier gas is generated at the interface at least immediately below the control electrode; Is switched, Provided is a switching element in which electrons and holes re
- the third semiconductor layer is formed between at least one of the control electrode and the first electrode and between the control electrode and the second electrode. ,preferable.
- the switching element having the above characteristics is configured such that electrons and holes are radiatively recombined in the third semiconductor layer in the off state.
- each of the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the third semiconductor layer is made of a nitride semiconductor
- the two-dimensional carrier gas is a two-dimensional electron gas
- the third semiconductor layer preferably includes indium.
- the third semiconductor layer is made of In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
- the third semiconductor layer has a multiple quantum well structure in which at least two nitride semiconductor layers having different indium compositions are periodically stacked.
- the third semiconductor layer is formed by ion-implanting indium after forming a layer made of a predetermined nitride semiconductor on the upper surface of the second semiconductor layer. It is preferable.
- the switching element having the above characteristics is formed on an upper surface of the third semiconductor layer, and a fourth semiconductor layer having a band gap larger than the third semiconductor layer is provided. Further provision is preferable.
- the fourth semiconductor layer is made of Al z Ga 1-z N (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1).
- the switching element having the above characteristics is formed on an upper surface of the fourth semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer having a band gap larger than that of the fourth semiconductor layer. Further provision is preferable.
- the insulating layer is made of AlN or SiN.
- each of the control electrode, the first electrode, and the second electrode is separated from the third semiconductor layer and the fourth semiconductor layer, and the insulating layer is formed therebetween. It is preferable.
- the switching element having the above characteristics, by providing the third semiconductor layer, it is possible to suppress trapping of charges (particularly carriers) generated by impact ionization on the surface (upper surface) of the second semiconductor layer. It becomes possible. That is, the collapse phenomenon can be effectively suppressed.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the switching element which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- the energy band figure in the gate electrode vicinity when the switching element shown in FIG. 1 is an ON state.
- the energy band figure in the gate electrode vicinity when the switching element shown in FIG. 1 is an OFF state.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the switching element which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the switching element which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the conventional switching element.
- switching elements according to first to third embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- Each of the switching elements according to the first to third embodiments described below is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these.
- the switching elements according to the first to third embodiments can be implemented by combining a part or all of them as long as no contradiction arises.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a switching element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the switching element 1a includes a substrate 10, a buffer layer 11 formed on the upper surface of the substrate 10, an electron transit layer (first semiconductor layer) 12 formed on the upper surface of the buffer layer 11, An electron supply layer (second semiconductor layer) 13 formed on the upper surface of the electron transit layer 12, and a source electrode (first electrode or second electrode) 14 at least partially formed on the upper surface of the electron transit layer 12, A drain electrode (first electrode or second electrode) 15 at least partly formed on the upper surface of the electron transit layer 12, and at least partly formed on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 13 and the source electrode 14 and the drain electrode 15. Formed between the gate electrode 16 and the source electrode 14 and between the gate electrode 16 and the drain electrode 15, which is the upper surface of the electron supply layer 13.
- the switching element is a normally-on type.
- the substrate 10 is made of, for example, silicon, silicon carbide (SiC), sapphire, or the like.
- the electron transit layer 12 is made of, for example, undoped GaN having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the electron supply layer 13 is made of, for example, Al b Ga 1-b N (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1) having a thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the band gap of the electron supply layer 13 is larger than the band gap of the electron transit layer 12, and the electron transit layer 12 and the electron supply layer 13 are heterojunctioned. Thereby, the two-dimensional electron gas 20 can be generated at the interface of the electron transit layer 12 connected to the electron supply layer 13. In the switching element 1a of this embodiment, the two-dimensional electron gas 20 becomes a channel.
- Each of the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16 is made of a metal element such as Ti, Al, Cu, Au, Pt, W, Ta, Ru, Ir, and Pd, or at least two of these metal elements. It consists of an alloy or a nitride containing at least one of these metal elements.
- the source electrode 14 and the drain electrode 15 are in ohmic contact with the electron transit layer 12, and the gate electrode 16 is in a Schottky junction with the electron supply layer 13.
- each of the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16 may be formed of a single layer or may be formed of a stacked structure (composition of each layer may be different).
- each of the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16 has a field plate structure in which a part thereof extends over the passivation layer 19.
- the source electrode 14 extends to the gate electrode 15 side and the opposite side
- the drain electrode 15 extends to the gate electrode 15 side and the opposite side
- the gate electrode 16 extends to the source electrode 14 side and the drain electrode 15 side. And overhang each.
- the band gap of the recombination layer 17 is smaller than that of the electron supply layer 13.
- the passivation layer 19 is made of, for example, AlN or SiN having a thickness of 50 nm to 250 nm.
- the band gap of the passivation layer 19 is larger than the band gap of the cladding layer 18.
- oxide, oxynitride, etc. are applicable to the passivation layer 19, it is more preferable to apply nitrides, such as AlN mentioned above and SiN. This is because, when the switching element 1a is used for a power device, the electron transit layer 12 is electrochemically oxidized due to the potential difference of several hundred volts as described above (for example, Appl. Phys. ⁇ Lett. 96). , 233509, see (2010)).
- FIG. 2 is an energy band diagram in the vicinity of the gate electrode when the switching element shown in FIG. 1 is in an on state.
- FIG. 3 is an energy band diagram in the vicinity of the gate electrode when the switching element shown in FIG. 1 is in the OFF state. 2 and 3 correspond to the upper side of FIG. 1, and the right sides of FIGS. 2 and 3 correspond to the lower side of FIG. 2 and 3 show energy band diagrams in the vicinity of the gate electrode 16.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a case where the switching element 1a is turned on when the potential of the gate electrode 16 becomes equal to the potential of the source electrode 14 (0 V).
- the switching element 1a when the switching element 1a is turned on, the energy level Ec at the bottom of the conduction band at the interface immediately below the gate electrode 16 where the electron transit layer 12 is joined to the electron supply layer 13 is Fermi It becomes lower than the level Ef. Therefore, the source electrode 14 and the drain electrode 15 are electrically connected by the two-dimensional electron gas 20 generated at the interface.
- FIG. 3 shows that the switching element 1a is turned off when the potential of the gate electrode 16 is lower than the potential of the source electrode 14 (assumed to be 0V) by a predetermined value or more (a negative potential of ⁇ 10V).
- the switching element 1a when the switching element 1a is turned off, the energy level Ec at the bottom of the conduction band at the interface immediately below the gate electrode 16 where the electron transit layer 12 is joined to the electron supply layer 13 is Fermi. It becomes higher than the level Ef. Therefore, the two-dimensional electron gas 20 is not generated at least at the interface immediately below the gate electrode 16. Therefore, the source electrode 14 and the drain electrode 15 are not electrically connected.
- a high potential difference for example, about several hundred volts
- a high electric field is generated on the drain electrode 15 side in the vicinity of the gate electrode 16, and electrons 21 and holes 22 can be generated by impact ionization.
- the passivation layer 19 is provided or the gate electrode 16 or the like has a field plate structure, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the generation of electrons 21 and holes 22 due to impact ionization.
- the switching element 1a of the present embodiment by providing the recombination layer 17, charges (particularly carriers, electrons in this example) generated by impact ionization are transferred to the surface (upper surface) of the electron supply layer 13. It is possible to suppress trapping by the. Therefore, the collapse phenomenon can be effectively suppressed.
- the recombination layer 17 is preferably one that can radiatively recombine the collected electrons 21 and holes 22.
- the energy generated by the recombination becomes light or the like and is radiated to the outside. Can be prevented from deteriorating.
- a nitride containing indium has a property of collecting holes in the vicinity of the In—N bond, and can efficiently radiatively recombine electrons and holes. Therefore, by constituting the recombination layer 17 with a nitride semiconductor containing indium, it is possible to effectively suppress the deterioration of the characteristics of the switching element 1a.
- the buffer layer 11 For the buffer layer 11, the electron transit layer 12, the electron supply layer 13, the recombination layer 17, and the cladding layer 18, various methods such as MOCVD (Metal-Organic-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition) and MBE (Molecular-Beam Epitaxy) are applied. Can be formed.
- MOCVD Metal-Organic-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition
- MBE Molecular-Beam Epitaxy
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a switching element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 parts that are the same as those of the switching element 1a according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the switching element 1b according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on the parts that are different from the switching element 1a according to the first embodiment, and the similar parts will be described with respect to the switching element 1a according to the first embodiment. The description will be omitted as appropriate in consideration of the description.
- the switching element 1 b includes a substrate 10, a buffer layer 11, an electron transit layer 12, an electron supply layer 13, a source electrode 14, a drain electrode 15, a gate electrode 16, and a recombination.
- a layer 17b, a clad layer 18b, and a passivation layer 19b are provided.
- the switching element 1b of the present embodiment is the same as the switching element 1a of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- an insulating material is formed between the recombination layer 17b having a relatively small band gap and weak insulating properties, and the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16.
- a passivation layer 19b is formed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress current leakage between each of the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16 through the recombination layer 17b.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a switching element according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those of the switching element 1 a according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
- the switching element 1c according to the third embodiment will be described with a focus on the parts that are different from the switching element 1a according to the first embodiment, and the similar parts will be described with respect to the switching element 1a according to the first embodiment. The description will be omitted as appropriate in consideration of the description.
- the switching element 1 c includes a substrate 10, a buffer layer 11, an electron transit layer 12, an electron supply layer 13, a source electrode 14, a drain electrode 15, a gate electrode 16, and a recombination.
- a layer 17c, a cladding layer 18c, and a passivation layer 19c are provided.
- a structure in which the recombination layer 17c and the cladding layer 18c are separated from the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16 and a passivation layer 19c is formed therebetween. These are the same as those of the switching element 1b according to the second embodiment. For this reason, the description of the structure is omitted with reference to the description of the switching element 1b according to the second embodiment.
- the recombination layer 17c has a multiple quantum well structure.
- a barrier layer having a relatively small indium composition and a relatively wide band gap and a well layer having a relatively large indium composition and a relatively small band gap are periodically and alternately stacked. Structure.
- electrons and holes are confined two-dimensionally in the well layer, and the energy that the electrons and holes can take becomes discrete (subbands are formed), so that the electrons and holes can be efficiently collected. Hole recombination takes place.
- wavelengths of emitted light and the like are aligned.
- the recombination layer 17c has a multiple quantum well structure. Therefore, it becomes possible to efficiently recombine electrons and holes and collect electrons and holes to the recombination layer 17c more effectively. Therefore, the collapse phenomenon can be more effectively suppressed.
- the recombination layer 17c when the thickness of the well layer is 1 nm to 5 nm and the thickness of the barrier layer is 3 nm to 30 nm, the efficiency of electron and hole recombination can be effectively increased. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the switching element 1c has a structure in which the recombination layer 17c and the cladding layer 18c are in contact with the source electrode 14, the drain electrode 15, and the gate electrode 16, respectively (that is, the first structure).
- the structure of the switching element 1a may be used.
- the switching elements 1a to 1c after the nitride semiconductor forming the cladding layers 18, 18b, 18c is formed on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 13, indium is ionized into the nitride semiconductor.
- the recombination layers 17, 17b, and 17c may be formed by the implantation method. With this method, the recombination layers 17, 17b, and 17c can be easily formed.
- the recombination layers 17, 17b, and 17c are formed on the upper surface of the electron supply layer 13, the recombination layers 17, 17b, and 17c are not limited to the locations shown in FIGS. good. However, from the viewpoint of effectively suppressing the collapse phenomenon, it is preferably formed on a path through which current flows. That is, it is preferable to form the recombination layer 17 between at least one of the gate electrode 16 and the source electrode 14 and between the gate electrode 16 and the drain electrode 15 (particularly the latter).
- normally-on type switching elements 1a to 1c have been exemplified as embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is also applicable to normally-off type switching elements.
- the switching elements 1a to 1c in which the carrier (two-dimensional carrier gas) is an electron (two-dimensional electron gas) are exemplified.
- the carrier (two-dimensional carrier gas) is a hole.
- the present invention can also be applied to a switching element that is (two-dimensional hole gas, 2DHG).
- the present invention can be used for switching elements, and is particularly suitable for use in switching elements applied to power devices.
- Switching element 10 Substrate 11: Buffer layer 12: Electron transit layer 13: Electron supply layer 14: Source electrode 15: Drain electrode 16: Gate electrodes 17, 17b, 17c: Recombination layers 18, 18b, 18c: Clad layer 19, 19b, 19c: Passivation layer 20: Two-dimensional electron gas 21: Electron 22: Hole
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Abstract
Description
前記第1半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第1半導体層より大きく当該第1半導体層とヘテロ接合する第2半導体層と、
前記第2半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第2半導体層より小さい第3半導体層と、
少なくとも一部が前記第1半導体層の上面に形成される第1電極と、
少なくとも一部が前記第1半導体層の上面に形成される第2電極と、
少なくとも一部が前記第2半導体層の上面に形成され、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極の間に配置される制御電極と、を備え、
前記制御電極の電位に応じて、
前記第1半導体層の前記第2半導体層と接合する界面に生じる二次元キャリアガスにより、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間が電気的に接続されるオン状態と、
少なくとも前記制御電極の直下で、前記界面に二次元キャリアガスが生じないことにより、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間が電気的に接続されないオフ状態と、
が切り替えられ、
前記オフ状態であるとき、前記第3半導体層で電子及び正孔が再結合することを特徴とするスイッチング素子を提供する。
前記二次元キャリアガスが二次元電子ガスであり、
前記第3半導体層が、インジウムを含むと、好ましい。
さらに備えると、好ましい。
さらに備えると、好ましい。
最初に、本発明の第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例を示す断面図である。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例について、図4を参照して説明する。図4は、本発明の第2実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例を示す断面図である。なお、図4において、図1に示した第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aと同様となる部分には、同じ符号を付している。さらに、以下では、第2実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1bについて、第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aと異なる部分を中心に説明し、同様となる部分については、第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aの説明を適宜参酌するものとして説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例について、図5を参照して説明する。図5は、本発明の第3実施形態に係るスイッチング素子の構造例を示す断面図である。なお、図5において、図1に示した第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aと同様となる部分には、同じ符号を付している。さらに、以下では、第3実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1cについて、第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aと異なる部分を中心に説明し、同様となる部分については、第1実施形態に係るスイッチング素子1aの説明を適宜参酌するものとして説明を省略する。
10 : 基板
11 : バッファ層
12 : 電子走行層
13 : 電子供給層
14 : ソース電極
15 : ドレイン電極
16 : ゲート電極
17,17b,17c : 再結合層
18,18b,18c : クラッド層
19,19b,19c : パッシベーション層
20 : 二次元電子ガス
21 : 電子
22 : 正孔
Claims (12)
- 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第1半導体層より大きく当該第1半導体層とヘテロ接合する第2半導体層と、
前記第2半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第2半導体層より小さい第3半導体層と、
少なくとも一部が前記第1半導体層の上面に形成される第1電極と、
少なくとも一部が前記第1半導体層の上面に形成される第2電極と、
少なくとも一部が前記第2半導体層の上面に形成され、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極の間に配置される制御電極と、を備え、
前記制御電極の電位に応じて、
前記第1半導体層の前記第2半導体層と接合する界面に生じる二次元キャリアガスにより、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間が電気的に接続されるオン状態と、
少なくとも前記制御電極の直下で、前記界面に二次元キャリアガスが生じないことにより、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間が電気的に接続されないオフ状態と、
が切り替えられ、
前記オフ状態であるとき、前記第3半導体層で電子及び正孔が再結合することを特徴とするスイッチング素子。 - 前記第3半導体層が、前記制御電極及び前記第1電極の間と、前記制御電極及び前記第2電極の間と、の少なくともいずれか一方に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記オフ状態のとき、前記第3半導体層で、電子及び正孔が輻射再結合することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第1半導体層、前記第2半導体層及び前記第3半導体層のそれぞれが、窒化物半導体から成り、
前記二次元キャリアガスが二次元電子ガスであり、
前記第3半導体層が、インジウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子。 - 前記第3半導体層が、InxAlyGa1-x-yN(0<x≦1、0≦y≦1)から成ることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第3半導体層が、インジウムの組成が異なる少なくとも二つの窒化物半導体層を周期的に積層して成る多重量子井戸構造を備えることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第3半導体層が、前記第2半導体層の上面に所定の窒化物半導体から成る層を形成した後、インジウムをイオン注入することで形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第3半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第3半導体層より大きい第4半導体層を、
さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のスイッチング素子。 - 前記第4半導体層が、AlzGa1-zN(0≦z<1)から成ることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記第4半導体層の上面に形成され、バンドギャップが前記第4半導体層より大きい絶縁層を、
さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載のスイッチング素子。 - 前記絶縁層が、AlNまたはSiNから成ることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のスイッチング素子。
- 前記制御電極、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極のそれぞれと、前記第3半導体層及び前記第4半導体層とが離間し、その間に前記絶縁層が形成されることを特徴とする請求項10または11に記載のスイッチング素子。
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WO2014184995A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-20 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 窒化物半導体装置 |
WO2015009514A1 (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Transphorm Inc. | Iii-nitride transistor including a p-type depleting layer |
US9318593B2 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2016-04-19 | Transphorm Inc. | Forming enhancement mode III-nitride devices |
US9536967B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2017-01-03 | Transphorm Inc. | Recessed ohmic contacts in a III-N device |
US9536966B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2017-01-03 | Transphorm Inc. | Gate structures for III-N devices |
WO2016157581A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 窒化物半導体電界効果トランジスタ |
WO2017123999A1 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | Transphorm Inc. | Enhancement mode iii-nitride devices having an al(1-x)sixo gate insulator |
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