WO2012142925A1 - 电动汽车pwm整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统 - Google Patents

电动汽车pwm整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012142925A1
WO2012142925A1 PCT/CN2012/073982 CN2012073982W WO2012142925A1 WO 2012142925 A1 WO2012142925 A1 WO 2012142925A1 CN 2012073982 W CN2012073982 W CN 2012073982W WO 2012142925 A1 WO2012142925 A1 WO 2012142925A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
module
rectifier
control
voltage
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PCT/CN2012/073982
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵泽华
Original Assignee
Shao Zehua
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Publication date
Application filed by Shao Zehua filed Critical Shao Zehua
Priority to JP2014505495A priority Critical patent/JP2014516507A/ja
Priority to US14/112,462 priority patent/US9409487B2/en
Priority to EP12774095.9A priority patent/EP2701274B1/en
Publication of WO2012142925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012142925A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/68—Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/12—Driver interactions by confirmation, e.g. of the input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a large battery charging system, and more particularly to an electric vehicle P medical rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system. Background technique
  • Electric vehicles are no longer a strange term. Electric vehicles have obvious advantages compared with internal combustion vehicles: low pollution and low noise. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles is quite rapid.
  • the power supply for electric vehicles is powered by large batteries. Therefore, the technology of charging the battery is very important.
  • the charging device of the ordinary household has a small power and the charging speed is not very high, so the charging time is generally long, but the charging device is not suitable for the electric vehicle.
  • Commercial charging devices for charging electric vehicles must meet the requirements of low battery loss, low pollution, and high speed. Since large batteries used in electric vehicles have many characteristics such as large capacity, high power, and long life,
  • the charging equipment, especially the commercial charging equipment equivalent to the internal combustion vehicle fuel station also has high power requirements.
  • the traditional high-power charging device is based on phase-controlled rectification technology, using thyristors as power devices.
  • a multi-pulse charger is also developed, but charging based on phase-controlled rectification technology.
  • the machine has the disadvantages of bulky size, low power factor, large harmonic pollution, etc. If the power factor of the charger is low, when the load of the charger increases, it will generate electricity and other electrical equipment. Huge impact, in order to solve power factor and harmonic pollution, this phase-controlled rectifying charger must be equipped with corresponding harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation equipment, but this increases the size of the equipment and increases the cost, and even if it is captured Such measures cannot fundamentally solve the problem of harmonic pollution and power factor.
  • the charging of electric vehicles is better than the refueling of internal combustion engines. Under normal circumstances, charging is completed in about ten minutes.
  • the advantage is that when the battery needs to be charged, as long as there is a power socket available, it can be charged, and the disadvantage is limited by the space on the vehicle, so the power handling capacity is limited, only It can provide small current and slow charging, and the charging time is generally long.
  • the traditional charging technology is used, the electric vehicle battery needs at least 12 hours to charge at a time.
  • the traditional charging method is too simple to charge, which often shortens the battery life. It is conceivable that the solution is to solve the technical problem of greatly reducing the charging time of the battery and ensuring that the battery is not damaged. It is necessary to develop a power factor with high harmonics and no need for corresponding harmonic suppression and Fast charging system for reactive power compensation equipment. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide an electric vehicle P rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging with high power factor and small harmonics without corresponding harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation equipment.
  • the system is expected to solve the technical problem of reducing the harmonic content in the charging system of the electric vehicle during charging, and reducing the pollution of the charging system and equipment.
  • the present invention uses the following technical solutions:
  • the invention provides an electric vehicle P medical rectification and variable voltage variable flow pulse charging system, comprising a rectifier module and a charging module, wherein the rectifier module is respectively connected with an AC power grid and a charging module, wherein the charging system further comprises a DC charging management module
  • the charging module includes at least a DC input module and a DC output
  • the rectifier module, the DC input module, the DC output module and the DC charging management module are mutually independent modules and are connected by a network bus;
  • the rectifier module rectifies and filters the alternating current input by the power supply to form a stable DC output voltage, and provides the conversion module in the subsequent DC output module;
  • the DC input module realizes measurement of DC current, control of DC power supply, and safety protection of DC input and output;
  • the DC output module communicates with the vehicle energy management system to perform output power conversion, and cooperates with the voltage and current required for charging the output battery;
  • the DC charging management module implements human-computer interaction for interface display, identification, fee collection, ticket printing, data management, control current interruption, and remote monitoring.
  • the rectifier module comprises a transformer, a rectifier, a control part, a switching power supply, a contactor or a circuit breaker.
  • the contactor or circuit breaker and the transformer isolate the main power input and output and the voltage rise and fall, the rectifier completes the conversion of the power source from AC to DC, and the control part generates the P medical pulse signal required by the rectifier to complete the control of the power device and various Logic protection, the switching power supply provides the various levels of voltage required for control.
  • the transformer is made of epoxy resin cast dry type transformer, and the primary side and the secondary side are connected by a star connection, the primary side of the transformer is connected to the AC power grid, and the secondary side is connected to the input end of the rectifier.
  • the rectifier is a P medical rectifier, and the P medical rectifier realizes that the current of the transformer AC grid side is sinusoidal, the power factor is controllable, and the electric energy is bidirectionally transmitted.
  • the control part further comprises a controller and a P medical rectifier control board
  • the P medical rectifier control board is a double closed loop control system composed of a current inner loop and a voltage outer loop
  • the DSP is used as the main control.
  • the chip uses a voltage space vector modulation algorithm to control the input current and output voltage to realize current sinusoidal, unit power factor and DC output voltage on the AC grid side of the transformer. Constant function; controller is used to realize human-computer interaction interface, use the master-slave RS485 bus to communicate with the P medical rectifier control board, send the running command to the P medical rectifier control board, control the P medical rectifier operation and obtain the P doctor The operating state and parameters of the rectifier.
  • the DC input module includes at least a power control part, a charging energy metering module, a control board and a control power board.
  • the power control part is implemented by using a contactor and a protection device, so that the rectified circuit is safely isolated from the latter circuit and can be controlled, and the control signal is from the DC charging management module;
  • the metering module uses a high-precision sensor to measure the voltage and current, measure the charging energy, and upload the energy data to the DC charging management module through the RS-485 communication interface;
  • the control board uses a 16-bit DSP as the main control chip.
  • the single-chip microcomputer completes the communication and driving functions;
  • the control power board uses a plurality of integrated power supply modules to convert the 220V AC power supply voltage into a plurality of different levels of DC power supply voltages to provide a stable working power supply for the control board and the sensor.
  • the DC output module includes at least a DC conversion module, a control board, and a control power board.
  • the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used in the DC conversion module to realize charging of various modes of the electric vehicle battery, including constant voltage current limiting charging, constant current limiting voltage charging, and three stages. Charging, pulse intermittent charging, positive and negative pulse charging and charging mode, multiple charging modes are freely selected;
  • the control panel uses a 16-bit microcontroller as the main control chip to complete the communication and driving functions;
  • the control power board uses multiple integrated The power module converts the 220V AC power supply voltage into a variety of DC power supply voltages to provide a stable working power supply for the control board.
  • the DC charging management module comprises an embedded controller, a display screen, a radio frequency card reader, a CAN communication card, a remote monitoring communication expansion card and a micro printer; and a DC charging management module as a charging system Control center, via CAN or RS-485 bus and each The module makes contact, sends various work orders to each module, receives various feedback information of the module, and coordinates the working sequence and logic between the modules.
  • the DC charging management module reads the user information through the RF card reader, and displays the IC card information, prompts the user to correctly connect the charging plug, selects the charging time, the charging mode, and confirms that the charging is started.
  • the embedded controller periodically obtains the power data.
  • the stop charging command is sent to the DC input module, and the contactor in the DC input module is controlled to perform the action, and the power is turned off.
  • the display prompts the user to end the charging, after the user unplugs, the payment, the consumption information, and the printing of the ticket are performed.
  • one of the beneficial effects of the present invention is: in the charging process of the electric vehicle, the grid side current sinusoidal, the unit power factor is constant, and the power factor of the charging system is improved, and in the power conversion control.
  • the realization of zero-pressure zero-flow control, the system efficiency is up to 95%, which reduces the harmonic content of the charging system of the electric vehicle during charging, reduces the pollution of the charging system and equipment to the power grid, and saves energy and protects the environment. effect.
  • the DC output module in the charging system has a variety of charging modes for setting, which can meet the needs of different electric vehicle batteries, and is flexible and convenient, and preferentially uses the positive and negative pulse fast charging method to solve the problem that the electric vehicle battery charging time is long.
  • the invention provides an electric vehicle PWM rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system with simple structure, small volume, and can be applied to all lead battery charging, and has wide application range and is suitable for large-scale promotion.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of the system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of a rectifier module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • 3 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC input module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC output module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of a DC charging management module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. detailed description
  • an electric vehicle P rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system includes a rectifier module and a charging module, and the rectifier module is respectively connected to the AC grid and the charging module.
  • the rated voltage of the AC grid is 380V
  • the charging system further comprises a DC charging management module, wherein the charging module is composed of a DC input module and a DC output module, and the rectifier module, the DC input module, the DC output module and the DC charging management module They are independent modules, which are all connected through a network bus; the functions of four independent modules are as follows: The rectifier module rectifies and filters the AC input from the power supply to form a stable DC output voltage.
  • the DC input module is used to measure the DC current, control the DC power supply, and protect the DC input and output.
  • the DC output module communicates with the vehicle energy management system to perform output power conversion. With cooperation Desired voltage and battery charging current; DC charging management module interacting with a computer, an interface for displaying, identification, fees charged, ticket printing, data management, control current interrupter, remote monitoring.
  • a transformer in order to better reflect the conversion effect of alternating current to direct current, it is better to use a transformer, a rectifier, a control part, and a switching power supply among the components constituting the rectifier module, wherein the transformer is connected to the main power supply.
  • the output is isolated and the voltage is raised and lowered.
  • the rectifier completes the conversion of the power from AC to DC.
  • the control part generates the P pulse signal required by the rectifier to complete the control of the power device.
  • the switching power supply provides the various levels of voltage required for control.
  • the transformer is made of an epoxy resin cast dry type transformer, and the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer are connected in a star shape to connect the primary side of the transformer.
  • the AC grid, the secondary side is connected to the input end of the rectifier; and the rectifier is a P medical rectifier, and the current of the transformer AC grid side is sinusoidal, the power factor is controllable, and the electric energy is bidirectionally transmitted through the P medical rectifier.
  • the control part is preferably composed of a controller and a P medical rectifier control board.
  • the P medical rectifier control board is a double closed loop control system composed of a current inner loop and a voltage outer loop.
  • the DSP is used as the main control chip, and the voltage space vector modulation is used.
  • the algorithm controls the input current and output voltage to realize the current sinusoidal on the AC grid side of the transformer, the unit power factor and the DC output voltage constant.
  • the controller is used to realize the human-computer interaction interface, using the master-slave RS485 bus. Communicate with the PWM rectifier control board, send a running command to the PWM rectifier control board, control the P medical rectifier operation and obtain the operating status and parameters of the P medical rectifier.
  • the DC input module preferentially uses the power control part and the charging energy metering.
  • the module, the control board, and the control power board are composed.
  • the DC output module is composed of a DC conversion module, a control board, and a control power board.
  • the power control part of the DC input module is realized by the contactor and the protection power device, so that the rectified circuit is safely isolated from the latter circuit and can be controlled, and the control signal is from the DC charging management module; the charging energy metering module
  • the high-precision sensor is used to sample the voltage and current, measure the charging energy, and upload the energy data to the DC charging management module through the RS485 communication interface.
  • the control board uses the 16-bit single-chip microcomputer as the main control chip to complete the communication and driving functions.
  • the control power board uses multiple integrated power modules to convert the 220V AC power supply voltage into a variety of different levels of DC power supply voltage to provide stable operating power for the control board and sensor.
  • a bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to realize charging of various modes of the electric vehicle battery, and the charging mode includes constant voltage current limiting charging and constant current.
  • Charge mode such as voltage limiting charging, three-stage charging, pulse intermittent charging, positive and negative pulse charging, multiple charging modes can be freely selected;
  • the control panel uses a 16-bit DSP as the microcontroller of the main control chip, of which DSP is preferred to use TI.
  • the TMS 320F2407 16-bit fixed-point DSP is used to complete the DC output module communication and drive functions.
  • the control power board is the same as the DC output module. It also uses multiple high-performance, integrated power modules to convert 220V AC power. The voltage is converted to a variety of different levels of DC supply voltage to provide a stable operating power supply to the control board.
  • the DC charging management module serves as the control center of the entire charging system, as shown in FIG. 5, and is composed of an embedded controller, a display screen, a radio frequency card reader, a CAN communication card, a remote monitoring communication expansion card, and a micro printer;
  • the CAN or RS485 bus communicates with each module, and issues various work orders to the various modules, receives various types of feedback information from the module, and coordinates the working timing and logic between the modules.
  • the specific performance is as follows:
  • the DC charging management module reads the user information through the RF card reader, displays the IC card information, prompts the user to correctly connect the charging plug, selects the charging time, the charging mode, and confirms the startup charging; during the charging process, the embedded
  • the controller periodically acquires the power data.
  • the stop charging command is sent to the DC input module, the contactor in the DC input module is controlled to perform the action, the power is cut off, and the user is prompted to charge on the display.
  • the user unplugs the plug, he can perform payment, view consumption information, and print the ticket.
  • the working process of the electric vehicle P medical rectification and variable voltage variable flow pulse charging system is as follows:
  • the rectifier module is connected to the 380V AC power grid, and the rectifier module transmits the 380V alternating current into the 650V direct current through the P medical rectification method.
  • the control power board in the DC input module is connected to 220V AC power to provide stable working power for the control board and the sensor; the 650V DC power adjusted by the DC input module enters the DC output module and passes through the DC output module.
  • the bidirectional DC-DC converter changes the different states of the voltage, and realizes various modes such as constant voltage current limiting charging, constant current limiting voltage charging, three-stage charging, pulse intermittent charging, positive and negative pulse charging and charging modes, and the like.
  • the DC output module is connected with the charged electric vehicle or the battery, and the charging mode of the DC-DC converter is adjusted to start charging, and the DC charging management module is respectively connected to each module through the CAN or RS485 bus, various working instructions. Receive various types of feedback information from the module.
  • an electric vehicle P rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system includes a rectifier module and a charging module, and the rectifier module is respectively connected to the AC grid and the charging module.
  • the rated voltage of the AC grid is 380V
  • the charging system further comprises a DC charging management module, wherein the charging module is composed of a DC input module and a DC output module, and the rectifier module, the DC input module, the DC output module and the DC charging management module They are independent modules, which are all connected through a network bus; the functions of four independent modules are as follows: The rectifier module rectifies and filters the AC input from the power supply to form a stable DC output voltage.
  • the DC input module is used to measure the DC current, control the DC power supply, and protect the DC input and output.
  • the DC output module communicates with the vehicle energy management system to perform output power conversion. With cooperation Desired voltage and battery charging current; DC charging management module interacting with a computer, an interface for displaying, identification, fees charged, ticket printing, data management, control current interrupter, remote monitoring.
  • the rectifier module of the present invention can also be composed of an air switch, a pre-charging resistor, an AC contactor, an input side inductor, a three-phase full-controlled bridge converter, a P medical rectifier, a DC bus capacitor, a dummy load, a power tube drive, and a digital
  • the logic protection circuit and the control part are composed.
  • the power device in the rectifier module uses a high-power voltage control device IGBT or IPM to ensure the system power capacity and heat dissipation requirements; ⁇ use a dedicated power tube driver chip and driver module, and isolate the power supply to send the chip in the control part
  • the P pulse signal is converted into an IGBT or IPM pulse with driving capability, and the fault signal is fed back to the digital logic protection circuit when an overcurrent fault occurs in the power device.
  • the power devices are connected by a non-inductive busbar. Reduce the effects of parasitic parameters on the main circuit.
  • the filter inductor is used to realize the four-quadrant operation of the AC measurement unit power factor control and the P medical rectifier, and the AC side harmonic current of the P medical rectifier is filtered out, thereby realizing the AC side sine wave current control and making the PWM
  • the rectifier has BOOST PWM AC/DC conversion performance while ensuring stable operation of the charging system.
  • the voltage is 1200V and the capacity is 4000uF.
  • the filter circuit is made up of multiple 400V voltage electrolytic capacitors connected in series or multiple film capacitors in parallel to suppress DC side harmonic voltage. The energy exchange between the AC side and the DC side is buffered to ensure smooth and stable intermediate DC voltage.
  • the PWM rectifier in the rectifier module of the present invention uses a three-phase voltage type topology, and the main control chip of the control part of the rectifier module uses a 32-bit fixed-point DSP of TMS320F2812 of TI Company, and its speed jumps to 150M, and the data bit is processed. The number also jumped to the 32-bit fixed point. It has EVA, EVB event manager and a matching 12-bit 16-channel AD data set, plus a rich peripheral interface, such as CAN, SCI, etc., to make the peripheral circuit more concise.
  • the control part of the rectifier module is composed of TMS 320F2812 and peripheral devices such as crystal oscillator and reset circuit, which complete functions such as signal sampling, control algorithm operation, P medical signal output, and data source storage.
  • the control board of the rectifier module P of the present invention is in the form of double closed loop control composed of a current inner loop and a voltage outer loop, and uses DSP as a main control chip, and uses a voltage space vector modulation (SVPWM) algorithm to realize an input current. , output voltage control.
  • the DC side output voltage is sampled and fed back, compared with a given reference voltage, and the error value obtained after comparison is used as the input of the voltage loop PI regulator in the control board, and the output is given as the current amplitude of the AC side, and the current loop PI regulator is The current amplitude given and the current feedback signal are used as inputs.
  • the space command voltage vector is obtained, and then the space voltage vector is synthesized, so that the actual space voltage vector tracks the command voltage vector to achieve the purpose of controlling the input current amplitude and phase.
  • the double closed-loop control system design of P medical rectifier is realized by digital regulator, and the function originally realized by hardware is replaced by software, which makes the control method more flexible and the parameter adjustment is more Convenience.
  • the direct current control is used to control the input current of the rectifier in a closed loop, and the current is used to control the instantaneous current waveform with high precision. This control mode has good dynamic performance and can compensate.
  • the double-closed loop structure used in the control board of the direct current control P medical rectifier the outer loop is the voltage loop.
  • the instantaneous value of the alternating current is obtained by adjusting the DC bus voltage.
  • the inner loop is the current loop, and the inner loop acts.
  • the current is controlled according to the current command outputted by the voltage outer loop, so that the actual input current of the P medical rectifier can track the current given, and realize the current control of the high power factor sine wave.
  • a perfect digital logic protection circuit is set in the rectifier module to realize input overvoltage, input undervoltage, input phase loss, output overvoltage, output overload, output short circuit, etc. through input voltage, output voltage, output current, and the like. Protective function.
  • the current controller designed by the double closed loop control system in the control panel of the P medical rectifier of the invention uses the PI adjustment current control in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, and the deviation between the current command value and the actual value is taken as the input of the PI regulator.
  • the PI regulator outputs the required space voltage vector.
  • the current reference value is DC, and the PI regulator can be adjusted without difference, so the control precision of the system is high.
  • the control MCU in the DC input module of the present invention can use TI's 16-bit single chip MSP430F4152.
  • This type of MCU has 16KB flash memory, 512B RAM, 56 I/O ports and LCD driver, 10-bit ADC converter. , SPI and UART interface, MCU supply voltage range is 1. 8 ⁇ 3. 6V, built-in Wa tchDog (watchdog) circuit, to prevent malfunction of the microcontroller caused by external interference or internal programming errors.
  • the DC output control module can also be composed of a front-stage input capacitor, a filter circuit, a bridge converter, a high-frequency transformer, an output diode rectifier bridge, an output contactor, a control board, and the like.
  • the output voltage and current signals are sent to the control board through the feedback circuit, compared with the given signal, and passed through the PI regulator in the P-controller control board, and then input to the DSP chip as a control signal.
  • the module is generated, and the bridge converter adjusts the output current or voltage by changing the duty ratio of the control pulse.
  • the main control chip of the control board of the DC output control module uses the 16-bit fixed-point DSP of TMS320F2407 of TI Company, and the TMS320LF2407 internally uses Harvard. Structure, data space and program space separation, independent data bus and program bus allow simultaneous operation of programs and data; processing speed up to 30 MIPS, on-chip processor integration up to 1.
  • the TMS320LF2407 also integrates 16-channel 10-bit A/D converters, SCI serial communication and CAN bus modules.
  • the XC95144XL CPLD of the electric vehicle PWM rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system of the invention realizes the digital logic protection of the system and the related extended functions, thereby ensuring reliable and safe operation of the charging system.
  • the DC charging management module of the present invention is composed of an embedded controller, a touch display screen, a radio frequency card reader, a CAN communication card, a remote monitoring communication expansion card, and micro printing.
  • RS RS485 or CAN communication key input, LCD display circuit system communication and human-machine interface module, complete system data input, status detection and remote monitoring, customer transactions and other functions.
  • the bidirectional half-bridge DC-DC conversion circuit is used to complete the charging and discharging of the battery, to achieve positive and negative pulse charging, and to recover the discharged electric energy.
  • the control power supply of each module in the electric vehicle P rectification and variable voltage variable current pulse charging system of the invention adopts a switching power supply, and the input 220V alternating current is changed into a control board to provide various levels of power sources such as 5V, 15V, 24V, etc.
  • the switching power supply has stable output, low ripple and high reliability. ⁇ Using a variety of measures to design the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, suppressing the overvoltage by the RCD absorbing circuit in the main switching power device circuit; using a combination of multi-point grounding and centralized grounding between the modules to solve the system static electricity Interference; suppression of surges at the circuit interface using varistors and transient diodes. There are a variety of charging modes in the charging system and equipment of electric vehicles.
  • the charging strategy design is planned according to the performance difference of different batteries and the actual needs of users.
  • constant voltage current limiting charging method constant current limiting voltage charging method, Three-stage charging method, pulse intermittent charging method, positive and negative pulse charging method.
  • the DC output module feeds the voltage and current signals outputted to the battery, sends the sampled signal to the control board, compares it with the given signal, and controls the PI regulator in the P-controller control board as a control.
  • the signal is input to the doctor's module of the DSP chip, and the charging current or voltage is adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the control pulse to realize different charging modes.

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Abstract

一种电动汽车PWM整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统。该充电系统包括整流模块与充电模块。该整流模块分别与交流电网和该充电模块相连接。该充电系统还包括直流充电管理模块。该充电模块由直流输入模块和直流输出模块组成。该整流模块、该直流输入模块、该直流输出模块与该直流充电管理模块都为相互独立的模块，并通过网络总线联系在一起。该充电系统结构简单，体积较小，且属于大型蓄电池充电系统，可适用于所有铅锌蓄电池充电。该充电系统大大减少了蓄电池的充电时间，应用范围广，适于规模化推广。

Description

电动汽车 PWM整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及大型蓄电池充电系统， 更具体的说， 本发明主要涉及一种电动 汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统。 背景技术
目前电动汽车已经不是一个陌生的名词， 电动汽车与内燃汽车相比有着很 明显的优越性： 污染小、 噪音小， 因此电动汽车的发展相当迅速， 电动汽车的 电源釆用的是大型蓄电池供电， 因此对蓄电池进行充电的技术相当重要， 普通 家用的充电装置功率很小， 并且对充电速度要求也不是很高， 因此其充电时间 普遍较长， 但是这种充电装置并不适用于电动汽车使用。 用于电动汽车充电的 商用充电装置， 必须满足蓄电池损耗小、 污染小、 速度快的要求， 由于电动汽 车上使用的大型蓄电池都具备容量大、 功率大、 寿命长等几大特点， 所以对其 进行充电的设备， 尤其是对相当于内燃汽车加油站的商用充电设备的功率要求 也很高， 这是因为这种充电设备不可能只对一只蓄电池进行充电， 而是要对整 台车甚至几台车的所有蓄电池进行充电， 但是在一味的提高充电设备的功率的 同时， 也使其在使用过程中对电网的影响很大， 其功率较大是影响电网的最主 要的因素。
传统的大功率充电装置基于相控整流技术， 使用晶闸管作为功率器件， 除 了釆用普通的三相整流技术构成充电机外， 还发展了多脉波充电机等， 但是基 于相控整流技术的充电机具有体积笨重、 功率因数低、 谐波污染大等缺点， 如 果充电机功率因数较低， 在充电机负载增加时， 会对电网及其他用电设备产生 巨大的影响， 这种相控整流充电机为了解决功率因数和谐波污染， 必须配备相 应的谐波抑制和无功功率补偿设备， 但是这样既增加设备体积， 又增加了成本, 而且即便釆取这样的措施， 也不能从根本上解决谐波污染和功率因数问题。
另外电动汽车的充电好比内燃机汽车的加油， 正常情况下需在十分钟左右 充电完成。 对于电动汽车车载式充电机， 其优点是在蓄电池需要充电的任何时 候， 只要有可用的供电插座， 就可以进行充电， 而其缺点则是受车上空间所限, 因而功率处理能力有限， 只能提供小电流慢速充电， 充电时间一般较长， 如果 釆用传统的充电技术， 电动汽车蓄电池一次充电至少需要 12小时以上， 还有传 统的充电方法充电过于简单， 常常会缩短蓄电池的使用寿命， 可以想象， 釆用 所以解决要大大减少蓄电池充电时间， 同时还要保证不对蓄电池产生损坏 这一技术问题， 有必要研制一种功率因数高、 谐波小而又无需配备相应的谐波 抑制和无功功率补偿设备的快速充电系统。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足， 提供一种功率因数高， 且谐波小而又无 需配备相应的谐波抑制和无功功率补偿设备的一种电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变 流脉冲充电系统， 以期望解决减少电动汽车在充电过程中充电系统中的谐波含 量， 降低充电系统及设备污染电网的技术问题。
为解决上述的技术问题， 本发明釆用以下技术方案：
本发明提供的一种电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 包括整流 模块与充电模块， 整流模块分别与交流电网和充电模块相连接， 所述的充电系 统还包括直流充电管理模块，其中充电模块至少包含直流输入模块和直流输出 模块； 所述的整流模块、 直流输入模块、 直流输出模块与直流充电管理模块都 为相互独立的模块， 并通过网络总线联系在一起；
整流模块对由电源输入的交流电进行整流并经滤波后， 形成稳定的直流输 出电压， 提供给后续直流输出模块中的变换模块；
直流输入模块实现对直流电流进行计量、 对直流供电进行控制、 对直流输 入输出进行安全防护；
直流输出模块实现与车载能量管理系统通信， 进行输出功率变换， 配合输 出蓄电池充电所需电压及电流；
直流充电管理模块实现人机交互， 用于界面显示、 身份识别、 费用收取、 票据打印、 数据管理、 控制电流断续、 远程监控。
进一步的技术方案是： 所述的整流模块包含变压器、 整流器、 控制部分、 开关电源、 接触器或断路器。 接触器或断路器与变压器对主电源输入输出进行 隔离和电压的升降， 整流器完成电源由交流到直流的转换， 控制部分生成整流 器所需的 P醫脉冲信号， 完成对功率器件的控制及各种逻辑保护， 开关电源提 供控制所需的各个等级的电压。
上述进一步的技术方案是： 所述的变压器釆用环氧树脂浇注干式变压器， 一次侧和二次侧均釆用星形连接， 变压器的一次侧连接交流电网， 二次侧连接 整流器的输入端； 所述的整流器是 P醫整流器， P醫整流器实现变压器交流电 网侧电流为正弦、 功率因数可控、 电能双向传输。
上述进一步的技术方案是： 所述的控制部分中还包括控制器和 P醫整流器 控制板， P醫整流器控制板为由电流内环、 电压外环构成的双闭环控制系统， 以 DSP作为主控制芯片， 釆用电压空间矢量调制算法对输入电流、 输出电压进 行控制， 实现变压器交流电网侧的电流正弦化、 单位功率因数和直流输出电压 恒定的功能； 控制器则用于实现人机交互界面， 釆用主从式 RS485总线与 P醫 整流器控制板进行通讯， 发送运行指令给 P醫整流器控制板， 控制 P醫整流器 运行并获得 P醫整流器的运行状态和参数。
上述进一步的技术方案是： 所述的直流输入模块中至少包含功率控制部 分、 充电电能计量模块、 控制板与控制电源板。
更进一步的技术方案是： 所述的功率控制部分釆用接触器和保护器件实 现， 使整流后的电路与后级电路安全隔离且可被控制， 其控制信号来自于直流 充电管理模块； 充电电能计量模块釆用高精度传感器对电压、 电流进行釆样， 对充电电能进行计量， 并通过 RS-485通讯接口将电能数据上传给直流充电管 理模块； 控制板釆用 16位的 DSP作为主控芯片的单片机， 完成通讯与驱动功 能； 控制电源板釆用多个集成化的电源模块， 将 220V交流电源电压转换为多 种不同等级的直流电源电压， 为控制板、 传感器提供稳定的工作电源。
再进一步的技术方案是： 所述的直流输出模块中至少包含直流变换模块、 控制板与控制电源板。
上述进一步的技术方案是:所述的直流变换模块中釆用双向 DC-DC变换器， 实现对电动汽车蓄电池的多种模式充电，包含有恒压限流充电、恒流限压充电、 三阶段充电、 脉冲间歇充电、 正负脉冲充电充电模式， 多种充电模式进行自由 选择； 控制板釆用 16位单片机作为主控芯片， 完成通讯、 驱动的功能； 控制 电源板釆用多个集成化的电源模块， 将 220V交流电源电压转换为多种不同等 级的直流电源电压， 为控制板提供稳定的工作电源。
上述更进一步的技术方案是： 所述的直流充电管理模块包括嵌入式控制 器、 显示屏、 射频卡读卡器、 CAN通信卡、 远程监控通信扩展卡与微型打印机； 直流充电管理模块作为充电系统的控制中心， 通过 CAN或 RS-485总线与各个 模块进行联系， 向各个模块发出各类工作指令、 接收模块各类反馈信息， 协调 模块间的工作时序和逻辑。
上述还进一步的技术方案是： 所述的直流充电管理模块通过射频卡读卡器 读取用户信息， 并显示 IC卡信息， 提示用户正确连接充电插头， 选择充电时间、 充电方式， 并确认启动充电； 在充电过程中， 嵌入式控制器定时获取电量数据, 当达到用户设置的充电时间或充电电量时， 发送停止充电指令给直流输入模块, 控制直流输入模块中的接触器执行动作， 切断电源， 并在显示屏上提示用户充 电结束， 用户拔下插头后， 进行付款、 查看消费信息、 打印票据的操作。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果之一是： 在电动汽车的充电过程中能 够实现电网侧电流正弦化、 单位功率因数恒定， 且提高充电系统的功率因数， 同时在功率转换控制中实现零压零流的控制， 系统效率最高可达 95 % ,从而减 少了电动汽车在充电过程中充电系统中的谐波含量，减小了充电系统及设备对 电网的污染， 起到节能环保的作用。 同时充电系统中的直流输出模块具有多种 充电模式可供设置， 可满足不同电动汽车蓄电池的需求， 且灵活便捷， 并优先 釆用正负脉冲快速充电方法， 解决了以往电动汽车蓄电池充电时间长， 或者虽 充电快但对蓄电池本身存在损伤的问题， 进一步缩短了充电时间， 且对蓄电池 本身损伤较小， 延长蓄电池的使用寿命， 满足现实需求。 同时本发明所提供一 种电动汽车 PWM整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统结构简单， 体积较小， 且可适用 于所有铅辞蓄电池充电， 应用范围广， 适于规模化推广。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的系统结构框图；
图 2为本发明实施例 1当中的整流模块电路结构框图; 图 3为本发明实施例 1当中的直流输入模块电路结构框图；
图 4为本发明实施例 1当中的直流输出模块电路结构框图；
图 5为本发明实施例 1当中的直流充电管理模块电路结构框图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述。
实施例 1
如图 1所示，本发明所提供的一种电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电 系统，包括整流模块与充电模块，整流模块分别与交流电网和充电模块相连接， 本实施方式中交流电网的额定电压为 380V,所述的充电系统还包括直流充电管 理模块，其中充电模块由直流输入模块和直流输出模块所组成，并且整流模块、 直流输入模块、 直流输出模块与直流充电管理模块分别都为相互独立的模块， 它们都是通过网络总线联系在一起； 四个独立的模块的功用如下： 整流模块对 由电源输入的交流电进行整流并经滤波后， 形成稳定的直流输出电压， 以提供 给后续直流输出模块中的变换模块； 直流输入模块实现对直流电流进行计量、 对直流供电进行控制、 对直流输入输出进行安全防护； 直流输出模块实现与车 载能量管理系统通信， 进行输出功率变换， 配合输出蓄电池充电所需电压及电 流； 直流充电管理模块实现人机交互， 用于界面显示、 身份识别、 费用收取、 票据打印、 数据管理、 控制电流断续、 远程监控。
如图 2所示， 出于更好的体现出对交流电的到直流电的变压转换效果， 组 成整流模块的部件中最好釆用变压器、 整流器、 控制部分、 开关电源， 其中变 压器对主电源输入输出进行隔离和电压的升降，整流器完成电源由交流到直流 的转换， 控制部分生成整流器所需的 P醫脉冲信号， 完成对功率器件的控制及 各种逻辑保护， 开关电源提供控制所需的各个等级的电压。 本实施方式中为体 现出比较优异的调压效果， 变压器釆用的是环氧树脂浇注干式变压器， 将变压 器的一次侧和二次侧都釆用星形连接， 使其变压器的一次侧连接交流电网， 二 次侧连接整流器的输入端； 而整流器是 P醫整流器， 通过 P醫 整流器实现变 压器交流电网侧电流为正弦、 功率因数可控、 电能双向传输。 控制部分最好釆 用控制器和 P醫整流器控制板组成， P醫整流器控制板为由电流内环、 电压外 环构成的双闭环控制系统， 以 DSP作为主控制芯片， 釆用电压空间矢量调制算 法对输入电流、 输出电压的进行控制， 实现变压器交流电网侧的电流正弦化、 单位功率因数和直流输出电压恒定的功能； 控制器则用于实现人机交互界面， 釆用主从式 RS485总线与 PWM整流器控制板进行通讯，发送运行指令给 PWM整 流器控制板， 控制 P醫整流器运行并获得 P醫整流器运行状态和参数。
如图 3、 图 4所示， 针对上述的直流输入模块与直流输出模块， 考虑到其 与整流模块的匹配性以及与充电系统的兼容性，直流输入模块优先釆用功率控 制部分、 充电电能计量模块、 控制板、 控制电源板组成。 直流输出模块釆用直 流变换模块、 控制板、 控制电源板组成。 直流输入模块当中的功率控制部分釆 用接触器和保护功率器件来实现，使整流后的电路与后级电路安全隔离且可被 控制， 其控制信号来自于直流充电管理模块； 充电电能计量模块釆用高精度传 感器对电压、 电流进行釆样， 对充电电能进行计量， 并通过 RS485通讯接口将 电能数据上传给直流充电管理模块； 控制板釆用 16位单片机作为主控芯片， 完成通讯与驱动功能； 控制电源板釆用多个集成化的电源模块， 将 220V交流 电源电压转换为多种不同等级的直流电源电压， 为控制板、 传感器提供稳定的 工作电源。 而直流输出模块当中的直流变换模块中釆用双向 DC-DC变换器， 实 现对电动汽车蓄电池的多种模式充电， 充电模式中包含有恒压限流充电、 恒流 限压充电、 三阶段充电、 脉冲间歇充电、 正负脉冲充电等充电模式， 多种充电 模式可以自由选择；控制板釆用 16位的 DSP作为主控芯片的单片机，其中 DSP 优先釆用 TI公司的 TMS 320F2407的 16位定点 DSP,用于完成直流输出模块通 讯以及驱动的功能； 控制电源板与直流输出模块当中的相同， 也是釆用多个高 性能、 集成化的电源模块， 将 220V交流电源电压转换为多种不同等级的直流 电源电压， 为控制板提供稳定的工作电源。
直流充电管理模块作为整个充电系统的控制中心， 如图 5所示， 由嵌入式 控制器、 显示屏、 射频卡读卡器、 CAN通信卡、 远程监控通信扩展卡、 微型打 印机组成； 其主要通过 CAN或 RS485总线与各个模块进行联系， 向各个模块发 出各类工作指令、 接收模块各类反馈信息， 协调模块间的工作时序和逻辑。 具 体表现为： 直流充电管理模块通过射频卡读卡器读取用户信息， 并显示 IC卡 信息， 提示用户正确连接充电插头， 选择充电时间、 充电方式， 并确认启动充 电； 在充电过程中， 嵌入式控制器定时获取电量数据， 当达到用户设置的充电 时间或充电电量时， 发送停止充电指令给直流输入模块， 控制直流输入模块中 接触器执行动作， 切断电源， 并在显示屏上提示用户充电结束， 用户拔下插头 后， 可以进行付款、 查看消费信息、 打印票据的操作。
本发明所提供的电动汽车 P醫 整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统工作过程如 下： 通过整流模块接入 380V的交流电网， 整流模块通过 P醫整流方式将 380V 的交流电变为 650V的直流电传送至直流输入模块当中， 直流输入模块当中的 控制电源板接入 220V的交流电， 为控制板、 传感器提供稳定的工作电源； 经 直流输入模块调整后的 650V直流电进入直流输出模块当中， 通过直流输出模 块当中的双向 DC-DC变换器改变电压的不同状态， 实现恒压限流充电、 恒流限 压充电、 三阶段充电、 脉冲间歇充电、 正负脉冲充电充电模式等多种模式的自 由选择， 直流输出模块与充电的电动汽车或蓄电池相连接， 调节好 DC-DC变换 器中的充电模式后开始充电，直流充电管理模块通过 CAN或 RS485总线分别与 各个模块相连， 各类工作指令、 接收模块各类反馈信息。
实施例 2
如图 1所示，本发明所提供的一种电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电 系统，包括整流模块与充电模块，整流模块分别与交流电网和充电模块相连接， 本实施方式中交流电网的额定电压为 380V,所述的充电系统还包括直流充电管 理模块，其中充电模块由直流输入模块和直流输出模块所组成，并且整流模块、 直流输入模块、 直流输出模块与直流充电管理模块分别都为相互独立的模块， 它们都是通过网络总线联系在一起； 四个独立的模块的功用如下： 整流模块对 由电源输入的交流电进行整流并经滤波后， 形成稳定的直流输出电压， 以提供 给后续直流输出模块中的变换模块； 直流输入模块实现对直流电流进行计量、 对直流供电进行控制、 对直流输入输出进行安全防护； 直流输出模块实现与车 载能量管理系统通信， 进行输出功率变换， 配合输出蓄电池充电所需电压及电 流； 直流充电管理模块实现人机交互， 用于界面显示、 身份识别、 费用收取、 票据打印、 数据管理、 控制电流断续、 远程监控。
本发明中的整流模块还可以由空气开关、 预充电电阻、 交流接触器、 输入 侧电感、 三相全控型桥式变换器、 P醫整流器、 直流母线电容、 假负载、 功率 管驱动和数字逻辑保护电路、 控制部分所组成。 其中整流模块当中的功率器件 釆用大功率的压控器件 IGBT或 IPM, 以保证系统功率容量和散热的要求； 釆用 专用的功率管驱动芯片和驱动模块、 隔离电源将控制部分当中的芯片发出的 P醫脉冲信号转换为具有驱动能力的 IGBT或 IPM脉冲，并在功率器件发生过流 故障时，向数字逻辑保护电路反馈故障信号。功率器件之间通过无感母排连接， 减小寄生参数对主电路的影响。 在 P醫整流器的交流侧釆用滤波电感， 实现交 流测单位功率因数控制和 P醫整流器的四象限运行，滤除 P醫整流器交流侧谐 波电流，从而实现交流侧正弦波电流控制，使 PWM整流器具有 BOOST PWM AC/DC 变换性能， 同时保证充电系统运行的稳定。 在 P醫整流器的直流侧釆用耐压为 1200V , 容量为 40000uF滤波电路， 滤波电路由多个 400V 耐压的电解电容串 并联而成或多个薄膜电容并联而成， 抑制直流侧谐波电压， 緩冲交流侧和直流 侧之间的能量交换， 保证中间直流电压的平滑、 稳定。
本发明中的整流模块当中的 PWM整流器釆用三相电压型拓朴结构，整流模 块的控制部分的主控制芯片釆用 TI公司的 TMS320F2812的 32位定点 DSP , 其 速度跃升到 150M, 处理数据位数也跃升到 32位定点， 其拥有 EVA、 EVB事件管 理器和配套的 12位 16通道的 AD数据釆集， 再加上丰富的外设接口， 如 CAN、 SCI等， 使外围电路更加简洁。 整流模块的控制部分由 TMS 320F2812和晶体振 荡器、 复位电路等外围设备构成， 完成信号釆样、 控制算法运算、 P醫信号输 出、 数据源存贮等功能。
本发明中的整流模块 P醫整流器的控制板为由电流内环、 电压外环构成的 双闭环控制的形式， 以 DSP作为主控制芯片， 釆用电压空间矢量调制（SVPWM) 算法实现对输入电流、 输出电压的控制。 直流侧输出电压经过取样反馈， 与给 定参考电压比较， 以比较后得到的误差值作为控制板中电压环 PI调节器的输 入， 输出作为交流侧电流幅度的给定， 电流环 PI调节器以电流幅度给定及电 流反馈信号作为输入， 经过运算后获得空间指令电压矢量， 然后通过空间电压 矢量合成， 使得实际的空间电压矢量跟踪指令电压矢量， 以达到控制输入电流 幅度和相位的目的。 P醫整流器的双闭环控制系统设计釆用数字调节器实现， 将原来由硬件实现的功能用软件来代替， 使控制方式更加灵活， 参数调整更加 方便。 P醫整流器中的双闭环控制系统设计中釆用直接电流控制对整流器输入 电流进行闭环控制， 直接釆用电流对瞬时电流波形进行高精度控制， 此种控制 方式具有艮好的动态性能，可以补偿系统参数变化带来的误差以及管压降和死 区的影响， 而且易于防止过载和实现过流保护。 直接电流控制的 P醫整流器的 控制板所釆用的双闭环结构， 外环为电压环， 通过对直流母线电压的调节得到 交流电流的指令瞬时值， 内环为电流环， 电流内环的作用是按电压外环输出的 电流指令进行电流控制， 使 P醫整流器的实际输入电流能够跟踪电流给定， 实 现高功率因数正弦波的电流控制。 在整流模块中设置完善的数字逻辑保护电 路， 通过对输入电压、 输出电压、 输出电流等的釆样， 实现输入过压、 输入欠 压、 输入缺相、 输出过压、 输出过载、 输出短路等保护功能。
本发明中 P醫整流器的控制板中的双闭环控制系统设计的电流控制器釆用 釆用同步旋转坐标系下的 PI调节电流控制， 将电流指令值与实际值的偏差作 为 PI 调节器的输入， PI 调节器输出所需的空间电压矢量，在同步旋转坐标系 中， 电流给定值是直流量， PI调节器可以做到无差调节， 因此系统的控制精度 较高。
本发明中的直流输入模块中的控制 MCU可以釆用 TI公司的 16位单片机 MSP430F4152 ,此种型号的 MCU具有 16KB闪存、 512B RAM, 56个 I/O口和 LCD 驱动器， 10位的 ADC转换器， SPI和 UART接口， MCU的供电电压范围为 1. 8 ~ 3. 6V, 内置 Wa tchDog (看门狗）电路， 防止由于外部干扰或内部编程错误引起单 片机运行故障。 而直流输出控制模块则还可以由前级输入电容、 滤波电路、 桥 式变换器、 高频变压器、输出二极管整流桥、输出接触器、控制板等部分组成。 输出电压、 电流信号经过釆样反馈电路送入控制板， 与给定信号进行比较， 通 过 P醫整流器控制板中的 PI调节器后， 作为控制信号输入给 DSP芯片的 P醫 生成模块， 桥式变换器通过改变控制脉冲的占空比来调节输出电流或电压， 直 流输出控制模块当中控制板的主控制芯片釆用 TI公司的 TMS320F2407的 16位 定点 DSP, TMS320LF2407内部釆用哈佛结构， 数据空间和程序空间分离， 独立 的数据总线和程序总线允许同时对程序和数据进行操作； 其处理速度达到 30 MIPS , 片内处理器集成高达 1. 5K字的数据 /程序 RAM, 544字双口 RAM ( DARAM ) 和 2K字的单口 RAM, 并有 32K字 Fla sh程序存储空间， 它的两个事件管理器 EVA和 EVB功能都较优秀， 能生成各种需要的 P醫波形。 TMS320LF2407还集成 了 16通道 10位 A/D转换器、 SCI 串行通讯及 CAN总线等模块。
另外本发明的电动汽车 PWM 整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统中还釆用 XC95144XL型 CPLD实现系统的数字逻辑保护及相关的扩展功能，保证充电系统 可靠、 安全的工作。
本发明的中的直流充电管理模块釆用嵌入式控制器、 触摸显示屏、 射频卡 读卡器、 CAN通信卡、远程监控通信扩展卡、微型打印组成。釆用 RS485或 CAN 通讯、 按键输入、 液晶显示电路组成系统的通讯和人机接口模块， 完成系统数 据输入、 状态检测和远程监控、 客户交易等功能。 充电系统中釆用双向半桥 DC-DC变换电路， 完成对电池的充放电， 实现正负脉冲充电， 并能将放出的电 能进行回收。
本发明的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统当中的各个模块的控 制电源都釆用开关电源， 将输入的 220V交流变为控制板提供 5V 、 15V 、 24V 等各种等级电源， 开关电源输出稳定、 紋波小、 可靠性高。 釆用多种措施进行 系统的电磁兼容性设计，在主开关功率器件回路釆用 RCD吸收电路对过电压进 行抑制； 在各个模块间釆用多点接地和集中接地相结合的方法， 解决系统静电 的干扰； 在电路接口釆用压敏电阻、 瞬态二极管对浪涌进行抑制。 电动汽车充电系统及设备中设计有多种充电模式，充电策略设计根据不同 蓄电池的性能差异和用户实际需要进行规划，在本系统中设计有恒压限流充电 法、 恒流限压充电法、 三阶段充电法、 脉冲间歇充电法、 正负脉冲充电法。 直 流输出模块通过对输出到电池上的电压、 电流信号进行釆样， 将釆样到的信号 送入控制板， 与给定信号进行比较， P醫整流器控制板中的 PI调节器后，作为 控制信号输入给 DSP芯片的 P醫生成模块，通过改变控制脉冲的占空比来调节 充电电流或电压， 实现不同的充电模式。
本发明的保护范围不仅仅局限于上述实施例， 以上为本发明的优选实施例， 并不局限于发明本身，任何对本发明的 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电的电动汽 车充电系统及设备中各个部件模块所做的等值替换、 修改、 删除， 均在本发明 所保护的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
、 一种电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 包括整流模块与充电模 块， 整流模块分别与交流电网和充电模块相连接， 其特征在于： 所述的充 电系统还包括直流充电管理模块， 其中充电模块至少包含直流输入模块和 直流输出模块； 所述的整流模块、 直流输入模块、 直流输出模块与直流充 电管理模块都为相互独立的模块， 并通过网络总线联系在一起；
整流模块对由电源输入的交流电进行整流并经滤波后， 形成稳定的直流输 出电压， 提供给后续直流输出模块中的变换模块；
直流输入模块实现对直流电流进行计量、 对直流供电进行控制、 对直流输 入输出进行安全防护；
直流输出模块实现与车载能量管理系统通信， 进行输出功率变换， 配合输 出蓄电池充电所需电压及电流；
直流充电管理模块实现人机交互， 用于界面显示、 身份识别、 费用收取、 票据打印、 数据管理、 控制电流断续、 远程监控。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的整流模块包含变压器、 整流器、 控制部分、 开关电源、 接 触器或断路器； 接触器或断路器与变压器对主电源输入输出进行隔离和电 压的升降， 整流器完成电源由交流到直流的转换， 控制部分生成整流器所 需的 P醫脉冲信号， 完成对功率器件的控制及各种逻辑保护， 开关电源提 供控制所需的各个等级的电压。
、 根据权利要求 2所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的变压器釆用环氧树脂浇注干式变压器， 一次侧和二次侧均 釆用星形连接， 变压器的一次侧连接交流电网， 二次侧连接整流器的输入 端； 所述的整流器是 P醫整流器， P醫整流器实现变压器交流电网侧电流 权 利 要 求 书
为正弦、 功率因数可控、 电能双向传输。
、 根据权利要求 2所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的控制部分中还包括控制器和 P醫整流器控制板， P醫整流 器控制板为由电流内环、 电压外环构成的双闭环控制系统， 以 DSP作为主 控制芯片， 釆用电压空间矢量调制算法对输入电流、 输出电压进行控制， 实现变压器交流电网侧的电流正弦化、 单位功率因数和直流输出电压恒定 的功能； 控制器则用于实现人机交互界面， 釆用主从式 RS485 总线与 P醫 整流器控制板进行通讯， 发送运行指令给 P醫整流器控制板， 控制 P醫整 流器运行并获得 PWM整流器的运行状态和参数。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的直流输入模块中至少包含功率控制部分、 充电电能计量模 块、 控制板与控制电源板。
、 根据权利要求 5所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的功率控制部分釆用接触器和保护器件实现， 使整流后的电 路与后级电路安全隔离且可被控制，其控制信号来自于直流充电管理模块； 充电电能计量模块釆用高精度传感器对电压、 电流进行釆样， 对充电电能 进行计量， 并通过 RS-485通讯接口将电能数据上传给直流充电管理模块； 控制板釆用 16位的 DSP作为主控芯片的单片机， 完成通讯与驱动功能； 控 制电源板釆用多个集成化的电源模块，将 220V交流电源电压转换为多种不 同等级的直流电源电压， 为控制板、 传感器提供稳定的工作电源。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的直流输出模块中至少包含直流变换模块、 控制板与控制电 源板。 权 利 要 求 书
、 根据权利要求 7所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的直流变换模块中釆用双向 DC-DC变换器， 实现对电动汽车 蓄电池的多种模式充电， 包含有恒压限流充电、 恒流限压充电、 三阶段充 电、 脉冲间歇充电、 正负脉冲充电充电模式， 多种充电模式进行自由选择； 控制板釆用 16位单片机作为主控芯片， 完成通讯、 驱动的功能； 控制电源 板釆用多个集成化的电源模块，将 220V交流电源电压转换为多种不同等级 的直流电源电压， 为控制板提供稳定的工作电源。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的直流充电管理模块包括嵌入式控制器、 显示屏、 射频卡读 卡器、 CAN 通信卡、 远程监控通信扩展卡与微型打印机； 直流充电管理模 块作为充电系统的控制中心，通过 CAN或 RS-485总线与各个模块进行联系 , 向各个模块发出各类工作指令、 接收模块各类反馈信息， 协调模块间的工 作时序和逻辑。
0、 根据权利要求 9所述的电动汽车 P醫整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的直流充电管理模块通过射频卡读卡器读取用户信息， 并显 示 IC卡信息， 提示用户正确连接充电插头， 选择充电时间、 充电方式， 并 确认启动充电； 在充电过程中， 嵌入式控制器定时获取电量数据， 当达到 用户设置的充电时间或充电电量时， 发送停止充电指令给直流输入模块， 控制直流输入模块中的接触器执行动作， 切断电源， 并在显示屏上提示用 户充电结束， 用户拔下插头后， 进行付款、 查看消费信息、 打印票据的操 作。
PCT/CN2012/073982 2011-04-18 2012-04-13 电动汽车pwm整流及变压变流脉冲充电系统 WO2012142925A1 (zh)

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EP2701274A1 (en) 2014-02-26
EP2701274B1 (en) 2019-07-10
CN202019221U (zh) 2011-10-26

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