WO2012137895A1 - バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム - Google Patents
バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012137895A1 WO2012137895A1 PCT/JP2012/059440 JP2012059440W WO2012137895A1 WO 2012137895 A1 WO2012137895 A1 WO 2012137895A1 JP 2012059440 W JP2012059440 W JP 2012059440W WO 2012137895 A1 WO2012137895 A1 WO 2012137895A1
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- combustion
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- gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
- F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semi-carbonized fuel manufacturing apparatus and method using biomass and a power generation system using the semi-carbonized fuel.
- Biomass made from plant waste such as fir, straw, thinned wood, and waste wood produced in agriculture, forestry, etc. contains many fibers such as cellulose and lignin as its components. Moreover, the moisture content in biomass is usually about 20% or higher, which is higher than other fuels such as coal.
- biomass consisting of plant waste (hereinafter simply referred to as “biomass”) has been studied for use as a heat source such as a boiler as an alternative fuel to solid fuel typified by coal.
- biomass When biomass is used as fuel, CO 2 derived from biomass is again immobilized by the plant, and can be regarded as CO 2 free.
- CO 2 emissions can be reduced by simplifying the disposal of waste and reducing the amount of coal used.
- biomass As a solid fuel.
- One of the methods corresponding to the above problem is a method of producing a semi-carbonized fuel by thermally decomposing biomass in an atmosphere having a temperature of about 300 ° C. and less than 10% oxygen, a so-called semi-carbonized method.
- An example of the semi-carbonizing method is described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- biomass is thermally decomposed in an atmosphere having a low oxygen concentration and a temperature of about 300 ° C., thereby removing moisture and decomposing a fiber composed of lignin and cellulose.
- the solid fuel after pyrolysis has a reduced water content and an increased calorific value per unit mass. Since the fiber is decomposed and becomes a component mainly composed of carbon, pressure crushing becomes easy.
- thermal decomposition at a low temperature of about 300 ° C. a part of the volatile matter remains in the solid fuel, and the ignitability is equivalent to that of coal.
- each of the methods has a feature regarding a heat source for pyrolyzing biomass.
- Patent Document 1 a heat source necessary for semi-carbonization is secured by using exhaust gas generated from cement firing equipment. That is, it is assumed that cement burning equipment provided outside the semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus is used as combustion equipment, and high-temperature exhaust gas generated in this combustion equipment is used. As described above, providing a heat source outside the production apparatus for semi-carbonized fuel increases the scale and production cost of the apparatus, which is a great restriction on the installation of the apparatus.
- the present invention has an object to provide an apparatus and a method for producing a semi-carbonized fuel for biomass, which does not require an external heat source and can suppress adhesion of tar, condensed water and the like to piping.
- the biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus has the following characteristics.
- a drying apparatus for heating and drying biomass a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing the biomass dried by the drying apparatus, and a combustion apparatus for supplying heat for heating to the drying apparatus and the thermal decomposition apparatus .
- the pyrolysis device is supplied with a part of the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion device, and directly mixes the supplied combustion exhaust gas with the biomass to heat and thermally decompose the biomass and generate heat
- a mixed gas of the cracked gas and the combustion exhaust gas used for heating is configured to be supplied to the combustion device.
- the combustion device is configured to be supplied with combustion air, burn the supplied mixed gas, and generate the combustion exhaust gas.
- the block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the semi-carbonized fuel of biomass by the 1st Embodiment of this invention The block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the semi-carbonized fuel of biomass by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- the block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the semi-carbonized fuel of biomass by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention The block diagram which shows the modification of the manufacturing apparatus of the semi-carbonized fuel of biomass by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus is simply referred to as “production apparatus”.
- production apparatus The method for producing a semi-carbonized fuel of biomass is simply referred to as “manufacturing method”.
- the production apparatus comprises a drying apparatus for heating and drying biomass (hereinafter referred to as “raw material biomass”) made of plant waste such as fir, straw, thinned wood, and waste wood, and drying with the drying apparatus.
- raw material biomass made of plant waste such as fir, straw, thinned wood, and waste wood
- a thermal decomposition apparatus that thermally decomposes the biomass (hereinafter referred to as “dry biomass”), and a combustion apparatus that supplies heat for heating to the drying apparatus and the thermal decomposition apparatus.
- exhaust gas A part of combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas”) generated in the combustion apparatus is supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus.
- the thermal decomposition apparatus heats and drys the dried biomass by directly mixing the supplied exhaust gas with the dried biomass.
- a mixed gas of pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of dry biomass and exhaust gas used for heating (hereinafter simply referred to as “mixed gas”) is supplied to the combustion device and combusted.
- the combustion device is supplied with combustion air, burns the supplied mixed gas, and generates exhaust gas. It is also possible to use a combustor having a catalyst component supported on the surface of the combustion apparatus.
- the drying device supplies a gas component (hereinafter referred to as “dry separation gas”) generated when the raw material biomass is dried to the combustion device.
- dry separation gas a gas component generated when the raw material biomass is dried
- an ejector device for supplying the mixed gas from the thermal decomposition device to the combustion device.
- the ejector device uses at least one of dry separated gas and combustion air as a drive source.
- a plurality of combustion devices are provided.
- Each of the combustion devices is supplied with a mixed gas and combustion air.
- exhaust gas generated in some combustion devices is supplied to the thermal decomposition device, and exhaust gas generated in the remaining combustion devices is supplied to the drying device.
- the biomass itself (the pyrolysis gas of biomass) is used as a heat source necessary for semi-carbonization of the biomass, so that it is not necessary to provide a heat source (combustion device) outside.
- the pyrolysis of biomass is usually performed in an atmosphere having a temperature of about 300 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of 10% or less.
- a direct heating method is used in which dry biomass and exhaust gas are directly mixed inside the pyrolysis apparatus to heat the dry biomass.
- the direct heating method has higher heat transfer efficiency than the indirect heating method using other heat transfer media, and can reduce the heat transfer area and volume of the thermal decomposition apparatus. In addition, heat is difficult to escape and heat efficiency is high.
- Some of the pyrolysis components of biomass have a low vapor pressure and condense as the temperature decreases, becoming liquid or solid, so-called tar or condensed water.
- tar or condensed water adheres to the partition walls or heat transfer surfaces, the components contained in these deposits grow on the partition walls, heat transfer surfaces, or pipes, and shrink or block the flow path. It becomes.
- the direct heating method the area and volume of the heat transfer surface where the temperature tends to decrease can be reduced, and the length of the piping can also be shortened. Is less likely to occur.
- the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device is sent to the combustion device together with the exhaust gas and burned. For this reason, the use of other fuels can be reduced in the combustion apparatus, and the fuel cost can be reduced.
- the calorific value is low.
- a catalytic combustion method using a combustor having a catalyst component supported on the surface is adopted for the combustion device, a combustion reaction can be promoted by a catalytic action on a mixed gas having a low calorific value, which is desirable for stable combustion.
- a catalyst is heated to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, a component that brings about the catalytic action volatilizes or reacts and its activity decreases.
- the combustion apparatus of the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method according to the present invention combusts a mixed gas having a low calorific value including exhaust gas, so that a high temperature portion of 1000 ° C. or higher is hardly generated on the surface of the catalyst, and is suitable for the catalytic combustion method.
- the dry separation gas discharged from the drying apparatus is water whose main component is separated from biomass, but includes flammable gas and odor components with high vapor pressure.
- the odor component can be decomposed by the combustion reaction.
- the reaction heat of combustible gas can be used effectively.
- the manufacturing apparatus it is desirable to use an ejector apparatus using air or the like as a drive source.
- a rotating part such as a blower is not required to send the mixed gas to the combustion device. For this reason, the mixed gas has no part in contact with the solid other than the partition walls constituting the flow path and the ejector device.
- the production apparatus uses the ejector device to eliminate the rotating portion in the mixed gas flow path, the partition wall constituting the flow path and the ejector apparatus is kept warm to prevent tar and condensed water from adhering to the partition wall. If it does, it will become possible to suppress adhesion of tar and condensed water to a manufacturing device.
- the air used as a drive source of an ejector apparatus is utilized as a combustion support gas of a mixed gas in a combustion apparatus. Since mixing of air and mixed gas is promoted in the ejector device, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a local high temperature inside the combustion device.
- the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method according to the present invention it is desirable to include a plurality of combustion apparatuses.
- the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged is changed, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is changed.
- the exhaust gas with a high oxygen concentration has a low temperature
- the amount of exhaust gas can be increased. Therefore, it is suitable for a drying apparatus that requires a heat source having a temperature of about 100 to 200 ° C.
- an externally heated drying apparatus such as a rotary kiln
- the exhaust gas after heat transfer is discharged from the chimney to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus
- the amount of exhaust gas is large, so the temperature drop is reduced. For this reason, corrosion of materials, such as piping and a drying apparatus accompanying the condensation of the water
- the unburned component contained in the exhaust gas easily reacts with oxygen. Since the unburned component contained in the exhaust gas decreases by reacting with oxygen, the unburned component discharged from the manufacturing apparatus can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a drying device 10, a thermal decomposition device 11, a pellet manufacturing device 12, a combustion device 13, and a chimney 21 as main components. These devices are connected by ducts 14 to 19, 24, and 25.
- the thick line indicates the flow of solid matter originating from the raw material biomass
- the thin line indicates the flow of gas components such as air and exhaust gas.
- Raw material biomass 1 made of plant waste such as fir, straw, thinned wood, and waste wood is heated by a drying device 10 and dried to produce dry biomass 2 separated from water and raw biomass.
- the dried biomass 2 is heated in an atmosphere having a temperature of about 300 ° C. and an oxygen concentration of 10% or less by the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 and thermally decomposed, and so-called semi-carbonization treatment is performed.
- the biomass after semi-carbonization (hereinafter referred to as “semi-carbonized fuel”) 4 generally has a moisture content of 5% or less and a calorific value similar to that of coal. For this reason, compared with the raw material biomass 1, even if it is stored for a long period of time, it is unlikely to be altered by microorganisms, and the transportation cost is low. Further, fiber such as lignin and cellulose, which are components of biomass, is decomposed by the semi-carbonization treatment, and becomes a component mainly composed of carbon.
- the semi-carbonized fuel 4 is easily pulverized under pressure like coal, the pulverization is improved, and the pulverization efficiency is the same as that of coal.
- the semi-carbonized fuel 4 can be used as a heat source such as a boiler as in the case of coal.
- the powdered semi-carbonized fuel 4 is processed into pellets (hereinafter referred to as “semi-carbonized pellet fuel”) 5 by a pellet manufacturing apparatus 12 in order to improve handling properties, Shipped from manufacturing equipment.
- combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter simply referred to as “exhaust gas”) 6 generated by the combustion apparatus 13 is used as the heat source of the drying apparatus 10 and the thermal decomposition apparatus 11.
- the combustion apparatus 13 is connected to the drying apparatus 10 and the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 via ducts 14 to 16, 19, and 24.
- the exhaust gas 6 is divided into exhaust gas 6a supplied from the combustion device 13 to the thermal decomposition device 11 via the ducts 14 and 15, and exhaust gas 6b supplied from the combustion device 13 to the drying device 10 via the ducts 14 and 16. It is done.
- the exhaust gas 6a and the dry biomass 2 are directly mixed.
- the dry biomass 2 is heated by the exhaust gas 6a and pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas.
- the pyrolysis gas and the exhaust gas 6a are discharged from the pyrolysis apparatus 11 as a mixed gas 7.
- the mixed gas 7 of the pyrolysis gas and the exhaust gas 6 a is supplied to the combustion device 13 through the duct 24 and the blower 20, and becomes a heat source for the combustion device 13.
- the pyrolysis gas generated from biomass (dry biomass 2) as a heat source for the combustion device 13
- the amount of other fuel used can be reduced, and the production cost of the semi-carbonized pellet fuel 5 as a product is suppressed. it can.
- the calorific value of the mixed gas 7 is about 4 MJ / m3n, which is lower than that of natural gas (low calorific value of about 40 MJ / m3n).
- the exhaust gas 6b supplied to the drying apparatus 10 is supplied to the outside of the drying apparatus 10 and is heat-exchanged with the raw material biomass 1 by indirect heat transfer through the partition walls.
- heat exchange is performed by indirect heat transfer, the amount of dry separation gas 3 can be reduced.
- the exhaust gas 6b heat-exchanged with the drying apparatus 10 passes through the ducts 17 and 18 and is discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus. Further, a part of the exhaust gas 6 generated by the combustion device 13 can be directly discharged from the chimney 21 through the duct 18.
- the dry separation gas 3 generated by the drying apparatus 10 is mainly composed of moisture generated from the raw material biomass 1 and partially includes a pyrolysis component and an odor component having a high vapor pressure. For this reason, it is desirable to send the dry separation gas 3 to the combustion device 13 through the duct 19 and the blowers 22 and 20 and to burn them. By burning the dry separated gas 3, the odor component can be decomposed by using the combustion heat of the thermal decomposition component.
- Combustion air 8 is also supplied to the combustion device 13.
- the combustion air 8 is pressurized by the blower 23, partly sent to the blower 20 through the duct 25, and partly sent to the fuel device 13 and the duct 14.
- a direct heating method is used in which the dry biomass 2 and the exhaust gas 6 are directly mixed inside the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 and the dry biomass 2 is heated.
- the direct heating method has higher heat transfer efficiency than the indirect heating method using other heat transfer media, and can reduce the heat transfer area and volume of the thermal decomposition apparatus. In addition, heat is difficult to escape and heat efficiency is high.
- Some of the pyrolysis components of biomass have a low vapor pressure and condense as the temperature decreases, becoming liquid or solid, so-called tar or condensed water.
- tar or condensed water adheres to the partition walls or heat transfer surfaces, the components contained in these deposits grow on the partition walls, heat transfer surfaces, or pipes, and shrink or block the flow path. It becomes.
- the direct heating method the area and volume of the heat transfer surface where the temperature tends to decrease can be reduced, and the length of the piping can also be shortened. Is less likely to occur.
- the heat transfer efficiency is higher than when other heat transfer media are used, and the heat transfer area and volume of the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 can be reduced. Moreover, since heat is directly transferred, heat is difficult to escape and heat efficiency is high. Further, the pyrolysis gas (gas generated from the dried biomass 2) generated in the pyrolysis device 11 is sent to the combustion device 13 as the mixed gas 7 together with the exhaust gas 6a and burned. For this reason, the use of other fuels can be reduced in the combustion device 13, and the fuel cost can be reduced.
- catalytic combustor that employs a catalytic combustion method (hereinafter referred to as “catalytic combustor”) as the combustion device 13 of the manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the catalyst component supported on the surface promotes the combustion reaction.
- the catalyst component volatilizes or reacts at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and its activity decreases.
- the mixed gas 7 including the exhaust gas 6a having a low calorific value is combusted, it is difficult to generate a high-temperature portion of 1000 ° C. or higher on the surface of the catalyst, and the catalyst component is used for a long time. Can do.
- the combustion apparatus may be provided with a system for supplying fuel for starting and auxiliary combustion.
- the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis apparatus 11 varies depending on the properties of the raw material biomass 1 and the properties required for the semi-carbonized pellet fuel 5 that is a product, but is generally a temperature at which the fibers in the biomass can be decomposed. It is about 250 to 350 ° C.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same or common elements as those in the first embodiment, and description of these elements is omitted.
- the thick line indicates the flow of solids originating from the raw material biomass
- the thin line indicates the flow of gas components such as air and exhaust gas.
- illustration of a feeder for transferring a solid object, a damper used for adjusting a flow rate of a gas component, and the like is omitted.
- the combustion apparatus can be provided with a system for supplying fuel for starting and auxiliary combustion.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an ejector device 30 is installed in a duct connecting the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 and the combustion apparatus 13, and the mixed gas 7 discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 is supplied to the combustion apparatus 13.
- the ejector device 30 is used for supplying.
- the ejector device 30 is a device that induces a low pressure by Bernoulli's theorem by generating a high-speed air flow inside, and sucks the gas by this low pressure.
- the combustion air 8 and the dry separation gas 3 are used after being pressurized by the blower 22. Either the combustion air 8 or the dry separation gas 3 may be used as a drive source, or both the combustion air 8 and the dry separation gas 3 may be used as a drive source.
- the pressurized combustion air 8 and dry separation gas 3 are ejected by a high-speed air stream, and the mixed gas 7 is entrained.
- the mixing of the combustion air 8 and the mixed gas 7 is promoted and supplied to the combustion device 13 as a gas in which air and fuel are uniformly mixed.
- the local high temperature part and low temperature part resulting from the uneven distribution of a fuel are hard to be formed.
- generation of the unburned carbon monoxide which is easy to produce in a low temperature part can be suppressed.
- the ejector device 30 it is possible to send the mixed gas 7 to the combustion device 13 without having a rotating part such as a blower. For this reason, the mixed gas 7 has no portion in contact with the solid other than the partition walls constituting the flow path (duct 24) and the ejector device 30.
- Some of the components of the pyrolysis gas of biomass in the mixed gas 7 have a low vapor pressure and condense into liquids and solids as the temperature decreases, so-called tar and condensed water. If tar or condensed water adheres to the partition wall or the like, it becomes an obstacle to the operation of the manufacturing apparatus such as reducing or closing the flow path. In particular, when tar adheres to a rotating part such as a blower, vibration or the like is generated. In addition, since the rotating part normally needs to be cooled, a special cooling mechanism is required to flow a mixed gas having a temperature of about 300 ° C.
- the use of the ejector device 30 eliminates the need for a rotating part in the flow path of the mixed gas 7. For this reason, if the partition which comprises a flow path and an ejector apparatus is kept warm and adhesion of tar and condensed water to this partition is prevented, it will become possible to suppress adhesion of tar and condensed water to a manufacturing apparatus. Therefore, it is possible to operate the manufacturing apparatus without stopping for a long period of time in order to remove deposits such as tar and condensed water.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same or common elements as those in the second embodiment, and the description of these elements is omitted.
- the thick line indicates the flow of solids originating from the raw material biomass
- the thin line indicates the flow of gas components such as air and exhaust gas.
- illustration of a feeder for transferring a solid object, a damper used for adjusting a flow rate of a gas component, and the like is omitted.
- the combustion apparatus can be provided with a system for supplying fuel for starting and auxiliary combustion.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes two combustion apparatuses 40 and 41 as shown in FIG.
- the combustion device 41 is provided on the downstream side of the combustion device 40 with respect to the flow of exhaust gas.
- the manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes two gas analyzers 53 and 54.
- the gas analyzer 53 is provided in the duct 15 through which the exhaust gas 50 discharged from the combustion device 40 passes, and the gas analyzer 54 is provided in the duct 16 through which the exhaust gas 51 discharged from the combustion device 41 passes.
- the combustion device 40 burns the mixed gas 7 and the combustion air 8 supplied from the ejector device 30 and discharges the exhaust gas 50. A part of the exhaust gas 50 is supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 11, and the rest is supplied to the combustion apparatus 41.
- the combustion device 41 burns a part of the exhaust gas 50 supplied from the combustion device 40 and the combustion air 8 supplied by the blower 23, and discharges the exhaust gas 51.
- a part of the exhaust gas 51 is supplied to the drying apparatus 10 and the remaining part is discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus. Further, the combustion apparatus 41 is supplied with the dry separated gas 3 from the drying apparatus 10 via the blower 22.
- Gas analyzers 53 and 54 measure the oxygen concentrations of the exhaust gases 50 and 51, respectively. Based on the measured oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas 50, 51, the flow rate of the combustion air 8 entering the combustion devices 40, 41 can be adjusted.
- the exhaust gas 50 emitted from the combustion device 40 is set to have a lower oxygen concentration than the exhaust gas 51 emitted from the combustion device 41.
- the exhaust gas 50 supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 has a lower oxygen concentration than the exhaust gas 51 supplied to the drying apparatus 10.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 0 to 2% for the exhaust gas 50 and 3 to 8% for the exhaust gas 51, so that the exhaust gas 50 and the exhaust gas 51 have an oxygen concentration difference of 1% or more.
- the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas 50 and the exhaust gas 51 is adjusted by the supply amount of the combustion air 8 supplied by the blower 23.
- the exhaust gas 50 with a low oxygen concentration has less excess air and a relatively high temperature. For this reason, it becomes a temperature suitable for the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 that requires thermal decomposition at a temperature of about 300 ° C.
- the oxygen concentration is low, the operation is less likely to be disturbed due to spontaneous ignition or the like in the thermal decomposition apparatus 11.
- the exhaust gas 51 having a high oxygen concentration has a large amount of gas and a relatively low temperature because it contains a lot of air. Therefore, a large amount of low-temperature gas can be supplied to the drying device 10. Furthermore, the temperature drop of the exhaust gas 51 accompanying heat transfer can be reduced while suppressing the generation of a local high temperature portion in the drying apparatus 10. For this reason, it can suppress that the dry separation gas 3 condenses again in the low temperature part in the drying apparatus 10, and becomes moisture. When condensed moisture is generated in the drying apparatus 10, the dried biomass 2 may be fixed and operation may be hindered. However, in the apparatus configuration according to the present embodiment, this possibility is reduced.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus is the exhaust gas 51 having a high oxygen concentration.
- the unburned matter contained in the exhaust gas 51 easily reacts with oxygen and decreases by reacting with oxygen. Therefore, the unburned matter in the exhaust gas discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus can be reduced.
- the combustion temperature decreases.
- the dry separation gas 3 is supplied to the combustion device 41 but not supplied to the combustion device 40.
- generated with the combustion apparatus 40 and supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 and the combustion apparatus 41 becomes high. Accordingly, the high-temperature exhaust gas 50 can be supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 and the combustion apparatus 41 can process odor components in the dry separated gas 3.
- a catalytic combustor When a catalytic combustor is used for the combustion devices 40 and 41, a highly heat-resistant catalyst that can be operated at a high temperature is used for the combustion device 40, and the combustion device 41 is compatible with a gas containing a large amount of water vapor. It is desirable to use a catalyst with high steam resistance. Specifically, for example, a catalyst that can be used at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher is used for the combustion device 40, and a water vapor amount can be used at a mass ratio of 5% or more with respect to the total gas amount for the combustion device 41. It is desirable to use a catalyst.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a modification of the biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus according to the present embodiment. 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 denote the same elements as those in FIG. 3, and the description of these elements is omitted.
- a part of the exhaust gas 50 emitted from the combustion apparatus 40 is supplied to the combustion apparatus 41.
- the production apparatus shown in FIG. 7 can be branched downstream of the ejector device 30 and supplied to the combustion devices 40 and 41 individually.
- the calorific value of the combustion gas (mixed gas 7) entering the combustion device 41 is divided into the configuration shown in FIG. 3 by branching the mixed gas 7 and individually supplying it to the combustion devices 40 and 41. It becomes higher than the manufacturing equipment. For this reason, in the case where combustion is performed using a burner without using a catalytic combustor in the combustion device 41, the local combustion temperature in the combustion device 41 increases if the configuration shown in FIG. It becomes easy to maintain.
- a catalytic combustor when used for the combustion device 41, it is preferable to use a part of the exhaust gas 50 emitted from the combustion device 40 as the combustion gas of the combustion device 41 as in the configuration shown in FIG.
- the combustion gas (a part of the exhaust gas 50) entering the combustion device 41 has a low calorific value, and it is difficult to form a local high-temperature portion in the combustion device 41, so that the combustion temperature is smoothed, which is desirable for maintaining the durability of the catalyst. .
- 3 and 4 includes two combustion devices 40 and 41, but the number of combustion devices is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- a manufacturing apparatus including three combustion apparatuses is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another modification of the biomass semi-carbonized fuel production apparatus according to this embodiment. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 denote the same elements as those in FIG. 3, and the description of these elements is omitted.
- the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 includes three combustion apparatuses 40, 41 and 42.
- the combustion device 41 is provided on the downstream side of the combustion device 40 with respect to the flow of exhaust gas, and the combustion device 42 is provided on the downstream side of the combustion device 41.
- the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 includes three gas analyzers 53, 54 and 55.
- the gas analyzer 53 is provided in the duct 15 through which the exhaust gas 50 discharged from the combustion device 40 passes.
- the gas analyzer 54 is provided in the duct 16 through which the exhaust gas 51 discharged from the combustion device 41 is passed. Is provided in the duct 16 through which the exhaust gas 52 discharged from the combustion device 42 passes.
- the combustion device 42 burns part of the exhaust gas 51 supplied from the combustion device 41 and the combustion air 8 supplied by the blower 23, and discharges the exhaust gas 52. A part of the exhaust gas 51 is supplied into the drying apparatus 10. Part of the exhaust gas 52 is supplied to the outside of the drying apparatus 10, and the remaining part is discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus. Further, the combustion apparatus 42 is supplied with the dry separated gas 3 output from the drying apparatus 10 via the blower 22.
- Gas analyzers 53 to 55 measure the oxygen concentrations of exhaust gases 50 to 52, respectively. Based on the measured oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas 50 to 52, the flow rate of the combustion air 8 entering the combustion devices 40 to 42 can be adjusted.
- the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 also discharges exhaust gas with a high oxygen concentration from the downstream combustion apparatus (combustion apparatuses 41 and 42 that supply exhaust gas to the drying apparatus 10).
- the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas 50 to 52 is set. That is, the exhaust gas 50 supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 11 has a lower oxygen concentration than the exhaust gases 51 and 52 supplied to the drying apparatus 10.
- the exhaust gas 52 with a high oxygen concentration is discharged from the combustion device 42, and the exhaust gas 52 can be discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus.
- the oxygen concentration of exhaust gas discharged from each combustion apparatus is set to be lower than the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas supplied to the drying device 10, and the combustion device (the exhaust gas is supplied to the drying device 10) on the downstream side. It is possible to discharge exhaust gas with a high oxygen concentration from the combustion apparatus to be supplied.
- a plurality of combustion devices are provided, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from each combustion device is set, and the exhaust gas having a high oxygen concentration is discharged from the chimney 21 to the outside of the manufacturing device, so that the unburned components in the exhaust gas and oxygen The reaction can be promoted, and unburned components discharged out of the production apparatus can be reduced.
- the gas analyzers 53 to 54 measure the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the flow rate of the combustion air 8 is adjusted based on the measured oxygen concentration.
- a difference in oxygen concentration at the outlet of the combustion apparatus can be provided without using a gas analyzer.
- the flow rates of the combustion air 8, the mixed gas 7, the exhaust gas 50, and the like entering the combustion device it is possible to measure the flow rates of the combustion air 8, the mixed gas 7, the exhaust gas 50, and the like entering the combustion device and provide a flow rate difference for each combustion device.
- the combustion air 8 is mixed in the combustion device 41. It becomes higher than the oxygen concentration. For this reason, by adjusting the flow rate ratio between the exhaust gas 50 entering the combustion device 41 and the combustion air 8, the oxygen concentration difference between the exhaust gases 50 and 51 exiting from the combustion devices 40 and 41 can be set.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the power generation system according to the present embodiment.
- the power generation system includes a biomass semi-carbonized fuel production device 62 and a power plant 65.
- the production apparatus 62 is an apparatus for producing a semi-carbonized fuel of biomass according to the present invention.
- the power plant 65 uses a solid fuel including a semi-carbonized fuel manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 62 as the fuel.
- the biomass 60 is collected in the manufacturing apparatus 62 by a collecting means 61 such as a truck.
- the production apparatus 62 produces the semi-carbonized fuel 63 by pyrolyzing the biomass 60. At this time, when the semi-carbonized fuel 63 is compressed into a pellet having a diameter of about 1 cm, it is less likely to be scattered than the powdered one, and the handling property as a fuel is improved.
- Semi-carbonized fuel 63 is transported to power plant 65 by means of transport 64 such as a ship.
- the semi-carbonized fuel 63 is used as a fuel for power generation together with coal or the like.
- the utilization amount of coal can be reduced by using the semi-carbonized fuel 63.
- the semi-carbonized fuel 63 is derived from biomass, and the CO 2 derived from biomass is again immobilized by the plant, so that it can be regarded as CO 2 free. Furthermore, the amount of CO 2 emitted from the power plant 65 can be reduced by simplifying the disposal of waste and reducing the amount of coal used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- バイオマスを加熱して乾燥させる乾燥装置と、前記乾燥装置で乾燥させた前記バイオマスを熱分解する熱分解装置と、前記乾燥装置と前記熱分解装置に加熱用の熱を供給する燃焼装置とを備えるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記熱分解装置は、前記燃焼装置で発生した燃焼排ガスの一部が供給され、供給された前記燃焼排ガスを前記バイオマスと直接混合することで、前記バイオマスを加熱して熱分解し、発生した熱分解ガスと加熱に用いた前記燃焼排ガスとの混合気体を前記燃焼装置に供給するように構成され、
前記燃焼装置は、燃焼用空気が供給され、供給された前記混合気体を燃焼し、前記燃焼排ガスを発生するように構成される、
ことを特徴とするバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記乾燥装置は、前記燃焼装置で発生した前記燃焼排ガスの一部が供給され、供給された前記燃焼排ガスのうち、一部を前記バイオマスと直接混合し、残りを間接伝熱で前記バイオマスと熱交換させ、発生したガスを前記燃焼装置に供給するバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1または2記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記燃焼装置には、表面に触媒成分が担持された燃焼器を用いるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1から3の何れか1項記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記混合気体を前記熱分解装置から前記燃焼装置に供給するエゼクタ装置を備え、
前記エゼクタ装置は、前記乾燥装置で発生したガスと前記燃焼用空気の少なくとも一方を駆動源として利用するバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1から4の何れか1項記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記燃焼装置を複数備え、
前記燃焼装置の各々は、前記混合気体と前記燃焼用空気が供給され、
複数の前記燃焼装置のうち、一部の燃焼装置で発生した燃焼排ガスを前記熱分解装置に供給し、残りの燃焼装置で発生した燃焼排ガスを前記乾燥装置に供給するバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1から4の何れか1項記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記燃焼装置を複数備え、複数の前記燃焼装置は、排ガスの流れについて自らの上流側にある前記燃焼装置から前記燃焼排ガスが供給され、自らの下流側にある前記燃焼装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給し、
最も上流側にある前記燃焼装置は、前記混合気体と前記燃焼用空気が供給され、前記燃焼排ガスのうち一部を前記熱分解装置に供給し、
最も上流側にある前記燃焼装置より下流側にある前記燃焼装置は、前記燃焼用空気が供給され、前記燃焼排ガスのうち一部を前記乾燥装置に供給するバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項5または6記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
複数の前記燃焼装置の各々には、表面に触媒成分が担持された燃焼器を用い、
前記熱分解装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給する前記燃焼装置には、温度800℃以上で使用可能な触媒を使用した前記燃焼器を用い、
前記乾燥装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給する前記燃焼装置には、水蒸気量が全体のガス量に対する質量比で5%以上で使用可能な触媒を使用した前記燃焼器を用いるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - バイオマスを加熱して乾燥させる乾燥工程と、前記乾燥工程で乾燥させた前記バイオマスを熱分解する熱分解工程と、前記乾燥工程と前記熱分解工程に用いる熱を生成する燃焼工程とを備えるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法において、
前記熱分解工程は、前記燃焼工程で発生した燃焼排ガスの一部を前記バイオマスと直接混合することで、前記バイオマスを加熱して熱分解し、発生した熱分解ガスと加熱に用いた前記燃焼排ガスとを混合して混合気体を生成し、
前記燃焼工程は、燃焼用空気と前記混合気体を燃焼し、発生した前記燃焼排ガスのうち、一部を前記熱分解工程に使用し、残りを前記乾燥工程に使用し、
前記熱分解工程で使用する前記燃焼排ガスの酸素濃度を、前記乾燥工程で使用する前記燃焼排ガスの酸素濃度よりも低く設定する、
ことを特徴とするバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法。 - 燃料として、請求項1から7の何れか1項記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置で製造した半炭化燃料を用いることを特徴とする発電システム。
- 燃料として、請求項8記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法により製造した半炭化燃料を用いることを特徴とする発電システム。
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US9494313B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
JP5584647B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
AU2012239182B2 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
AU2012239182A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2695931B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
US20140026791A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
EP2695931A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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JP2012219176A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
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