JP5584647B2 - バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム - Google Patents
バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims description 123
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 258
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 221
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 fir Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
- F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
Description
Claims (8)
- バイオマスを加熱して乾燥させる乾燥装置と、前記乾燥装置で乾燥させた前記バイオマスを熱分解する熱分解装置と、前記乾燥装置と前記熱分解装置に加熱用の熱を供給する燃焼装置とを備えるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記乾燥装置は、前記燃焼装置で発生した燃焼排ガスの一部が供給され、供給された前記燃焼排ガスのうち、一部を前記バイオマスと直接混合し、残りを間接伝熱で前記バイオマスと熱交換させ、発生したガスを前記燃焼装置に供給し、
前記熱分解装置は、前記燃焼装置で発生した前記燃焼排ガスの一部が供給され、供給された前記燃焼排ガスを前記バイオマスと直接混合することで、前記バイオマスを加熱して熱分解し、発生した熱分解ガスと加熱に用いた前記燃焼排ガスとの混合気体を前記燃焼装置に供給し、
前記燃焼装置は、燃焼用空気が供給され、前記熱分解装置から供給された前記混合気体と前記乾燥装置から供給された前記ガスとを燃焼し、前記燃焼排ガスを発生する、
ことを特徴とするバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - バイオマスを加熱して乾燥させる乾燥装置と、前記乾燥装置で乾燥させた前記バイオマスを熱分解する熱分解装置と、前記乾燥装置と前記熱分解装置に加熱用の熱を供給する燃焼装置とを備えるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記熱分解装置は、前記燃焼装置で発生した燃焼排ガスの一部が供給され、供給された前記燃焼排ガスを前記バイオマスと直接混合することで、前記バイオマスを加熱して熱分解し、発生した熱分解ガスと加熱に用いた前記燃焼排ガスとの混合気体を前記燃焼装置に供給し、
前記燃焼装置を複数備え、複数の前記燃焼装置は、排ガスの流れについて自らの上流側にある前記燃焼装置から前記燃焼排ガスが供給され、自らの下流側にある前記燃焼装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給し、
最も上流側にある前記燃焼装置は、燃焼用空気が供給され、前記熱分解装置から供給された前記混合気体を燃焼し、前記燃焼排ガスを発生し、発生した前記燃焼排ガスのうち一部を前記熱分解装置に供給し、
最も上流側にある前記燃焼装置より下流側にある前記燃焼装置は、燃焼用空気が供給され、前記熱分解装置から供給された前記混合気体を燃焼し、前記燃焼排ガスを発生し、発生した前記燃焼排ガスのうち一部を前記乾燥装置に供給することを特徴とするバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項2に記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記熱分解装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給する前記燃焼装置には、温度800℃以上で使用可能な触媒を使用した燃焼器を用いるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項2に記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記乾燥装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給する前記燃焼装置は、前記乾燥装置で発生したガスが供給され、供給されたこのガスを燃焼するバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項4に記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置において、
前記乾燥装置に前記燃焼排ガスを供給する前記燃焼装置には、水蒸気量が全体のガス量に対する質量比で5%以上で使用可能な触媒を使用した燃焼器を用いるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置。 - バイオマスを加熱して乾燥させる乾燥工程と、前記乾燥工程で乾燥させた前記バイオマスを熱分解する熱分解工程と、前記乾燥工程と前記熱分解工程に用いる熱を生成する燃焼工程とを備えるバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法において、
前記乾燥工程は、前記燃焼工程で発生した燃焼排ガスの一部を使用し、使用する前記燃焼排ガスのうち、一部を前記バイオマスと直接混合し、残りを間接伝熱で前記バイオマスと熱交換させ、
前記熱分解工程は、前記燃焼工程で発生した前記燃焼排ガスの一部を前記バイオマスと直接混合することで、前記バイオマスを加熱して熱分解し、発生した熱分解ガスと加熱に用いた前記燃焼排ガスとを混合して混合気体を生成し、
前記燃焼工程は、燃焼用空気と前記熱分解工程で生成した前記混合気体と前記乾燥工程で発生したガスとを燃焼し、発生した前記燃焼排ガスのうち、一部を前記熱分解工程に使用し、残りを前記乾燥工程に使用し、
前記熱分解工程で使用する前記燃焼排ガスの酸素濃度を、前記乾燥工程で使用する前記燃焼排ガスの酸素濃度よりも低く設定する、
ことを特徴とするバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法。 - 燃料として、請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置で製造した半炭化燃料を用いることを特徴とする発電システム。
- 燃料として、請求項6に記載のバイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造方法により製造した半炭化燃料を用いることを特徴とする発電システム。
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JP2011085912A JP5584647B2 (ja) | 2011-04-08 | 2011-04-08 | バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム |
PCT/JP2012/059440 WO2012137895A1 (ja) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-04-06 | バイオマスの半炭化燃料の製造装置と製造方法、及び半炭化燃料を用いた発電システム |
AU2012239182A AU2012239182B9 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-04-06 | Apparatus and method for producing semi-carbonized fuel of biomass, and power generation system using semi-carbonized fuel |
US14/110,340 US9494313B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-04-06 | Device and method for manufacturing semi-carbonized fuel of biomass, and power generation system using semi-carbonized fuel |
EP12767255.8A EP2695931B1 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-04-06 | Apparatus and method for producing semi-carbonized fuel of biomass, and method forusing semi-carbonized fuel in a power generation system |
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