WO2012116608A1 - 电动车及其换电系统和此换电系统的控制方法 - Google Patents

电动车及其换电系统和此换电系统的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012116608A1
WO2012116608A1 PCT/CN2012/071421 CN2012071421W WO2012116608A1 WO 2012116608 A1 WO2012116608 A1 WO 2012116608A1 CN 2012071421 W CN2012071421 W CN 2012071421W WO 2012116608 A1 WO2012116608 A1 WO 2012116608A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
electric vehicle
fixing device
support frame
sensing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/071421
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梅声
Original Assignee
广州市赛导电气技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2011200540266U external-priority patent/CN202016454U/zh
Priority claimed from CN2011101138994A external-priority patent/CN102211517B/zh
Application filed by 广州市赛导电气技术有限公司 filed Critical 广州市赛导电气技术有限公司
Publication of WO2012116608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012116608A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0461—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from the side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0494—Removal or replacement of the energy storages with arrangements for sliding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, and in particular to an electric vehicle and a power exchange system thereof and a control method of the same.
  • Electric vehicles use electricity as an energy source and are green vehicles.
  • vehicles that use electric power as an energy source such as electric cars, electric buses, and electric racing cars.
  • Electric vehicles use batteries to power electric vehicles. Since the electric energy stored in the battery is constant, the electric vehicle can travel a limited distance without charging.
  • charging stations that are set up to charge electric vehicles on the roadside.
  • the charging station is equivalent to a gas station of an ordinary automobile. When the battery of the electric vehicle is out of power or is running out of power, the electric vehicle can charge the battery in the charging station; when the battery is fully charged, the electric vehicle can continue to drive.
  • the prior art electric vehicle cannot perform energy replenishment as efficiently as an ordinary fuel automobile. That is to say, the prior art method of charging an electric vehicle has a long time, low efficiency, and affects the use efficiency of the electric vehicle, and is a bottleneck for the widespread application of electric vehicles.
  • the rapid charging technology has been developed, it has a great destructive effect on the battery, which is not conducive to the periodic detection, maintenance and maintenance of the battery, and also affects the service life of the battery. This obviously also increases the cost of using electric vehicles.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide an electric vehicle changing system capable of quickly replacing a battery for an electric vehicle, a control method thereof, and a power exchange system capable of being replaced by the electric vehicle changing system.
  • Electric car capable of quickly replacing a battery for an electric vehicle, a control method thereof, and a power exchange system capable of being replaced by the electric vehicle changing system. Electric car.
  • An electric vehicle changing system for replacing a battery mounted on a battery fixing device of an electric vehicle, comprising: a first sensing device for sensing whether the position of the electric vehicle reaches a preset position; and fixing the battery for sensing the electric vehicle a third sensing device of a vertical height of the device; a support frame for supporting the fully charged battery and movable up and down, left and right; for pushing the fully charged battery located on the support frame to the battery fixing device a pushing device; a battery receiving device for receiving a depleted battery that is pushed and removed from a battery fixing device of the electric vehicle; the pressing device and the battery receiving device are fixedly coupled to the support frame, The pushing device, the support frame and the battery receiving device are arranged in a straight line, the pressing device is disposed at one end of the support frame, and the battery receiving device is disposed at the other end of the support frame; Controlling, according to the sensing signal of the third sensing device, the support frame to move upward to be at the same level as the battery fixing device, and controlling the support
  • the electric vehicle power changing system further includes an operating speed detecting device for detecting an operating speed of the electric vehicle, and an operating speed detecting signal output end of the running speed detecting device and an operating speed detecting signal of the control device The input is connected.
  • an operating speed detecting device for detecting an operating speed of the electric vehicle
  • an operating speed detecting signal output end of the running speed detecting device and an operating speed detecting signal of the control device The input is connected.
  • the pushing device, the support frame and the battery receiving device are arranged along a straight line in which the electric vehicle runs in the direction of travel. That is, the method of changing the battery before and after.
  • the electric vehicle power conversion system further includes a second sensing device for detecting a lateral position of the battery fixing device of the electric vehicle, and a second sensing device corresponding to the power exchange system structure of the front and rear battery replacement;
  • the sensing signal output is coupled to the second sensing signal input of the control device.
  • the electric vehicle power changing system further includes an electric vehicle lateral position adjusting device located behind the support frame;
  • the electric vehicle lateral position adjusting device comprises: a sliding plate for carrying the electric vehicle and movable front, rear, left and right; Adjusting rods for correcting the left and right positions of the slide plates respectively located on two sides of the sliding plate; the two adjusting rods are arranged in an inverted 'eight' shape on the horizontal plane; the slide control signal output end of the control device is The control signal input of the skateboard is connected.
  • the support frame is movably connected to an inclined rail disposed under the support frame.
  • the support frame is lifted and lowered by sliding on the inclined rail.
  • the power changing system of the electric vehicle further includes a charging area for charging the battery and a storage warehouse for storing the battery.
  • An electric vehicle compatible with the above-described power changing system comprising a vehicle body and a chassis, the chassis comprising a frame, a wheel and a power supply system, the power supply system comprising a battery fixing device fixed on the frame, a battery in the battery fixture that is slidable relative to the battery fixture, the two ends of the battery fixture being provided with an opening for the battery to slide out; the battery locking its position in the battery fixture by an electronic lock, The battery corresponds to a positive and negative pole of the battery fixture; the wheel is coupled to the power supply system by an electric motor.
  • the power-changing button is activated, the electronic lock of the fixed battery is released, and the battery is slidable in the battery fixing device.
  • the fully-charged battery supplied by the power-changing system can be pushed through one of the ports of the battery fixing device to push the original deficient battery in the battery fixing device to slide until the fully-charged battery completely enters the battery fixing device, and the original loss in the battery fixing device All the electric batteries slide out of the battery fixing device, that is, the power exchange process is completed, which is convenient and quick.
  • the replacement of the battery of the electric vehicle of the present invention can also be done manually, that is, by manually aligning the fully charged battery with the port of the battery fixing device, the original deficient battery in the battery fixing device is pushed out.
  • a sliding device is provided between the battery fixing device and the battery.
  • the sliding device is a sliding rail or a plurality of sliders disposed on the inner bottom plate of the battery fixing device, and the structure of the battery is matched with the interior of the battery fixing device.
  • the battery includes a battery unit and a standard case wrapped around the battery unit, the standard case locking its position in the battery fixture by an electronic lock.
  • the battery fixing device is a tubular structure or a ' ⁇ '-shaped structure
  • the battery is a strip structure or a block structure that cooperates with the inside of the battery fixing device.
  • the two end openings of the battery fixing device respectively advance and retreat toward the electric vehicle.
  • the battery electrodes are disposed on both sides, and the left and right inner sides of the battery fixing device are provided with strip electrodes that cooperate with the battery electrodes.
  • the battery electrodes are respectively disposed on two sides and an upper side of the battery, and the left and right inner sides of the battery fixing device are provided with strip electrodes that cooperate with electrodes on both sides of the battery, and the battery is fixed
  • the upper inner side of the device is provided with two arc-shaped elastic electrode electrodes arranged in an 'eight-shaped shape on the horizontal surface of the battery, and the fixed ends of the two elastic electrode are fixed on the inner sides of the battery fixing device.
  • the free end is tangent, and the upper electrode of the battery is inserted between the free ends of the shrapnel electrodes.
  • the chassis is provided with a battery handling mechanism for pushing the battery out and loading the battery fixture.
  • the front end of the front end of the battery fixing device is respectively provided with a shutter for closing the opening at both ends thereof and an electrode automatic closing device, and the electric vehicle is further provided with a control switch for controlling opening and closing of the shutter.
  • the frame comprises two brackets and two cross brackets, the two cross brackets being fixedly connected together.
  • the cross connection of the cross frame is located in the middle of the cross frame.
  • the cross frame is made of an elastic metal material.
  • the cross frame is made of a spring steel plate.
  • the electric vehicle chassis is provided with a power supply system, and the power supply system is fixed in the middle of the bracket.
  • the electric vehicle chassis is provided with two power supply systems, and the two power supply systems are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the middle of the bracket.
  • the electric vehicle chassis is provided with three power supply systems.
  • One of the three power supply systems is fixed in the middle of the bracket, and the other two power supply systems are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the middle of the bracket.
  • the power supply system may also be multiple, which is determined according to the type of different vehicles, and the present invention does not limit the power supply system only. 1 ⁇ 3.
  • a method for controlling an electric vehicle changing system as described above comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Initialization of the power-changing system: the support frame is located below the horizontal plane where the preset position of the electric vehicle is located, and the fully-charged battery is placed on the support frame;
  • Step 2 positioning the support frame: when the third sensing device senses the horizontal position of the battery fixing device, sending a sensing signal to the control device, and the controller controls the support frame to rise at the same level as the battery fixing device according to the sensing signal;
  • the sensing device senses that the position of the electric vehicle reaches the preset position
  • the sensing device sends a sensing signal to the control device
  • the control device controls the support frame to contact the battery fixing device according to the sensing signal sensed by the first sensing device and maintains the The relative position of the support frame and the battery fixing device is unchanged;
  • Step 3 Replacing the battery: the electric vehicle opens the electronic lock of the fixed battery, and the control device of the power exchange system controls the pushing device to push the full-charge battery placed on the support frame, so that the full-charge battery pushes the battery
  • the deficient battery on the fixed device and the depleted battery on the battery fixing device are pushed out; when the full battery is pushed out of the deficient battery on the battery fixing device, the battery receiving device is connected to the depleted battery that is pushed out from the battery fixing device Live, at this time, the battery to be replaced is replaced to the battery fixture;
  • Step 4 Support frame reset: The control device controls the support frame to descend to the initial position, so that the electric vehicle can pass through the support frame, and returns to step one to wait for the next power exchange process.
  • the support rack runs to a storage warehouse of the charged full-charge battery in the electric vehicle power-changing system, and the full-charge battery is mounted thereon.
  • the replaced depleted battery is transported to the charging area in the electric vehicle switching system for charging, and then stored in the fully charged battery warehouse.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has the beneficial effects that the electric vehicle of the present invention and the power exchange system used therewith and the control method of the power exchange system can realize rapid battery replacement, saving manpower and material resources, and improving The electric switching efficiency of electric vehicles.
  • the invention can better maintain and maintain the battery by replacing the battery, prolong the service life of the battery, and greatly save the use cost of the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle owner can also use the battery by renting the battery instead of purchasing, which obviously further reduces the use cost.
  • the invention can also perform centralized charging on the replaced battery when the power is used, and does not occupy the power load during the peak period of the power.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle changing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the main structure of the electric vehicle changing system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the power supply system in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the power supply system of Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a second structure of the power supply system of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view showing a third structure of the power supply system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the battery of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first chassis of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second chassis of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third chassis of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a flow chart showing the control method of the power changing system of the present invention.
  • the electric vehicle changing system of the present invention is for replacing a battery mounted on the battery fixing device 221 of the electric vehicle, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
  • the method includes: a first sensing device 101 for sensing whether the position of the electric vehicle reaches the preset position; and a third sensing device for sensing the vertical height of the battery fixing device 221 of the electric vehicle.
  • a support frame 12 for supporting the fully-charged battery 11 and moving up and down, left and right, and a pushing device for pushing the fully-charged battery 11 on the support frame 12 to the battery fixture 221 a battery receiving device 14 for receiving a depleted battery that is pushed off from the battery fixing device 221 of the electric vehicle; the pushing device 13 and the battery receiving device 14 and the support frame 12
  • the fixed connection, the pushing device 13, the support frame 12 and the battery receiving device 14 are arranged along the running direction of the electric vehicle, and the pressing device 13 is disposed at the front end of the support frame 12, and the battery receiving device 14
  • the rear end of the support frame 12 is configured to control the support frame 12 to move upward to the same level as the battery fixture 221 according to the sensing signal of the third sensing device 103, according to the first sensing device.
  • Inductive sensing signal control support frame 12 maintains the relative position of the support frame 12 and the battery fixing device 221 after contact with the battery fixing device 221, and controls the pressing device 13 Pushing the full battery 11 and pushing out the depleted battery on the battery holder 221 and controlling the support 12 to the initial position of the control device 15; control device 15
  • the first sensing signal input end is connected to the sensing signal output end of the first sensing device 101, and the control frame 12 of the control device 15 controls the signal output end to be connected with the control signal input end of the support frame 12, and the control device
  • the push control signal output end of the 15 is connected to the push control signal input end of the pressing device 13, and the third sensing signal input terminal of the control device 15 and the third sensing device 103 The sensing signal output is connected.
  • the preset position can be set to be close to the support frame 12 as needed.
  • the initial state of the electric vehicle changing system of the present invention is: the support frame 12 is located in the battery fixing device of the electric vehicle 221 Below the water level, the fully charged battery 11 is placed on the support frame 12.
  • the above control method of the electric vehicle changing system includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Initialization of the power-changing system: The support frame 12 is located below the horizontal plane where the electric vehicle is preset, and the fully-charged battery 11 is placed on the support frame. 12
  • Step 2 Positioning the support frame 12:
  • the control device is 15 transmitting a sensing signal, and the controller controls the support frame 12 to rise at the same level as the battery fixing device 221 according to the sensing signal;
  • the sensing signal is sent to the control device 15, and the control device 15 controls the support frame 12 and the battery fixing device according to the sensing signal sensed by the first sensing device 101.
  • 221 contact and maintain the relative position of the support frame 12 and the battery fixture 221;
  • Step 3 Replace the battery: the electric vehicle opens the electronic lock of the fixed battery 222, the control device 15 controls the pushing device 13 pushes the support frame Fully charged battery on 12 11. Push the fully charged battery 11 backwards to push the deficient battery on the battery holder 221 and push out the deficient battery on the battery holder 221; when the full battery 11 After the defective battery on the battery fixing device 221 is pushed out, the battery receiving device 14 catches the defective battery pushed out from the battery fixing device 221, and at this time, the battery to be replaced is replaced with the battery fixing device 221 Upper
  • Step 4 Support frame 12 Reset: Control device 15 Control the support frame 12 to the initial position so that the electric vehicle can pass through the support frame 12 , return to step one and wait for the next power change process.
  • the support rack runs to the storage warehouse of the charged full-charge battery in the electric vehicle power-changing system, and the full-charge battery is mounted thereon.
  • the replaced depleted battery is transported to the charging area in the electric vehicle's power-exchange system for charging, and then stored in a fully-charged battery storage warehouse. Wait for the next power change.
  • the electric vehicle changing system of the present invention can realize rapid power change of the electric vehicle, and does not need to charge the electric vehicle battery at a specific charging station as in the prior art. Therefore, the electric vehicle changing system of the present invention can guarantee The rapid replacement of the battery of the electric vehicle improves the speed and efficiency of the supplementary energy of the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle power conversion system further includes an operation speed detecting device 104 for detecting an operating speed of the electric vehicle, and a running speed detecting device.
  • the output speed detection signal output terminal of 104 is connected to the operation speed detection signal input terminal of the control device 15.
  • the power-changing operation can be performed during the operation of the electric vehicle, and the running speed detecting device 104 It can be ensured that the speed of the support frame 12 in the forward direction of the electric vehicle is the same as the speed of the electric vehicle running, so that the two are relatively stationary, so that the support frame 12 is replaced when the electric vehicle changing system is replaced.
  • the support frame follows the electric vehicle at the same speed, just as the electric vehicle stops to perform the power exchange operation. In turn, the power exchange time is saved, and the operation of the electric vehicle is not affected.
  • the electric vehicle power changing system further includes a second sensing device 102 for detecting a lateral position of the battery fixture 221 of the electric vehicle; the control device The left and right movement of the support frame 30 is controlled according to the sensing signal of the second sensing device 80; the sensing signal output end of the second sensing device 102 and the control device 15 The second sensing signal input is connected.
  • the driver of the electric vehicle often cannot accurately align the battery fixing device 221 of the electric vehicle with the support frame 12 Therefore, by adding the second sensing device 102, the lateral position of the electric vehicle can be sensed by the second sensing device 102, and then the left and right movements of the support frame 12 are controlled by the control device 15, thereby causing the support frame 12 Accurately align the battery fixture 221 of the electric vehicle to improve the reliability of the electric vehicle switching system.
  • the electric vehicle changing system further includes an electric vehicle lateral position adjusting device 16 behind the support frame 12.
  • the electric vehicle lateral position adjusting device 16 includes: a sliding plate 161 for carrying the electric vehicle and moving forward and backward and left and right; and two adjusting rods for correcting the left and right positions of the sliding plate 161 on the two sides of the sliding plate 161 162; two adjusting rods 162 are arranged in an inverted 'eight' shape on the horizontal plane; the control signal output end of the sliding plate 161 of the control device 15 is connected to the control signal input end of the sliding plate 161.
  • Electric vehicle lateral position adjustment device 16 It is an adjustment of the lateral position of the electric vehicle when driving in the electric vehicle changing system. Specifically, when the electric vehicle changing system replaces the battery of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle first opens the sliding plate 161, and the adjusting rod is disposed on both sides of the sliding plate 161. 162, and the two adjusting rods 162 are arranged in an inverted 'eight-shaped shape on the horizontal plane. Therefore, when the sliding plate 161 drives the electric vehicle to move forward, if the sliding plate 161 is far away from the direction, the adjusting rods on both sides 162 will hinder the slide 161 to continue to move in the direction of deviation. The limit of the adjustment lever 162 can make the slide 161 run in the middle, thereby adjusting the lateral position of the electric vehicle and reducing the battery fixing device of the electric vehicle. 221 The deviation position from the support frame 12.
  • the support frame 12 of the present invention is movably coupled to an inclined rail disposed below it, and the support frame 12 is along the inclined rail 17 Slide to achieve lifting.
  • the inclined rail 17 is more flexible in lifting and lowering than the vertical lifting device commonly used in the prior art, and an inductive device can be provided, which causes the electric vehicle to hit the support frame due to the driver's misoperation.
  • the support frame 12 will descend rapidly along the inclined rails without being damaged by the electric vehicle. If it is a vertical lifting device, its lifting rod will be easily damaged by the electric vehicle and cannot reach the inclined rail. The same buffer protection effect.
  • the charging area of the electric vehicle changing system of the present invention is provided with a battery storage warehouse and a battery charging device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, including a chassis 20 and a body 23, and the chassis 20 includes a frame and a wheel. 21 and power supply system 22 .
  • the power supply system 22 includes a battery fixing device 221 fixed to the frame, and a battery 222 that is slidable relative to the battery fixing device 221 in the battery fixing device 221 Both ends of the battery fixing device 221 are provided with openings for the battery 222 to slide out.
  • the battery 222 is locked to the battery holder 221 by an electronic lock, and the electrode 224 of the battery 222 Corresponding to the positive and negative poles of the battery holder 221, the wheel 21 is connected to the power supply system 22 via the motor 23.
  • Battery holder 221 In the case of a cylindrical structure or a ' ⁇ '-shaped structure, the battery is a strip-like structure that cooperates with the inside of the battery fixture.
  • the battery may also be a block structure or other structure having a certain length, as long as the battery can be matched with the inner cavity structure of the battery fixing device, so that it can smoothly slide out from the battery fixing device without being stuck.
  • Battery holder The shape of the 221 is not limited thereto, and any device having a strip-like cavity is suitable as long as it can accommodate the battery and allows the battery to slide out from both ends.
  • the structure of the sliding device can be implemented in various forms, and can be a sliding rail 261 disposed on the inner bottom plate of the battery fixing device 221, and correspondingly, a corresponding sliding slot can be disposed at the bottom of the battery, as shown in FIG. And Figure 5 shows.
  • the slider 262 may also be a plurality of sliders 262 disposed on the inner bottom plate of the battery fixture 221, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the slider 262.
  • the upper end can also set the scrollable balls as needed.
  • the structure of the battery 222 is matched with the inside of the battery fixture 221 .
  • the sliding device may also be disposed on the battery 222. Multiple rollers at the bottom and are provided on the battery fixture 221 A chute (not shown) on the inner bottom plate that cooperates with the roller.
  • the position of the sliding device of the present invention can be set at any position between the battery and the battery fixing device, and is not limited to the above-mentioned arrangement at the bottom plate of the battery fixing device, for example, it can also be disposed in the battery fixing device. On either side of the 221, even the top. Obviously, having a sliding device will cause the battery to be in the battery fixture 221 The sliding in is smoother. Of course, other sliding devices can be used, or sliding can be achieved by providing a roller on the battery. As long as the friction between the battery and the battery fixture can be reduced.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention cooperates with the power exchange system, i.e., the pushing device 13 in the power changing system, the support frame 12, and the battery receiving device 14 Arranged along the running direction of the electric vehicle and the battery fixing device in the electric vehicle cooperate in the running direction of the vehicle to realize the method of changing the battery before and after, that is, the battery is pushed out from the battery fixing device along the forward or backward direction of the electric vehicle to realize replacement.
  • the power changing system is disposed on the lane of the electric vehicle to be replaced, and the pushing device is 13 and the support frame 12 are located at the front (or the rear of the vehicle), and correspondingly, the battery receiving device 14 Located at the rear of the car (or the front of the car).
  • such a power exchange structure does not occupy an additional lane, does not affect the passage of the side vehicles and the battery replacement operation of other lane vehicles, and can be set on the same wide road. Multiple power exchange systems, while changing the battery operation of vehicles in different lanes.
  • the present invention can still realize the automatic power changing operation.
  • a battery handling mechanism (not shown) for pushing and loading the battery into the battery fixture is disposed on the chassis of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery 222 electrode 272 On both sides, the left and right inner sides of the battery fixing device 221 are provided with strip electrodes 271 that cooperate with the battery electrodes.
  • the battery 222 electrodes 272 are respectively disposed on both sides and the upper side of the battery 222, and the battery fixing device A strip electrode 271 that matches the electrode 272 on both sides of the battery is disposed on the left and right sides of the 221, and the battery fixing device 221
  • the upper inner side is provided with two arcuate elastic electrodes 28 arranged in an 'eight-shaped shape on the horizontal plane matching the upper electrodes of the battery, and the fixed ends of the two elastic electrodes are fixed to the battery fixing device 221
  • the inner side and the free end of the battery are tangent, and the upper electrode 273 of the battery is inserted between the free ends of the shrapnel electrodes.
  • the structure of the battery is shown in Figure 9, which includes a battery unit 224 and a standard box 225 wrapped around the battery unit 224, a standard box. 225 Lock its position in the battery holder 221 with an electronic lock.
  • Battery holder 221 The front end of the front end is respectively provided with a shutter (not shown) for closing the opening at both ends thereof, and an electrode automatic closing device, and the electric vehicle is further provided with a control switch (not shown) for controlling the opening and closing of the shutter.
  • the electrode auto-on device automatically turns on the battery and the electrodes on the battery fixture.
  • the structure of the chassis 20 of the electric vehicle of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 10.
  • the chassis 20 includes a frame, a wheel 21 and a power supply system 22 .
  • the frame includes two cross frames 25 and two front and rear brackets 24 .
  • the cross frame is made of spring steel plate and spring steel plate is used to make the cross frame 25 It has a certain elasticity, so the frame has a certain damping effect.
  • the cross-connection of the two cross-frames 25 can be located anywhere on the cross-frame 25.
  • the cross frame 25 The cross-connection is located in the middle of the cross frame 25, and when the cross-connection is located in the middle of the cross-frame 25, the transverse and longitudinal torsional tensile strengths of the front and rear ends of the frame are ensured to be uniform.
  • a power supply system 22 can be attached to the electric vehicle chassis 20 as needed, as shown in Figure 10, the power supply system 22 It is fixed in the middle of the front and rear brackets 24 of the frame, that is, fixed in the middle of the chassis, and the battery fixing device 221 of the power supply system is not only used to supply electric power to the electric vehicle, but also the battery fixing device 221 It is also used as the main beam of the chassis to support the weight of the body and other components. Of course, you can also set up additional main beams to fix the battery 221 It is fixed to the main beam, but this obviously increases the weight of the chassis and increases the manufacturing cost.
  • two power supply systems 22 can be fixed on the chassis of the electric vehicle, as shown in Figure 11 As shown, two power supply systems 22 The symmetry is fixed on both sides of the middle part of the front and rear brackets of the frame. The two power supply systems provide power for the electric vehicle and serve as the left and right skeleton beams of the chassis, which can better support the weight of the body and other components. Of course, three power supply systems can also be fixed on the electric vehicle chassis, as shown in the drawing.
  • one of the three power supply systems is fixed in the middle of the front and rear brackets of the frame, and the other two power supply systems of the three power supply systems are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the middle of the front and rear brackets, and the power supply of the three power supply systems passes through the wires. Connected in parallel.
  • the three power supply systems provide power for the electric vehicle, while serving as the main beam and left and right skeleton beams of the chassis, which can better support the weight of the body and other components.
  • the electric vehicle chassis of the present invention can be provided with one or more power supply systems as needed, and is not limited to the above 1-3 One.
  • the power supply system is not only used to provide electric energy and electric power for electric vehicles, but also serves as the main beam or left and right skeleton beams of the chassis to support the weight of the body and other components.
  • Battery holder for power supply system 221 The internal can be set to different structures according to the needs and actual conditions.
  • the standard box of the power supply system can be selected according to the needs.
  • the battery unit in the standard box can be placed one or more pieces as needed, and the battery fixing device 221
  • the sliding device can also be arranged in other forms, such as a plurality of scrollable rollers, etc., in a flexible form.

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Description

电动车及其换电系统和此换电系统的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车领域，具体涉及一种电动车及其换电系统和此换电系统的控制方法。
背景技术
电动车以电力作为能源，是绿色交通工具。现有技术中，使用电力作为能源的车型越来越多，有电动小汽车、电动公交车以及电动赛车等。电动车利用电池为电动车提供动力能源。由于电池内存储的电能是一定的，因此，在不充电的情况下电动车可行驶的路程有限。为了使电动车可以行驶更长的距离，目前也有一些设置在公路边专门为电动车提供充电的充电站。该充电站相当于普通汽车的加油站，当电动车的电池没电了或快没电时，电动车可以在充电站内对电池进行充电；当电池充满电后，电动车可以继续行驶。
但是，由于电池充电时需要花费几个小时甚至是几十个小时完成，不能像汽车加油那样在短时间内完成。因此，现有技术的电动车不能像普通的燃油汽车那样高效率地进行能量补充。即现有技术的电动车充电的方式具有花费时间较长、效率低、影响电动车的使用效率，是目前电动车广泛应用的瓶颈。虽然现在已经研制出快速充电技术，但其对电池有很大的破坏作用，不利于电池的定期检测、保养和维护，还影响了电池的使用寿命。这显然也增加了电动车的使用成本。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种节约成本、可快速的为电动车更换电池的电动车换电系统及其控制方法和可通过该电动车换电系统换电的电动车。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种电动车换电系统，用于更换安装于电动车的电池固定装置上的电池，包括：用于感应电动车位置是否到达预设位置的第一感应装置；用于感应电动车的电池固定装置的竖直高度的第三感应装置；用于支撑满电电池、且可前后左右上下运动的支撑架；用于将位于所述支撑架的所述满电电池推压至电池固定装置上的推压装置；用于承接从所述电动车的电池固定装置上被推卸下来的亏电电池的电池承接装置；所述推压装置和所述电池承接装置与所述支撑架固定连接，所述推压装置、所述支撑架和所述电池承接装置沿直线排布，所述推压装置设置于所述支撑架的一端，所述电池承接装置设置于所述支撑架的另一端； 用于根据所述第三感应装置的感应信号控制所述支撑架向上运动至与所述电池固定装置位于同一水平面高度、根据所述第一感应装置感应的感应信号控制所述支撑架与所述电池固定装置接触后保持所述支撑架与电池固定装置的相对位置不变、同时控制所述推压装置推压所述满电电池并将所述电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出、并控制所述支撑架下降至初始位置的控制装置；所述控制装置的第一感应信号输入端与所述第一感应装置的感应信号输出端连接，所述控制装置的支撑架控制信号输出端与所述支撑架控制信号输入端连接，所述控制装置的推压控制信号输出端与所述推压装置的推压控制信号输入端连接，所述控制装置的第三感应信号输入端与所述第三感应装置的感应信号输出端连接。
优选的，所述电动车换电系统还包括用于检测所述电动车运行速度的运行速度检测装置，所述运行速度检测装置的运行速度检测信号输出端与所述控制装置的运行速度检测信号输入端连接。这样的设计，保证既可以实现在电动车停止状态的电池更换过程，又可以实现电动车运行过程中的电池更换过程。
优选的，为了使得本发明的换电系统不占用额外的车道，将所述推压装置、所述支撑架和所述电池承接装置沿着电动车运行方向所在直线排列。即采用前后换电池的方式。
优选的，对应于上述前后换电池的换电系统结构，所述电动车换电系统还包括用于检测所述电动车的电池固定装置的横向位置的第二感应装置；所述第二感应装置的感应信号输出端与所述控制装置的第二感应信号输入端连接。
优选的，所述电动车换电系统还包括位于所述支撑架后方的电动车横向位置调节装置；所述电动车横向位置调节装置包括：用于承载电动车且可前后左右运动的滑板；两个分别位于所述滑板两侧的用于修正所述滑板左右位置的调节杆；两所述调节杆在水平面成倒'八'字形排布；所述控制装置的滑板控制信号输出端与所述滑板的控制信号输入端连接。
优选的，所述支撑架活动连接在设于其下方的倾斜导轨上。支撑架通过在倾斜导轨上的滑动来实现升降操作。
优选的，所述电动车的换电系统还包括用于给电池充电的充电区域和储藏电池的储藏仓库。
一种可以与上述换电系统相配合的电动车，包括车身和底盘，所述底盘包括车架、车轮和供电系统，所述供电系统包括固定在所述车架上的电池固定装置、设于所述电池固定装置中可相对电池固定装置滑动的电池，所述电池固定装置的两端设有供电池滑出的开口；所述电池通过电子锁锁定其在所述电池固定装置中的位置，所述电池与电池固定装置的正负极相对应；所述车轮通过电动机与所述供电系统连接。本发明的电动车，当电池消耗完或即将消耗完需要换电时，启动换电按钮，固定电池的电子锁松开，电池在电池固定装置中处于可滑动状态。这样由换电系统供应的满电电池可通过电池固定装置的其中一个端口，推挤电池固定装置中原有的亏电电池滑动，直至满电电池完全进入电池固定装置，电池固定装置中原有的亏电电池全部滑出电池固定装置，即完成换电过程，方便快捷。当然了，本发明的电动车的电池的更换也可以通过手动完成，即通过人工将满电电池对准电池固定装置的端口，将电池固定装置中原有的亏电电池推出。
优选的，为了方便电池固定装置中的电池易于插入和取出，在所述电池固定装置和电池之间设有滑动装置。优选的，所述滑动装置为设于所述电池固定装置的内底板上的滑轨或多个滑块，所述电池的结构与所述电池固定装置的内部相配合。也可以是设于所述电池底部的多个滚轮和设于所述电池固定装置的内底板上与所述滚轮相配合的滑槽。
所述电池包括电池单元和包裹于电池单元外的标准箱，所述标准箱通过电子锁锁定其在所述电池固定装置中的位置。
优选的，所述电池固定装置为筒状结构或'ㄩ'形结构，所述电池为与所述电池固定装置内部相配合的条状结构或块状结构。
优选的，为了与上述换电系统中优选的前后换电的方式相配合，所述电池固定装置的两端开口分别朝所述电动车前进和后退方向。
优选的，所述电池电极设置在两侧，所述电池固定装置的左右两内侧设置有与所述电池电极相配合的条状电极。
优选的，所述电池电极分别设置在所述电池的两侧和上侧，所述电池固定装置的左右两内侧设置有与所述电池两侧的电极相配合的条状电极，所述电池固定装置的上内侧设置有两片与所述电池上侧电极相配合的水平面成'八'字形排布的弧形弹片电极，两所述弹片电极的固定端固定于所述电池固定装置的两内侧、自由端相切，所述电池的上侧电极插于所述弹片电极的自由端之间。
优选的，所述底盘上设置有用于将电池推出和装入所述电池固定装置的电池装卸机构。
优选的，所述电池固定装置的前端后端分别设置有用于关闭其两端开口的闸门以及电极自动接通装置，所述电动车还设置有控制所述闸门打开和关闭的控制开关。
优选的，所述车架包括两个支架和两个交叉架，所述的两个交叉架交叉固定连接在一起。
优选的，所述交叉架的交叉连接处位于所述交叉架的中部。
优选的，所述交叉架由弹性金属材料制成。在弹性金属材料中，较佳的，所述交叉架由弹簧钢板制成。
优选的，所述电动车底盘上设有一个供电系统，所述供电系统固定在所述支架的中部。
优选的，所述电动车底盘上设有两个供电系统，所述的两个供电系统对称固定在所述支架中部的两侧。
优选的，所述电动车底盘上设有三个供电系统，所述三个供电系统中，一个供电系统固定在所述支架的中部，另外两个供电系统对称固定在所述支架中部的两侧。当然，所述供电系统也可以为多个，根据不同车辆的类型来决定，本发明并没有限制该供电系统仅为 1~3 个。
一种上述的电动车换电系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、换电系统初始化：支撑架位于电动车预设位置的所在水平面的下方，满电电池放置于支撑架上；
步骤二、定位支撑架：第三感应装置感应到电池固定装置的水平位置时，向控制装置发送感应信号，控制器根据该感应信号控制支撑架上升与所述电池固定装置位于同一水平面处；当第一感应装置感应到电动车位置到达预设位置时，向控制装置发送感应信号，控制装置根据所述第一感应装置感应的感应信号控制所述支撑架与所述电池固定装置接触并保持所述支撑架与电池固定装置的相对位置不变；
步骤三、更换电池：电动车打开固定电池的电子锁，换电系统的控制装置控制所述推压装置推压置于所述支撑架上的所述满电电池、使满电电池推压电池固定装置上的亏电电池、并将电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出；当满电电池将电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出后，电池承接装置将从电池固定装置推出的亏电电池接住，此时，待换电池更换至电池固定装置上；
步骤四、支撑架复位：控制装置控制所述支撑架下降至初始位置，使电动车能通过支撑架，返回至步骤一，等待下一次换电过程。
具体的，步骤一之前，所述支撑架运行到电动车换电系统中的充好电的满电电池的储藏仓库将满电电池承装在其上面。步骤四之后，更换下来的亏电电池被运至电动车换电系统中的充电区域充电，然后储藏于满电电池仓库。
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案的有益效果是：本发明的电动车及与其配合使用的换电系统和此换电系统的控制方法，能够实现快速更换电池，节省人力物力，提高了电动车的换电效率。相比于现有技术中快速充电站中的充电方式，本发明通过更换电池的方式，能够更好的维护和保养电池，延长电池的使用寿命，大大节约了电动车使用成本。而且由于进行了这种更换电池的方式，电动车车主还可以采用租赁电池而非购买的方式使用电池，这显然进一步降低了使用成本。本发明还可以在电力使用的闲时对更换下的电池可以进行集中充电，不占用电力高峰时期的电力负荷。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明实施例的电动车换电系统结构示意图；
图 2 是图 1 中电动车换电系统主体结构侧视图；
图 3 是本发明的电动车的主视图；
图 4 是图 3 中供电系统结构示意图；
图 5 是图 3 中供电系统的立体图；
图 6 是本发明供电系统的第二种结构立体图；
图 7 是本发明供电系统的第三种结构立体图；
图 8 是本发明的电池结构示意图；
图 9 是本发明的第一种底盘结构示意图；
图 10 是本发明的第二种底盘结构示意图；
图 11 是本发明的第三种底盘结构示意图；
图 12 是本发明的换电系统控制方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
实施例 1
本发明的电动车换电系统，用于更换安装于电动车的电池固定装置 221 上的电池，如图 1 和图 2 所示，包括：用于感应电动车位置是否到达预设位置的第一感应装置 101 ；用于感应电动车的电池固定装置 221 的竖直高度的第三感应装置 103 ；用于支撑满电电池 11 、且可前后左右上下运动的支撑架 12 ；用于将位于支撑架 12 的满电电池 11 推压至电池固定装置 221 上的推压装置 13 ；用于承接从电动车的电池固定装置 221 上被推卸下来的亏电电池的电池承接装置 14 ；推压装置 13 和电池承接装置 14 与支撑架 12 固定连接，推压装置 13 、支撑架 12 和电池承接装置 14 沿电动车运行方向排列，推压装置 13 设置于支撑架 12 的前端，电池承接装置 14 设置于支撑架 12 的后端；用于根据第三感应装置 103 的感应信号控制支撑架 12 向上运动至与电池固定装置 221 位于同一水平面高度、根据第一感应装置 101 感应的感应信号控制支撑架 12 与电池固定装置 221 接触后保持支撑架 12 与电池固定装置 221 的相对位置不变、同时控制推压装置 13 推压满电电池 11 并将电池固定装置 221 上的亏电电池推出、并控制支撑架 12 下降至初始位置的控制装置 15 ；控制装置 15 的第一感应信号输入端与第一感应装置 101 的感应信号输出端连接，控制装置 15 的支撑架 12 控制信号输出端与支撑架 12 控制信号输入端连接，控制装置 15 的推压控制信号输出端与推压装置 13 的推压控制信号输入端连接，控制装置 15 的第三感应信号输入端与第三感应装置 103 的感应信号输出端连接。
其中，预设位置可以根据需要设定为靠近支撑架 12 的位置。
本发明的电动车换电系统的初始状态为：支撑架 12 位于电动车的电池固定装置 221 所在水平面的下方，满电电池 11 放置于支撑架 12 上。
上述的电动车换电系统的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、换电系统初始化：支撑架 12 位于电动车预设位置的所在水平面的下方，满电电池 11 放置于支撑架 12 上；
步骤二、定位支撑架 12 ：第三感应装置 103 感应到电池固定装置 221 的水平位置时，向控制装置 15 发送感应信号，控制器根据该感应信号控制支撑架 12 上升与电池固定装置 221 位于同一水平面处；当第一感应装置 101 感应到电动车位置到达预设位置时，向控制装置 15 发送感应信号，控制装置 15 根据第一感应装置 101 感应的感应信号控制支撑架 12 与电池固定装置 221 接触并保持支撑架 12 与电池固定装置 221 的相对位置不变；
步骤三、更换电池：电动车打开固定电池 222 的电子锁，控制装置 15 控制推压装置 13 推压置于支撑架 12 上的满电电池 11 、使满电电池 11 向后推压电池固定装置 221 上的亏电电池、并将电池固定装置 221 上的亏电电池推出；当满电电池 11 将电池固定装置 221 上的亏电电池推出后，电池承接装置 14 将从电池固定装置 221 推出的亏电电池接住，此时，待换电池更换至电池固定装置 221 上；
步骤四、支撑架 12 复位：控制装置 15 控制支撑架 12 下降至初始位置，使电动车能通过支撑架 12 ，返回至步骤一，等待下一次换电过程。
具体的，更换电池操作前，即步骤一之前，所述支撑架运行到电动车换电系统中的充好电的满电电池的储藏仓库将满电电池承装在其上面。步骤四之后，更换下来的亏电电池被运至电动车换电系统中的充电区域充电，然后储藏于满电电池储藏仓库。等待下一次换电。
因此，本发明的电动车换电系统可以实现给电动车快速换电，不需要如现有技术那样需要在特定的充电站给电动车电池充电，因此，本发明的电动车换电系统可以保证电动车的电池的快速更换，提高电动车补充能源速度和效率。
优选的，上述的电动车换电系统还包括用于检测电动车运行速度的运行速度检测装置 104 ，运行速度检测装置 104 的运行速度检测信号输出端与控制装置 15 的运行速度检测信号输入端连接。这样就可以在电动车运行期间进行换电操作，运行速度检测装置 104 可以保证支撑架 12 沿电动车前进方向运动的速度与电动车运行的速度一致，使得两者保持相对静止，从而使电动车换电系统更换电池时，支撑架 12 能与电动车的电池固定装置 221 相互接触，以保证推压装置 13 可以顺利地将电动车的电池固定装置 221 中的电池 222 更换为满电电池 11 。支撑架跟随电动车以同样的速度运动，如同电动车停下来进行换电操作一样。进而节约了换电时间，不影响电动车运行。
电动车换电系统还包括用于检测电动车的电池固定装置 221 的横向位置的第二感应装置 102 ；所述控制装置 50 根据所述第二感应装置 80 的感应信号控制所述支撑架 30 左右运动；第二感应装置 102 的感应信号输出端与控制装置 15 的第二感应信号输入端连接。由于电动车换电系统更换电池时，电动车的驾驶员经常不能很精确地将电动车的电池固定装置 221 对准支撑架 12 ，因此，增加第二感应装置 102 ，可以通过第二感应装置 102 感应电动车的横向位置，然后通过控制装置 15 控制支撑架 12 左右运动，从而使支撑架 12 准确地对准电动车的电池固定装置 221 ，进而提高电动车换电系统的可靠性。
如图 1 所示，电动车换电系统还包括位于支撑架 12 后方的电动车横向位置调节装置 16 ；电动车横向位置调节装置 16 包括：用于承载电动车且可前后左右运动的滑板 161 ；两个分别位于滑板 161 两侧的用于修正滑板 161 左右位置的调节杆 162 ；两调节杆 162 在水平面成倒'八'字形排布；控制装置 15 的滑板 161 控制信号输出端与滑板 161 的控制信号输入端连接。
电动车横向位置调节装置 16 是对行驶在电动车换电系统时的电动车的横向位置的调整。具体地，电动车换电系统更换电动车的电池时，电动车先开上滑板 161 ，由于滑板 161 的两侧设置有调节杆 162 ，且两所述调节杆 162 在水平面成倒'八'字形排布，因此，当滑板 161 带动电动车向前运动时，如果滑板 161 偏离方向较远时，位于两边的调节杆 162 会阻碍滑板 161 继续朝偏离方向运动，受到调节杆 162 限位作用可使滑板 161 朝中部运行，从而调节电动车的横向位置，减少电动车的电池固定装置 221 和支撑架 12 相对的偏差位置。
如图 2 所示，本发明的支撑架 12 活动连接在设于其下方的倾斜导轨上，支撑架 12 沿着倾斜导轨 17 滑动来实现升降。倾斜导轨 17 相对于现有技术中普遍采用的竖直升降装置，其升降更加灵活，而且可以设置感应装置，当由于司机的误操作导致电动车撞击到支撑架 12 的时候，支撑架 12 会沿着倾斜导轨迅速下降，而不至于被电动车撞坏。如果是竖直升降装置，则其升降杆则会很容易被电动车撞坏，不能达到像倾斜导轨 17 一样的缓冲保护效果。
为了方便电池的存储和充电，本发明的电动车换电系统的充电区域设置电池储藏仓库和电池充电装置。
如图 3 所示，是本发明的电动车的结构示意图，包括底盘 20 和车身 23 ，底盘 20 包括车架、车轮 21 和供电系统 22 。供电系统 22 包括固定在车架上的电池固定装置 221 、设于电池固定装置 221 中可相对电池固定装置 221 滑动的电池 222 ，电池固定装置 221 的两端设有供电池 222 滑出的开口。电池 222 通过电子锁锁定在电池固定装置 221 上，电池 222 的电极 224 与电池固定装置 221 的正负极相对应，车轮 21 通过电动机 23 与供电系统 22 连接。
电池固定装置 221 的具体结构如图 4-7 所示。电池固定装置 221 为筒状结构或'ㄩ'形结构，电池为与所述电池固定装置内部相配合的条状结构。当然，电池也可以是块状结构或其他具有一定长度的结构，只要能够保证电池与电池固定装置的内腔结构相配合，使得顺利能够从电池固定装置中滑出，而不被卡住即可。电池固定装置 221 的形状并不限于此，任何具有一个条状内腔的装置，只要能够容纳电池，并且可以让电池从其两端滑出的结构都适用。为了和上述换电系统中推压装置 13 、支撑架 12 和电池承接装置 14 沿电动车运行方向排列的结构相配合，电池固定装置 221 的两端开口分别朝电动车前进和后退方向。为了方便电池的更换，降低电池与电池固定装置之间的摩擦力，在电池固定装置 221 和电池 222 之间设有滑动装置。滑动装置的结构可以有多种实现形式，可以是设置在电池固定装置 221 的内底板上的滑轨 261 ，相应的，电池底部可以设置相应的滑槽，如图 4 和图 5 所示。也可以是设置在电池固定装置 221 的内底板上的多个滑块 262 ，如图 6 和图 7 所示，滑块 262 的上端也可以根据需要设置可滚动的滚珠。但是不管是哪种结构，电池 222 的结构都要与电池固定装置 221 的内部相配合。另外，滑动装置也可以是设于电池 222 底部的多个滚轮和设于电池固定装置 221 的内底板上与滚轮相配合的滑槽（图中未示出）。本发明的滑动装置位置可以设置在电池和电池固定装置之间的任何位置，而并不限于上述的设置在电池固定装置内底板处，比如也可以设置在电池固定装置 221 的两侧，甚至是顶部。显然，具有滑动装置会使得电池在电池固定装置 221 中的滑动更加顺畅。当然，也可以采用其他的滑动装置，或者通过在电池上设置滚轮的方式实现滑动都可以。只要能够减小电池和电池固定装置之间的摩擦即可。
本发明的电动车和换电系统相配合，即换电系统中推压装置 13 、支撑架 12 和电池承接装置 14 沿电动车运行方向排列与电动车中电池固定装置沿车运行方向设置相配合，实现了前后换电池的方式，即电池从电池固定装置中沿着电动车前进或者后退方向被推出而实现更换。具体的，换电系统就设置在待换电的电动车所在车道上，推压装置 13 和支撑架 12 位于车头（或车尾），相应的，电池承接装置 14 位于车尾（或车头）。相比于在电动车的侧方更换电池的方式，这样的换电结构，不占用额外的车道，不影响旁边车辆的通行以及其他车道车辆的换电池操作，可以在同样宽的道路上，设置多个换电系统，同时对不同车道的车辆进行换电池操作。
为了使得在换电系统突然断电或者出现故障时，而无法利用其推压装置 13 顺利将电动车的电池固定装置 221 中的亏电电池推出的情况下，本发明仍然可以实现自动换电操作。在本发明在电动车的底盘上设置有用于将电池推出和装入所述电池固定装置的电池装卸机构（图中未示出）。利用该推卸机构，可以在换电系统无法正常工作的时候，电动车自主将亏电电池推出，同时，只要将满电电池对准电池固定装置的端口，即可通过该电池装卸机构自动将满电电池装入。进而实现了电动车的自主换电操作。
电池 222 的电极 272 设置方式有两种，一种如图 3-6 所示，电池 222 电极 272 设置在两侧，电池固定装置 221 的左右两内侧设置有与电池电极相配合的条状电极 271 。
另一种如图 7 所示，电池 222 电极 272 分别设置在电池 222 的两侧和上侧，电池固定装置 221 的左右两内侧设置有与电池两侧的电极 272 相配合的条状电极 271 ，电池固定装置 221 的上内侧设置有两片与电池上侧电极相配合的水平面成'八'字形排布的弧形弹片电极 28 ，两弹片电极的固定端固定于电池固定装置 221 的两内侧、自由端相切，电池的上侧电极 273 插于弹片电极的自由端之间。
电池的结构如图 9 所示，包括电池单元 224 和包裹于电池单元 224 外的标准箱 225 ，标准箱 225 通过电子锁锁定其在电池固定装置 221 中的位置。
电池固定装置 221 的前端后端分别设置有用于关闭其两端开口的闸门（图中未示出）以及电极自动接通装置，电动车还设置有控制闸门打开和关闭的控制开关（图中未示出）。当电池进入到电池固定装置中时，电极自动接通装置自动接通电池以及电池固定装置上的电极。
本发明中电动车的底盘 20 结构如图 10 所示，底盘 20 包括车架、车轮 21 和供电系统 22 。车架包括两个交叉架 25 和前后两个支架 24 。所述交叉架由弹簧钢板制成，采用弹簧钢板，可以使得交叉架 25 具有一定的弹性，这样车架具有一定的减震作用。两个交叉架 25 的交叉连接处可以位于交叉架 25 的任意位置。较佳地，如图 10 所示，交叉架 25 的交叉连接处位于交叉架 25 的中部，当交叉连接处位于交叉架 25 的中部时，可以保证车架前后两端的横向和纵向的抗扭拉强度一致。
可根据需要在电动车底盘 20 上固定一个供电系统 22 ，如附图 10 所示，将供电系统 22 固定在车架前后支架 24 的中部，即固定在底盘的中部，供电系统的电池固定装置 221 不仅用于为电动车提供电能，而且电池固定装置 221 本身也作为底盘的主梁，用于支撑车身及其他部件的重量。当然了，也可以设置额外的主梁，将电池固定装置 221 固定于该主梁上，但是这样显然增加了底盘的重量，增加了制造成本。根据行车距离的长短及不同车型的具体需要，可在电动车底盘上固定两个供电系统 22 ，如附图 11 所示，两个供电系统 22 对称固定在车架前后支架中部的两侧，两个供电系统在为电动车提供电能的同时，其本身作为底盘的左右骨架梁，可较好的支撑车身及其他部件的重量。当然，也可在电动车底盘上固定三个供电系统，如附图 10 所示，三个供电系统中的一个供电系统固定在车架前后支架的中部，三个供电系统中的另外两个供电系统对称固定在前后支架中部的两侧，三个供电系统的电源通过导线并联连接。三个供电系统在为电动车提供电能的同时，其本身作为底盘的主梁及左右骨架梁，能更好的支撑车身及其他部件的重量。
本发明电动车底盘上可根据需要设置一个或多个供电系统，并不限制于上述的 1-3 个。供电系统不仅用于为电动车提供电能及实现换电，而且其本身也作为底盘的主梁或左右骨架梁，用于支撑车身及其他部件的重量。供电系统的电池固定装置 221 内部可根据需要和实际情况设置成不同的结构，供电系统的标准箱可根据需要选择不同的尺寸，标准箱中的电池单元可根据需要放置一块或多块，电池固定装置 221 中的滑动装置也可设置成其他形式，例如多个可滚动的滚杆等，形式灵活多变。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变动，这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电动车，包括车身和底盘，所述底盘包括车架、车轮和供电系统，其特征在于：
    所述供电系统包括固定在所述车架上的电池固定装置、设于所述电池固定装置中可相对电池固定装置滑动的电池，所述电池固定装置的两端设有供电池滑出的开口；
    所述电池通过电子锁锁定其在所述电池固定装置中的位置，所述电池的电极与电池固定装置的正负极相对应；
    所述车轮通过电动机与所述供电系统连接。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池固定装置和电池之间设有滑动装置。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述滑动装置为设于所述电池固定装置的内底板上的滑轨或多个滑块，所述电池的结构与所述电池固定装置的内部相配合。
  4. 根据权利要求 2 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述滑动装置为设于所述电池底部的多个滚轮和设于所述电池固定装置的内底板上与所述滚轮相配合的滑槽。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述底盘上设置有用于将电池推出和装入所述电池固定装置的电池装卸机构。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池包括电池单元和包裹于电池单元外的标准箱，所述标准箱通过电子锁锁定其在所述电池固定装置中的位置。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池固定装置的两端开口分别朝所述电动车前进和后退方向。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池固定装置为筒状结构或'ㄩ'形结构，所述电池为与所述电池固定装置内部相配合的条状结构或块状结构。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池电极设置在两侧，所述电池固定装置的左右两内侧设置有与所述电池电极相配合的条状电极。
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池电极分别设置在所述电池的两侧和上侧，所述电池固定装置的左右两内侧设置有与所述电池两侧的电极相配合的条状电极，所述电池固定装置的上内侧设置有两片与所述电池上侧电极相配合的水平面成'八'字形排布的弧形弹片电极，两所述弹片电极的固定端固定于所述电池固定装置的两内侧、自由端相切，所述电池的上侧电极插于所述弹片电极的自由端之间。
  11. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池固定装置的前端后端分别设置有用于关闭其两端开口的闸门以及电极自动接通装置，所述电动车还设置有控制所述闸门打开和关闭的控制开关。
  12. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述车架包括两个支架和两个交叉架，所述的两个交叉架交叉固定连接在一起。
  13. 根据权利要求 12 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述交叉架的交叉连接处位于所述交叉架的中部。
  14. 根据权利要求 12 或 13 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述交叉架由弹性金属材料制成。
  15. 根据权利要求 12 或 13 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述交叉架由弹簧钢板制成。
  16. 根据权利要求 12 或 13 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车底盘上设有一个供电系统，所述供电系统固定在所述支架的中部。
  17. 根据权利要求 12 或 13 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车底盘上设有两个供电系统，所述的两个供电系统对称固定在所述支架中部的两侧。
  18. 根据权利要求 12 或 13 所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车底盘上设有三个供电系统，所述三个供电系统中，一个供电系统固定在所述支架的中部，另外两个供电系统对称固定在所述支架中部的两侧。
  19. 一种电动车换电系统，用于更换安装于电动车的电池固定装置上的电池，其特征在于，包括：
    用于感应电动车位置是否到达预设位置的第一感应装置；
    用于感应电动车的电池固定装置的竖直高度的第三感应装置；
    用于支撑满电电池、且可前后左右上下运动的支撑架；
    用于将位于所述支撑架的所述满电电池推压至电池固定装置上的推压装置；
    用于承接从所述电动车的电池固定装置上被推卸下来的亏电电池的电池承接装置；
    所述推压装置和所述电池承接装置与所述支撑架固定连接，所述推压装置、所述支撑架和所述电池承接装置沿直线排布，所述推压装置设置于所述支撑架的一端，所述电池承接装置设置于所述支撑架的另一端；
    用于根据所述第三感应装置的感应信号控制所述支撑架向上运动至与所述电池固定装置位于同一水平面高度、根据所述第一感应装置感应的感应信号控制所述支撑架与所述电池固定装置接触后保持所述支撑架与电池固定装置的相对位置不变、同时控制所述推压装置推压所述满电电池并将所述电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出、并控制所述支撑架下降至初始位置的控制装置；
    所述控制装置的第一感应信号输入端与所述第一感应装置的感应信号输出端连接，所述控制装置的支撑架控制信号输出端与所述支撑架控制信号输入端连接，所述控制装置的推压控制信号输出端与所述推压装置的推压控制信号输入端连接，所述控制装置的第三感应信号输入端与所述第三感应装置的感应信号输出端连接。
  20. 根据权利要求 19 所述的电动车换电系统，其特征在于，所述电动车换电系统还包括用于检测所述电动车运行速度的运行速度检测装置，
    所述运行速度检测装置的运行速度检测信号输出端与所述控制装置的运行速度检测信号输入端连接。
  21. 根据权利要求 19 或 20 所述的电动车换电系统，其特征在于，所述推压装置、所述支撑架和所述电池承接装置沿着电动车运行方向所在直线排列。
  22. 根据权利要求 21 所述的电动车换电系统，其特征在于，所述电动车换电系统还包括用于检测所述电动车的电池固定装置的横向位置的第二感应装置；
    所述第二感应装置的感应信号输出端与所述控制装置的第二感应信号输入端连接。
  23. 根据权利要求 21 所述的电动车换电系统，其特征在于，所述电动车换电系统还包括位于所述支撑架后方的电动车横向位置调节装置；
    所述电动车横向位置调节装置包括：
    用于承载电动车且可前后左右运动的滑板；
    两个分别位于所述滑板两侧的用于修正所述滑板左右位置的调节杆；
    两所述调节杆在水平面成倒'八'字形排布；
    所述控制装置的滑板控制信号输出端与所述滑板的控制信号输入端连接。
  24. 根据权利要求 19 所述的电动车换电系统，其特征在于，所述支撑架活动连接在设于其下方的倾斜导轨上。
  25. 一种权利要求 19-24 任一所述的电动车换电系统的控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、换电系统初始化：支撑架位于电动车预设位置的所在水平面的下方，满电电池放置于支撑架上；
    步骤二、定位支撑架：第三感应装置感应到电池固定装置的水平位置时，向控制装置发送感应信号，控制器根据该感应信号控制支撑架上升与所述电池固定装置位于同一水平面处；当第一感应装置感应到电动车位置到达预设位置时，向控制装置发送感应信号，控制装置根据所述第一感应装置感应的感应信号控制所述支撑架与所述电池固定装置接触并保持所述支撑架与电池固定装置的相对位置不变；
    步骤三、更换电池：电动车打开固定电池的电子锁，换电系统的控制装置控制所述推压装置推压置于所述支撑架上的所述满电电池、使满电电池推压电池固定装置上的亏电电池、并将电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出；当满电电池将电池固定装置上的亏电电池推出后，电池承接装置将从电池固定装置推出的亏电电池接住，此时，待换电池更换至电池固定装置上；
    步骤四、支撑架复位：控制装置控制所述支撑架下降至初始位置，使电动车能通过支撑架，返回至步骤一，等待下一次换电过程。
  26. 根据权利要求 25 所述的电动车换电系统的控制方法，其特征在于，步骤一之前，所述支撑架运行到电动车换电系统中的满电电池的储藏仓库将满电电池承装在其上面。
  27. 根据权利要求 25 所述的电动车换电系统的控制方法，其特征在于，步骤四之后，更换下来的亏电电池被运至电动车换电系统中的充电区域充电，然后储藏于满电电池储藏仓库。
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CN110712509A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-21 国唐汽车有限公司 一种纯电动乘用车动力系统安装支架
CN110712509B (zh) * 2019-10-31 2024-05-14 国唐汽车有限公司 一种纯电动乘用车动力系统安装支架
CN113629340A (zh) * 2020-05-08 2021-11-09 帝亚一维新能源汽车有限公司 可快换动力电池包及便携式换电电动车电池拆装方法
CN113561822A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 许昌学院 一种电动汽车锂电池充电装置

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