WO2012114966A1 - 電池用電極および電池 - Google Patents
電池用電極および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114966A1 WO2012114966A1 PCT/JP2012/053601 JP2012053601W WO2012114966A1 WO 2012114966 A1 WO2012114966 A1 WO 2012114966A1 JP 2012053601 W JP2012053601 W JP 2012053601W WO 2012114966 A1 WO2012114966 A1 WO 2012114966A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- electrode
- active material
- current collector
- binder resin
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery electrode and a battery.
- Electrodes used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode are also one of the important factors that influence the battery performance.
- the electrode is a mixture of an active material and a binder resin for supporting the active material on the current collector, and the mixture is used as the current collector. In general, it is manufactured by coating.
- a metal foil such as aluminum or copper is used as a current collector, and in order to prevent the active material from falling off the current collector, A binder resin made of vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as a binder.
- PVDF vinylidene fluoride
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a conventional battery electrode.
- a metal foil 4 is used as a current collector, and a mixture of an active material 81 and a binder resin 9 is applied to the surface of the metal foil 4.
- the binder resin 9 binds the active materials 81 to each other and the active material 81 and the metal foil 4 to prevent the active material 81 from dropping from the metal foil 4 (current collector).
- the role of the binder resin is to bind the current collector and the active material in the electrode.
- the binder resin typified by PVDF is an insulator
- the binder resin itself increases the internal resistance of the battery, and in turn decreases the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery.
- the amount of the binder resin added is reduced (or eliminated) in order to reduce the internal resistance, the active material tends to fall off from the current collector, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
- an aqueous binder system using styrene butadiene as a binder and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a viscosity adjusting material is also employed in order to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- an aqueous binder cannot be used in a molten salt battery that does not use an aqueous solution.
- This invention is made
- the objective is to supply the battery electrode with small internal resistance, and the battery excellent in charging / discharging efficiency.
- the battery electrode according to the present invention is a battery electrode having a current collector, which is a porous metal body having a three-dimensional network structure, and an active material, wherein the active material is within the network structure of the current collector. It is carried without using a binder resin (claim 1). If this battery electrode is used, since the current collector is a porous metal body having a three-dimensional network structure, the active material can be carried on the current collector without using a binder resin. Therefore, since the binder resin which is an insulator is not used, the internal resistance of the battery electrode can be reduced.
- the current collector is preferably an aluminum porous body (Claim 2). In order to support the active material in the network structure of the current collector, it is effective to compress the current collector. If the material of the current collector is aluminum, it is easier to compress compared to other metals. Moreover, since aluminum is not easily oxidized, it is also suitable as a battery current collector.
- the active material is NaCrO 2 , TiS 2 , NaMnF 3 , Na 2 FePO 4 F, NaVPO 4 F, Na 0.044 MnO 2 , FeF 3 , Sn, Si, graphite, and non-graphitizable carbon. It is preferable that it is at least one selected from (Claim 3).
- the above active material can be used as an active material of a molten salt battery because the metal of the molten salt can be taken into or released from the inside. And these active materials can also be carry
- the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode is any one of the above-described battery electrodes.
- the internal resistance of the electrode is small, the loss during charging / discharging can be reduced, and the charging / discharging efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the internal resistance of the battery electrode can be reduced, and the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the electrode of the present invention.
- the metal porous body 5 is used as a current collector.
- the metal porous body 5 is schematically shown in two dimensions, but the metal porous body of the present invention has a three-dimensional network structure in which the porous shapes are continuous in the depth direction of the figure.
- the internal space 51 surrounded by the metal porous body 5 is filled with an active material 82.
- the porous aluminum body As a material of the metal porous body 5, aluminum which has a corrosion resistance against molten salt and has a characteristic of being hardly oxidized is preferable.
- the porous aluminum body was produced by disassembling the foamed resin after forming an aluminum layer on the surface of the foamed resin, an aluminum non-woven fabric entangled with fibrous aluminum, an aluminum foamed body with aluminum fired. Celmet (registered trademark) (hereinafter referred to as aluminum cermet) is used.
- the active material 82 NaCrO 2 , TiS 2 , NaMnF 3 , Na 2 FePO 4 F, NaVPO 4 F, Na 0.044 MnO 2 , and FeF 3 are used for the positive electrode, and Sn is used for the negative electrode. Si, graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, etc. are used.
- the porosity occupied by the volume of the internal space 51 in the metal porous body 5 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 80% to 98%.
- the pore diameter is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the active material 82 needs to be smaller than the pore diameter of the metal porous body 5.
- the electrode of the present embodiment is produced by sufficiently immersing the porous metal body 5 in a mixture of the active material 82 and liquid pyrrolidone and then drying it. Further, in order to suppress the falling off of the active material 82, it is effective to subsequently compress the electrode in the thickness direction. By compressing the electrodes, the metal porous body 5 is deformed and the internal space 51 becomes narrower than before compression. Further, by compressing the electrode, the active materials 82 are aggregated and entangled with the metal porous body 5, so that the active material 82 is less likely to fall off the electrode.
- the compression rate is preferably 80% or less.
- Aluminum is also suitable as the current collector material of the present invention because it is easier to compress than other metals.
- the current collector is a porous metal body having a three-dimensional network structure, and the active material is supported on the current collector without using a binder resin by effectively compressing the electrode. Can do. Therefore, since the binder resin which is an insulator is not used, the internal resistance of the battery electrode can be reduced.
- both the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery may be used as the electrode of the present invention, and either the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery may be used as the electrode of the present invention.
- the positive electrode of the battery may be an electrode of the present invention as shown in FIG. 2, and the negative electrode may be a conventional electrode such as an aluminum SnNa alloy plate plated with tin, which is a negative electrode active material.
- FIG. 3 is a top view schematically illustrating a configuration example of the molten salt battery
- FIG. 4 is a schematic front perspective view of the molten salt battery.
- 6 is a battery container made of an aluminum alloy, and the battery container 6 is hollow and has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape with a bottom. The inside of the battery container 6 is subjected to insulation treatment by fluorine coating or alumite treatment.
- six negative electrodes 21 and five positive electrodes 11 housed in bag-shaped separators 31 are arranged in parallel in the lateral direction (front-rear direction in FIG. 4).
- the negative electrode 21, the separator 31, and the positive electrode 11 constitute one power generation element.
- five power generation elements are stacked.
- the lower end portion of a rectangular tab (conductive wire) 22 for taking out current is joined to the upper end portion of the negative electrode 21 on the side close to one side wall 61 of the battery case 6.
- the upper end of the tab 22 is joined to the lower surface of the rectangular flat tab lead 23.
- the lower end of a rectangular tab 12 for taking out current is joined to the upper end of the positive electrode 11 on the side close to the other side wall 62 of the battery container 6.
- the upper end of the tab 12 is joined to the lower surface of the rectangular flat tab lead 13.
- the tab leads 13 and 23 serve as external electrodes for connecting the entire power generation element including the stacked positive and negative electrodes and an external electric circuit, and are located above the liquid surface of the molten salt 7. It is.
- the separator 31 is made of a glass nonwoven fabric having resistance to molten salt at a temperature at which the molten salt battery operates, and is formed so as to be porous and in a bag shape.
- the separator 31 is immersed together with the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 11 from a position of about 10 mm below the liquid level of the molten salt 7 filled in the substantially rectangular parallelepiped battery container. This allows a slight drop in the liquid level.
- the molten salt 7 is composed of an FSI (bisfluorosulfonylimide) or TFSI (bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide) anion and a sodium and / or potassium cation, but is not limited thereto.
- FSI bisfluorosulfonylimide
- TFSI bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide
- the entire battery container is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 85 ° C. to 95 ° C.) by an external heating means (not shown), whereby the molten salt 7 is melted and can be charged and discharged. .
- a predetermined temperature for example, 85 ° C. to 95 ° C.
- Example 1 As an example, a molten salt battery similar to that shown in FIGS. 3 to 4 was constructed.
- the positive electrode was an electrode having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode active material was NaCrO 2
- the current collector was aluminum cermet
- a binder resin such as PVDF was not used.
- the average particle size of the active material is about 10 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter of the aluminum cermet was about 600 ⁇ m, and a 1 mm thick one was compressed to 0.7 mm (compression rate 30%).
- An aluminum SnNa alloy plate plated with tin was used for the negative electrode.
- the separator was a glass nonwoven fabric.
- a charge / discharge test was performed on the molten salt battery manufactured with the above-described configuration, and the voltage efficiency was measured.
- the voltage efficiency is obtained by calculating (discharge voltage at half time of full charge) / (charge voltage at half time of full charge) from the voltage characteristics of charge / discharge, and the internal resistance of the battery is small. The higher the value.
- the temperature during the test was 90 ° C., and the charge / discharge rate was 0.1 C. Since the current value that is fully charged in 1 hour is 1 C, 0.1 C is the current value that is fully charged in 10 hours. According to the test result of this example, the voltage efficiency was 91%.
- Comparative Example 1 As a comparative example, a binder resin made of PVDF was used for the positive electrode, and a molten salt battery similar to that in Example 1 was manufactured under other conditions. A charge / discharge test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. In the test result of this comparative example, the voltage efficiency was 85%.
- Example 1 in which no binder resin was used had higher voltage efficiency and smaller internal resistance.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
この電池用電極を用いれば、集電体が三次元の網目構造を有する金属多孔体であるため、バインダー樹脂を用いなくても、活物質を集電体に担持させることができる。したがって、絶縁体であるバインダー樹脂を用いていないため、この電池用電極の内部抵抗を小さくすることができる。
集電体の網目構造内に活物質を担持させるには、集電体を圧縮させるのが効果的である。集電体の材質がアルミニウムであれば、他の金属に比べて圧縮させやすい。またアルミニウムは酸化されにくいので、電池の集電体としても適している。
上記の活物質は、溶融塩の金属を内部に取り込んだり放出したりできるので、溶融塩電池の活物質として用いることができる。そして、これら活物質も、集電体を三次元の網目構造を有する金属多孔体とすることで、バインダー樹脂を用いなくても、集電体に担持させることができる。したがって、絶縁体であるバインダー樹脂を用いていないため、この溶融塩電池に用いる電極の内部抵抗を小さくすることができる。
このようにすれば、電極の内部抵抗が小さいため、充放電の際の損失を小さくすることができ、電池の充放電効率を向上させることができる。
図3は溶融塩電池の構成例を模式的に示す上面図であり、図4は溶融塩電池の模式的な正面視の透視図である。図中6は、アルミニウム合金からなる電池容器であり、電池容器6は、中空で有底の略直方体形状をなしている。電池容器6の内側は、フッ素コートやアルマイト処理によって絶縁処理が施されている。電池容器6内には、6つの負極21と、袋状のセパレータ31に各別に収容された5つの正極11とが、横方向(図4では前後方向)に並設されている。負極21、セパレータ31および正極11が、1つの発電要素を構成しており、図3では、5つの発電要素が積層されている。
実施例として、図3ないし図4と同様の溶融塩電池を構成した。本実施例では、正極を図2に示す構成の電極とした。正極の活物質はNaCrO2、集電体はアルミセルメットとし、PVDFなどのバインダー樹脂は用いなかった。また活物質の平均粒径は約10μmである。またアルミセルメットの平均気孔径は約600μmで、厚さ1mmのものを0.7mmに圧縮した(圧縮率30%)。また負極には錫がメッキされたアルミニウムのSnNa合金板を用いた。セパレータはガラス不織布とした。
比較例として、正極にPVDFからなるバインダー樹脂を用い、それ以外の条件は実施例1と同様の溶融塩電池を作製し、実施例1と同様の条件で充放電試験を行った。本比較例の試験結果では、電圧効率は85%だった。
Claims (4)
- 三次元網目構造を有する金属多孔体である集電体と、活物質とを有する電池用電極であって、
前記活物質は前記集電体の網目構造内にバインダー樹脂を用いることなく担持されていることを特徴とする電池用電極。 - 前記集電体はアルミニウム多孔体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電池用電極。
- 前記活物質は、NaCrO2、TiS2、NaMnF3、Na2FePO4F、NaVPO4F、Na0.044MnO2、FeF3、Sn、Si、黒鉛、および難黒鉛化炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電池用電極。
- 正極および/または負極が、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電池用電極であることを特徴とする電池。
Priority Applications (3)
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US14/001,066 US20130330618A1 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-16 | Battery electrode and battery |
CN2012800101444A CN103430354A (zh) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-16 | 电池用电极和电池 |
KR1020137021601A KR20140005976A (ko) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-16 | 전지용 전극 및 전지 |
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JP2011-035621 | 2011-02-22 | ||
JP2011035621A JP2012174495A (ja) | 2011-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | 電池用電極および電池 |
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JP (1) | JP2012174495A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140005976A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103430354A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201248977A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012114966A1 (ja) |
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WO2014128904A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社 日立製作所 | 電池制御回路、電池システム、並びにこれを備える移動体及び電力貯蔵システム |
CN105229766A (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 用于电力存储装置的电极、电力存储装置和制造用于电力存储装置的电极的方法 |
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JP2014235912A (ja) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-15 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ナトリウム溶融塩電池およびその製造方法 |
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KR101914173B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 나트륨 전극 및 이를 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지 |
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CN107170955B (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-07-12 | 清华大学 | 一种可方便拆解回收的锂离子电池、制作方法及拆解回收方法 |
CN107134371B (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2022-07-12 | 中天储能科技有限公司 | 可方便拆解回收的超级电容、制作方法及拆解回收方法 |
WO2023095755A1 (ja) | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-01 | 株式会社Adeka | 多孔金属を含む集電体及び有機硫黄系活物質を含む非水電解質二次電池用電極、当該電極を含む非水電解質二次電池並びに当該電極の製造のための有機硫黄系活物質 |
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- 2012-02-16 WO PCT/JP2012/053601 patent/WO2012114966A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-02-16 US US14/001,066 patent/US20130330618A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-16 CN CN2012800101444A patent/CN103430354A/zh active Pending
- 2012-02-21 TW TW101105631A patent/TW201248977A/zh unknown
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JP2008226765A (ja) * | 2007-03-15 | 2008-09-25 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用正極 |
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WO2014128904A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 株式会社 日立製作所 | 電池制御回路、電池システム、並びにこれを備える移動体及び電力貯蔵システム |
CN105229766A (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 用于电力存储装置的电极、电力存储装置和制造用于电力存储装置的电极的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201248977A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
JP2012174495A (ja) | 2012-09-10 |
CN103430354A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
KR20140005976A (ko) | 2014-01-15 |
US20130330618A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
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