WO2012108047A1 - 電気加熱式触媒 - Google Patents
電気加熱式触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012108047A1 WO2012108047A1 PCT/JP2011/052922 JP2011052922W WO2012108047A1 WO 2012108047 A1 WO2012108047 A1 WO 2012108047A1 JP 2011052922 W JP2011052922 W JP 2011052922W WO 2012108047 A1 WO2012108047 A1 WO 2012108047A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- catalyst carrier
- outer peripheral
- electrode
- electrodes
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 83
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
- H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrically heated catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine.
- an electrically heated catalyst (hereinafter referred to as EHC) in which the catalyst is heated by a heating element that generates heat when energized has been developed.
- a surface electrode extending along the outer peripheral surface of the heating element is formed.
- the electrodes When the electrodes are energized, a current flows through a portion of the heating element located between the surface electrodes (hereinafter, this portion is referred to as “interelectrode portion”). Therefore, the temperature between the electrodes rises.
- the heating element has a portion that is outside from between the surface electrodes (that is, a portion in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface where the surface electrode is not provided: this portion is hereinafter referred to as “interelectrode exterior”).
- the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction (width direction orthogonal to the axial direction) of the heating element when energized is non-uniform.
- the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction of the heating element becomes non-uniform in this way, the exhaust gas purification ability of the catalyst is not fully exhibited in the low temperature part, which leads to a decrease in the exhaust gas purification rate.
- the thermal stress may increase, which may cause damage to the heating element.
- the circumferential width of the heating element in the surface electrode it is possible to increase the ratio of the inter-electrode portion and decrease the ratio of the inter-electrode outside in the heating element.
- the circumferential width of the heating element in the surface electrode is increased, the distance on the outer peripheral surface of the heating element between the surface electrodes is reduced. If the distance on the outer peripheral surface of the heating element between the surface electrodes is reduced to a certain extent, the current flowing between the surface electrodes tends to flow intensively through the outer peripheral surface of the heating element. As a result, the portion located between the surface electrodes on the outer peripheral surface may be excessively heated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve the exhaust gas purification rate and suppress damage to the heating element by causing the heating element to generate heat more suitably in EHC.
- the pair of surface electrodes are formed so as to extend spirally along the outer peripheral surface of the heating element from one end to the other end of the heating element and intersect each other across the heating element. ing. Furthermore, the width in the vicinity of the end portion in contact with the circumference of the end face of the heating element in the surface electrode is expanded.
- the EHC according to the present invention is A heating element that is formed in a cylindrical shape, generates heat when energized, and heats the catalyst by generating heat;
- the pair of electrodes has surface electrodes formed so as to extend spirally along the outer peripheral surface of the heating element from one end to the other end of the heating element and intersect each other with the heating element interposed therebetween.
- the width in the vicinity of the end of the surface electrode in contact with the circumference of the end face of the heating element is expanded so that the shortest distance on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes in the vicinity of the end is equal to or greater than a predetermined lower limit distance.
- the predetermined lower limit distance is a lower limit value of the distance on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes capable of suppressing the flow of current through the outer peripheral surface of the heating element, and is used for experiments, etc. It is a predetermined distance based on this.
- the width of the end portion of the surface electrode it is possible to suppress the heat generation near the end portion of the heating element while suppressing current from flowing through the outer peripheral surface of the heating element during energization.
- the temperature In the cross-sectional direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the body, the temperature can be raised in a wider range. Therefore, when viewed in the entire axial direction of the heat generating element, the portion that becomes the low temperature part when energized can be made smaller in the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the heat generating element. Therefore, the exhaust gas purification rate can be improved, and damage to the heating element can be suppressed.
- the width in the direction parallel to the circumference of the end face of the heating element near the center in the length direction of the surface electrode is on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes near the center. May be extended in a range in which the shortest distance is equal to or greater than the predetermined lower limit distance.
- the vicinity of the central portion in the length direction of the heating element can be raised in a wider range in the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the shortest distance on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes in the portion where the width of the surface electrode is not expanded may be the predetermined lower limit distance. According to this, the width of the surface electrode can be increased as much as possible while suppressing the current from flowing through the outer peripheral surface of the heating element in the portion where the width of the surface electrode is not expanded.
- the shortest distance on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes in the portion where the width of the surface electrode is not expanded is on the outer periphery of the heating element between the surface electrodes in the portion where the width of the surface electrode is expanded. It may be larger than the shortest distance. According to this, in the part where the width
- the heating element in the EHC, can generate heat more suitably.
- the exhaust gas purification rate can be improved, and damage to the heating element can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of the catalyst carrier
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- FIG. 2B shows a mode that the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier was expand
- FIG. 4A shows a developed view of the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier when the spiral angle of the surface electrode is relatively large
- FIG. 4B shows the catalyst when the spiral angle of the surface electrode is relatively small.
- the development of the outer peripheral surface of the carrier is shown. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the spiral angle of a surface electrode, and the width
- FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of the catalyst carrier, and FIG. 6B shows a state in which the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- FIG. 10A shows a cross-sectional view when the circumferential width of the catalyst carrier of the surface electrode is relatively small
- FIG. 10B shows that the circumferential width of the catalyst carrier of the surface electrode is relatively small. Sectional drawing in the case of being large is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) according to the present embodiment.
- the EHC 1 according to the present embodiment is provided in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine may be a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- the EHC 1 according to the present embodiment can also be used in a vehicle that employs a hybrid system including an electric motor.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the EHC 1 cut in the longitudinal direction along the central axis A of the exhaust pipe 2 of the internal combustion engine. Since the shape of the EHC 1 is line symmetric with respect to the central axis A, only the upper part of the EHC 1 is shown in FIG. 1 for convenience.
- the EHC 1 includes a catalyst carrier 3, a case 4, a mat 5, an inner tube 6, and an electrode 7.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is formed in a columnar shape, and is installed so that its central axis is coaxial with the central axis A of the exhaust pipe 2.
- An exhaust purification catalyst 15 is supported on the catalyst carrier 3. Examples of the exhaust purification catalyst 15 include an oxidation catalyst, a NOx storage reduction catalyst, a selective reduction NOx catalyst, and a three-way catalyst.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is formed of a material that generates electric resistance when heated.
- An example of the material of the catalyst carrier 3 is SiC.
- the catalyst carrier 3 has a plurality of passages (cells) extending in the direction in which the exhaust flows (that is, in the direction of the central axis A) and having a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the exhaust flows.
- the exhaust purification catalyst 15 is carried on a partition wall forming each cell, and the exhaust gas is purified by the exhaust gas flowing through the cell.
- the cross-sectional shape of the catalyst carrier 3 in the direction orthogonal to the central axis A may be an ellipse or the like.
- the central axis A is a central axis common to the exhaust pipe 2, the catalyst carrier 3, the inner pipe 6, and the case 4.
- the catalyst carrier 3 is accommodated in the case 4.
- the case 4 is made of metal.
- a material for forming the case 4 a stainless steel material can be exemplified.
- the case 4 includes an accommodating portion 4a including a curved surface parallel to the central axis A, and a tapered portion 4b that connects the accommodating portion 4a and the exhaust pipe 2 on the upstream side and the downstream side of the accommodating portion 4a. 4c.
- the passage cross-sectional area of the accommodating portion 4a is larger than the passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe 2, and the catalyst carrier 3, the mat 5, and the inner pipe 6 are accommodated therein.
- the tapered portions 4b and 4c have a tapered shape in which the passage cross-sectional area decreases as the distance from the accommodating portion 4a increases.
- a mat 5 is sandwiched between the inner wall surface of the accommodating portion 4 a of the case 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3. That is, the catalyst carrier 3 is supported by the mat 5 in the case 4.
- An inner tube 6 is sandwiched between the mats 5. That is, the mat 5 is divided by the inner tube 6 into the case 4 side and the catalyst carrier 3 side.
- the mat 5 is made of an electrical insulating material.
- Examples of the material for forming the mat 5 include ceramic fibers mainly composed of alumina.
- the mat 5 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube 6. Since the mat 5 is sandwiched between the catalyst carrier 3 and the case 4, electricity is suppressed from flowing to the case 4 when the catalyst carrier 3 is energized.
- the inner tube 6 is made of an electrical insulating material.
- An example of the material for forming the inner tube 6 is alumina.
- the inner tube 6 is formed in a tubular shape centered on the central axis A. As shown in FIG. 1, the inner tube 6 is longer than the mat 5 in the direction of the central axis A. Therefore, the upstream and downstream ends of the inner tube 6 protrude from the upstream and downstream end surfaces of the mat 5.
- a pair of electrodes 7 are connected to the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 (in FIG. 1, only one side (upper side) electrode 7 is shown).
- the electrode 7 is formed by a surface electrode 7a and a shaft electrode 7b.
- the surface electrode 7 a is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3. The detailed configuration of the surface electrode 7a will be described later.
- One end of the shaft electrode 7b is connected to the surface electrode 7a.
- the other end of the shaft electrode 7 b protrudes outside the case 4 through the electrode chamber 9.
- the case 4 and the inner tube 6 are provided with through holes 4d and 6a for passing the shaft electrode 7b.
- the mat 5 has a space for passing the shaft electrode 7b.
- the electrode chamber 9 is formed by such a space that is located between the inner wall surface of the case 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 and in which the side wall surface is formed by the mat 5.
- a support member 8 that supports the shaft electrode 7b is provided in the through-hole 4d opened in the case 4 (that is, the upper portion of the electrode chamber 9).
- the support member 8 is formed of an electrical insulating material, and is provided between the case 4 and the shaft electrode 7b without a gap.
- the other end of the shaft electrode 7b is electrically connected to a battery (not shown). Electricity is supplied to the electrode 7 from the battery. When electricity is supplied to the electrode 7, the catalyst carrier 3 is energized. When the catalyst carrier 3 generates heat by energization, the exhaust purification catalyst 15 carried on the catalyst carrier 3 is heated, and its activation is promoted.
- the catalyst carrier 3 corresponds to the heating element according to the present invention.
- the heating element according to the present invention is not limited to the carrier supporting the catalyst.
- the heating element may be a structure installed on the upstream side of the catalyst.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a state in which an outer peripheral surface of a conventional EHC catalyst carrier is developed.
- the hatched portion indicates the portion where the surface electrode 7a is provided.
- two surface electrodes 7a are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the catalyst carrier 3 so as to face each other with the catalyst carrier 3 interposed therebetween and in parallel with the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3. It has been.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier and the electrode catalyst carrier in the conventional EHC in which the surface electrode is provided as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10A shows a cross-sectional view when the circumferential width of the surface support 7a of the catalyst carrier 3 is relatively small (for example, when the width of the surface electrode 7a is 90 °)
- FIG. (B) shows a cross-sectional view when the width of the surface electrode 7a in the circumferential direction of the catalyst carrier 3 is relatively large (for example, when the width of the surface electrode 7a is larger than 90 °).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the surface electrode in the EHC according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of the catalyst carrier
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- the shaded portion indicates the surface electrode 7a.
- the surface electrode 7 a is formed to be inclined at a predetermined angle ⁇ with respect to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, and extends from one end of the catalyst carrier 3 to the other end. Extending along the outer circumferential surface of the catalyst carrier 3. The two surface electrodes 7a are formed so as to cross each other with the catalyst carrier 3 interposed therebetween.
- the surface electrode 7a When the surface electrode 7a is formed in a spiral shape along the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 in this way, the electrode in a cross section in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3 as the catalyst carrier 3 advances from the front end to the rear end. The position of the intermediate portion is shifted in the direction of rotation around the axis of the catalyst carrier 3. As a result, as viewed in the entire axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, as shown in FIG. 3, the ratio between the electrodes (the portion shown in gray in FIG. 3) occupies the cross section in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3. As compared with the conventional case, the surface electrode 7a is larger than the case where the surface electrode 7a is formed in parallel with the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3. Therefore, when viewed in the entire axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, in the cross section in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, the external part between the electrodes (the portion surrounded by the broken line in FIG. ) Can
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the EHC 1 can be reduced without contacting the activated exhaust purification catalyst 15. Therefore, the exhaust gas purification rate can be improved. Moreover, since the dispersion
- the inclination angle of the surface electrode 7a with respect to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3 (hereinafter, this inclination angle is referred to as a spiral angle). This will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the surface electrode 7 a is formed in parallel with the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, the width of the surface electrode 7 a and the distance between the surface electrodes are arc lengths with the axis of the catalyst carrier 3 as the center point.
- the width of the surface electrode 7a and the distance between the surface electrodes are arcs centered on the axis of the catalyst carrier 3 when the surface electrode 7a is assumed to be formed in parallel with the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3. It shall be expressed as the center angle of.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed when the surface electrode is spirally formed along the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier.
- FIG. 4A shows a developed view of the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier when the spiral angle of the surface electrode is relatively large
- FIG. 4B shows the catalyst when the spiral angle of the surface electrode is relatively small.
- the development of the outer peripheral surface of the carrier is shown. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the hatched portion indicates the surface electrode 7a.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance is the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3. It is necessary to ensure that current is prevented from flowing through. According to the earnest study of the inventors of the present invention, in order to suppress the flow of current through the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3, it is necessary to set the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes to a central angle of 90 ° or more. There was found.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes is set to a central angle of 90 °.
- the width of the surface electrode 7a is smaller when the spiral angle of the surface electrode 7a is large than when the spiral angle is small.
- the width of the surface electrode 7a becomes excessively small, it is difficult to raise the temperature of the catalyst carrier 3 within a sufficient range. According to the diligent research of the inventors of the present invention, it has been found that in order to raise the temperature of the catalyst carrier 3 within a sufficient range, the width of the surface electrode 7a needs to be set to a central angle of 60 ° or more.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the spiral angle of the surface electrode and the width of the surface electrode when the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes is 90 °.
- the width of the surface electrode 7a decreases as the spiral angle of the surface electrode 7a increases.
- the width of the surface electrode 7a needs to be set to a central angle of 60 ° or more. In order to satisfy such a condition, it is necessary to set the spiral angle of the surface electrode 7a to 33 ° or less from FIG.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes is set to a central angle of 90 °, and the temperature of the catalyst carrier 3 is increased within a sufficient range.
- the spiral angle of the surface electrode 7a needs to be 33 ° or less. Therefore, also in the EHC according to the present embodiment, the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes is 90 °, and the spiral angle of the surface electrode 7a (angle ⁇ shown in FIG. 2B) is 33 ° or less. It has become.
- the configuration of the surface electrode of the EHC according to the present embodiment will be further described.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes at the end surface portion of the catalyst carrier 3 is usually the catalyst on the outer periphery of the catalyst carrier 3 between the surface electrodes.
- a distance in a direction parallel to the circumference of the end face of the carrier 3 hereinafter, this distance is referred to as an outer peripheral distance).
- the surface electrode 7a is spirally formed along the outer periphery of the catalyst carrier 3, and the end portion of the surface electrode 7a that is in contact with the circumference of the end surface of the catalyst carrier 3 Extend neighborhood width. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2B, if the width of the end portion of the surface electrode 7a is not expanded, the side that intersects the circumference of the end surface of the catalyst carrier 3 at an acute angle is expanded outward. , Expanding the width near the end.
- the surface electrode By configuring the surface electrode as described above, the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3 in the vicinity of the end of the catalyst carrier 3 within a range where current can be suppressed from flowing through the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3.
- the ratio of the inter-electrode portion in the cross section orthogonal to can be increased as much as possible. That is, the vicinity of the end of the catalyst carrier 3 can be heated in a wider range in the cross-sectional direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the surface electrode in the EHC according to the present modification.
- FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of the catalyst carrier
- FIG. 6B shows a state in which the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier is developed.
- the shaded portion indicates the surface electrode 7a.
- the surface electrode 7a extends spirally along the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 from one end to the other end of the catalyst carrier 3 as described above.
- the two surface electrodes 7a are formed so as to cross each other with the catalyst carrier 3 interposed therebetween.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance in the portion other than the end portion and the central portion of the surface electrode 7a is from the vertex of the portion where the width of one surface electrode 7a is expanded to the other surface. This is the distance on the outer peripheral surface of the catalyst carrier 3 to the electrode 7a.
- the portion that becomes the low temperature portion when energized is made smaller in the cross-sectional direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3. Can do. Therefore, the exhaust gas purification rate can be improved, and damage to the catalyst carrier 3 can be suppressed.
- the shortest outer circumference distance between the surface electrodes is corrected according to the linear distance between the front surface electrodes without making the shortest outer circumference distance between the surface electrodes constant at 90 °.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the linear distance between the surface electrodes at each position between the front end and the rear end of the catalyst carrier 3.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing correction coefficients at each position between the front end and the rear end of the catalyst carrier 3 when correcting the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes in the present modification. In FIG. 8, the correction is performed so that the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes increases as the correction coefficient increases.
- L1 indicates a value when the conventional surface electrode 7a is formed horizontally with the axial direction of the catalyst carrier 3, and L2 indicates that the surface electrode 7a is as shown in FIG. FIG.
- the shortest outer peripheral distance between the surface electrodes is increased as the linear distance between the surface electrodes is increased.
- the width in the direction parallel to the circumference of the end face of the catalyst carrier 3 is expanded in a part of the surface electrode 7a, the width is not expanded.
- the width of the partial surface electrode 7a is made smaller.
- Electric heating catalyst (EHC) 3 Electric heating catalyst (EHC) 3 .
- Catalyst carrier 4 Case 7 .
- Surface electrode 7b Shaft electrode
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
円柱状に形成され、通電により発熱し、発熱することで触媒を加熱する発熱体と、
前記発熱体に電気を供給する電極であって、該発熱体を挟み込むように該発熱体の外周面に接続された一対の電極と、を備え、
前記一対の電極が、前記発熱体の一端から他端に向かって該発熱体の外周面に沿って螺旋状に延び且つ前記発熱体を挟んで互いに交差するように形成された表面電極を有し、
前記表面電極における前記発熱体の端面の円周と接する端部近傍の幅が、該端部近傍における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離が所定の下限距離以上となる範囲で拡張されている。
図1は、本実施例に係る電気加熱式触媒(EHC)の概略構成を示す図である。本実施例に係るEHC1は、車両に搭載される内燃機関の排気管に設けられる。内燃機関は、ディーゼル機関であっても、ガソリン機関であってもよい。また、電気モータを備えたハイブリッドシステムを採用した車両においても本実施例に係るEHC1を用いることができる。
以下、本実施例の第一変形例について説明する。図6は、本変形例に係るEHCにおける表面電極の概略構成を示す図である。図6(a)は、触媒担体の斜視図を示しており、図6(b)は、触媒担体の外周面を展開した様子を示す図である。図6(b)においては、斜線部が、表面電極7aを示している。
以下、本実施例の第二変形例について説明する。上記実施例及び第一変形例のように表面電極7aの一部において、触媒担体3の端面の円周と並行な方向の幅を拡張すると、該幅を拡張した部分では、該幅を拡張していない部分に比べて表面電極間の直線距離が小さくなる。尚、表面電極間の直線距離とは、両表面電極7aの側端部を触媒担体3の内部を通り且つ該触媒担体3の軸方向と直交する直線で結んだときの該直線の長さである。
3・・・触媒担体
4・・・ケース
7・・・電極
7a・・表面電極
7b・・軸電極
Claims (4)
- 円柱状に形成され、通電により発熱し、発熱することで触媒を加熱する発熱体と、
前記発熱体に電気を供給する電極であって、該発熱体を挟み込むように該発熱体の外周面に接続された一対の電極と、を備え、
前記一対の電極が、前記発熱体の一端から他端に向かって該発熱体の外周面に沿って螺旋状に延び且つ前記発熱体を挟んで互いに交差するように形成された表面電極を有し、
前記表面電極における前記発熱体の端面の円周と接する端部近傍の幅が、該端部近傍における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離が所定の下限距離以上となる範囲で拡張されている電気加熱式触媒。 - さらに、前記表面電極における長さ方向の中央部近傍の前記発熱体の端面の円周と並行な方向の幅が、該中央部近傍における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離が前記所定の下限距離以上となる範囲で拡張されている請求項1に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 前記表面電極の幅が拡張されていない部分における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離が前記所定の下限距離となっている請求項1又は2に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
- 前記表面電極の幅が拡張されていない部分における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離が、前記表面電極の幅が拡張された部分における表面電極間の前記発熱体の外周上の最短距離よりも大きくなっている請求項1又は2に記載の電気加熱式触媒。
Priority Applications (5)
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EP11858083.6A EP2674215B1 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | Electric heating catalyst |
PCT/JP2011/052922 WO2012108047A1 (ja) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
CN201180067227.2A CN103347611B (zh) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | 电加热式催化剂 |
US13/983,962 US9371761B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | Electric heating catalyst |
JP2012556723A JP5655870B2 (ja) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | 電気加熱式触媒 |
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US (1) | US9371761B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2674215B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5655870B2 (ja) |
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JPWO2014148506A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2017-02-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 還元剤噴射装置、排ガス処理装置及び排ガス処理方法 |
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DE102018127074A1 (de) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-04-30 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh | Katalysatorkörper, elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator, Kraftfahrzeug mit Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators |
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CN103347611A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
JP5655870B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
EP2674215B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
EP2674215A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
JPWO2012108047A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
US20130312395A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
US9371761B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
EP2674215A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
CN103347611B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
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