WO2012105012A1 - 内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012105012A1 WO2012105012A1 PCT/JP2011/052163 JP2011052163W WO2012105012A1 WO 2012105012 A1 WO2012105012 A1 WO 2012105012A1 JP 2011052163 W JP2011052163 W JP 2011052163W WO 2012105012 A1 WO2012105012 A1 WO 2012105012A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- crank angle
- ignition
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- cylinder pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1486—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor with correction for particular operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/08—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring pressure in cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode
- F02D41/3041—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode with means for triggering compression ignition, e.g. spark plug
- F02D41/3047—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode with means for triggering compression ignition, e.g. spark plug said means being a secondary injection of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine.
- preignition In an internal combustion engine, a phenomenon called preignition may occur.
- the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is ignited before the original ignition by the spark plug.
- preignition occurs, an abnormally high in-cylinder pressure is generated, and the engine may be damaged.
- knocking is induced by pre-ignition and noise is generated.
- ⁇ Ions are generated when preignition occurs, and when these ions reach the spark plug electrode, an ion current flows between the spark plug electrodes.
- the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 below detects the ionic current, thereby detecting the occurrence of preignition.
- the device described in Patent Document 1 performs fuel injection near the top dead center of the intake stroke so that the fuel reaches the spark plug. More specifically, fuel injection is performed so that the fuel injected from the in-cylinder injector hits the top surface of the piston, changes its direction toward the spark plug, and reaches the spark plug. And preignition is suppressed by lowering
- Patent Document 2 discloses a crank having a compression pressure ratio ( ⁇ PT / ⁇ P0) between the compression pressure (PT) at the top dead center of the crank angle and the reference in-cylinder pressure (P0) during the compression stroke and in-cylinder pressure (P).
- the in-cylinder pressure change rate ( ⁇ P / ⁇ ) with respect to the angle ( ⁇ ) is calculated, and the presence / absence of pre-ignition and knocking is determined using these values.
- the air / fuel ratio of the engine And a technique for increasing the air-fuel ratio and delaying the fuel injection start time when preignition and knocking occur.
- Patent Document 3 a pre-ignition is detected by comparing the in-cylinder pressure predicted by the physical model and the in-cylinder pressure measured by the in-cylinder pressure sensor, and when the pre-ignition is detected, the in-cylinder injector is detected.
- a technique for suppressing preignition by re-injecting fuel is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 it is assumed that preignition is generated by the heat of the spark plug itself, but according to recent research, the preignition is not necessarily generated by the heat of the spark plug itself. For example, deposits (carbon) deposited on the walls of the combustion chamber may be peeled off, and the peeled pieces may become a fire type to cause preignition. For this reason, even if the temperature of the spark plug is lowered, it is difficult to reliably suppress preignition.
- Patent Document 1 fuel injection for suppressing preignition is performed near the top dead center of the intake stroke, that is, before the crank angle at which preignition can occur. For this reason, even if preignition is detected, combustion of the preignition of the detected cycle cannot be suppressed. For this reason, an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure in the cycle in which pre-ignition is detected cannot be avoided.
- Patent Document 2 in which the pre-ignition is suppressed by changing the air-fuel ratio or the fuel injection start timing, the pre-ignition combustion cannot be suppressed in the cycle in which the pre-ignition is detected. It is impossible to avoid an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure in the cycle in which this is detected.
- Patent Document 3 describes that re-injection from the in-cylinder injector in a cycle in which pre-ignition is detected makes it possible to extinguish or attenuate the flame of the pre-ignition. In practice, however, there is doubt that this effect can be obtained. As is well known, there is an operation delay after the injection signal from the control unit is turned on until the injector is opened and fuel is actually injected. For this reason, even if re-injection is performed after detecting the pre-ignition, it is already too late, and the pre-ignition flame has already spread in the cylinder when the fuel is actually injected. For this reason, it is difficult to avoid an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a control device for an internal combustion engine that can reliably avoid an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to pre-ignition.
- a first invention is an apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine provided with an injector that directly injects fuel into a cylinder.
- a pre-ignition detection means for performing a pre-ignition detection operation during a period up to a crank angle ⁇ A;
- An injection instruction means for issuing an injection instruction for performing fuel injection for suppressing combustion of pre-ignition to the injector at a crank angle ⁇ B before the crank angle ⁇ A; It is characterized by providing.
- the second invention is the first invention, wherein When the pre-ignition detection means detects pre-ignition during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A, fuel injection according to the injection instruction is continuously performed for a predetermined time or until a crank angle ⁇ C after the crank angle ⁇ A.
- An injection control means is provided.
- the third invention is the first or second invention, wherein
- the pre-ignition detection means does not detect pre-ignition during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A
- the pre-ignition detection means includes an energization stop means for stopping energization of the injector started by the injection instruction.
- 4th invention is set in 3rd invention, The time from the crank angle ⁇ B to the crank angle ⁇ A is not longer than the time corresponding to the valve opening delay time of the injector.
- the fifth invention is the third invention, wherein The time point of the crank angle ⁇ A is after the time point when the injector opens according to the injection instruction, and before the time point when fuel injection is scheduled to end according to the injection instruction.
- Possibility determination means for determining whether or not the operating state of the internal combustion engine is a state where there is a possibility that pre-ignition occurs.
- the injection instruction means issues the injection instruction when the determination result of the possibility determination means is affirmative.
- crank angle ⁇ B is in the compression stroke range.
- an eighth invention is any one of the first to seventh inventions,
- the crank angle ⁇ B is a crank angle before the earliest crank angle at which pre-ignition can occur.
- An in-cylinder pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the cylinder;
- Index value calculating means for calculating an index value that is an index of the amount of heat generation based on the in-cylinder pressure detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor;
- the preignition detection means determines whether or not preignition has occurred based on the index value calculated by the index value calculation means.
- the tenth invention is the ninth invention, wherein
- the in-cylinder pressure is P
- the in-cylinder volume is V
- the specific heat ratio of the in-cylinder gas is ⁇
- the index value is expressed by PV ⁇ .
- the eleventh invention is the ninth invention, wherein
- the in-cylinder pressure is P
- the volume in the cylinder is V
- the specific heat ratio of in-cylinder gas is ⁇
- the crank angle is ⁇
- the index value is expressed by d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ .
- the fuel injection for suppressing the combustion of the pre-ignition can be surely made in time for the start of burning of the pre-ignition. For this reason, the flame of preignition can be surely extinguished or attenuated at the initial time. Therefore, it is possible to reliably avoid an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to pre-ignition.
- an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to pre-ignition can be avoided more reliably.
- the amount of fuel injected can be saved in a cycle in which the occurrence of preignition is not detected during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A.
- the quantity of the fuel injected in order to suppress preignition can be saved as a whole, and a reduction in fuel consumption can be achieved.
- the deviation of the air-fuel ratio due to fuel injection for suppressing preignition can be suppressed, and the emission can be reduced.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention it is not necessary to perform fuel injection for suppressing preignition in a cycle in which the occurrence of preignition is not detected during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A. For this reason, further reduction in fuel consumption and emission can be achieved.
- the fifth aspect it is possible to more reliably extinguish or attenuate a preignition flame that starts relatively slowly. For this reason, an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure can be avoided more reliably.
- the fuel injection for suppressing the combustion of the pre-ignition can be surely made in time for the start of burning of the pre-ignition.
- the fuel injection for suppressing the combustion of the pre-ignition can be surely made in time for the start of pre-ignition burning.
- the occurrence of pre-ignition can be accurately detected at an early stage. As a result, it is possible to achieve both higher levels of prevention of abnormal rise of in-cylinder pressure, lower fuel consumption, and lower emissions.
- the occurrence of pre-ignition can be accurately detected at an early stage. As a result, it is possible to achieve both higher levels of prevention of abnormal rise of in-cylinder pressure, lower fuel consumption, and lower emissions.
- the occurrence of pre-ignition can be accurately detected at an early stage. As a result, it is possible to achieve both higher levels of prevention of abnormal rise of in-cylinder pressure, lower fuel consumption, and lower emissions.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a system configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the system according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a spark ignition type internal combustion engine 10.
- the number of cylinders and the cylinder arrangement of the internal combustion engine 10 are not particularly limited. In FIG. 1, only one cylinder is representatively depicted.
- Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine 10 is provided with a piston 12, an intake valve 14, an exhaust valve 16, a spark plug 18, and an injector 20 that injects fuel directly into the cylinder (combustion chamber).
- an intake passage 22 and an exhaust passage 24 are connected to each cylinder.
- the internal combustion engine 10 has a turbocharger 26 as a supercharger.
- the turbocharger 26 has a compressor 26a and a turbine 26b.
- the compressor 26 a is arranged in the middle of the intake passage 22, and the turbine 26 b is arranged in the middle of the exhaust passage 24.
- an air cleaner 28 and an air flow meter 30 for detecting the intake air amount are installed in the intake passage 22 upstream of the compressor 26a.
- An intercooler 32 and a throttle valve 34 are provided in the intake passage 22 on the downstream side of the compressor 26a.
- a bypass passage 38 communicating the upstream exhaust passage 24 and the downstream exhaust passage 24 of the turbine 26b, and a bypass valve 40 (a waste gate valve) capable of opening and closing the bypass passage 38 are provided. And are installed.
- a catalytic converter 42 for purifying exhaust gas is installed in the exhaust passage 24 downstream of the turbine 26b. The catalytic converter 42 can obtain a high purification rate when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is in the vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the system of the present embodiment includes a crank angle sensor 44 that detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 10, an in-cylinder pressure sensor 46 that detects in-cylinder pressure, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit that controls the operating state of the internal combustion engine 10. ) 50.
- the ECU 50 is electrically connected to the various sensors and actuators described above.
- the ECU 50 controls the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 by driving each actuator based on information detected by each sensor. For example, the fuel injection amount is calculated based on the engine speed detected by the crank angle sensor 44 and the intake air amount detected by the air flow meter 30, and the fuel injection timing, ignition timing, etc. are determined based on the crank angle. Later, the injector 20 and the spark plug 18 are driven.
- the main fuel injection (normal fuel injection) from the injector 20 is performed in the intake stroke. Alternatively, it may be performed from the intake stroke to the first half of the compression stroke. This fuel injection forms an air-fuel mixture in the cylinder, and this air-fuel mixture is ignited by the spark plug 18 and burned.
- Preignition means that the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder ignites before the normal ignition timing.
- the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder before ignition by the spark plug 18 is performed. Says to ignite.
- the whole principle of pre-ignition is not always clear, but for example, deposit (carbon) deposited on the wall of the combustion chamber may be peeled off, and the peeled piece may become a fire type and pre-ignition may occur. It is done.
- Pre-ignition does not occur in all operation regions, but tends to occur in a specific operation region.
- pre-ignition occurs in a region where the engine speed is low and the engine load is high (hereinafter referred to as “low rotation high load region”). there is a possibility.
- the ECU 50 of the present embodiment can execute an operation capable of detecting the occurrence of pre-ignition in real time (hereinafter referred to as “pre-ignition detection operation”) based on the in-cylinder pressure detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 46. .
- pre-ignition detection operation an operation capable of detecting the occurrence of pre-ignition in real time
- the ECU 50 can calculate PV ⁇ as a calorific value index value, where P is the in-cylinder pressure detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 46, V is the in-cylinder volume, and ⁇ is the specific heat ratio of the in-cylinder gas. Note that the value of the in-cylinder volume V is a function of the crank angle ⁇ and is stored in the ECU 50 in advance.
- the value of the specific heat ratio ⁇ is also stored in the ECU 50 in advance.
- the value of PV ⁇ correlates with the amount of heat generated in the cylinder. When the air-fuel mixture by pre-ignition is ignited, the heat is generated in the cylinder, the value of PV kappa increases.
- the ECU 50 repeatedly calculates the value of PV ⁇ for each unit crank angle or for each unit time during a period from a predetermined crank angle before the compression top dead center (TDC) to a predetermined crank angle ⁇ A before the ignition timing. .
- TDC compression top dead center
- ⁇ A predetermined crank angle
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the value of PV ⁇ when preignition occurs. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, it is determined that preignition has occurred at a position surrounded by a circle.
- the occurrence of pre-ignition is determined by comparing the value of the in-cylinder pressure P itself detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 46 with a model in-cylinder pressure predicted from a physical model or the like.
- a method is also conceivable.
- the in-cylinder pressure rises due to compression even if pre-ignition has not occurred. Therefore, it is discriminated whether or not the in-cylinder pressure P detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 46 is affected by the pre-ignition. Is difficult. For this reason, in this method, it is difficult to detect the occurrence of preignition at an early stage (at the start of burning), and it is not possible to detect it accurately until the combustion of preignition has spread.
- the calorific value index value such as PV ⁇ described above is maintained substantially constant before pre-ignition occurs, and increases rapidly from the moment when pre-ignition occurs. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by performing the preignition detection operation based on such a calorific value index value, the occurrence of preignition can be accurately detected at an early stage (at the start of burning).
- the pre-ignition detecting operation of the present embodiment as the heating value index value, in place of the PV kappa, PV and kappa is a value obtained by differentiating the crank angle ⁇ d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ may be used.
- ECU50 by dividing the amount of change in PV kappa in variation of the crank angle theta, can be calculated d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ . In this case, the ECU 50 repeatedly calculates the value of d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ every unit crank angle or every unit time until the crank angle ⁇ A.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in the value of d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ when preignition occurs. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, it is determined that preignition has occurred at a position surrounded by a circle.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the in-cylinder pressure in the compression stroke and the expansion stroke of the internal combustion engine 10.
- A, B, and C respectively show examples (modes) of in-cylinder pressure when preignition occurs and combustion is performed.
- the broken line indicates the in-cylinder pressure in the case of normal combustion, that is, in the case where combustion starts by ignition with the spark plug 18.
- the ignition timing is after the compression top dead center. For this reason, in the case of normal combustion, after the compression top dead center is passed and the in-cylinder pressure starts to decrease, combustion starts and the in-cylinder pressure increases.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C when the combustion starts by preignition and the air-fuel mixture burns earlier than originally intended, the in-cylinder pressure rises abnormally higher than in the case of normal combustion.
- the cause of pre-ignition includes accidental events such as deposit peeling as described above. For this reason, there is some variation in the timing at which pre-ignition occurs.
- A indicates an aspect in which the start of burning is the earliest
- B indicates an aspect in which the start of burning is slower than A
- C indicates an aspect in which the start of burning is further slower than B.
- the in-cylinder pressure may increase beyond the design-guaranteed in-cylinder pressure of the internal combustion engine 10 as indicated by A to C in FIG. In this case, the internal combustion engine 10 may be damaged.
- preignition suppression injection The fuel injection for suppressing the combustion of preignition in this way is hereinafter referred to as “preignition suppression injection”.
- the ECU 50 of the present system issues an injection instruction for pre-ignition suppression injection at a timing before the earliest crank angle at which pre-ignition can occur.
- the predetermined crank angle ⁇ B at which the ECU 50 issues an injection instruction to the injector 20 is set to a crank angle before the crank angle ⁇ A at which the pre-ignition detection operation is terminated.
- the crank angle ⁇ B is set to be in the vicinity of the time point that is earlier by the valve opening delay time of the injector 20 from the time point when the preignition A having the earliest start of combustion is the earliest. It is desirable.
- the actual injection of the preignition suppression injection can be started in time for the preignition A in the form of the earliest start of combustion in time for the start of burning.
- the flame can be reliably extinguished or attenuated at an early point. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure such as A to C in FIG. 4, and to reliably prevent the in-cylinder pressure from exceeding the design guarantee in-cylinder pressure.
- the ECU 50 executes the preignition detection operation during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A.
- the crank angle ⁇ A is set to be a crank angle before the ignition timing or a crank angle before the crank angle at which the increase in in-cylinder pressure due to normal combustion starts.
- the fuel injection of the preignition suppression injection is continuously performed for a predetermined time or a predetermined crank angle ⁇ C after the crank angle ⁇ A. .
- the ECU 50 stops energization of the injector 20 at the time of the crank angle ⁇ A.
- the pre-ignition suppression injection is terminated in the middle when the actual injection has already started, and is stopped in advance if the actual injection has not yet started. Become.
- the pre-ignition like the mode C in which the start of burning is the slowest among pre-ignitions in which the in-cylinder pressure exceeds the design-guaranteed in-cylinder pressure. It is desirable to set it close to the time point that can be detected. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the pre-ignition tends to have a lower maximum in-cylinder pressure as the start time of burning is later. For this reason, preignition that is detected after the crank angle ⁇ A has been exceeded can be regarded as having no possibility that the in-cylinder pressure exceeds the design-guaranteed in-cylinder pressure without extinguishing the fire.
- the in-cylinder pressure is maintained even if the pre-ignition suppression injection is terminated halfway or even if the pre-ignition suppression injection is stopped in advance. Design guaranteed cylinder pressure will not be exceeded and there is no problem.
- the time of the crank angle ⁇ A is after the time when the fuel injection of the preignition suppression injection actually starts, that is, the time when the injector 20 opens.
- the actual injection of the preignition suppression injection starts regardless of whether or not preignition occurs. If the occurrence of pre-ignition is not detected during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A, the actual injection is terminated halfway. In this case, as compared with the case where preignition suppression injection is executed up to the crank angle ⁇ C that is the scheduled end point, the amount of fuel injected during the period ⁇ (from crank angle ⁇ A to crank angle ⁇ C) in FIG. , Can save fuel.
- the pre-ignition suppression injection is continuously executed as planned until the crank angle ⁇ C only in the cycle in which the occurrence of the pre-ignition is detected in the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A.
- the pre-ignition suppression injection is ended at the time of the crank angle ⁇ A before the crank angle ⁇ C that is the scheduled end time.
- fuel efficiency can be reduced as compared to the case where the same amount of preignition suppression injection is performed every cycle. Moreover, since the deviation of the air-fuel ratio due to pre-ignition suppression injection can be suppressed, the emission can be reduced.
- the time from the crank angle ⁇ B to the crank angle ⁇ A may be set to be equal to or shorter than the valve opening delay time of the injector 20.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the time from the crank angle ⁇ B to the crank angle ⁇ A is equal to the valve opening delay time of the injector 20.
- the actual injection has not yet started at the time of the crank angle ⁇ A. Absent.
- the current injection can be stopped at the crank angle ⁇ A, so that the actual injection can be stopped beforehand. That is, it is not necessary to inject fuel for preignition suppression injection in a cycle in which the occurrence of preignition is not detected in the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A. For this reason, further reduction in fuel consumption and emission can be achieved.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the present embodiment in order to realize the above function.
- This routine is executed every cycle of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the ECU 50 stores a map of a predetermined low rotation / high load area where pre-ignition may occur.
- this step 100 when the current engine speed and engine load are within the low rotation and high load range, it is determined that the driving state is likely to cause pre-ignition. Otherwise, it is determined that the driving state is not likely to cause pre-ignition.
- step 100 If it is determined in step 100 that the driving state is not likely to cause pre-ignition, the processing of this routine is terminated as it is. In this case, preignition suppression injection is not performed. Thus, in this embodiment, since it is not an operation state in which preignition may occur, preignition suppression injection is not performed, so fuel efficiency can be reduced. Further, since the deviation of the air-fuel ratio due to pre-ignition suppression injection does not occur, the emission can be reduced.
- step 100 if it is determined in step 100 that the operation state is likely to cause pre-ignition, an injection instruction is issued to the injector 20 at a predetermined crank angle ⁇ B within the compression stroke range. It is. Thereby, energization to the injector 20 is started from the crank angle ⁇ B.
- the preignition detection operation described above is executed during the period up to the crank angle ⁇ A (step 104).
- the fuel injection is continuously performed for a predetermined time or until the predetermined crank angle ⁇ C (step 106).
- the energization of the injector 20 is prohibited at that time (step 108). That is, in this case, energization to the injector 20 is stopped at the time of the crank angle ⁇ A.
- the pre-ignition detection operation of the present embodiment by detecting the pre-ignition based on the calorific index value such as PV kappa or d (PV ⁇ ) / d ⁇ , early occurrence of pre-ignition It can be detected with high accuracy (at the start of burning).
- This has the following advantages. As shown in FIG. 4, in order to reliably prevent an abnormal increase in the in-cylinder pressure that exceeds the design guarantee in-cylinder pressure, not only pre-ignition as in aspect A and aspect B but also start of burning as in aspect C. Even in the case of a relatively slow pre-ignition, it is necessary to execute the pre-ignition suppression injection as scheduled. For this purpose, it is necessary to set the crank angle ⁇ A to a somewhat slow crank angle.
- crank angle ⁇ A is a crank angle that is too early, the energization to the injector 20 is stopped before the preignition as in the aspect C is detected, and the preignition suppression injection is stopped. This is because an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to such pre-ignition may not be avoided.
- the slower the set value of the crank angle ⁇ A the shorter the period from the crank angle ⁇ A to the crank angle ⁇ C.
- the fuel reduction effect obtained when preignition suppression injection is stopped is proportional to the length of the period from the crank angle ⁇ A to the crank angle ⁇ C ( ⁇ in FIG. 4).
- the slower the set value of the crank angle ⁇ A the greater the amount of fuel consumed in the preignition suppression injection, so the effects of lower fuel consumption and lower emissions are reduced. That is, from the viewpoint of increasing the effects of low fuel consumption and low emission, it is desirable to set the crank angle ⁇ A as fast as possible.
- the timing at which the preignition can be detected as in the aspect C is late, so the set value of the crank angle ⁇ A must be delayed accordingly.
- the occurrence of pre-ignition can be accurately detected at an early stage.
- crank angle ⁇ A can be set as fast as possible. For this reason, it is possible to achieve both a higher level of reliably avoiding an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure exceeding the design-guaranteed in-cylinder pressure and reducing fuel consumption and emission.
- the pre-ignition detection operation in the present invention is not limited to detecting pre-ignition based on the calorific value index value, and the pre-ignition is detected based on the value of the in-cylinder pressure P itself detected by the in-cylinder pressure sensor 46. It may be one that detects pre-ignition by detecting an ionic current flowing between the electrodes of the spark plug.
- the present invention is not limited to a spark ignition internal combustion engine, for example, a premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine or a premixing engine.
- the present invention can also be applied to an internal combustion engine that uses both compression ignition and spark ignition.
- the ECU 50 executes the process of step 104, so that the “pre-ignition detection means” in the first invention executes the process of step 102.
- the “injection instructing means” in the invention executes the process of step 106, and the “injection control means” in the second invention executes the process of step 108, thereby “energizing” in the third invention.
- the “cancellation means” implements the “possibility determination means” according to the sixth aspect of the present invention by executing the processing of step 100 described above.
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Abstract
Description
クランク角θAまでの期間、プレイグニションの検出操作を実行するプレイグニション検出手段と、
プレイグニションの燃焼を抑制する燃料噴射を行うための噴射指示を、前記クランク角θAより前のクランク角θBのときに、前記インジェクタに対して出す噴射指示手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記プレイグニション検出手段が前記クランク角θAまでの期間にプレイグニションを検出した場合に、前記噴射指示による燃料噴射を、所定時間、または前記クランク角θAより後のクランク角θCまで、継続して行う噴射制御手段を備えることを特徴とする。
前記プレイグニション検出手段が前記クランク角θAまでの期間にプレイグニションを検出しなかった場合に、前記噴射指示によって開始された前記インジェクタに対する通電を中止する通電中止手段を備えることを特徴とする。
前記クランク角θBから前記クランク角θAまでの時間が、前記インジェクタの開弁遅れ時間に相当する時間以下であることを特徴とする。
前記クランク角θAの時点は、前記噴射指示により前記インジェクタが開弁する時点より後であって、前記噴射指示による燃料噴射の終了予定時点より前であることを特徴とする。
前記内燃機関の運転状態が、プレイグニションが発生する可能性がある状態であるか否かを判定する可能性判定手段を備え、
前記噴射指示手段は、前記可能性判定手段の判定結果が肯定である場合に、前記噴射指示を出すことを特徴とする。
前記クランク角θBは、圧縮行程の範囲にあることを特徴とする。
前記クランク角θBは、プレイグニションが発生し得る最も早いクランク角より前のクランク角であることを特徴とする。
前記気筒内の圧力を検出する筒内圧センサと、
前記筒内圧センサで検出される筒内圧に基づいて、発熱量の指標となる指標値を算出する指標値算出手段と、
を備え、
前記プレイグニション検出手段は、前記指標値算出手段により算出される指標値に基づいてプレイグニションの発生の有無を判定することを特徴とする。
前記筒内圧をP、前記気筒内の容積をV、筒内ガスの比熱比をκとしたとき、前記指標値は、PVκで表されることを特徴とする。
前記筒内圧をP、前記気筒内の容積をV、筒内ガスの比熱比をκ、クランク角をθとしたとき、前記指標値は、d(PVκ)/dθで表されることを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1のシステム構成を説明するための図である。図1に示すように、本発明の実施の形態1のシステムは、火花点火式の内燃機関10を備えている。内燃機関10の気筒数および気筒配置は特に限定されない。図1には、一つの気筒のみが代表して描かれている。
12 ピストン
14 吸気弁
16 排気弁
18 点火プラグ
20 インジェクタ
22 吸気通路
24 排気通路
26 ターボチャージャ
34 スロットル弁
46 筒内圧センサ
50 ECU
Claims (11)
- 気筒内に直接に燃料を噴射するインジェクタを備えた内燃機関を制御する装置であって、
クランク角θAまでの期間、プレイグニションの検出操作を実行するプレイグニション検出手段と、
プレイグニションの燃焼を抑制する燃料噴射を行うための噴射指示を、前記クランク角θAより前のクランク角θBのときに、前記インジェクタに対して出す噴射指示手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記プレイグニション検出手段が前記クランク角θAまでの期間にプレイグニションを検出した場合に、前記噴射指示による燃料噴射を、所定時間、または前記クランク角θAより後のクランク角θCまで、継続して行う噴射制御手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記プレイグニション検出手段が前記クランク角θAまでの期間にプレイグニションを検出しなかった場合に、前記噴射指示によって開始された前記インジェクタに対する通電を中止する通電中止手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記クランク角θBから前記クランク角θAまでの時間が、前記インジェクタの開弁遅れ時間に相当する時間以下であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記クランク角θAの時点は、前記噴射指示により前記インジェクタが開弁する時点より後であって、前記噴射指示による燃料噴射の終了予定時点より前であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記内燃機関の運転状態が、プレイグニションが発生する可能性がある状態であるか否かを判定する可能性判定手段を備え、
前記噴射指示手段は、前記可能性判定手段の判定結果が肯定である場合に、前記噴射指示を出すことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記クランク角θBは、圧縮行程の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記クランク角θBは、プレイグニションが発生し得る最も早いクランク角より前のクランク角であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記気筒内の圧力を検出する筒内圧センサと、
前記筒内圧センサで検出される筒内圧に基づいて、発熱量の指標となる指標値を算出する指標値算出手段と、
を備え、
前記プレイグニション検出手段は、前記指標値算出手段により算出される指標値に基づいてプレイグニションの発生の有無を判定することを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記筒内圧をP、前記気筒内の容積をV、筒内ガスの比熱比をκとしたとき、前記指標値は、PVκで表されることを特徴とする請求項9記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記筒内圧をP、前記気筒内の容積をV、筒内ガスの比熱比をκ、クランク角をθとしたとき、前記指標値は、d(PVκ)/dθで表されることを特徴とする請求項9記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
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PCT/JP2011/052163 WO2012105012A1 (ja) | 2011-02-02 | 2011-02-02 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
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US8910615B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
JP5472491B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
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EP2672095B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
JPWO2012105012A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
US20130311064A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2672095A4 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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