WO2012103855A2 - 天线及基站 - Google Patents
天线及基站 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012103855A2 WO2012103855A2 PCT/CN2012/074435 CN2012074435W WO2012103855A2 WO 2012103855 A2 WO2012103855 A2 WO 2012103855A2 CN 2012074435 W CN2012074435 W CN 2012074435W WO 2012103855 A2 WO2012103855 A2 WO 2012103855A2
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- butler network
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to antenna technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a base station.
- arrays of base station antennas need to be improved to improve system capacity, optimize direction indicators, and the like to meet communication requirements.
- the system capacity is generally increased by increasing the number of antennas to increase the number of sectors.
- the horizontal plane splitting is implemented on the antenna to increase the system capacity.
- the multi-beam splitting antenna is usually implemented by using a horizontal Butler network & a multi-column cell array to improve the system capacity.
- vertical splitting There is currently no solution for vertical splitting on conventional antennas.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna and a base station, configured to implement splitting of a beam on a vertical plane on an antenna.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: the antenna array includes a plurality of radiating elements arranged in a vertical direction;
- the first BUTLER network has n input ports and m output ports, where m and n are natural numbers, n is greater than or equal to 2, m is greater than or equal to 3, and m is greater than n; the m output ports are respectively associated with the antenna At least one radiating element of the array is connected, wherein the radiating elements connected to the m output ports in the antenna array are located on a vertical plane; n input ports of the first BUTLER network respectively receive a signal, the n The n-channel signal received by the input port, after the phase adjustment and the amplitude adjustment of the first BUTLER network, outputting n sets of phase distribution combined signals through m output ports, each group of phase distribution combination packets Include m phases, each output port respectively outputting signals of one phase in each group of phase distribution combinations, and radiating n beams through a plurality of radiation units connected to the m output ports, the n beams are The vertical faces form an angular distribution.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, including: a pole and the antenna, wherein the antenna is fixed on the pole.
- the antenna and the base station provided by the embodiments of the present invention implement splitting of the beam on the vertical plane through the first BUTLER network and the radiating unit connected to the vertical plane.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- 3A is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of another antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention
- FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention
- FIG. 10B is a second BUTLER network and a radiating unit in an antenna according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a part of a base station structure and signal coverage according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: an antenna array and a first BUTLER network.
- the antenna array includes a plurality of radiating elements arranged vertically; as the antenna array includes at least one row of a plurality of radiating elements arranged vertically.
- the first BUTLER network has n input ports and m output ports, wherein m and n are natural numbers, ⁇ is greater than or equal to 2, m is greater than or equal to 3, and m is greater than n.
- the input port is a connection port between the first BUTLER network and the base station, and implements signal interaction with the base station;
- the output port is a connection port between the first BUTLER network and the antenna array, and implements signal interaction with the antenna array.
- the m output ports are each connected to at least one radiating element of the antenna array, and the radiating elements connected to the m output ports in the antenna array are located on a vertical plane.
- the n input ports of the first BUTLER network respectively receive a signal, and the n signals received by the n input ports pass through the phase adjustment and amplitude adjustment of the first BUTLER network, and output n sets of phase distributions through m output ports.
- the combined signal, each set of phase distribution includes m phases, each output port respectively outputs a signal of one phase of each group of phase distribution combinations, and radiates n by a plurality of radiating elements connected to the m output ports Beam, the n beams form an angular distribution on the vertical plane.
- the phase and amplitude of the first BUTLER network are adjusted, and the mxn-channel signals are output through the m output ports, and each signal input to the input port is That is, m output ports output m-channel signals, and the phase of the m-channel signals has a certain distribution, as described in the following embodiments.
- n is equal to 2 or 3 and m is equal to 5.
- the first BUTLER network includes: a first power splitter, a second power splitter, a 90 degree bridge, a first 180 degree bridge, and a second 180 degree bridge;
- An input end of the first power splitter is connected to an input port of the first BUTLER network;
- One output of the first splitter is connected to the input of the first 180 degree bridge, and the other output is connected to the input of the second 180 degree bridge; an output of the 90 degree bridge Connected to the delta input of the first 180 degree bridge, and the other output is connected to the delta input of the second 180 degree bridge; one output of the first 180 degree bridge and the input of the second splitter Connected, the other output is connected to one of the output ports; the two outputs of the second 180-degree bridge are connected to one of the output ports;
- the two output ends of the second power splitter are connected to one of the output ports; when n is equal to 2, one input of the 90 degree bridge is connected to another input port of the first BUTLER network; when n is equal to At 3 o'clock, the two inputs of the 90 degree bridge are respectively connected to the other two input ports of the first BUTLER network.
- the n is equal to 2 and m is equal to 4.
- the first BUTLER network may include: a third power splitter, a fourth power splitter, a first inverter, a second inverter, a first 90-degree bridge, and a second 90-degree bridge;
- the input ends of the splitter and the fourth power splitter are respectively connected to one input port of the first BUTLER network; one output end of the third power splitter is connected to the first input end of the first 90-degree bridge, and An output is connected to the input of the first inverter; an output of the fourth splitter is connected to the second input of the first 90-degree bridge, and the other output and the second inverter
- the input of the first inverter is connected to the first input of the second 90-degree bridge; the output of the second inverter and the second input of the second 90-degree bridge
- the two ends of the first 90-degree bridge are connected to one of the output ports; the two outputs of the second 90-degree bridge are connected to one of the output ports.
- the first BUTLER network may include: a 90 degree bridge, two losses of the 90 degree bridge
- the ingress terminals are respectively connected to one input port of the first BUTLER network, and the two output terminals are respectively connected to the output ports of the two first BUTLER networks.
- each output port of the first BUTLER network is respectively connected to two, three or four radiating elements in the antenna array, or two, three or three of the antenna arrays respectively through a phase shifter Four radiating elements are connected.
- a phase shifter is added between the matrix network and the radiating element to achieve a dynamic change of the vertical beam.
- the antenna array has a plurality of rows of vertically arranged plurality of radiating units corresponding to the first BUTLER network, and each of the first BUTLER networks is vertically aligned with a corresponding one of the columns.
- a plurality of radiating elements are connected.
- the antenna further includes: a plurality of phase shifters having the same number as the first BUTLER network, wherein the plurality of phase shifters are m-in and out-out phase shifters, and an output port of the first BUTLER network is The inputs of the phase shifters are connected; each output of the phase shifter is coupled to at least one radiating element of the antenna array.
- the antenna further includes m second BUTLER networks, where the m second BUTLER networks are horizontal BUTLER networks, and the number of input ports of the m second BUTLER networks is equal to P, where P is the first The number of BUTLER networks; the input port of the second BUTLER network is connected to the output port of the first BUTLER network, and the output port of each second BUTLER network is connected to at least two parallel rows of radiating elements in the antenna array, so that In the antenna array, the radiating elements connected to the second BUTLER network generate P beams on a horizontal plane.
- the antenna further includes: a plurality of phase shifters having the same number as the first BUTLER network, wherein the plurality of phase shifters are m-in and out-out phase shifters, and an output port of the first BUTLER network is The input terminals of the phase shifters are connected, and each output of the phase shifter is connected to an input port of a second BUTLER network, and an output port of each second BUTLER network is connected to at least two parallel rows of radiating elements in the antenna array.
- the radiating element is a single dipole unit, an orthogonal dual polarized dipole unit, a patch radiating unit or a ring radiating unit.
- the first BUTLER network is connected to the antenna array through a filter.
- the phase shifter is coupled to the antenna array through a filter.
- the second BUTLER network is connected to the antenna array through a filter.
- the base station provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a pole and any one of the antennas, and the antenna is fixed on the pole.
- the antenna and the base station are further described in detail by using the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 11 and a BUTLER network 12.
- the antenna array 11 comprises 10 radiating elements on a vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 12 is a two-in, five-out matrix network having two input ports: a first input port 121 and a second input port 122.
- Each output port of the BUTLER network 12 is connected to two radiating elements in the antenna array 11 by a power splitter (not shown, the same below). All 10 radiating elements in antenna array 11 connected to BUTLER network 12 are located on a vertical plane.
- the first signal input by the first input port 121 passes through the BUTLER network 12, and generates a set of signals on the five output ports with the phase: al: a2: a3: a4: a5, which are transmitted through the radiating element of the antenna array 11. Thereafter, splitting on the vertical plane produces an upper beam (U-beam) carrying the first path signal, such as the horizontal ellipse on the left side of the radiating element in FIG. 1A.
- U-beam upper beam carrying the first path signal
- Examples of five port phases corresponding to the U-beam: al : a2: a3: a4: a5 0:0:0:0:0, as shown in Figure IB.
- the second signal input by the second input port 122 passes through the BUTLER network 12, and generates another set of phases on the five output ports: bl: b2: b3: b4: b5, the radiation unit passing through the antenna array 11
- splitting on the vertical plane produces a lower beam (D-beam) carrying the second signal, such as the downwardly inclined ellipse shown on the left side of the radiating element in Figure 1A. Thereby a double beam is generated on the vertical plane of the antenna array 11.
- the five port phases corresponding to D-beam: bl : b2: b3 : b4: b5 0:-90:-180 ( 180 ) :-270:0 ( -360 ), as shown in Figure IB.
- the antenna array 11 the power amplitude ratio of each radiating element can be adjusted as needed, such as 0.7/0.7/1/1/1/1/1/1/0.7/0.7.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 21 and a BUTLER network 22. Among them, the antenna array 21 includes 10 radiating elements on one vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 22 is a three-in, five-out matrix network having three input ports: a first input port 221, a second input port 222, and a third beam input port 223. Each output port of the BUTLER network 22 is coupled to two radiating elements in the antenna array 21 by a power splitter. All 10 radiating elements in antenna array 21 connected to BUTLER network 22 are located on a vertical plane.
- the first path signal input by the first input port 221 passes through the antenna array 21, and a set of phase distributions are combined on the five output ports to: a: a2: a3: a4: a5 signal, and then through the antenna array 21 After 10 radiating elements on a vertical plane are transmitted, an upper beam (U-beam) carrying the first path signal is generated, such as the up-tilt ellipse shown on the left side of the radiating element in FIG.
- U-beam carrying the first path signal
- Example of five port phases corresponding to the U-beam: al: a2: a3: a4: a5 0:-270: 180:-90:0alle
- the second signal input by the second input port 222 passes through the antenna array 21 And generating another set of phase distribution combinations on the five output ports as: bl: b2: b3: b4: b5, and then transmitting the signal through the 10 radiating elements on a vertical plane of the antenna array 21
- the middle beam (M_beam) of the two-way signal as shown in the horizontal ellipse shown on the left side of the radiating element in Fig. 2.
- the ellipse is not the actual shape of the beam but the indication of the beam, through which the beam is placed. Different to distinguish their direction.
- Example of five port phases corresponding to M-beam: bl : b2: b3: b4: b5 0:0:0:0:0].
- the third signal input by the third beam input port 223 passes through the antenna array 21
- Another set of phase distributions is generated on the five output ports as: cl: c2: c3: c4: c5, and then transmitted through 10 radiating elements on a vertical plane of the antenna array 21 to generate the third The lower beam (D-beam) of the road signal, as shown by the downward tilting ellipse on the left side of the radiating element in Fig. 2.
- D-beam The lower beam (D-beam) of the road signal
- the power amplitude ratio of each radiating element can be adjusted as needed, for example, 0.7/0.7/1/1/1/1/1/1/0.7/0.7.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 31 and a BUTLER network 32.
- the antenna array 31 includes 10 radiating elements on one vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 32 includes a first power splitter 321, a second power splitter 322, a 90 degree bridge 323, a first 180 degree bridge 324, and a second 180 degree bridge 325.
- the input of the first power divider 321 and the input of the 90 degree bridge 323 are respectively connected to an input port of the BUTLER network 32.
- FIG. 1 the antenna array 31
- the antenna array 31 includes 10 radiating elements on one vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 32 includes a first power splitter 321, a second power splitter 322, a 90 degree bridge 323, a first 180 degree bridge 324, and a second 180 degree bridge 325.
- the input of the first power divider 321 and the input of the 90 degree bridge 323 are respectively connected to an input port of the BUTLER network 32.
- the first input end of the 90-degree bridge 323 is connected to the first input port of the BUTLER network 32, and the second input end of the 90-degree bridge 323 is unloaded, and the first power splitter 321 is The input is coupled to a second input port of the BUTLER network 32, i.e., the BUTLER network 32 has two input ports.
- the first input of the 90 degree bridge 323 is connected to the first input port of the BUTLER network 32, and the second input of the 90 degree bridge 323 is connected to the second input port of the BUTLER network 32.
- the input of the first power divider 321 is coupled to a third input port of the BUTLER network 32, i.e., the BUTLER network 32 has three input ports.
- One output of the first power splitter 321 is coupled to the chirp input of the first 180 degree bridge 324, and the other output is coupled to the chirp input of the second 180 degree bridge 325.
- One output of the 90 degree bridge is coupled to the delta input of the first 180 degree bridge 324, and the other output is coupled to the input of the second 180 degree bridge 325.
- One output of the first 180 degree bridge 324 is coupled to the input of the second splitter 322 and the other output is coupled to an output port of the BUTLER network 32.
- Both outputs of the second 180 degree bridge 325 are connected to an output port of the BUTLER network 32;
- Both outputs of the second splitter 322 are coupled to an output port of the BUTLER network 32.
- the BUTLER network 32 in FIG. 3A is a matrix network of 2 in 5 out
- the BUTLER network 32 in FIG. 3B is a matrix network of 3 in 5 out.
- Each output port of the BUTLER network 32 passes through the power splitter and the antenna array 31. Two radiating elements are connected. All 10 radiating elements in antenna array 31 connected to BUTLER network 32 are located on a vertical plane.
- the process of generating the upper and lower beams of the antenna shown in FIG. 3A is as described in the foregoing first embodiment.
- the process of generating the upper, middle and lower beams by the antenna shown in FIG. 3B is described in detail in the second embodiment.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 41 and a BUTLER network 42.
- the antenna array 41 includes eight radiating elements on a vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 42 is a 2-in, 4-out matrix network, including: a third power splitter 421, a fourth power splitter 422, a first inverter 423, a second inverter 424, a first 90-degree bridge 425, and The second 90 degree bridge 426.
- the inputs of the third power splitter 421 and the fourth power splitter 422 are all connected to the input port of the BUTLER network 42. As shown in FIG. 4, the input of the third splitter 421 is coupled to the first input port of the BUTLER network 42, and the input of the fourth splitter 422 is coupled to the second input port of the BUTLER network 42. An output of the third splitter 421 is coupled to the first input of the first 90 degree bridge 425, and the other output is coupled to the input of the first inverter 423;
- An output of the fourth splitter 422 is coupled to the second input of the first 90 degree bridge 425, and the other output is coupled to the input of the second inverter 424;
- An output of the first inverter 423 is coupled to a first input of the second 90 degree bridge 426; an output of the second inverter 424 and a second input of the second 90 degree bridge 426 Connected; both outputs of the first 90 degree bridge 425 are connected to an output port of the BUTLER network 42; both outputs of the second 90 degree bridge 426 are connected to an output port of the BUTLER network 42.
- the first signal input by the first input port of the BUTLER network 42 passes through the BUTLER network 42 and generates a set of phase distribution combinations on the four output ports: a signal of 90:-180:-90:0, and then passes through the antenna. After the radiating element of array 41 transmits, an upper beam carrying the first path signal is generated.
- the second signal input by the second input port of the BUTLER network 42 passes through the BUTLER network 42 to generate another set of phase distributions on the four output ports: 0: -90: -180:90, and then pass After the radiating element of the antenna array 41 transmits, a lower beam carrying the second path signal is generated. This produces a double beam on the vertical plane of the antenna.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 51 and a BUTLER network 52.
- the antenna array 51 includes eight radiating elements on one vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 52 is a two-in, four-out matrix network, including: a 90-degree bridge 521 having two inputs connected to one input port of the BUTLER network 52 and two outputs to the BUTLER network. The two output ports of 52 are connected.
- the first signal input by the first input port of the BUTLER network 52 after passing through the BUTLER network 52, generates a set of phase distribution combinations on the four output ports: a signal of 90:-180:-90:0, and then passes through the antenna. After the radiating element of array 51 is transmitted, an upper beam carrying the first path signal is generated, see the horizontal ellipse on the left side of the radiating element in FIG.
- the second signal input by the second input port of the BUTLER network 52 passes through the BUTLER network 52, and another set of phase distributions is generated on the four output ports as: 0: -90: -180:90, and then pass After the radiating element of the antenna array 51 transmits, a lower beam carrying the second path signal is generated, as shown in the downward tilting ellipse on the left side of the radiating element in FIG. This produces a double beam on the vertical plane of the antenna.
- the BUTLER network 52 uses a 90-degree bridge to achieve several splitting functions to achieve their respective phase requirements.
- First beam 180: 90: 0: -90
- Second beam -90: 0: 90: 180.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 61 and a BUTLER network 62.
- the antenna array 61 includes 12 radiating elements on a vertical plane.
- the BUTLER network 62 is a 2-in, 4-out matrix network with output ports connected to three radiating elements.
- the internal structure of the BUTLER network 62 may be the same as that of the BUTLER network provided in the fourth embodiment or the fifth embodiment. For details, refer to the above description, and the description is not repeated here.
- the antenna shown in FIG. 7 includes an antenna array 71 and a BUTLER network 72.
- the antenna array 71 includes 16 radiating elements on one vertical plane.
- BUTLER network 72 is 2 in 4 out
- the matrix network has output ports connected to four radiating elements.
- the internal structure of the BUTLER network 72 can be the same as that of the BUTLER network provided in the fourth embodiment or the fifth embodiment. For details, refer to the above description, and the description is not repeated here. It should be noted that the number of radiating units connected to each output port of the BUTLER network is not limited to the case given in the foregoing embodiment, and the number of radiating units may be different according to actual needs.
- Embodiment 8 This embodiment adds a phase shifter based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, a phase shifter 83 is added between the BUTLER network 82 and the antenna array 81.
- the phase shifter 83 can be a N-in and N-out phase shifter, and the phase shifter 83 in Fig. 8 is a 5-in-5-out phase shifter.
- the five input ports of the phase shifter 83 are connected to the five output ports of the BUTLER network 82.
- the five output ports of the phase shifter 83 are connected to the radiating elements of the antenna array 81, and each of the output ports can be connected to a plurality of radiating elements, where each output port of the phase shifter 83 is connected to two radiating elements.
- the phase ratio of each port change of the phase shifter 83 may be: +2 ⁇ : ⁇ : 0: - ⁇ : 2 ⁇ ; or may be other phase ratios.
- the antenna realizes the effect of simultaneous tilting of the two beams of the antenna through the phase shifter.
- Embodiment 9 This embodiment adds a phase shifter to the embodiment shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, the antenna includes an antenna array 91, a BUTLER network 92, and a phase shifter 93.
- the phase shifter 93 can be a N-in and N-out phase shifter, and the phase shifter 93 in Fig. 9 is a 4-in, 4-out phase shifter.
- the four input ports of the phase shifter 93 are connected to the four output ports of the BUTLER network 92.
- the four output ports of the phase shifter 93 are connected to the radiating elements of the antenna array 91, and each of the output ports can be connected to a plurality of radiating elements, where each output port of the phase shifter 93 and the two radiating orders The yuan is connected.
- the phase ratio of each port change of the phase shifter 93 may be: +3 ⁇ : ⁇ : - ⁇ : 3 ⁇ ; or may be other phase ratios.
- the antenna also achieves the effect of simultaneous tilting of the two beams of the antenna through the phase shifter. Example ten
- the antenna includes an antenna array 101, a first BUTLER network 102, a second BUTLER network 103, and a phase shifter 104.
- the antenna array 101 is a 4 ⁇ 10 radiating element array.
- the first BUTLER network 102 and the phase shifter 104 are the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 8.
- the first BUTLER network 102 has two: the first first BUTLER network 102 and the right first.
- a BUTLER network 102 is a matrix network on two vertical planes. The output ports of the first BUTLER network 102 are located on five different levels.
- phase shifters 104 there are two phase shifters 104: a left phase shifter 104 and a right phase shifter 104, each of which is a 5 in 5 out phase phase shifter, each connected to a first BUTLER network 102.
- the second BUTLER network 103 has five matrix networks on five different levels, which are connected to the outputs on the different horizontal planes of the left phase shifter 104 and the right phase shifter 104.
- the left input port of the five second BUTLER networks 103 is connected to the five output ports of the left first BUTLER network 102 through the output of the left phase shifter 104, and realizes the upper and lower beams of the left first beam and the left second beam of the horizontal plane.
- the right input port of the five second BUTLER networks 103 is connected to the five output ports of the right first BUTLER network 102 through the output of the right phase shifter 104 to implement the upper and lower beams of the right first beam and the second second beam of the horizontal plane.
- each output port of each second BUTLER network 103 is connected to two radiating elements on one vertical plane, as shown in FIG. 10B, the output port of the second BUTLER network 103 on each horizontal plane and the antenna array 101 4 X 2 radiating element arrays are connected.
- the internal structure of the second BUTLER network 103 can be the same as the internal structure of any of the two-in and four-out matrix networks given in the above embodiments.
- the antenna is implemented under the vertical splitting antenna through the first and second BUTLER networks.
- the horizontal splitting function at the same time, the phase shifter provided between the horizontal matrix network and the vertical matrix network realizes the function of beam downtilt.
- This embodiment is basically the same as the tenth embodiment, except that the first BUTLER network has four output ports, and accordingly, the number of the second BUTLER networks is four, and the antenna array is a 4 x 12 array of radiating elements.
- the antenna includes an antenna array 111, a first BUTLER network 112, a second BUTLER network 113, and a phase shifter 114.
- Each output port of the second BUTLER network 113 is coupled to three radiating elements on a vertical plane.
- the first BUTLER network 112 is the same as the BUTLER network in the embodiment shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the horizontal and vertical splitting is also performed, and the function of beam downtilt is realized by a phase shifter between the horizontal matrix network and the vertical matrix network.
- Embodiment 12 This embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment shown in Fig. 8. The difference is that the radiating element is an orthogonal dual-polarized dipole unit and the BUTLER network has two. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, the antenna includes an antenna array 121, a positive 45-polarized BUTLER network 122, a negative 45-polarized BUTLER network 123, a positive 45 polarization phase shifter 124, and a negative 45 polarization phase shifter 125.
- the antenna array 121 includes ten orthogonal dual-polarized dipole units on a vertical plane.
- Embodiment 13 This embodiment adds a filter based on the above embodiment to distinguish signals of different frequency bands.
- the right end of the radiating element of the antenna array 131 is a wired end, or specifically, the input end of the power splitter is connected with a filter 132, and the input end of the filter 132 can be connected with the output end of the phase shifter. Connected, it can also be connected to the output port of the first BUTLER network, and can also be connected to the output port of the second BUTLER network.
- the radiating element and the shift A filter can be added between the phases to achieve vertical splitting of the crossover antenna.
- the base station includes a pole 141 and an antenna 142.
- the antenna 142 is fixed on the pole 141, and the pole 141 is fixed on the tower 143 to ensure that the coverage of the sky 142 is as large as possible.
- the antenna 142 includes any of the antennas provided in the above-described first to third embodiments. When the antenna included in the antenna 142 is only vertically split, the beam is generated as shown in FIG.
- the base station 14 which is the first beam 144 and the second beam 145 on the vertical plane, and the coverage ranges of the first region 146 are respectively Second area 147.
- the base station includes basic functional units such as baseband processing in addition to the above-mentioned antennas and poles. Since it is not the focus of the present invention, it will not be described herein.
- the base station provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize the splitting of the signal transmitted by the base station on the vertical plane by using the antenna capable of realizing the vertical plane splitting.
- the base station can also realize the vertical plane splitting by the antenna provided with the phase shifter Achieve the function of downtilt.
- the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the steps including the foregoing method embodiments are performed; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
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Description
天线及基站 技术领域
本发明涉及天线技术, 尤其涉及一种天线及基站。
背景技术
随着移动通讯技术的发展, 基站天线的阵列需要做一些改进, 以提高系 统容量、 优化方向图指标等等, 来满足通信要求。 如通常通过增加天线个数 实现扇区个数的增加, 来提高系统容量。
目前, 采用在天线上实现水平面劈裂, 来提高系统容量。 在天线上实现水平面劈裂即基站天线为劈裂天线时,通常利用水平 Butler 网络&多列单元阵列形式实现多波束劈裂天线, 以提高系统容量。 目前还没有在传统天线上实现垂直劈裂的方案。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种天线及基站, 用于在天线上实现波束在垂直面上 的劈裂。
一方面, 本发明实施例提供一种天线, 包括: 所述天线阵列包括垂直排 列的多个辐射单元;
所述第一 BUTLER网络具有 n个输入端口 , m个输出端口, 其中 m、 n 为自然数, n大于等于 2, m大于等于 3 , m大于 n; 所述 m个输出端口均分别与所述天线阵列的至少一个辐射单元相连, 所 述天线阵列中与所述 m个输出端口相连的辐射单元位于一个垂直面上; 所述第一 BUTLER网络的 n个输入端口分别接收一路信号, 所述 n个输 入端口接收的 n路信号, 通过所述第一 BUTLER网络的相位调节和幅度调节 后, 通过 m个输出端口输出 n组相位分布组合的信号, 每组相位分布组合包
括 m个相位,每个输出端口分别输出各组相位分布组合中的 1个相位的信号, 通过与所述 m个输出端口相连的多个辐射单元辐射出 n个波束, 所述 n个波 束在垂直面形成一定角度分布。 另一方面, 本发明实施例提供一种基站, 包括: 抱杆及上述天线, 所述 天线固定在所述抱杆上。 本发明实施例提供的天线及基站, 通过第一 BUTLER网络及与其相连的 位于一个垂直面上的辐射单元, 实现了波束在垂直面上的劈裂。
附图说明 图 1A为本发明实施例一提供的一种天线的示意图; 图 1B为本发明实施例一提供的另一种天线的示意图; 图 2为本发明实施例二提供的天线的示意图; 图 3A为本发明实施例三提供的一种天线的示意图; 图 3B为本发明实施例三提供的另一种天线的示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例四提供的天线的示意图; 图 5为本发明实施例五提供的天线的示意图; 图 6为本发明实施例六提供的天线的示意图; 图 7为本发明实施例七提供的天线的示意图; 图 8为本发明实施例八提供的天线的示意图; 图 9为本发明实施例九提供的天线的示意图; 图 10A为本发明实施例十提供的天线的示意图; 图 10B为本发明实施例十提供的天线中第二 BUTLER网络与辐射单元的 连接示意图; 图 11为本发明实施例十一提供的天线的示意图; 图 12为本发明实施例十二提供的天线的示意图;
图 13为本发明实施例十三提供的天线的示意图; 图 14为本发明实施例十四提供的基站部分结构及信号覆盖示意图。
具体实施方式 本发明实施例提供的天线包括: 天线阵列及第一 BUTLER网络。
该天线阵列包括垂直排列的多个辐射单元; 如天线阵列至少包括一列垂 直排列的多个辐射单元。
该第一 BUTLER网络具有 n个输入端口, m个输出端口, 其中 m、 n为 自然数,η大于等于 2, m大于等于 3, m大于 n。其中输入端口即第一 BUTLER 网络与基站的连接端口, 实现与基站之间的信号交互; 输出端口即第一 BUTLER网络与天线阵列之间的连接端口,实现与天线阵列之间的信号交互。
该 m个输出端口均分别与该天线阵列的至少一个辐射单元相连, 该天线 阵列中与该 m个输出端口相连的辐射单元位于一个垂直面上。 该第一 BUTLER网络的 n个输入端口分别接收一路信号 , 该 n个输入端 口接收的 n路信号, 通过该第一 BUTLER网络的相位调节和幅度调节后, 通 过 m个输出端口输出 n组相位分布组合的信号,每组相位分布组合包括 m个 相位, 每个输出端口分别输出各组相位分布组合中的 1个相位的信号, 通过 与该 m个输出端口相连的多个辐射单元辐射出 n个波束, 该 n个波束在垂直 面形成一定角度分布。 换句话说, n路信号分别通过一输入端口进入第一 BUTLER网络后, 其相位和幅度第一 BUTLER网络被调节, 通过 m个输出 端口共输出 m x n路信号, 对于输入端口输入的每一路信号而言, m个输出 端口输出 m路信号, 该 m路信号的相位具有一定的分布, 详见下述实施例中 的说明。
可选地, 该 n等于 2或 3 , m等于 5。
该第一 BUTLER网络包括: 第一功分器、 第二功分器、 90度电桥、 第一 180度电桥及第二 180度电桥;
该第一功分器的输入端与该第一 BUTLER网络的一个输入端口相连;
该第一功分器的一个输出端与该第一 180度电桥的∑输入端相连, 另一 个输出端与第二 180度电桥的∑输入端相连; 该 90度电桥的一个输出端与第一 180度电桥的 Δ输入端相连,另一个输 出端与第二 180度电桥的 Δ输入端相连; 该第一 180度电桥的一个输出端与第二功分器的输入端相连, 另一个输 出端与一个该输出端口相连; 该第二 180度电桥的两个输出端均与一个该输出端口相连;
该第二功分器的两个输出端均与一个该输出端口相连; 当 n等于 2时, 该 90度电桥的一个输入端与该第一 BUTLER网络的另 一个输入端口相连; 当 n等于 3时, 该 90度电桥的两个输入端分别与该第一 BUTLER网络 的另外两个输入端口相连。 可选地, 该 n等于 2, m等于 4。 该第一 BUTLER网络可包括: 第三功分器、 第四功分器、 第一反相器、 第二反相器、 第一 90度电桥及第二 90度电桥; 该第三功分器、 第四功分器的输入端分别与该第一 BUTLER网络的一个 输入端口相连; 该第三功分器的一个输出端与该第一 90度电桥的第一输入端相连,另一 输出端与该第一反相器的输入端相连; 第四功分器的一个输出端与该第一 90度电桥的第二输入端相连,另一输 出端与该第二反相器的输入端相连; 该第一反相器的输出端与该第二 90度电桥的第一输入端相连; 该第二反相器的输出端与该第二 90度电桥的第二输入端相连; 该第一 90度电桥的两个输出端均与一个该输出端口相连; 该第二 90度电桥的两个输出端均与一个该输出端口相连。 或者, 该第一 BUTLER网络可包括: 90度电桥, 该 90度电桥的两个输
入端分别与该第一 BUTLER网络的一个输入端口相连, 两个输出端分别与两 个该第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口相连。 可选地,该第一 BUTLER网络的各输出端口分别与该天线阵列中的两个、 三个或四个辐射单元相连, 或者通过移相器分别与该天线阵列中的两个、 三 个或四个辐射单元相连。 在矩阵网络与辐射单元之间添加移相器, 来实现垂 直波束可以动态变化。 可选地,该第一 BUTLER网络有多个,该天线阵列中有与该第一 BUTLER 网络对应的多列垂直排列的多个辐射单元, 各该第一 BUTLER网络分别与对 应的一列垂直排列的多个辐射单元相连。 可选地,该天线还包括:与该第一 BUTLER网络数量相同的多个移相器, 该多个移相器均为 m进 m出的移相器, 该第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口与 移相器的输入端相连; 该移相器的每个输出端与该天线阵列的至少一个辐射单元相连。 可选地, 该天线还包括 m个第二 BUTLER网络, 该 m个第二 BUTLER 网络为水平 BUTLER网络, 该 m个第二 BUTLER网络的输入端口的数量均 等于 P, 其中, P为该第一 BUTLER网络的数量; 该第二 BUTLER网络的输入端口与该第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口该 相连,每个第二 BUTLER网络的输出端口与该天线阵列中至少两排平行的辐 射单元相连, 以使该天线阵列中, 与该第二 BUTLER网络相连的辐射单元产 生水平面上的 P个波束。 可选地,该天线还包括:与该第一 BUTLER网络数量相同的多个移相器, 该多个移相器均为 m进 m出的移相器, 该第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口与 移相器的输入端相连, 该移相器的每个输出端与第二 BUTLER网络的输入端 口相连,每个第二 BUTLER网络的输出端口与该天线阵列中至少两排平行的 辐射单元相连。 可选地, 该辐射单元为单偶极子单元、 正交双极化偶极子单元、 贴片辐 射单元或圆环辐射单元。 可选地, 该第一 BUTLER网络通过滤波器与该天线阵列相连。
可选地, 该移相器通过滤波器与该天线阵列相连。 可选地, 该第二 BUTLER网络通过滤波器与该天线阵列相连。 本发明实施例提供的基站包括: 抱杆及上述任一天线, 该天线固定在该 抱杆上。 下面通过实施例一〜实施例十四对天线及基站进行进一步详细说明, 实施例一 如图 1A所示, 天线包括天线阵列 11、 BUTLER网络 12。 其中, 天线阵 列 11 包含位于一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 12为 2进 5 出的矩阵网络,即具有两个输入端口:第一输入端口 121及第二输入端口 122。
BUTLER网络 12的每个输出端口通过功分器(图中未示出, 下同)与天线阵 列 11 中的两个辐射单元相连。 天线阵列 11中与 BUTLER网络 12相连的所 有 10个辐射单元位于一个垂直面上。 第一输入端口 121输入的第一路信号, 通过 BUTLER网络 12后, 在 5 个输出端口上产生一组相位为: al : a2: a3: a4: a5 的信号, 经过天线阵列 11 的辐射单元发射后, 在垂直面上劈裂产生承载该第一路信号的上波束 ( U— beam ), 如图 1A中辐射单元左侧的水平椭圆。
U— beam对应的 5个端口相位举例: al : a2: a3: a4: a5 =0:0:0:0:0, 如图 IB所示。 第二输入端口 122输入的第二路信号, 通过 BUTLER网络 12后, 在 5 个输出端口上产生另一组相位为: bl : b2: b3: b4: b5的信号, 经过天线阵 列 11 的辐射单元发射后, 在垂直面上劈裂产生承载该第二路信号的下波束 ( D— beam ), 如图 1A中辐射单元左侧所示的下倾椭圆。 由此在天线阵列 11 的垂直面上产生双波束。
D— beam对应的 5 个端口相位举例: bl : b2: b3 : b4: b5=0:-90:-180 ( 180 ) :-270:0 ( -360 ), 如图 IB所示。 天线阵列 11中, 每个辐射单元的功率幅度比, 可以根据需要调整, 比如 0.7/0.7/1/1/1/1/1/1/0.7/0.7。 实施例二
如图 2所示, 天线包括天线阵列 21、 BUTLER网络 22。 其中, 天线阵列 21包含位于一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 22为 3进 5出的 矩阵网络, 即具有三个输入端口: 第一输入端口 221、 第二输入端口 222及 第三波束输入端口 223。 BUTLER网络 22的每个输出端口通过功分器与天线 阵列 21中的两个辐射单元相连。 天线阵列 21中与 BUTLER网络 22相连的 所有 10个辐射单元位于一个垂直面上。
第一输入端口 221输入的第一路信号, 通过天线阵列 21后, 在 5个输出 端口上产生一组相位分布组合为: al : a2: a3: a4: a5 的信号, 再通过天线 阵列 21的一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元发射后, 产生承载该第一路信号的 上波束( U— beam ), 如图 2中辐射单元左侧所示的上倾椭圆。
U— beam对应的 5个端口相位举例: al : a2: a3: a4: a5=0:-270: 180:-90:0„ 第二输入端口 222输入的第二路信号, 通过天线阵列 21后, 在 5个输出 端口上产生另一组相位分布组合为: bl : b2: b3: b4: b5的信号, 再通过天 线阵列 21的一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元发射后, 产生承载该第二路信号 的中波束(M— beam ), 如图 2中辐射单元左侧所示的水平椭圆。 本领域技术人员应理解,上述椭圆并非波束的实际形状而是波束的示意, 通过其放置的不同来区分其方向。
M— beam对应的 5个端口相位举例: bl : b2: b3: b4: b5=0:0:0:0:0„ 第三波束输入端口 223输入的第三路信号, 通过天线阵列 21后, 在 5个 输出端口上产生另一组相位分布组合为: cl : c2: c3: c4: c5 的信号, 再通 过天线阵列 21的一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元发射后, 产生承载该第三路 信号的下波束(D— beam ), 如图 2 中辐射单元左侧的下倾椭圆。 由此在天线 阵列 21的垂直面上产生三个波束。
D— beam对应的 5 个端口相位举例: cl : c2: c3 : c4: c5 =0:-90:-180 ( 180 ) :-270:0 ( -360 )。 与实施例一类似地, 每个辐射单元的功率幅度比可以根据需要调整, 比 如 0.7/0.7/1/1/1/1/1/1/0.7/0.7。
实施例三
如图 3A、 图 3B所示, 天线包括天线阵列 31、 BUTLER网络 32。 其中, 天线阵列 31包含位于一个垂直面上的 10个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 32包括 第一功分器 321、 第二功分器 322、 90度电桥 323、 第一 180度电桥 324及第 二 180度电桥 325。 该第一功分器 321的输入端、该 90度电桥 323的输入端分别与 BUTLER 网络 32的一个输入端口相连。 如图 3A所示, 该 90度电桥 323的第一输入 端与 BUTLER网络 32的第一输入端口相连, 该 90度电桥 323的第二输入端 空载, 该第一功分器 321的输入端与 BUTLER网络 32的第二输入端口相连, 即 BUTLER网络 32具有两个输入端口。
如图 3B所示, 该 90度电桥 323的第一输入端与 BUTLER网络 32的第 一输入端口相连, 该 90度电桥 323的第二输入端与 BUTLER网络 32的第二 输入端口相连, 该第一功分器 321的输入端与 BUTLER网络 32的第三输入 端口相连, 即 BUTLER网络 32具有三个输入端口。 该第一功分器 321的一个输出端与该第一 180度电桥 324的∑输入端相 连, 另一个输出端与第二 180度电桥 325的∑输入端相连。
该 90度电桥的一个输出端与第一 180度电桥 324的 Δ输入端相连,另一 个输出端与第二 180度电桥 325的^输入端相连。 该第一 180度电桥 324的一个输出端与第二功分器 322的输入端相连, 另一个输出端与 BUTLER网络 32的一个输出端口相连。 该第二 180度电桥 325的两个输出端均与 BUTLER网络 32的一个输出 端口相连;
该第二功分器 322的两个输出端均与 BUTLER网络 32的一个输出端口 相连。
可见,图 3A中 BUTLER网络 32为 2进 5出的矩阵网络,图 3B中 BUTLER 网络 32为 3进 5出的矩阵网络, BUTLER网络 32的每个输出端口通过功分 器与天线阵列 31中的两个辐射单元相连。天线阵列 31中与 BUTLER网络 32 相连的所有 10个辐射单元位于一个垂直面上。
其中, 图 3A所示天线产生上下波束的过程详见上述实施例一中的说明,
图 3B所示天线产生上中下波束的过程详见上述实施例二中的说明。
实施例四 如图 4所示, 天线包括天线阵列 41、 BUTLER网络 42。 其中, 天线阵列 41包含位于一个垂直面上的 8个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 42为 2进 4出的 矩阵网络, 包括: 第三功分器 421、 第四功分器 422、 第一反相器 423、 第二 反相器 424、 第一 90度电桥 425及第二 90度电桥 426。
该第三功分器 421、第四功分器 422的输入端均与 BUTLER网络 42的输 入端口相连。 如图 4所示, 第三功分器 421的输入端与 BUTLER网络 42的 第一输入端口相连, 第四功分器 422的输入端与 BUTLER网络 42的第二输 入端口相连。 该第三功分器 421的一个输出端与该第一 90度电桥 425的第一输入端相 连, 另一输出端与该第一反相器 423的输入端相连;
第四功分器 422的一个输出端与该第一 90度电桥 425的第二输入端相 连, 另一输出端与该第二反相器 424的输入端相连;
该第一反相器 423的输出端与该第二 90度电桥 426的第一输入端相连; 该第二反相器 424的输出端与该第二 90度电桥 426的第二输入端相连; 该第一 90度电桥 425的两个输出端均与 BUTLER网络 42的一个输出端 口相连; 该第二 90度电桥 426的两个输出端均与 BUTLER网络 42的一个输 出端口相连。
BUTLER网络 42的第一输入端口输入的第一路信号 , 通过 BUTLER网 络 42后,在 4个输出端口上产生一组相位分布组合为: 90:-180:-90: 0的信号, 再通过天线阵列 41的辐射单元发射后, 产生承载第一路信号的上波束。
BUTLER网络 42的第二输入端口输入的第二路信号 , 通过 BUTLER网 络 42后, 在 4个输出端口上产生另一组相位分布组合为: 0: -90: -180:90 的信号, 再通过天线阵列 41的辐射单元发射后, 产生承载第二路信号的下波 束。 由此在天线的垂直面上产生双波束。
实施例五
如图 5所示, 天线包括天线阵列 51、 BUTLER网络 52。 其中, 天线阵列 51包含位于一个垂直面上的 8个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 52为 2进 4出的 矩阵网络, 包括: 90度电桥 521 , 该 90度电桥 521 的两个输入端分别与 BUTLER网络 52的一个输入端口相连,两个输出端均与 BUTLER网络 52的 两个输出端口相连。
BUTLER网络 52的第一输入端口输入的第一路信号 , 通过 BUTLER网 络 52后,在 4个输出端口上产生一组相位分布组合为: 90:-180:-90:0的信号, 再通过天线阵列 51的辐射单元发射后, 产生承载第一路信号的上波束, 见图 5中辐射单元左侧的水平椭圆。
BUTLER网络 52的第二输入端口输入的第二路信号 , 通过 BUTLER网 络 52后, 在 4个输出端口上产生另一组相位分布组合为: 0: -90: -180:90 的信号, 再通过天线阵列 51的辐射单元发射后, 产生承载第二路信号的下波 束, 见图 5中辐射单元左侧的下倾椭圆。 由此在天线的垂直面上产生双波束。
本实施例中, BUTLER网络 52采用一个 90度电桥实现几个劈裂的功能, 达到各自的相位要求。
假设通过 BUTLE网络 52后的原始相位分别是: 第一波束 =0:90:0:90 第二波束 =90:0:90:0
那么, 通过天线阵列 51的辐射单元物理反向, 实现最终的相位: 第一波束 =180:90:0:-90 第二波束 =-90:0:90: 180。
实施例六
如图 6所示, 天线包括天线阵列 61、 BUTLER网络 62。 其中, 天线阵列 61包含位于一个垂直面上的 12个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 62为 2进 4出的 矩阵网络,其输出端口均与 3个辐射单元相连。 BUTLER网络 62的内部结构 可与实施例四或实施例五中提供的 BUTLER网络相同, 具体详见上述说明、 这里不再重复。
实施例七
如图 7所示天线包括天线阵列 71、 BUTLER网络 72。 其中, 天线阵列 71包含位于一个垂直面上的 16个辐射单元。 BUTLER网络 72为 2进 4出的
矩阵网络,其输出端口均与 4个辐射单元相连。 BUTLER网络 72的内部结构 可与实施例四或实施例五中提供的 BUTLER网络相同, 具体详见上述说明、 这里不再重复。 需要说明的是: BUTLER网络的每个输出端口连接的辐射单元的数量不 限于上述实施例中给出的情况, 辐射单元的个数可以根据实际需要而有所不 同。
实施例八 本实施例在图 3A所示实施例的基础上, 增加了移相器。 具体地, 如图 8所示, 在 BUTLER网络 82与天线阵列 81之间增加了移 相器 83。 移相器 83可为一个 N进 N出的移相器, 图 8中移相器 83是一个 5 进 5出的移相器。 移相器 83的 5个输入端口与 BUTLER网络 82的 5个输出端口——对应 相连。 移相器 83的 5个输出端口与天线阵列 81的辐射单元相连, 每个输出 端口可以与多个辐射单元相连,这里移相器 83的每个输出端口与两个辐射单 元相连。 图 8中, 移相器 83的每个端口变化的相位比例可以为: +2Φ : Φ : 0: - Φ : 2Φ ; 或者可为其他相位比例。 本实施例中,天线通过移相器实现了天线两个波束下倾同时变化的效果。 实施例九 本实施例在图 5所示实施例的基础上增加了移相器。 具体地, 如图 9所示, 天线包括天线阵列 91、 BUTLER网络 92及移相 器 93。 移相器 93可为一个 N进 N出的移相器, 图 9中移相器 93是一个 4进 4 出的移相器。 移相器 93的 4个输入端口与 BUTLER网络 92的 4个输出端口——对应 相连。 移相器 93的 4个输出端口与天线阵列 91的辐射单元相连, 每个输出 端口可以与多个辐射单元相连,这里移相器 93的每个输出端口与两个辐射单
元相连。 图 9中, 移相器 93的每个端口变化的相位比例可以为: +3Φ : Φ : -Φ : 3Φ ; 或者可为其他相位比例。 本实施例中, 天线通过移相器同样实现了天线两个波束下倾同时变化的 效果。 实施例十
如图 10A所示, 天线包括天线阵列 101、 第一 BUTLER网络 102、 第二 BUTLER网络 103及移相器 104。 天线阵列 101为一个 4 X 10的辐射单元阵列, 第一 BUTLER网络 102及 移相器 104与图 8所示实施例相同, 第一 BUTLER网络 102有 2个: 左第一 BUTLER网络 102及右第一 BUTLER网络 102,为 2个垂直面上的矩阵网络。 第一 BUTLER网络 102的输出端口位于 5个不同的水平面上。 对应地, 移相 器 104有两个: 左移相器 104及右移相器 104, 均为 5进 5出的移相器, 各 与一个第一 BUTLER网络 102相连。 第二 BUTLER网络 103有 5个, 为 5个不同水平面上的矩阵网络, 与左 移相器 104及右移相器 104不同水平面上的输出端相连。
5个第二 BUTLER网络 103的左输入端口通过左移相器 104的输出端, 与左第一 BUTLER网络 102的 5个输出端口相连, 实现水平面左第一波束、 左第二波束的上下波束。
5个第二 BUTLER网络 103的右输入端口通过右移相器 104的输出端, 与右第一 BUTLER网络 102的 5个输出端口相连, 实现水平面右第一波束、 右第二波束的上下波束。
其中,每个第二 BUTLER网络 103的每个输出端口与一个垂直面上的两 个辐射单元相连, 如图 10B所示,每个水平面上的第二 BUTLER网络 103的 输出端口与天线阵列 101的 4 X 2的辐射单元阵列相连。 第二 BUTLER网络 103的内部结构可与上述实施例给出的任意一种 2进 4出的矩阵网络的内部 结构相同。 本实施例中, 天线通过第一、 第二 BUTLER网络在垂直劈裂天线下实现
水平劈裂功能, 同时在水平矩阵网络与垂直矩阵网络之间设置的移相器, 实 现波束下倾的功能。
实施例十一
本实施例与实施例十基本相同, 不同之处在于, 第一 BUTLER网络有 4 个输出端口, 相应地, 第二 BUTLER网络的数量为 4个, 天线阵列为 4 X 12 的辐射单元阵列。
如图 11 所示, 天线包括天线阵列 111、 第一 BUTLER网络 112、 第二 BUTLER网络 113及移相器 114。
第二 BUTLER网络 113的每个输出端口与一个垂直面上的 3个辐射单元 相连。
第一 BUTLER网络 112与图 4所示实施例中的 BUTLER网络相同。 本实施例同样在实现水平、 垂直劈裂的同时, 通过水平矩阵网络与垂直 矩阵网络之间的移相器, 实现波束下倾的功能。 实施例十二 本实施例与图 8所示实施例基本相同, 不同之处在于, 辐射单元为正交 双极化偶极子单元, BUTLER网络有两个。 具体地, 如图 12所示, 天线包括天线阵列 121、 正 45极化 BUTLER网 络 122、 负 45极化 BUTLER网络 123、 正 45极化移相器 124及负 45极化移 相器 125。
其中,天线阵列 121包含位于一个垂直面上的 10个正交双极化偶极子单 元。
实施例十三 本实施例在上述实施例的基础上增加了滤波器,以区分不同频段的信号。 具体如图 13所示, 天线阵列 131的辐射单元的右侧即有线端, 或者具体 可为功分器的输入端连接有滤波器 132, 滤波器 132的输入端可与移相器的 输出端相连,也可与第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口相连,还可与第二 BUTLER 网络的输出端口相连。 换句话说, 辐射单元与矩阵网络之间、 辐射单元与移
相器之间都可以添加滤波器, 以实现分频天线的垂直面劈裂。 这里给出的是 滤波器 132的输入端与 BUTLER网络的输出端口相连。 上述实施例提供的天线, 不仅能够实现垂直面劈裂, 还能够实现垂直面、 水平面的同时劈裂, 还能够在实现垂直面劈裂中实现下倾的功能。 实施例十四 如图 14所示, 基站包括抱杆 141及天线 142, 天线 142固定在抱杆 141 上, 抱杆 141 固定在高塔 143上, 以保证天 142的覆盖范围尽可能地大。 天 线 142内含有上述实施例一〜实施例十三提供的任意一种天线。当天线 142内 含的天线仅实现垂直劈裂时, 其产生波束如图 14所示, 为垂直面上的第一波 束 144及第二波束 145,二者的覆盖范围分别为第一区域 146、第二区域 147。 本领域技术人员应理解, 基站除上述天线、 抱杆外, 还包含基带处理等基本 功能单元, 由于不是本发明的重点, 这里不再赘述。 本发明实施例提供的基站, 通过上述能够实现垂直面劈裂的天线, 能够 实现基站发射的信号在垂直面上的劈裂; 进一步地, 当采用上述能够实现垂 直面、 水平面劈裂的天线时, 还能够实现垂直面、 水平面的同时劈裂, 还能 够在实现垂直面劈裂中实现下倾的功能; 进一步地, 通过设置有移相器的天 线, 基站还能够在实现垂直面劈裂中实现下倾的功能。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解: 实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步 骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。 前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可 读取存储介质中。 该程序在执行时, 执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤; 而 前述的存储介质包括: ROM, RAM, 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码 的介质。
最后应说明的是: 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案, 而非对 其限制; 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改, 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换; 而这些修改或者替换, 并 不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims
1、 一种天线, 其特征在于, 包括: 天线阵列及第一 BUTLER网络; 所述天线阵列包括垂直排列的多个辐射单元;
所述第一 BUTLER网络具有 n个输入端口 , m个输出端口, 其中 m、 n 为自然数, n大于等于 2, m大于等于 3 , m大于 n;
所述 m个输出端口均分别与所述天线阵列的至少一个辐射单元相连, 所 述天线阵列中与所述 m个输出端口相连的辐射单元位于一个垂直面上; 所述第一 BUTLER网络的 n个输入端口分别接收一路信号, 所述 n个输 入端口接收的 n路信号, 通过所述第一 BUTLER网络的相位调节和幅度调节 后, 通过 m个输出端口输出 n组相位分布组合的信号, 每组相位分布组合包 括 m个相位,每个输出端口分别输出各组相位分布组合中的 1个相位的信号, 通过与所述 m个输出端口相连的多个辐射单元辐射出 n个波束, 所述 n个波 束在垂直面形成一定角度分布。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述 n等于 2或 3 , m等于
5。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第一 BUTLER网络包 括: 第一功分器、 第二功分器、 90度电桥、 第一 180度电桥及第二 180度电 桥;
所述第一功分器的输入端与所述第一 BUTLER 网络的一个输入端口相 连;
所述第一功分器的一个输出端与所述第一 180度电桥的∑输入端相连, 另一个输出端与第二 180度电桥的∑输入端相连;
所述 90度电桥的一个输出端与第一 180度电桥的 Δ输入端相连,另一个 输出端与第二 180度电桥的^输入端相连;
所述第一 180度电桥的一个输出端与第二功分器的输入端相连, 另一个 输出端与一个所述输出端口相连;
所述第二 180度电桥的两个输出端均与一个所述输出端口相连; 所述第二功分器的两个输出端均与一个所述输出端口相连; 当 n等于 2时, 所述 90度电桥的一个输入端与所述第一 BUTLER网络 的另一个输入端口相连;
当 n等于 3时, 所述 90度电桥的两个输入端分别与所述第一 BUTLER 网络的另外两个输入端口相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述 n等于 2, m等于 4。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第一 BUTLER网络包 括: 第三功分器、 第四功分器、 第一反相器、 第二反相器、 第一 90度电桥及 第二 90度电桥;
所述第三功分器、第四功分器的输入端分别与所述第一 BUTLER网络的 一个输入端口相连;
所述第三功分器的一个输出端与所述第一 90度电桥的第一输入端相连, 另一输出端与所述第一反相器的输入端相连;
第四功分器的一个输出端与所述第一 90度电桥的第二输入端相连,另一 输出端与所述第二反相器的输入端相连;
所述第一反相器的输出端与所述第二 90度电桥的第一输入端相连; 所述第二反相器的输出端与所述第二 90度电桥的第二输入端相连; 所述第一 90度电桥的两个输出端均与一个所述输出端口相连;
所述第二 90度电桥的两个输出端均与一个所述输出端口相连。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第一 BUTLER网络包 括: 90度电桥, 所述 90度电桥的两个输入端分别与所述第一 BUTLER网络 的一个输入端口相连, 两个输出端分别与两个所述第一 BUTLER网络的输出 端口相连。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第一 BUTLER 网络的各输出端口分别与所述天线阵列中的两个、三个或四个辐射单元相连, 或者通过移相器分别与所述天线阵列中的两个、 三个或四个辐射单元相连。
8、 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述第一 BUTLER 网络有多个, 所述天线阵列中有与所述第一 BUTLER网络对应的多列垂直排 列的多个辐射单元, 各所述第一 BUTLER网络分别与对应的一列垂直排列的 多个辐射单元相连。
9、根据权利要求 8所述天线,其特征在于,还包括:与所述第一 BUTLER 网络数量相同的多个移相器, 所述多个移相器均为 m进 m出的移相器, 所述 第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口与移相器的输入端相连; 所述移相器的每个输出端与所述天线阵列的至少一个辐射单元相连。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述天线, 其特征在于, 所述天线还包括 m个第二 BUTLER网络, 所述 m个第二 BUTLER网络为水平 BUTLER网络, 所述 m 个第二 BUTLER 网络的输入端口的数量均等于 P, 其中, P 为所述第一 BUTLER网络的数量; 所述第二 BUTLER网络的输入端口与所述第一 BUTLER网络的输出端 口所述相连,每个第二 BUTLER网络的输出端口与所述天线阵列中至少两排 平行的辐射单元相连, 以使所述天线阵列中, 与所述第二 BUTLER网络相连 的辐射单元产生水平面上的 p个波束。
11、 根据权利要求 10 所述天线, 其特征在于, 还包括: 与所述第一 BUTLER网络数量相同的多个移相器,所述多个移相器均为 m进 m出的移相 器, 所述第一 BUTLER网络的输出端口与移相器的输入端相连, 所述移相器 的每个输出端与第二 BUTLER网络的输入端口相连, 每个第二 BUTLER网 络的输出端口与所述天线阵列中至少两排平行的辐射单元相连。
12、 根据权利要求 1-11任一项所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述辐射单元 为单偶极子单元、 正交双极化偶极子单元、 贴片辐射单元或圆环辐射单元。
13、根据权利要求 1-8任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一 BUTLER 网络通过滤波器与所述天线阵列相连。
14、 根据权利要求 7、 9所述的天线, 其特征在于, 所述移相器通过滤波 器与所述天线阵列相连。
15、根据权利要求 10或 11所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第二 BUTLER 网络通过滤波器与所述天线阵列相连。
16、 一种基站, 其特征在于, 包括: 抱杆及上述权利要求 1-15任一项所 述的天线, 所述天线固定在所述抱杆上。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19191873.9A EP3654450A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | Antenna and base station |
EP12742676.5A EP2685557B1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | Antenna and base station |
CN201280000895.8A CN102834972B (zh) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | 天线及基站 |
PCT/CN2012/074435 WO2012103855A2 (zh) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | 天线及基站 |
US13/592,145 US20130281159A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-22 | Antenna and base station |
US13/619,301 US8736493B2 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-14 | Antenna and base station |
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US13/592,145 Continuation US20130281159A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-22 | Antenna and base station |
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CN106602279A (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-26 | 华南理工大学 | 双波束天线系统 |
CN108666769A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-10-16 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | 一种宽频九波束阵列天线 |
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CN108352606B (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-07-21 | 日立金属株式会社 | 供电电路以及天线装置 |
Also Published As
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CN102834972B (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
WO2012103855A3 (zh) | 2013-03-14 |
EP3654450A1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
US20130281159A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2685557A2 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
US20130278461A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US8736493B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
EP2685557A4 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
EP2685557B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
CN102834972A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
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