WO2018040141A1 - 宽频三波束阵列天线 - Google Patents

宽频三波束阵列天线 Download PDF

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WO2018040141A1
WO2018040141A1 PCT/CN2016/099282 CN2016099282W WO2018040141A1 WO 2018040141 A1 WO2018040141 A1 WO 2018040141A1 CN 2016099282 W CN2016099282 W CN 2016099282W WO 2018040141 A1 WO2018040141 A1 WO 2018040141A1
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sub
input port
array antenna
array
radiating elements
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PCT/CN2016/099282
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴泽海
张劭
苏振华
吴壁群
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广东博纬通信科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018040141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018040141A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention relates to a broadband three-beam array antenna, in particular to a broadband three-beam array antenna for increasing network speed and capacity.
  • the fourth-generation mobile communication technology is commercialized on the scale of 4G/LTE, the data traffic in the mobile communication network is proliferating, and the bandwidth capacity of the mobile communication system in the user-intensive area is under tremendous pressure.
  • Large-scale plazas, transportation hubs, sports centers, performing arts venues, tourist attractions, college student residences and other regional users are densely populated. At peak times, tens of thousands or even more than 100,000 people can be accumulated.
  • Data traffic and voice calls require systems with extremely high capacity.
  • the conventional method of increasing the carrier is limited, and another method of reducing the coverage area of the base station antenna to increase the number of base stations faces the problem of site selection and property coordination, which is costly and limited in capacity.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,110, 015, 119, 119 A1 discloses a dual beam antenna formed by mixing a 2 x 3 and 2 x 4 Butler matrix circuit with 20 dB azimuth sidelobe suppression.
  • the working bandwidth of this technology is only 25% (1710-2200MHz), which cannot be compatible with the 2300 and 2600MHz bands of 4G LTE at the same time, and the number of splitting of the two beam antenna cells is still not enough for users with particularly dense places.
  • the invention patent of CN 102544763 A proposes a method of generating a three beam using a 3 x 3 Butler matrix, the array arrangement being as shown in FIG.
  • Each column of the evenly arranged radiating elements is connected to a vertical splitter and then to a 3 x 3 Butler matrix output, each polarization corresponding to a 3 x 3 Butler matrix.
  • the beam is increased by three, the operating frequency band can only cover 1710-2170MHz.
  • Existing three-beam technology if the frequency band is widened to 1700-2700MHz Segments, at 2700MHz, produce very high horizontal grating lobes.
  • the pattern of the simulation calculation in Figure 2 shows that the grating lobes at the 2700MHz frequency are as high as -4dB, which is very disturbing to adjacent cells.
  • the working frequency band is widened to 1700-2700MHz, compatible with the 4G, 3G standard frequency band and part of the 2G standard frequency band, and the azimuth direction in the working frequency band has good side lobes and The grating lobe suppresses performance to overcome the above problems.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical means:
  • a broadband three-beam array antenna comprising a metal reflector; an array of radiating elements comprising M sub-arrays, each sub-array comprising N radiating elements arranged in a horizontal direction, at least one sub-array being offset in a horizontal direction
  • Multiple phase compensation circuits for phase compensation of horizontally offset sub-arrays multiple beamforming networks including two 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix circuits, and two power distribution networks; 3 ⁇ 3 Butler Matrix
  • the circuit includes a first input port forming a first beam, a second input port forming a second beam, and a third input port forming a third beam.
  • the radiating element is a dual polarized antenna unit.
  • the number of sub-arrays M is six, and the number N of radiating elements in the sub-array is six.
  • each sub-array is arranged along a horizontal line, and the three sub-arrays are horizontally offset.
  • the spacing of the radiating elements of each sub-array is equal, and the vertical spacing between the sub-arrays is equal.
  • the distance that the three sub-arrays are shifted in the horizontal direction is half of the horizontal interval of the radiation unit.
  • phase compensation circuit includes two independent transmission lines, and the phase difference between the two is ⁇ .
  • the 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix circuit has an output port connected to an input port of a power distribution network, and an input port of the 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix circuit is a first input port, a second input port, and a Three loses On the ingress port, the output port of the power distribution network is the output port of the beamforming network.
  • the 3 x 3 Butler Matrix circuit consists of three mixers and at least one phase shifter.
  • the azimuth of the first beam ranges from 20 to 55 degrees
  • the azimuth of the second beam is 0 degrees
  • the azimuth of the third beam ranges from -20 to -55 degrees.
  • phase shifters there are three phase shifters, each azimuth direction beam corresponding to one phase shifter, each phase shifter comprising two tilt angle adjusting circuits for adjusting the downtilt angle of the two polarization elevation planes of the corresponding beam, shifting
  • the output port of the phaser is connected to the first input port and the third input port of the beam forming network through a phase compensation circuit.
  • one sub-array corresponds to one beam forming network, and the radiating unit of each sub-array is connected to an output port of the corresponding beam forming network.
  • a power distribution network comprising a plurality of 3-way power divider circuits and a 2-way power divider circuit, wherein the output ports of the 3-way power divider circuit are connected to three radiation units at different horizontal positions in the same horizontal position.
  • the input port of the 3-way splitter circuit is connected to the output port of the beamforming network.
  • first input port and the third input port of the beam forming network are connected to the 2-way splitter circuit through a phase compensation circuit.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • each sub-array includes N radiating elements arranged in a horizontal direction, at least one sub-array is offset in a horizontal direction, and a plurality of phase compensating circuits perform phase compensation on the horizontally offset sub-array,
  • different rows of radiating elements are offset in a horizontal direction according to a certain rule, and a certain phase compensation is added to the offset radiating elements in the feeding network, and the three beam antennas have better side lobes in the ultra-wide frequency band and
  • the grating-valve suppression performance reduces the neighboring interference of the corresponding cell of the beam, and achieves frequency reuse of the adjacent cell without increasing the antenna site and the surface resource, thereby improving the network capacity.
  • 1 is a radiation unit arrangement scheme for generating a three-beam antenna in the prior art
  • 2 is a 2700 MHz pattern of a three-beam antenna widened to 1700-2700 MHz in the prior art
  • 3 is a radiation unit arrangement scheme of a broadband three-beam antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of a first row of radiation units and a beam forming network according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of an output port of a phase shifter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a composite direction diagram of a simulated three-beam antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a connection diagram of a radiating element and a 3-way splitter circuit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a connection diagram of a beamforming network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a connection diagram of phase compensation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the broadband three-beam array antenna includes a metal reflector, a radiation unit array, a plurality of phase compensation circuits, a plurality of beamforming networks, and a power distribution network.
  • the three beams of the beamforming network are mainly generated by the beamforming network.
  • Each beamforming network includes two 3 x 3 Butler matrix circuits and two power distribution networks.
  • the 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix circuit is composed of three mixers and at least one phase shifter, including a first input port forming a first beam, a second input port forming a second beam, and a third beam forming The third input port; the azimuth of the first beam ranges from 20 to 55 degrees, the azimuth of the second beam is 0 degrees, and the azimuth of the third beam ranges from -20 to -55 degrees.
  • the input port of the power distribution network in the beamforming network is connected to the output port of the 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix, the input port of the 3 ⁇ 3 Butler matrix is the beam forming network input port, and the output port of the power distribution network is the output of the beam forming network. port.
  • a wide-band three-beam antenna is provided, and the tilt angle of each beam can be independently adjusted, including a metal reflector, a radiation unit array, multiple beamforming networks, a phase shifter, and a phase compensation circuit.
  • Adjacent rows of the array of radiating elements are offset horizontally in the arrangement, as shown in FIG.
  • the plurality of radiating elements 101 are arranged in a row, the horizontal spacing of the radiating elements is HD, the vertical spacing is VD, and the distance horizontally staggered by adjacent rows is HD1.
  • the number of radiating elements per row is 6 and the horizontal spacing is equal, the number of rows is 6 and the vertical spacing of adjacent rows is equal; preferably, the second row of radiating elements 112, the fourth row of radiating elements 114, and the sixth row
  • the radiating elements 116 are each right offset HD1 with respect to the first row 111; the third row of radiating elements 113 and the fifth row of radiating elements 115 are not offset with respect to the first row 111.
  • the radiating element 101 is a ⁇ 45 dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna, a patch antenna and a slot antenna.
  • each row of radiating elements is coupled to an output port of the beam forming network.
  • the first row of radiating elements 111 is connected to the beam forming network 121 as shown in FIG.
  • the 3x3 Butler Matrix circuit 104 and the power distribution network 102 in the beamforming network 121 correspond to a +45 polarization signal; the 3x3 Butler Matrix circuit 105 and the power distribution network 103 correspond to a -45 polarization signal.
  • the output ports of 104 and 105 are respectively connected to the input ports of the power distribution networks 102 and 103.
  • the power distribution networks 102 and 103 are composed of a plurality of 2-way splitters, and the output ports of each splitter are connected to the radiating elements of the first row. .
  • Butler matrix circuit 104 input ports 41, 42 and 43 are +45 polarized first, second and third input ports, respectively.
  • Butler matrix circuit 105 input ports 51, 52, and 53 are -45 polarized first, second, and third input ports, respectively.
  • the radiating elements of the other rows are similar to the connections of the beamforming network.
  • the input ports of the plurality of beamforming networks are connected to the output ports of the phase shifters through phase compensation circuits.
  • the +45 polarization first beam signal 81 whose azimuth angle is positive is divided into six output ports through the phase shifter 108, and respectively connected to the phase compensation circuit 106, and the phase compensation circuit 106 is connected to a plurality of beamforming networks ( 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126) the first input port.
  • the -45-polarized first beam signal 91 is divided into six output ports via a phase shifter 109, and is respectively connected to a phase compensation circuit 107.
  • the phase compensation circuit 107 is connected to the first input ports of the plurality of beamforming networks.
  • the phase compensation circuit compensates the offset radiation unit with a phase offset of ⁇ ,
  • the phase compensation circuit includes two independent transmission lines, and the phase difference between the two is ⁇ .
  • the phase shifter connects the plurality of beam forming network third input ports through the phase compensation circuit.
  • the phase shifter connects the second input ports of the plurality of beamforming networks, and there is no phase compensation circuit in between.
  • the phase shifter is used to adjust the tilt angle of each beam pitch plane, and the number of output ports is equal to the array line number M.
  • each row of radiating elements corresponds to one beamforming network; each beam corresponds to one phase shifter, and each phase shifter network includes two polarized tilt adjustment circuits.
  • the technology of the invention can not only achieve independent adjustment of different beam downtilt angles, but also obtain good azimuth sidelobe grating lobe suppression performance by array cell staggering and phase compensation techniques.
  • Figure 6 shows the simulated three-beam azimuth synthesis pattern using a 6-row, 6-column array layout.
  • the radiating element in the simulation model uses a crossed dipole antenna with a downtilt angle of 0 degrees.
  • the simulation results in Figure 6-a show that the sidelobe and grating lobes are better than 21dB at 1700MHz;
  • Figure 6-b shows that the sidelobe and grating lobes are better than 22dB at 2700MHz.
  • the beam crossover level is 10 dB and the 10 dB beamwidth range is 76-126 degrees.
  • the antenna of this embodiment can be used in a conventional cellular network instead of a three-sector antenna and a six-sector antenna to form a nine-sector cell division.
  • the capacity can be further increased by cell splitting, and the neighboring area of the cell has small interference due to the low azimuth side lobes in the ultra-wideband (bandwidth 45%) range.
  • the rate is high.
  • the traditional 9-sector division requires 9 narrow-beam antennas, each of which is very large, and it is very difficult to install on the antenna tower. In this embodiment, only 9 antennas are needed for 9 sectors, which can be conveniently arranged in the antenna tower. on.
  • the embodiment of the invention is a dual-polarized three-beam antenna covering a super wide frequency band of 1700-2700 MHz with a fixed downtilt angle.
  • the arrangement of the radiating elements is uniform, the number of beam forming networks is reduced from 6 to 2, and the phase shifter is simplified into a plurality of 3-way splitter circuits.
  • the 3-way splitter circuit is located between the radiating element and the beamforming network to control the beam tilt and beamwidth of the pitch plane.
  • each column of the array is connected to a 3-way splitter circuit.
  • the +45 degree polarization connection of the radiating element in Figure 3 is shown in Figure 7.
  • the first row of radiating elements are connected as follows.
  • the radiating elements d11, d31 and d51 are connected to the output port of the 3-way splitter circuit 201, and the radiating elements d21, d41 and d61 are connected to the output port of the other 3-way splitter circuit 202, and the connections of the other columns are connected. similar.
  • the input port of the 3-way splitter circuit is connected to the output port of the beam forming network, as shown in FIG.
  • the input ports A21 to A26 of the 3-way splitter circuit connecting the radiation units of the 1, 3, and 5 rows are connected to the output port of the power distribution network 301 in the beam forming network; and the 3-way work of the radiating elements of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows is connected.
  • the input ports B21 to B26 of the divider circuit are connected to the output port of the other power distribution network 302.
  • Two 3x3 Butler matrix circuits 401 and 402 serve as input ports for the beamforming network, and their output ports connect the input ports of the power distribution networks 301 and 302.
  • the beam forming network corresponds to the +45 polarization second input ports 412 and 422 connected to the 2-way power divider circuit 602; the first input ports 411 and 421 are connected to the 2-way power divider circuit via the phase compensation circuit 501. 601; the third input ports 413 and 423 are connected to the 2-way splitter circuit 603 via the phase compensation circuit 502.
  • the phase compensation circuit compensates the offset radiation unit with a phase offset of ⁇ .
  • Figure 7-9 shows a +45 polarization connection, and the -45 polarization connection is similar.
  • the three-beam antenna of this embodiment has a fixed downtilt angle and is suitable for a user-intensive and relatively fixed scene, such as a medium-sized stadium, a performing arts center, and a square. By performing fine cell division on application scenarios such as venues and using multiple fixed-angle three-beam antennas, communication capacity can be improved.
  • the spacing between two adjacent radiating elements in the horizontal direction is fixed, that is, the radiating elements are equally spaced.
  • the vibrator units can also be arranged at unequal intervals.
  • the two vibrators in the vertical direction may also be arranged at unequal intervals.
  • the 2nd, 4th, and 6th rows are right-shifted with respect to the 1st, 3rd, and 5th rows, and may be left-shifted in practical applications.
  • each sub-array includes N radiating elements arranged in a horizontal direction, the plurality of sub-arrays are offset in a horizontal direction, and a plurality of phase compensating circuits perform phase compensation on the horizontally offset sub-array, such that The radiating elements with different rows are offset in a certain direction in the horizontal direction, and a certain phase compensation is added to the offset radiating elements in the feeding network.
  • the three beam antennas have better side lobes and gratings in the ultra-wide frequency band.
  • the flap suppression performance reduces the neighboring interference of the corresponding cell of the beam, and achieves frequency reuse of the adjacent cell without increasing the antenna site and the surface resource, thereby improving the network capacity.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种宽频三波束阵列天线，其包括一金属反射板；一辐射单元阵列，其包含M个子阵列，每一个子阵列包含N个沿水平方向排列的辐射单元，至少一个子阵列在水平方向偏移；多个相位补偿电路，对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿；多个波束形成网络，其包含2个3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，和2个功率分配网络；3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，包含形成第一波束的第一输入端口，形成第二波束的第二输入端口，和形成第三波束的第三输入端口，采用不同行的辐射单元在水平方向按照一定规律偏移的方案，并在馈电网络里对偏移的辐射单元添加一定的相位补偿来抑制栅瓣。

Description

宽频三波束阵列天线 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种宽频三波束阵列天线，尤指一种提高网络速率和容量的宽频三波束阵列天线。
【背景技术】
第四代移动通信技术4G/LTE规模商用后，移动通信网络中的数据流量激增，用户密集区域移动通信系统带宽容量面临巨大压力。大型广场、交通枢纽、体育中心、演艺场馆、旅游景点、高校学生宿舍等区域用户密集，高峰时期可积聚几万乃至超过十万人口，数据流量和语音通话都需要系统具备极高的容量。为了增加通信网络容量，传统增加载波的方式提升有限，另外一种缩小基站天线覆盖区域从而增加基站数量的方法，面临站址选择和物业协调的难题，成本高昂，容量提高有限。
针对单个小区容量有限的问题，使用多波束天线，常规单个扇区的覆盖区域可细分为多个扇区，无线信道容量成倍增加。专利号为US20110205119A1的美国专利提出了混合使用2×3和2×4的巴特勒矩阵电路形成的双波束天线，具有20dB的方位角旁瓣抑制性能。但是该技术工作带宽只有25％(1710-2200MHz)，不能同时兼容4G LTE的2300和2600MHz频段，而且对于用户特别密集的地方，两波束天线小区分裂的数目仍然不够多。专利号为CN 102544763 A的发明专利提出了一种使用3×3巴特勒矩阵来产生三波束的方法，阵列排列如图1所示。均匀排布的辐射单元的每一列与垂直功分器相连，再与3×3的巴特勒矩阵输出口相连，每一个极化对应一个3×3的巴特勒矩阵。虽然波束增加为3个，但是工作频段只能覆盖1710-2170MHz。现有的三波束技术，如果频段拓宽至1700-2700MHz频 段，在2700MHz频率会产生非常高的水平栅瓣。图2仿真计算的方向图显示，2700MHz频率处栅瓣高达-4dB，对相邻小区干扰非常大。
因此，有必要设计一种好的宽频三波束阵列天线，工作频带拓宽至1700-2700MHz，兼容4G、3G制式频段和部分2G制式的频段，且工作频带范围内方位角方向具有良好的旁瓣和栅瓣抑制性能，以克服上述问题。
【发明内容】
针对背景技术所面临的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种通过设置相位补偿电路对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿，提高网络速率和容量的宽频三波束阵列天线。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术手段：
一种宽频三波束阵列天线，其包括一金属反射板；一辐射单元阵列，其包含M个子阵列，每一个子阵列包含N个沿水平方向排列的辐射单元，至少一个子阵列在水平方向偏移；多个相位补偿电路，对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿；多个波束形成网络，其包含2个3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，和2个功率分配网络；3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，包含形成第一波束的第一输入端口，形成第二波束的第二输入端口，和形成第三波束的第三输入端口。
进一步地，辐射单元为双极化天线单元。
进一步地，子阵列数目M为6个，子阵列中辐射单元数目N为6个。
进一步地，每一个子阵列的多个辐射单元沿一水平线排列，3个子阵列水平方向偏移。
进一步地，各子阵列辐射单元间距相等，各子阵列之间的垂直间距相等。
进一步地，3个子阵列在水平方向偏移的距离为辐射单元水平间距的一半。
进一步地，相位补偿电路包含2个独立传输线路，二者相位差为φ。
进一步地，3×3巴特勒矩阵电路具有输出端口，其连接一功率分配网络的输入端口，3×3巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口为波束形成网络的第一输入端口、第二输入端口和第三输 入端口，功率分配网络的输出端口为波束形成网络的输出端口。
进一步地，3×3巴特勒矩阵电路由三个混合器和至少一个相位偏移器组成。
进一步地，第一波束的方位角范围为20至55度，第二波束的方位角为0度，第三波束的方位角范围为-20至-55度。
进一步具有三个移相器，每一个方位角方向的波束对应一个移相器，每一个移相器包含两个倾角调节电路，用于调节对应波束两个极化俯仰面的下倾角度，移相器的输出端口通过相位补偿电路连接波束形成网络的第一输入端口和第三输入端口。
进一步地，一个子阵列对应一个波束形成网络，每一个子阵列的辐射单元连接对应的波束形成网络的输出端口。
进一步具有一功率分配网络，其包含多个3路功分器电路和2路功分器电路，3路功分器电路的输出端口连接不同行的位于同一水平位置的三个辐射单元。
进一步地，3路功分器电路的输入端口连接波束形成网络的输出端口。
进一步地，波束形成网络的第一输入端口和第三输入端口通过相位补偿电路连接2路功分器电路。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
上述宽频三波束阵列天线，每一个子阵列包含N个沿水平方向排列的辐射单元，至少一个子阵列在水平方向偏移，多个相位补偿电路，对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿，这样采用不同行的辐射单元在水平方向按照一定规律偏移，并在馈电网络里对偏移的辐射单元添加一定的相位补偿，三波束天线在超宽频段内都具有较好的旁瓣和栅瓣抑制性能，降低波束对应小区的邻区干扰，在不增加天线站址和天面资源的条件下实现相邻小区的频率复用，提高网络容量。
【附图说明】
图1为现有技术产生三波束天线的辐射单元排列方案；
图2为现有技术拓宽到1700-2700MHz的三波束天线2700MHz方向图；
图3为本发明的宽频三波束天线的辐射单元排布方案；
图4为本发明实施例1第一排辐射单元与波束形成网络的连线图；
图5为本发明实施例1移相器输出端口的相位补偿的示意图；
图6为本发明实施例1仿真的三波束天线的合成方向图；
图7为本发明实施例2中辐射单元与3路功分器电路的连线图；
图8为本发明实施例2波束形成网络的连接图；
图9为本发明实施例2相位补偿的连线图。
【具体实施方式】
为便于更好的理解本发明的目的、结构、特征以及功效等，现结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明中，宽频三波束阵列天线包括一金属反射板、一辐射单元阵列、多个相位补偿电路、多个波束形成网络以及功率分配网络，波束形成网络的三个波束主要由波束形成网络产生，每个波束形成网络包括2个3×3巴特勒矩阵电路和2个功率分配网络。其中，3×3巴特勒矩阵电路由三个混合器和至少一个相位偏移器组成，包含形成第一波束的第一输入端口，形成第二波束的第二输入端口，和形成第三波束的第三输入端口；第一波束的方位角范围20至55度，第二波束的方位角为0度，第三波束的方位角范围-20至-55度。波束形成网络中的功率分配网络的输入端口连接3×3巴特勒矩阵的输出端口，3×3巴特勒矩阵的输入端口为波束形成网络输入端口，功率分配网络的输出端口为波束形成网络的输出端口。
下面将结合附图和具体的实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1：
本发明实施例提供的一种宽频段三波束天线，每一个波束的俯仰面倾角可独立调节，包括金属反射板，辐射单元阵列，多个波束形成网络，移相器，和相位补偿电路。
辐射单元阵列的相邻行在排布上采用水平方向偏移的方式，如图3所示。多个辐射单元101排成一行，辐射单元水平间距为HD，垂直间距为VD，相邻行水平错开的距离为HD1。优选地，每一行的辐射单元数目为6且水平间距相等，行数为6且相邻行的垂直间距相等；优选地，第二行辐射单元112，第四行辐射单元114，和第六行辐射单元116均相对于第一行111右偏移HD1；第三行辐射单元113与第五行辐射单元115相对于第一行111无偏移。优选地，辐射单元101为±45双极化的交叉偶极天线，贴片天线和缝隙天线。
优选地，每一行的辐射单元与波束形成网络的输出端口相连。第一行辐射单元111与波束形成网络121连接如图4所示。波束形成网络121中3×3巴特勒矩阵电路104和功率分配网络102，对应+45极化信号；3×3巴特勒矩阵电路105和功率分配网络103，对应-45极化信号。104和105的输出端口分别连接功率分配网络102和103的输入端口，功率分配网络102和103由多个2路功分器组成，每一个功分器的输出端口与第一行的辐射单元连接。巴特勒矩阵电路104输入端口41、42和43分别是+45极化第一、第二和第三输入端口。巴特勒矩阵电路105输入端口51、52和53分别是-45极化第一、第二和第三输入端口。其它行的辐射单元与波束形成网络的连接类似。
优选地，多个波束形成网络的输入端口，通过相位补偿电路与移相器的输出端口相连。如图5所示，方位角指向为正的+45极化第一波束信号81经过移相器108分成6个输出端口，分别连接相位补偿电路106，相位补偿电路106连接多个波束形成网络(121、122、123、124、125、126)第一输入端口。同样的，-45极化第一波束信号91经过移相器109分成6个输出端口，分别连接相位补偿电路107，相位补偿电路107连接上述多个波束形成网络第一输入端口。所述相位补偿电路对偏移的辐射单元，进行相位偏移量为φ的补偿， 相位补偿电路包含2个独立传输线路，二者相位差为φ。
类似地，方位角指向为负的第三波束+45和-45极化信号通路中，移相器通过相位补偿电路，连接多个波束形成网络第三输入端口。方位角指向为0的第二波束+45和-45极化信号通路中，移相器连接多个波束形成网络第二输入端口，中间无相位补偿电路。所述移相器用于调节每一个波束俯仰面的倾角,其输出端口数目跟阵列行数M相等。优选地，相邻行水平偏移距离HD1为辐射单元水平距离的一半，即HD1＝HD/2，相位补偿电路的相位差φ＝60度。
与现有的三波束技术相比，本发明通过对阵列单元交错排列，并添加相位补偿电路来实现技术优势。对于双极化三波束天线，每一行辐射单元对应一个波束形成网络；每一个波束对应一个移相器，每一个移相器网络包含两个极化的倾角调节电路。本发明技术不仅可以实现不同波束下倾角独立调节，而且通过阵列单元交错排列和相位补偿技术，得到良好的方位角旁瓣栅瓣抑制性能。
图6显示的是使用6行6列的阵列布局，仿真模拟的三波束方位角合成方向图，仿真模型里辐射单元使用交叉偶极天线,下倾角为0度。图6-a仿真结果显示，在1700MHz旁瓣以及栅瓣抑制优于21dB；图6-b显示在2700MHz旁瓣和栅瓣抑制优于22dB。波束交叉电平为10dB，10dB波束宽度范围76-126度。
本实施例的天线可以使用在传统的蜂窝网络中，替代三扇区天线和六扇区天线，形成九扇区的小区划分。相对于传统的三扇区和六扇区天线，可以进一步通过小区分裂增加容量，同时由于在超宽频(带宽45％)范围内具有较低的方位角旁瓣，小区的邻区干扰小，网络速率高。传统的9扇区划分需要9个窄波束天线，每一个天线都非常庞大，同时安装在天线塔上非常困难，本实施例实现9个扇区只需3个天线，可以方便的配置在天线塔上。
实施例2：
本发明实施例为下倾角固定的覆盖超宽频段1700-2700MHz的双极化三波束天线。与 实施例1相比，辐射单元的排列是一致的，波束形成网络数量由6个减少为2个，移相器简化为多个3路功分器电路。所述3路功分器电路位于辐射单元和波束形成网络之间，用以控制俯仰面的波束倾角和波束宽度。
优选地，阵列中每一列的三个相同水平位置的辐射单元与3路功分器电路相连。图3中辐射单元的+45度极化连接如图7所示。第一列辐射单元连接如下，辐射单元d11、d31和d51连接3路功分器电路201输出端口，辐射单元d21、d41和d61连接另外一个3路功分器电路202输出端口，其他列的连接类似。
优选地，3路功分器电路的输入端口与波束形成网络的输出端口相连，如图8所示。连接第1、3、5行辐射单元的3路功分器电路的输入端口A21至A26连接波束形成网络中功率分配网络301的输出端口；连接第2、4、6行辐射单元的3路功分器电路的输入端口B21至B26连接另一个功率分配网络302的输出端口。两个3×3巴特勒矩阵电路401和402作为波束形成网络的输入端口，其输出端口连接功率分配网络301和302的输入端口。
如图9所示，波束形成网络对应+45极化第二输入端口412和422连接2路功分器电路602；第一输入端口411和421经过相位补偿电路501连接到2路功分器电路601；第三输入端口413和423经过相位补偿电路502连接到2路功分器电路603。所述相位补偿电路对偏移的辐射单元，进行相位偏移量为φ的补偿。图7-9显示的是+45极化连接，-45极化的连接类似。
该实施例的三波束天线下倾角固定，适合用户较为密集而且相对固定的场景，比如中型的体育场馆，演艺中心和广场。通过对场馆等应用场景进行精细的小区划分，使用多副的固定倾角三波束天线，可以实现通信容量的提升。
需要强调的是，以上2个实施例中，天线阵列中，位于水平方向相邻两个辐射单元之间的间距是固定的，即辐射单元是等间距排列的。然而，在实际工程应用中，振子单元也可以是不等间距排列的。同样的，垂直方向上的两个振子也可以是不等间距排列的。在实 施例中，第2、4、6行相对于第1、3、5行右偏移，在实际应用中，也可以是左偏移的。这种振子排列交错变化的情形，也可以实现超宽频范围内具有低旁瓣的多波束方向图，由于不脱离本发明的构思，也在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述宽频三波束阵列天线，每一个子阵列包含N个沿水平方向排列的辐射单元，多个子阵列在水平方向偏移，多个相位补偿电路，对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿，这样采用不同行的辐射单元在水平方向按照一定规律偏移，并在馈电网络里对偏移的辐射单元添加一定的相位补偿，三波束天线在超宽频段内都具有较好的旁瓣和栅瓣抑制性能，降低波束对应小区的邻区干扰，在不增加天线站址和天面资源的条件下实现相邻小区的频率复用，提高网络容量。
以上详细说明仅为本发明之较佳实施例的说明，非因此局限本发明的专利范围，所以，凡运用本创作说明书及图示内容所为的等效技术变化，均包含于本发明的专利范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于，包括：
    一金属反射板；
    一辐射单元阵列，其包含M个子阵列，每一个子阵列包含N个沿水平方向排列的辐射单元，至少一个子阵列在水平方向偏移；
    多个相位补偿电路，对水平方向偏移的子阵列进行相位补偿；
    多个波束形成网络，其包含2个3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，和2个功率分配网络；3×3巴特勒矩阵电路，包含形成第一波束的第一输入端口，形成第二波束的第二输入端口，和形成第三波束的第三输入端口。
  2. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：辐射单元为双极化天线单元。
  3. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：子阵列数目M为6个，子阵列中辐射单元数目N为6个。
  4. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：每一个子阵列的多个辐射单元沿一水平线排列，3个子阵列在水平方向偏移。
  5. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：各子阵列辐射单元间距相等，各子阵列之间的垂直间距相等。
  6. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：3个子阵列在水平方向偏移的距离为辐射单元水平间距的一半。
  7. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：相位补偿电路包含2个独立传输线路，二者相位差为φ。
  8. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：3×3巴特勒矩阵电路具有输出端口，其连接一功率分配网络的输入端口，3×3巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口为波束形成网络 的第一输入端口、第二输入端口和第三输入端口，功率分配网络的输出端口为波束形成网络的输出端口。
  9. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：3×3巴特勒矩阵电路由三个混合器和至少一个相位偏移器组成。
  10. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：第一波束的方位角范围为20至55度，第二波束的方位角为0度，第三波束的方位角范围为-20至-55度。
  11. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：进一步具有三个移相器，每一个方位角方向的波束对应一个移相器，每一个移相器包含两个倾角调节电路，用于调节对应波束两个极化俯仰面的下倾角度，移相器的输出端口通过相位补偿电路连接波束形成网络的第一输入端口和第三输入端口。
  12. 如权利要求11的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：一个子阵列对应一个波束形成网络，每一个子阵列的辐射单元连接对应的波束形成网络的输出端口。
  13. 如权利要求1的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：进一步具有一功率分配网络，其包含多个3路功分器电路和2路功分器电路，3路功分器电路的输出端口连接不同行的位于同一水平位置的三个辐射单元。
  14. 如权利要求13的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：3路功分器电路的输入端口连接波束形成网络的输出端口。
  15. 如权利要求14的宽频三波束阵列天线，其特征在于：波束形成网络的第一输入端口和第三输入端口通过相位补偿电路连接2路功分器电路。
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