WO2012094991A1 - 一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置 - Google Patents

一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012094991A1
WO2012094991A1 PCT/CN2012/070195 CN2012070195W WO2012094991A1 WO 2012094991 A1 WO2012094991 A1 WO 2012094991A1 CN 2012070195 W CN2012070195 W CN 2012070195W WO 2012094991 A1 WO2012094991 A1 WO 2012094991A1
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Prior art keywords
control
valve group
valve
hydraulic
oil
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PCT/CN2012/070195
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王勇
张宏
张升霞
刘凯
李宗�
张箭
廖明军
秦家升
杨裕丰
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徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司
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Priority to BR112013017689A priority Critical patent/BR112013017689A2/pt
Publication of WO2012094991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012094991A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2239—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance
    • E02F9/2242—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using two or more pumps with cross-assistance including an electronic controller
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2282—Systems using center bypass type changeover valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/17—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors using two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105—Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116—Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/85978—With pump
    • Y10T137/86131—Plural
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an excavator working device, in particular to a device for improving excavating and excavating handling characteristics and flat working characteristics, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic circuit devices.
  • Hydraulic excavators are widely used in engineering construction such as foundation excavation and backfilling, pipeline laying and farmland water conservancy construction. They have the advantages of flexible construction and high efficiency.
  • the hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of a working device, a slewing mechanism, a traveling mechanism, a turntable and a hydraulic control device.
  • the lifting and lowering of the boom, the expansion and contraction of the arm, the rotation of the bucket and the rotation of the turning device are all controlled by the hydraulic device.
  • the loop control multi-way valve block realizes the distribution of the hydraulic oil supplied by the hydraulic pump.
  • the excavation maneuvering property refers to the comprehensive judgment of the stability, fluency and maneuverability of the excavator during excavation work. Among them, the fluency and maneuverability of the excavation action are the most concerned by the operator.
  • the reasonable ratio of the movement speed of the excavator boom cylinder and the arm cylinder directly determines the excavation and excavation characteristics of the excavator and directly affects the use of the excavator. Efficiency and operational experience of the operator.
  • the best matching of the movement speed of the cylinder mainly controls the opening and closing of the valve core of the hydraulic valve through the pilot oil of the hydraulic control system of the excavator, opens the corresponding valve of the valve core, communicates with the main pump oil passage, and connects the oil passage and the oil passage.
  • the flow size enables cylinder movement and speed control.
  • the working device In the excavation operation process of the existing excavator, the working device has a large acceleration. If the sudden stop motion or sudden start is caused by a high speed, the large machine shakes and shakes are often accompanied, which affects the comfort and smoothness of the excavator excavation operation. Sex, while increasing the fatigue of the operator, affecting the efficiency of the work. Excavators that work under such conditions for a long time will have a shorter life. In addition, the frequent switching between the no-load and high-load of the hydraulic pump also increases the engine load, and the fuel consumption and the cost of use will increase.
  • Excavator leveling operation characteristics are important use characteristics after mining operation characteristics, and are mainly used in the following working conditions: digging trenches for pipeline laying, leveling the ground, and repairing slopes.
  • the leveling performance of the excavator is directly related to the design parameters of the excavator.
  • the moving speeds of the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder and the bucket cylinder are fixed. Therefore, when the ground is flat, the moving speed of the boom, the stick and the bucket is a fixed parameter.
  • the existing excavator has problems in the flat ground: the boom is lifted too fast, and the stick reciprocating speed is not Good, the uncoordinated and unsynchronized speed of the bucket and the composite movement of the boom arm directly affect the performance of the leveling work.
  • the main reason for the slow lifting of the boom is that in the existing design, the double-pumping oil supply mode is usually adopted to improve the digging speed of the bucket, and the dual-pump oil supply simultaneously to the boom cylinder, the stick cylinder and The bucket cylinder is supplied with oil.
  • the excavator performs excavation or trenching lifting work, the amount of working oil supplied to the boom cylinder is reduced due to the premature loss of a large amount of working oil through the joining of the bucket cylinders, and the formation speed is caused to be uncoordinated.
  • adding a corresponding flow control valve directly to the circuit of the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder and the bucket cylinder can also adjust the composite manipulation effect of the actuator to different degrees to alleviate the problem of speed mismatch.
  • the effect obtained by the method has no universal significance, and the complicated difficulty in designing and adjusting the pipeline is added, and the limited control pipeline of the control valve is occupied.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for improving excavating and digging operation characteristics and leveling operation characteristics, and improving comfort in excavation handling and leveling work while balancing work efficiency.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for improving excavating and excavating handling characteristics and flat working characteristics, including a double hydraulic pump, a gear pump, a hydraulic oil tank, a right control handle valve, a left control handle valve, multiple valve, an arm cylinder and a boom cylinder, double hydraulic pump and the gear pump 1 is connected to the suction port via the mechanical connection mechanism B in series, the other end of the suction port B 1 is connected to the hydraulic tank; double hydraulic pump The P 1 oil passage and the P 2 oil passage are connected to the input ports of the multi-way valve group; the Aa1 of the multi-way valve group is connected with the rodless cavity of the arm cylinder, and the Ba1 of the multi-way valve group is connected with the rod cavity of the arm cylinder The multi-way valve group Ab1 is connected with the rodless cavity of the boom cylinder, the Bb1 of the multi-way valve group is connected with the rod cavity of the boom cylinder; the oil return port R 2 of the multi-way valve group
  • the oil port T1 is connected with the hydraulic oil tank; the left control handle valve is connected in parallel with the pilot control end XAa2 end of the multi-way valve group, the XAa1 end and the pressure detecting end a2 end of the hydraulic control reversing valve through the ARM CROWD end, and the hydraulic control reversing valve
  • the oil control output end b1 is connected to the pilot control end XAb2 end of the multi-way valve group, and the oil return port T2 of the hydraulic control reversing valve is connected with the hydraulic oil tank.
  • the change of the confluence control circuit can be realized, and the required speed of the arm in the leveling operation can be selectively increased.
  • the reciprocating function reduces the hydraulic flow of the boom lifting circuit, reduces the hydraulic shock, improves the comfort during leveling operation, and achieves the best leveling effect at the lowest complexity.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that in the excavation work and the flattening operation, the actions can be coordinated and synchronized, and the production and maintenance costs are reduced while improving the use efficiency and the comfort of the excavator, and the work efficiency is also obtained. Significantly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the hydraulic principle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic oil path when the hydraulically controlled directional control valve is not commutated in the standard excavation mode.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic oil path when the liquid-controlled reversing valve is commutated in the standard excavation mode.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic oil path during the excavation of the arm in the leveling operation mode.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic oil path when the stick is swinging in the flat operation mode.
  • the present invention includes a double hydraulic pump 1, a gear pump 2, a hydraulic oil tank 3, a right control handle valve 5, a left control handle valve 6, and a multi-way valve. group 8, arm cylinder 9 and the boom cylinder 10, the hydraulic pump 1 with a double gear pump 2 is connected to a suction port B through the mechanical connection in series, the other end of the suction port B is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 1, 3; double The P 1 oil passage and the P 2 oil passage of the hydraulic pump 1 are connected to the input port of the multi-way valve group 8; the Aa1 of the multi-way valve group 8 is connected to the rodless chamber of the arm cylinder 9, and the Ba1 of the multi-way valve group 8 is The arm cylinder 9 has a rod cavity connection; the Ab1 of the multi-way valve group 8 is connected to the rodless cavity of the boom cylinder 10, and the Bb1 of the multi-way valve group 8 is connected to the rod cavity of the boom cylinder 10; the multi-
  • the electromagnetic valve group 4 controls the electric signal end to be connected with the controller, and realizes the electromagnetic valve group by the instruction of the operator. Path mode and open circuit mode switching; controller sends a signal to solenoid valve group 4 path, solenoid valve group 4 Cut off the boom to raise the merge circuit, increase the stick outer swing joint circuit, and realize the leveling operation mode; the controller sends a signal to make the solenoid valve group 4 When the circuit is broken, the spool is restored to the neutral position, the boom is raised to improve the merge circuit, and the outer swing of the stick is cut off to realize the standard mining mode.
  • the hydraulic control valve 7 detects the control pressure signal of the arm excavation and the control pressure value of the arm excavation. Less than the liquid-controlled reversing valve 7 When the reversing pressure is applied, The hydraulically controlled directional control valve 7 is not reversed, and the pilot control oil passage control boom cylinder 10 and the arm cylinder 9 working oil are completely provided by the combined flow of the double pump, and the control pressure value of the bucket excavation reaches the hydraulically controlled directional control valve 7 When the pressure is applied, the hydraulically controlled reversing valve 7 is reversed to cut off the control circuit of the merged arm, and the boom is independently supplied by the single pump while maintaining the dual pump confluence circuit for the excavation of the arm to realize the rational use of the hydraulic pump power. The working oil of the hydraulic pump is more distributed to the arm cylinder for excavation work.
  • the operator When entering the leveling operation mode, the operator changes the control mode, and sends a solenoid valve group 4 reversing command to the controller through the operation button.
  • the solenoid valve group 4 receives the command and reverses the direction, the pilot control oil circuit changes the distribution of the dual pump confluence.
  • the merging control circuit of the working oil lifting of the boom ie, the piston rod of the boom cylinder
  • the pump is independently supplied by the single pump, and the double pump is still merged when the arm is excavated (ie, the piston rod of the stick cylinder is extended).
  • the working oil path of the stick outer swing ie, the piston rod of the stick cylinder is retracted

Description

一种提高挖掘机挖掘 操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种挖掘机作业装置，具体涉及一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置，属于液压回路装置技术领域。
背景技术
液压挖掘机目前广泛应用于工程施工建设如房屋地基开挖及回填、管道铺设以及农田水利施工等场合，其具备施工机动灵活、执行效率高的优点。液压挖掘机主要由工作装置、回转机构、行走机构、转台及液压控制装置等部分组成，动臂的提升与下降、斗杆的伸缩和铲斗的转动及回转装置的回转都由控制装置经液压回路控制多路阀组对液压泵供给的液压油进行分配而实现。在施工现场进行挖掘作业时，通常是长时间的挖掘作业与土地平整作业相结合。因此，在不影响工作效率的前提下，操纵人员对挖掘机的挖掘操纵性和平整作业特性都有很高的要求。
谓挖掘操纵特性是指对挖掘机在进行挖掘作业时的稳定性、流畅性和机动响应能力的综合判定。其中挖掘动作的流畅性和机动响应能力是操纵人员最为关注的，挖掘机动臂油缸和斗杆油缸运动速度的合理配比，直接决定了挖掘机的挖掘操纵特性，并直接影响挖掘机的使用效率和操作人员的操作感受。油缸运动速度的最佳匹配主要通过挖掘机液压控制系统的先导油控制液压阀的阀芯开闭和开度，打开阀芯对应的阀门，与主泵油路连通，通过连通油路及油路的流量大小实现油缸运动伸缩和速度的控制。
现有挖掘机的挖掘操纵过程中，工作装置有较大的加速度，如果突然由高速停止运动或突然启动，往往会伴随较大的整机抖动和摇晃，影响挖掘机挖掘操纵的舒适性和流畅性，同时增加操作人员的疲劳感，影响作业效率。长时间在此类工况下工作的挖掘机，寿命将有所缩短。另外在液压泵在空载和高负荷之间的频繁切换，也增加了发动机负荷，燃油消耗和使用成本都将有所增加。
挖掘机平整作业特性是仅次于挖掘操纵特性的重要使用特性，主要用于以下几种工况：挖掘用于管道铺设的沟渠、平整地面、修坡等。现有技术中，挖掘机的平整作业特性能与挖掘机的设计参数有直接联系，一旦完成产品设计后，动臂油缸、斗杆油缸和铲斗油缸运动速度就固定下来了。因而在平地时，动臂、斗杆和铲斗的运动速度就是一个固定不变的参数，现有的挖掘机在平地时所具有的问题有：动臂提升过快，斗杆往复运动速度不佳，铲斗速度与动臂斗杆复合运动的不协调、不同步等，从而直接影响了平整作业性能的好坏。
在平整作业时，动臂提升缓慢的主要原因是现有设计中通常为提高铲斗的挖掘速度而采用双泵合流的供油方式，双泵供油会同时向动臂油缸、斗杆油缸和铲斗油缸供油。在挖掘机进行挖掘或者挖沟提升作业时，由于大量工作油通过铲斗油缸的合流而过早流失，工作油供给动臂油缸的量减少，形成运动速度引起不协调。事实上，直接在动臂油缸、斗杆油缸和铲斗油缸的回路中增加相应的流量控制阀也能不同程度的调节执行元件的复合操纵效果，以缓解速度不匹配的问题。但是由于节流孔的尺寸的大小难以合理确定，所以采用该方法获得的效果不具有普遍意义，而且还增加了对管路设计和调整的复杂难度，占用了控制阀的有限控制管路。
技术解决方案
针对 上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置，在兼顾作业效率的情况下提高挖掘操纵和平整作业时的舒适性。
为达到以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置，包括双联液压泵、齿轮泵、液压油箱、右控制手柄阀、左控制手柄阀、多路阀组、斗杆油缸和动臂油缸，双联液压泵与齿轮泵通过机械连接机构串联后与吸油口B1连接，吸油口B1的另一端与液压油箱连接；双联液压泵的P1油路和P2油路与多路阀组的输入口连接；多路阀组的Aa1与斗杆油缸的无杆腔连接，多路阀组的Ba1与斗杆油缸的有杆腔连接；多路阀组Ab1与动臂油缸的无杆腔连接，多路阀组的Bb1与动臂油缸的有杆腔连接；多路阀组的回油口R2与液压油箱连接；齿轮泵的控油输出端A3分别与右控制手柄阀的PR端和左控制手柄阀的PL端并联，右控制手柄阀的TR端和左控制手柄阀的TL端并联后与液压油箱连接；还包括电磁阀组和液控换向阀，右控制手柄阀通BOOM UP端与电磁阀组的控油进入端P1端以及多路阀组的先导控制端XBa1并联；左控制手柄阀通过ARM DUMP端与电磁阀组的控油进入端P2和多路阀组的先导控制端XBa1并联，电磁阀组的控油输出端A1 与液控换向阀的控油输入端a1串联，电磁阀组的控油输出端A2与多路阀组的先导控制端XBa2串联，电磁阀组的回油口T1与液压油箱连接；左控制手柄阀通过ARM CROWD端与多路阀组的先导控制端XAa2端、XAa1端以及液控换向阀的压力检测端a2端并联，液控换向阀的控油输出端b1与多路阀组的先导控制端XAb2端连接，液控换向阀的回油口T2与液压油箱连接。
工作原理：在现有技术的基础上，添加了一组压力可调的液控换向阀，通过改变液控换向阀的换向，实现相应控制相应回路的导通与断开，从而改变现有技术中一成不变的合流供油模式；通过合流模式的改变，实现主泵流量的合理分配，提高了斗杆挖掘时主泵流量的利用效率，借以提高发动机的功率利用率；通过对动臂合流的选择性通断，降低了动臂提升时的液压冲击，从而提高操纵人员操作时的舒适性。通过操纵人员的有意识选择，可以实现挖掘作业模式和平整作业模式的选择，通过对电磁阀组的控制，实现合流控制回路的改变，选择性地加大了斗杆在平整作业时所需要的快速往复运动功能，同时降低了动臂提升回路的液压流量，减小了液压冲击，调高了平整作业时的舒适性，在最低复杂程度下获得最佳的平地效果。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：在挖掘作业和平整作业中，可以使各个动作协调一致，同步到位，在提高挖掘机的使用效率和操纵舒适感的同时降低了生产和维护成本，劳动作业效率也得到明显提高。
附图说明
图1是本发明的液压原理示意图
图2是标准挖掘模式下液控换向阀不换向时的液压油路走向示意图
图3是标准挖掘模式下液控换向阀换向时的液压油路走向示意图
图4是平整作业模式下斗杆挖掘时的液压油路走向示意图
图5是平整作业模式下斗杆外摆时的液压油路走向示意图
图中：1、双联液压泵，2、齿轮泵，3、液压油箱，4、电磁阀组，5、右控制手柄阀，6、左控制手柄阀，7、液控换向阀，8、多路阀组，9、斗杆油缸，10、动臂油缸。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图2、图3、图4和图5所示，本发明包括双联液压泵1、齿轮泵2、液压油箱3、右控制手柄阀5、左控制手柄阀6、多路阀组8、斗杆油缸9和动臂油缸10，双联液压泵1与齿轮泵2通过机械连接机构串联后与吸油口B1连接，吸油口B1的另一端与液压油箱3连接；双联液压泵1的P1油路和P2油路与多路阀组8的输入口连接；多路阀组8的Aa1与斗杆油缸9的无杆腔连接，多路阀组8的Ba1与斗杆油缸9的有杆腔连接；多路阀组8的Ab1与动臂油缸10的无杆腔连接，多路阀组8的Bb1与动臂油缸10的有杆腔连接；多路阀组8的回油口R2与液压油箱3连接；齿轮泵2的控油输出端A3分别与右控制手柄阀5的PR端和左控制手柄阀6的PL端并联，右控制手柄阀5的TR端和左控制手柄阀6的TL端并联后与液压油箱3连接；还包括电磁阀组4和液控换向阀7，右控制手柄阀5通过BOOM UP端与电磁阀组4的控油进入端P1端以及多路阀组8的先导控制端XBa1并联；左控制手柄阀6通过ARM DUMP端与电磁阀组4的控油进入端P2和多路阀组8的先导控制端XBa1并联，电磁阀组4的控油输出端A1与液控换向阀7的控油输入端a1串联，电磁阀组4的控油输出端A2与多路阀组8的先导控制端XBa2串联，电磁阀组4的回油口T1与液压油箱3连接；左控制手柄阀6通过ARM CROWD端与多路阀组8的先导控制端XAa2端、XAa1端以及液控换向阀7的压力检测端a2端并联，液控换向阀7的控油输出端b1与多路阀组8的先导控制端XAb2端连接，液控换向阀7的回油口T2与液压油箱3连接。
电磁阀组4控制电信号端与控制器连接，通过操作人员的指令 实现电磁阀组 4 通路模式和断路模式切换；控制器发出信号使电磁阀组 4 通路，电磁阀组 4 切断动臂提升合流回路，增加斗杆外摆合流回路，实现平整作业模式；控制器发出信号使电磁阀组 4 断路，阀芯恢复中位，恢复动臂提升合流回路，切断斗杆外摆合流回路，实现标准挖掘模式。
在进入标准挖掘模式时， 液控换向阀 7 压力检测端检测斗杆挖掘的控制压力信号， 斗杆挖掘的控制压力值 小于液控换向阀 7 换向压力时， 液控换向阀7不换向，先导控制油路控制动臂油缸10和斗杆油缸9工作油完全由双泵合流后提供，斗杆挖掘的控制压力值达到液控换向阀7换向的压力时，液控换向阀7换向，切断动臂合流的控制回路，动臂由单泵独立供油，同时保持斗杆挖掘的双泵合流回路，以实现液压泵功率的合理利用，使液压泵的工作油更多的分配给斗杆油缸进行挖掘作业。
进入平整作业模式时，操作人员改变控制模式，通过操作按钮向控制器发出电磁阀组4换向指令，电磁阀组4接收到指令后换向，先导控制油路改变双泵合流的分配，将动臂提升（即动臂油缸活塞杆伸出）的工作油的合流控制回路切断，改由单泵独立供给，对斗杆挖掘（即斗杆油缸活塞杆伸出）时仍保持双泵合流，对斗杆外摆（即斗杆油缸活塞杆收回）的工作油路增加双泵合流，提高油缸收回速度，以实现平整作业时斗杆的快速往复摆动。由于动臂提升合流被取消，动臂提升较为平稳，降低动臂的流量冲击，实现平整作业的精细化要求。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种提高挖掘机挖掘操纵特性和平整作业特性的装置，包括双联液压泵（1）、齿轮泵（2）、液压油箱（3）、右控制手柄阀（5）、左控制手柄阀（6）、多路阀组（8）、斗杆油缸（9）和动臂油缸（10），双联液压泵（1）与齿轮泵（2）通过机械连接机构串联后与吸油口B1的一端连接，吸油口B1的另一端与液压油箱（3）连接；双联液压泵（1）的P1油路和P2油路与多路阀组（8）的输入口连接；多路阀组（8）的Aa1与斗杆油缸（9）的无杆腔连接，多路阀组（8）的Ba1与斗杆油缸（9）的有杆腔连接；多路阀组（8）的Ab1与动臂油缸（10）的无杆腔连接，多路阀组（8）的Bb1与动臂油缸（10）的有杆腔连接；多路阀组（8）的回油口R2与液压油箱（3）连接；齿轮泵（2）的控油输出端A3分别与右控制手柄阀（5）的PR端和左控制手柄阀（6）的PL端并联，右控制手柄阀（5）的TR端和左控制手柄阀（6）的TL端并联后与液压油箱（3）连接；其特征在于还包括电磁阀组（4）和液控换向阀（7），右控制手柄阀（5）通过BOOM UP端与电磁阀组（4）的控油进入端P1端以及多路阀组（8）的先导控制端XBa1并联；左控制手柄阀（6）通过ARM DUMP端与电磁阀组（4）的控油进入端P2和多路阀组（8）的先导控制端XBa1并联，电磁阀组（4）的控油输出端A1与液控换向阀（7）的控油输入端a1串联，电磁阀组（4）的控油输出端A2与多路阀组（8）的先导控制端XBa2串联，电磁阀组（4）的回油口T1与液压油箱（3）连接；左控制手柄阀（6）通过ARM CROWD端与多路阀组（8）的先导控制端XAa2端、XAa1端以及液控换向阀（7）的压力检测端a2端并联，液控换向阀（7）的控油输出端b1与多路阀组（8）的先导控制端XAb2端连接，液控换向阀（7）的回油口T2与液压油箱（3）连接。
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