WO2012093471A1 - ビーム加工装置 - Google Patents
ビーム加工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012093471A1 WO2012093471A1 PCT/JP2011/050022 JP2011050022W WO2012093471A1 WO 2012093471 A1 WO2012093471 A1 WO 2012093471A1 JP 2011050022 W JP2011050022 W JP 2011050022W WO 2012093471 A1 WO2012093471 A1 WO 2012093471A1
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- processing
- processing apparatus
- workpiece
- processing surface
- control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/54—Glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a beam processing apparatus for irradiating a processing surface of a workpiece with a beam and processing the processing surface.
- a laser processing apparatus for processing a workpiece using a laser beam there are a laser marker for forming characters on the workpiece, a laser cutting machine for cutting the workpiece into a predetermined shape, a laser welding machine for welding the workpiece, and the like.
- Various laser processing apparatuses such as a laser soldering apparatus that performs soldering and a glass sealing machine that uses a laser beam to bond and seal glass in solar cells and the like have been developed.
- the laser beam is swung in two directions using two galvanometer mirrors, and the laser beam is guided to the processing surface through an F ⁇ lens (hereinafter referred to as “shaking method”). That said.)
- a laser beam reflected on the processing surface is detected, a distance to the processing surface is calculated, and a focus adjusting unit disposed on the upstream side of the galvanometer mirror is controlled to thereby adjust the processing surface. It is possible to focus the laser beam with high accuracy.
- Patent Document 2 In the laser processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, a workpiece is placed on a three-degree-of-freedom stage that can be operated three-dimensionally, and the stage is moved with respect to the laser beam, whereby the laser beam is processed on the processing surface. (Hereinafter referred to as “movement method”). In Patent Document 2, it is possible to perform high-accuracy processing by always irradiating the processing surface with a laser beam perpendicularly by making the stage three-dimensionally operable.
- the laser beam is swung in a fan shape around the reflection surface of the galvanometer mirror. Therefore, when the swing angle increases, the laser beam cannot be irradiated perpendicularly to the processing surface. If the laser beam is not irradiated perpendicularly to the processing surface, the shape of the beam spot on the processing surface is greatly distorted, so that highly accurate processing cannot be performed.
- the F ⁇ lens disposed between the galvano mirror and the processing surface can focus the laser beam and adjust the beam spot shape to some extent, but the adjustable range is the size and performance of the F ⁇ lens. Usually, it is about 100 mm to 300 mm.
- the laser processing apparatus becomes large.
- the processing range of the processing surface is 300 mm
- the angle by which the beam spot is moved by 1 mm on the processing surface is about 0.0127 °, and control for that is extremely difficult.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of processing a workpiece processing surface at high speed and with high accuracy and capable of processing a wide processing surface without increasing the size of the apparatus.
- An object is to provide a processing apparatus.
- the beam processing apparatus irradiates a processing surface of a workpiece with a beam and moves the beam output from the output source in the beam processing apparatus that processes the processing surface. And a plurality of reflections disposed in an optical path of the beam between the beam moving unit and the processing surface to reflect and guide the beam moved by the beam moving unit to the processing surface And the plurality of reflecting mirrors are set at an inclination angle corresponding to the incident direction of the beam so as to guide the beam moved by the beam moving means to a different position on the processing surface substantially perpendicularly. It is characterized by being.
- the plurality of reflecting mirrors are disposed at positions where optical path lengths from the output source to the processing surface via the plurality of reflecting mirrors are substantially equal. .
- the beam processing apparatus includes a processing pattern setting unit that is disposed between the plurality of reflecting mirrors and the processing surface and sets a processing pattern of the beam irradiated onto the processing surface.
- a plurality of distributing mirrors disposed between the beam moving means and the plurality of reflecting mirrors, for reflecting the beam moved by the beam moving means and distributing it to the plurality of reflecting mirrors. It is characterized by providing.
- the beam processing apparatus includes a condensing lens that is disposed between the plurality of reflecting mirrors and the processing surface and condenses the beam on the processing surface.
- a lens moving unit that moves the condenser lens along the processing surface
- a position control unit that controls the lens moving unit to control the position of the condensing point of the beam on the processing surface.
- control beam irradiation means for irradiating the processing surface with a control beam coaxial with the beam
- control beam detection means for detecting the control beam reflected by the processing surface
- control beam detection means Beam control means for controlling the irradiation position of the beam on the processing surface and / or the output of the beam on the basis of the control beam detected by the step.
- the beam processing apparatus includes: a camera that captures an image of the processing surface; and a beam control unit that controls an irradiation position of the beam on the processing surface based on an image captured by the camera. To do.
- the beam output from the output source is moved by the beam moving means, then reflected by a plurality of reflecting mirrors, and guided substantially perpendicularly to the processing surface of the workpiece. It can be processed with high accuracy. Further, the beam can be guided to a wide range of the workpiece without increasing the size of the apparatus. In addition, by applying the beam substantially perpendicular to the work surface of the workpiece, for example, highly accurate processing and image measurement using a mask plate can be performed.
- FIG. 3 is an optical path explanatory diagram of a laser beam in the laser processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a configuration diagram of a beam moving unit that constitutes the laser processing apparatus of Embodiment 1
- FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram of a camera mirror that constitutes the beam moving unit. It is arrangement
- FIG. 5A to 5C are explanatory diagrams of parameters including the arrangement of the plane reflecting mirrors in the laser processing apparatus of the first embodiment.
- 6A is a configuration diagram of the left half of the laser processing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
- FIG. 6B is a side configuration diagram of FIG. 6A
- FIG. 6C is a distribution mirror that configures the laser processing apparatus of the second embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the correspondence of arrangement
- 7A is a configuration diagram of the left half of the laser processing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7B is a side configuration diagram of FIG. 7A
- FIG. 7C is a distribution mirror that constitutes the laser processing apparatus of the third embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the correspondence of arrangement
- 8A and 8B are explanatory views of a modification of the laser processing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a configuration diagram of the left half of the laser processing apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 9B is a side configuration diagram of FIG. 9A
- 10A is a side view showing a state in which an objective lens incorporated in a laser processing apparatus according to the present invention is arranged on the front surface of a workpiece
- FIG. 10B is a plan view of FIG. 10A
- FIG. 10C is a side view of another embodiment.
- 10D is a plan view of FIG. 10C
- FIG. 10E is a side view of still another embodiment
- FIG. 10F is a plan view of FIG. 10E.
- It is a block diagram of the focus position correction mechanism integrated in the laser processing apparatus which concerns on this invention.
- FIG. 12A and 12B are explanatory diagrams of another configuration of the objective lens incorporated in the laser processing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13A is a perspective explanatory view of a mask plate incorporated in the laser processing apparatus according to the present invention, and
- FIG. 13B is a plan view of the mask plate.
- 14A and 14B are explanatory diagrams of an image of solder on the workpiece, and
- FIG. 14C is a flowchart for performing beam control based on the image of solder.
- 15A is an explanatory diagram of a workpiece to be machined
- FIG. 15B is an explanatory diagram of an image of the workpiece of FIG. 15A
- FIG. 15C is an explanatory diagram of another workpiece to be machined
- 15D is a workpiece of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the image of. It is an explanatory view of the relationship between the laser beam output pulse and the workpiece temperature.
- 17A to 17E are flowcharts for overall control of the laser processing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a laser processing apparatus 10 according to a first embodiment to which a beam processing apparatus according to the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an optical path of a laser beam LB in the laser processing apparatus 10.
- FIG. 3A is a configuration diagram of the beam moving unit 12 (beam moving means) constituting the laser processing apparatus 10
- FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram of the camera mirror 26 constituting the beam moving unit 12.
- the laser processing apparatus 10 is an apparatus that processes the workpiece W into a desired state by irradiating the processing surface of the workpiece W with the laser beam LB and moving the processing surface.
- the laser processing apparatus 10 can be applied to various laser processing apparatuses such as a laser marker, a laser cutting machine, a laser welding machine, a laser soldering apparatus, and a glass sealing machine.
- a desired machining pattern can be formed on the workpiece W by controlling the laser beam LB and guiding it to the workpiece W according to the machining mode.
- the laser processing apparatus 10 includes a beam moving unit 12 that generates a laser beam LB that moves on the workpiece W, and a plurality of plane reflections that reflect the laser beam LB generated by the beam moving unit 12 and guide it to the processing surface of the workpiece W. And a mirror 14.
- Each planar reflecting mirror 14 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the arc-shaped support frame 16.
- the workpiece W has a long processing surface in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 1, and the planar reflecting mirrors 14 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction of the arrow X in a state of facing the workpiece W.
- Each planar reflecting mirror 14 is disposed in the optical path of the laser beam LB between the beam moving unit 12 and the processing surface of the workpiece W, reflects the laser beam LB output from the beam moving unit 12, and Each is fixed to the support frame 16 in a state where it is inclined at a predetermined angle in accordance with the incident direction of the laser beam LB so as to be distributed and reflected substantially vertically at different positions on the processing surface. “Distribution” means that the processed surface of the workpiece W is distributed to each plane reflecting mirror 14.
- the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the support frame 16 that fixes the planar reflecting mirror 14 is such that the optical path lengths of the laser beams LB from the beam moving unit 12 through the planar reflecting mirrors 14 to the processed surface of the workpiece W are substantially the same. Configured in shape. Therefore, each planar reflecting mirror 14 is disposed at a position where the optical path lengths from the beam moving unit 12 to the processing surface via the planar reflecting mirror 14 are substantially equal.
- the optical path length is the same
- the optical path lengths are the same. It means that. If the ratio of the error of the beam spot area, which is the allowable range of the beam spot diameter, is constant, the allowable error of the optical path length when the beam spot diameter is small decreases in proportion to the beam spot diameter. However, the optical path length when the objective lens is placed on the workpiece W is within the range of the required beam spot diameter with respect to the objective lens.
- the plane reflecting mirror 14 does not need to be arranged in an arc shape and is placed at a free position. Can do.
- the beam moving unit 12 includes a laser light source 18 (output source) that outputs a laser beam LB, and an LED 20 (control beam irradiation unit) that outputs a control beam CB having a wavelength different from that of the laser beam LB. And a camera 22 (control beam detecting means) that receives the control beam CB reflected by the processing surface of the workpiece W.
- the beam moving unit 12 includes a half mirror 24 that reflects the laser beam LB and transmits the control beam CB, and an opening 26 a through which the control beam CB output from the LED 20 passes, and transmits the half mirror 24.
- the mirror 26 (FIG.
- the camera 22 has a control unit 42 (beam control) that controls the irradiation position of the irradiation point 40 on the workpiece W of the laser beam LB and / or the output control of the laser beam LB according to the beam profile or received light amount of the received control beam CB. Control means) is connected.
- the optical axes of the laser light source 18 and the LED 20 are set coaxially between the half mirror 24 and the workpiece W.
- the opening 26 a formed in the mirror 26 is formed with respect to the optical axis of the control beam CB so that the control beam CB output from the LED 20 becomes a circular irradiation point 40 on the workpiece W.
- the mirror surface coating of the reflection surface of the mirror 26 tilted by about 45 ° is peeled off in an elliptical shape.
- the area of the opening 26a is, for example, 1/25 or less of the light receiving area of the control beam CB received by the camera 22 so that the control beam CB reflected by the workpiece W can be sufficiently guided to the camera 22.
- the optical path length between the camera 22 and the workpiece W is set based on the observation / measurement visual field including the irradiation point 40 of the laser beam LB photographed by the camera 22.
- the laser light source 18 includes a laser oscillator 32, a beam expander 34, a beam stop 36, and a beam focus lens 38 as shown in FIG. Note that the arrangement order of the beam stop 36, the beam focus lens 38, and the half mirror 24 disposed downstream of the beam focus lens 38 is arbitrary.
- the beam focus lens 38 condenses the laser beam LB output from the laser oscillator 32 on the processed surface of the workpiece W to form an irradiation point 40.
- a controller 42 that controls the laser beam LB is connected to the laser oscillator 32 in order to form a desired processing pattern on the processing surface of the workpiece W (FIG. 3A).
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the beam moving unit 12 is arranged at a position that does not block the optical path of the laser beam LB. That is, the beam moving unit 12 is not disposed between the workpiece W and the plane reflecting mirror 14, but is disposed at a position shifted by a predetermined amount on the left side in the arrow Y direction in FIG. 1, and in FIG. . Accordingly, the laser beam LB is reflected by the plane reflecting mirror 14 and then guided to the processing surface of the workpiece W without being blocked by the beam moving unit 12.
- the planar reflecting mirror 14 is disposed so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the arrow Y direction in FIG.
- the optical path length of the laser beam LB from the beam moving unit 12 to the workpiece W via the plane reflecting mirror 14 and the inclination angle of the plane reflecting mirror 14 can be calculated by computer simulation or obtained by geometric calculation.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C show only the left half of the laser processing apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
- the width Mw of the planar reflecting mirrors 14 in the arrangement direction is set so that the beam diameter ⁇ LB is set to the effective width Lw of the planar reflecting mirror 14 as shown in FIG. It is the added value.
- the effective width Lw is determined based on the swing angle Ra of the laser beam LB with respect to the rotation center CXP of the galvano mirror 28X, the distance R from the rotation center CXP to the center of the plane reflection mirror 14, and the processing surface of the workpiece W as a reference. 14 using the angle La (FIG. 5C) of the laser beam LB incident on the center of 14 and the beam diameter ⁇ LB,
- the positions of the respective plane reflecting mirrors 14 are the distances from the rotation center CXP of the galvano mirror 28X to the centers of the two arbitrarily selected plane reflecting mirrors R1, R2, respectively, and the two selected plane reflecting mirrors. Assuming that the distance from the center of 14 to the processed surface of the workpiece W is H1 and H2, respectively,
- the mounting angle Ma of the plane reflecting mirror 14 with respect to the processing surface of the workpiece W is set on condition that the laser beam LB is incident on the processing surface of the workpiece W substantially perpendicularly.
- the control unit 42 drives the LED 20 of the beam moving unit 12 and outputs the control beam CB from the LED 20.
- the control beam CB output from the LED 20 passes through the central opening 26a of the mirror 26, passes through the half mirror 24, and then is rotated in the X direction by the galvano mirrors 28X and 28Y rotated by the galvano motors 30X and 30Y. Moved in the Y direction.
- the moved control beam CB is reflected by the respective plane reflecting mirrors 14 fixed to the support frame 16 and irradiated onto the processing surface of the workpiece W.
- the control beam CB reflected by the processing surface travels back along the same optical path, is reflected by the mirror 26 of the beam moving unit 12, and then received by the camera 22.
- the control unit 42 processes the image of the control beam CB received by the camera 22, and acquires the position information of the irradiation point 40, the received light amount information of the received control beam CB, the type information of the workpiece W, and the like as the irradiation point 40 information. To do.
- control unit 42 drives the laser oscillator 32 of the beam moving unit 12 to output the laser beam LB simultaneously with the output of the control beam CB or after acquiring the above information based on the control beam CB.
- the laser beam LB output from the laser oscillator 32 is reflected by the half mirror 24 and then moved in the X direction and the Y direction by the galvanometer mirrors 28X and 28Y, similarly to the control beam CB.
- the moved laser beam LB is reflected by the respective plane reflecting mirrors 14 fixed to the support frame 16 and irradiated onto the processing surface of the workpiece W.
- control unit 42 adjusts and controls the irradiation position and output of the laser beam LB based on the information of the irradiation point 40 acquired by the camera 22, so that the laser beam LB is accurately applied to the processed surface of the workpiece W. To form a desired processing pattern.
- a liquid crystal mask and a digital mirror device are disposed between the beam stop 36 and the half mirror 24, and the laser beam LB is modulated to generate a desired processing pattern.
- an image or a character can be exposed to the irradiation point 40 or printed.
- a character string, a pattern, a mark, an encryption pattern, etc. can be formed at high-speed and wide range.
- the beam spot diameter at the irradiation point 40 can be arbitrarily adjusted to expose a high-definition microcircuit.
- an image near the irradiation point 40 can be taken by the camera 22 and processing can be performed while changing or adjusting the drawing pattern according to the position of the irradiation point 40 while checking the drawing pattern. Therefore, it is possible to process different circuits and image patterns in which continuous irradiation points 40 are combined.
- FIG. 6A and 6B are configuration diagrams of the laser processing apparatus 50 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6C shows the correspondence between the arrangement of the five distribution mirrors 52a to 52e constituting the laser processing apparatus 50 and the processing areas A1 to A5 of the workpiece W.
- 6A and 6B show only the left half of the laser processing apparatus 50 as in FIG. 5A.
- the laser processing apparatus 50 includes five distribution mirrors 52a to 52e and five planar reflecting mirrors 14 corresponding thereto.
- the distribution mirrors 52a to 52e are disposed between the beam moving unit 12 and the plurality of planar reflecting mirrors 14.
- the inclination of the distribution mirrors 52a to 52e is set to the same inclination as that of the corresponding planar reflecting mirror 14.
- the laser beam LB output from the beam moving unit 12 enters the distribution mirrors 52a to 52c via the F ⁇ lens 54, and is then reflected toward the corresponding planar reflecting mirrors 14a to 14c.
- the laser beam LB incident on the distributing mirrors 52d and 52e is also reflected toward the corresponding planar reflecting mirror 14 disposed on the right side of FIG. 6A.
- the laser beam LB reflected by each plane reflecting mirror 14 is guided to the corresponding processing areas A1 to A5 of the workpiece W as shown in FIG. 6C.
- the difference from the laser processing apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 is that the optical path length of the laser beam LB is calculated from the position of the F ⁇ lens 54.
- the diameter of the irradiation point 40 on the processed surface of the workpiece W is the same even when the optical path length is extended according to the swing angle of the laser beam LB. Calculate the length.
- the apparatus can be configured with a minimum optical path length. It is possible to further increase the number of distribution mirrors 52a to 52e. However, when the diameter of the laser beam LB is large, the ineffective area between the distribution mirrors 52a to 52e increases, which is inefficient. ⁇ Embodiment 3>
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are configuration diagrams of the laser processing apparatus 60 of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7C shows the correspondence between the arrangement of the four distribution mirrors 62a to 62d constituting the laser processing apparatus 60 and the processing areas B1 to B4 of the workpiece W.
- 7A and 7B show only the left half of the laser processing apparatus 60 as in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the laser processing device 60 removes the F ⁇ lens 54 from the laser processing device 50, and four right and left distribution mirrors 62a to 62d having long reflecting surfaces are placed in the optical path between the beam moving unit 12 and the planar reflecting mirror 14. It is arranged. In this case, each of the distributing mirrors 62a to 62d can simultaneously guide the laser beam LB to the two planar reflecting mirrors 14, respectively.
- CXP is the rotation center of the galvano mirror 28X constituting the beam moving unit 12
- CYP is the rotation center of the galvano mirror 28Y.
- the work W can be processed more efficiently because the number of divisions of the laser beam LB is smaller than that of the laser processing apparatus 50.
- the optical path length of the laser beam LB is the same for a workpiece W1 having a curved surface such as a glass bottle, a bottle, and a steel pipe, and the laser beam LB is substantially perpendicular to the processing surface of the workpiece W1.
- positioned so that may be irradiated is shown.
- FIG. 8B shows the laser processing apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 in which a small reflecting mirror 70 is inserted at a predetermined position between the workpiece W2 and the planar reflecting mirror 14 and at the same optical path length as the planar reflecting mirror 14.
- the solder 72 is applied onto the work W2 such as a circuit board, and the work W2 on which the chip 74 such as a circuit element is mounted thereon is irradiated with the laser beam LB through the small reflecting mirror 70.
- the solder 72 in the shadow of the chip 74 can be melted.
- 9A and 9B are configuration diagrams of the laser processing apparatus 90 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the laser processing apparatus 90 is configured to reflect the laser beam LB composed of parallel light beams by the respective plane reflecting mirrors 14 arranged along the workpiece W and guide the laser beam LB to the processing surface of the workpiece W.
- the laser beam LB guided to the planar reflecting mirror 14 is a parallel light beam, an irradiation point formed on the processed surface of the workpiece W regardless of the optical path length of the laser beam LB incident on each planar reflecting mirror 14.
- the diameter of 40 can be made constant. Accordingly, the plane reflecting mirror 14 can be arranged at any position. If the workpiece W is irradiated with the laser beam LB as a parallel light beam, there is a possibility that energy necessary for processing cannot be applied to the processing surface.
- the objective lens 76 may be disposed on the front surface of the workpiece W so as to collect the laser beam LB.
- an objective lens can be inserted as needed between the processing surface of the workpiece W (W1, W2) and the processed surface of the workpiece W and the planar reflecting mirror 14. This aspect will be described with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10F.
- FIG. 10A is a side view of the state in which the objective lens 76 is disposed on the front surface of the workpiece W
- FIG. 10B is a plan view thereof.
- the hemispherical objective lens 76 is fixed to a protective glass 78 disposed along the workpiece W so as to contact the plane side.
- the protective glass 78 is disposed so that the normal line is inclined by 2 ° or more with respect to the laser beam LB so that the incident laser beam LB does not return to the beam moving unit 12 side.
- you may give a non-reflective coating to the surface of the objective lens 76 and the protective glass 78, without making the protective glass 78 incline.
- FIG. 10C is a side view showing a state in which a plurality of objective lenses 80 are arranged on the front surface of the workpiece W
- FIG. 10D is a plan view thereof.
- the laser beam LB can be condensed at a plurality of different positions by a plurality of objective lenses 80 to form a plurality of irradiation points 40 on the processed surface of the workpiece W.
- a desired processing pattern can be formed on the processing surface by selecting a combination of the arrangement and shape of the plurality of objective lenses 80.
- FIG. 10E is a side view showing a state in which the prism type objective lens 82 is disposed on the front surface of the workpiece W
- FIG. 10F is a plan view thereof.
- the laser beam LB can be condensed at two different positions by the objective lens 82, and two irradiation points 40 can be formed on the processed surface of the workpiece W.
- the position of the irradiation point 40 can be finely adjusted according to the magnification of the irradiation point 40 on the processed surface of the workpiece W.
- the magnification of the objective lens 76 is 10 times
- the incident position of the laser beam LB on the objective lens 76 is controlled in units of 100 ⁇ m
- the movement of the irradiation point 40 on the workpiece W is in units of 10 ⁇ m.
- the laser beam LB can be irradiated onto the processing surface without any gap without being affected by the gap of the plane reflecting mirror 14.
- the laser beam LB is moved within the range of the objective lens 76, 80 or 82 in accordance with the incident position of the laser beam LB, and the laser beam LB. In some cases, the objective lens 76, 80 or 82 is moved.
- the objective lens 76 when the objective lens 76 is moved with respect to the laser beam LB, the objective lens 76 can be moved using the galvano motor 30X or 30Y of the beam moving unit 12. As shown in FIG. 5, the movement amount of the irradiation point 40 is proportional to the angle La of the laser beam LB incident on the planar reflecting mirror 14, and thus the objective lens 76 is moved in accordance with the movement direction of the irradiation point 40. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10A, if the focal point of the objective lens 76 and the position of the irradiation point 40 are deviated, the position of the laser beam LB is deviated from the coordinated teaching, so that a correction process of the focal position is necessary. . ⁇ Focus position correction mechanism>
- the focus position correcting mechanism 92 for correcting the focus position will be described according to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the focal position correcting mechanism 92 is movable in the arrow X direction along two guide rails 94a and 94b extending in the arrow X direction along both sides of the protective glass 78, and along these guide rails 94a and 94b.
- a moving body 96 On the guide rail 94b side, a ball screw 98 is disposed in parallel with the guide rail 94b, and the end of the moving body 96 is screwed into the ball screw 98.
- the moving body 96 has a guide rail 98 extending in the arrow Y direction, and the objective lens 76 is disposed along the guide rail 99 so as to be movable in the arrow Y direction.
- the galvano motor 30X constituting the beam moving unit 12 is connected to the ball screw 98 via the gear train 100. Accordingly, the moving body 96 is movable in the direction of the arrow X so that the focal position of the laser beam LB and the center of the field of view of the camera 22 correspond to each other based on the rotation of the galvanometer mirror 28X by the galvanometer motor 30X. .
- the objective lens 76 is connected to a galvano motor 30Y constituting the beam moving unit 12 through a gear train 104 to which one end of the wire 102 is connected and the other end of the wire 102 is connected.
- the objective lens 76 is movable in the arrow Y direction so that the focal position of the laser beam LB and the center of the field of view of the camera 22 correspond to each other based on the rotation of the galvano mirror 28Y by the galvano motor 30Y.
- the galvano motors 30X and 30Y are lens moving means for moving the objective lens 76 along the processing surface, and are controlled by the control unit 42, which is a position control means, so that the condensing point of the laser beam LB on the processing surface is adjusted. Position control is performed.
- the movement of the objective lens 76 may be performed using a driving means different from the galvano motors 30X and 30Y.
- the objective lens 76 is moved along the workpiece W in the irradiation region SW of the laser beam LB, thereby bringing the focal position of the objective lens 76 into the processing surface.
- the coordinates of the irradiated laser beam LB can be corrected.
- the focal position and the irradiation point 40 do not need to match exactly.
- the positional accuracy of the objective lens 76 may be in units of 1 mm. Therefore, the gear trains 100 and 104, the wire 102, and the like that drive the objective lens 76 may include some errors.
- the individual objective lens 106 can be moved only within the size range XW, YW. 11 can achieve the same effect as the focal position correcting mechanism 92 shown in FIG.
- circular objective lenses 108 are arranged in the direction of the arrow X at a predetermined interval, and the movement range XW of the adjacent objective lens 108 in the arrow X direction and the movement range YW of the irradiation range SW in the arrow Y direction.
- the objective lens 76 uses galvano motors 30X and 30Y because the laser beam LB irradiated onto the workpiece W is not a focused beam but a parallel beam. Instead of moving it with another independent motor.
- a correlation table is created between the position of the irradiation point 40 corresponding to each planar reflecting mirror 14, the rotation angle of the galvano mirrors 28X and 28Y, and the optical path length, and the coordinates of the irradiation point 40 are determined using this correlation table.
- the position control of the objective lens 76, the enlargement / reduction of the irradiation point 40, and the focus position correction are performed.
- the correlation table Since the correlation table has mounting errors in the plane reflecting mirror 14, the camera 22, and the beam moving unit 12, a length measuring device is introduced into the beam moving unit 12, and images taken at every necessary irradiation point 40 positions are displayed. Based on this, the rotation angle and optical path length of the galvanometer mirrors 28X and 28Y are recorded and created.
- This correlation table can also be applied to the focal position correction mechanism in the other laser processing apparatuses 10, 50, 60. ⁇ Configuration of mask plate>
- a mask plate (on the front surface of the work W (W1, W2)) between which the work surface of the work W and the planar reflecting mirror 14 are formed is formed as necessary. Machining pattern setting means) can be inserted. This aspect will be described with reference to a perspective explanatory view of FIG. 13A and a plan view of FIG. 13B.
- the mask plate can be used together with the objective lenses 76, 106, and 108 described above (FIG. 2).
- the mask plate 110 has a mask pattern 112 having partially different transmittances of the laser beam LB.
- the mask pattern 112 can have various shapes such as a donut shape, a rectangular shape, and a cross shape corresponding to the processing pattern of the laser beam LB formed on the processing surface of the workpiece W. Further, the mask pattern 112 can be formed so that the transmittance is close to 0% or the transmittance is continuously changed.
- the laser beam LB that has passed through the mask pattern 112 applies heat to the processed surface of the workpiece W to process the processed surface into a predetermined state.
- a stainless steel plate on which the mask pattern 112 is formed can be used as a material of the mask plate 110.
- a glass plate that can transmit the laser beam LB and the control beam CB is used, and a part of the surface thereof is mask pattern.
- the laser beam LB can be scattered by processing into a polished glass shape according to 112 so that the workpiece W is not focused.
- a film that transmits the control beam CB but does not transmit the laser beam LB may be coated on the surface of the glass plate.
- the mask pattern 112 is formed of cream solder as the mask plate 110 and placed so as to contact the workpiece W, the cream solder is melted by the thermal energy of the laser beam LB irradiated to the mask plate 110, and the workpiece Solder having a shape corresponding to the mask pattern 112 can be transferred to W.
- a desired mask pattern can be formed by arranging the objective lenses 80 or 82 fixed to the protective glass 78.
- 14A and 14B are images 114 and 116 obtained by irradiating the work W having a hemispherical solder on the processing surface with the control beam CB and photographing the reflected light with the camera 22, respectively.
- the upper images 114 and 116 are images before irradiation with the laser beam LB, and the lower images 114 and 116 are images after irradiation of the workpiece W with the laser beam LB for a predetermined time.
- FIG. 14C is a flowchart of the beam control of the laser beam LB by the control unit 42 shown in FIG.
- the control unit 42 captures an image of the control beam CB output from the LED 20 and applied to the workpiece W via the camera 22 (step S1).
- the control unit 42 processes the captured image, adjusts the output of the laser beam LB output from the laser oscillator 32 in accordance with the position and shape of the bright spot 118, and irradiates the workpiece W (step S2).
- the control unit 42 determines the solder deformation and melting state from the position and shape of the bright spot 118 (step S3), repeats the process of taking in the image again and adjusting the laser beam LB. By performing beam control in this way, the solder can be brought into a desired molten state.
- FIG. 15A shows a workpiece in which a rectangular lead 122 is placed on a rectangular copper foil 120 as a processing target.
- FIG. 5B is an image 124 of the workpiece before the upper stage is irradiated with the laser beam LB, and the lower stage is irradiated with the laser beam LB for a predetermined time, whereby the solder applied or placed on the lead 122 or the lead 122 is shown. Is an image 126 after melting.
- the laser beam LB is applied to the workpiece as a rectangular processing pattern corresponding to the shape of the lead 122.
- FIG. 15C shows a workpiece in which a columnar lead 130 is placed on a ring-shaped copper foil 128 as a processing target.
- FIG. 5D shows an image 132 of the workpiece before the upper stage is irradiated with the laser beam LB, and the lower stage is irradiated with the laser beam LB for a predetermined time, so that the solder applied or placed on the lead 130 or the lead 130 is shown. Is an image 134 after melting. In this case, the workpiece is irradiated with the laser beam LB in a circular processing pattern corresponding to the shape of the copper foil 128.
- FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the output pulse of the laser beam LB applied to the workpieces of FIGS. 15A to 15D and the temperatures of the copper foils 120 and 128, the leads 122 and 130, and the solder.
- Ideal soldering is ideally at the same temperature as the object.
- the copper foils 120 and 128, the leads 122 and 130, and the reflectance of the solder are different, so the heat absorption rate of the heat rays is also greatly different.
- the leads 122 and 130 and the solder absorb 808 nm heat rays, and the copper foils 120 and 128 reflect the heat rays.
- the output pulse of the laser beam LB is set in consideration of the heat absorption rates of the copper foils 120 and 128 and the leads 122 and 130.
- an infrared camera in the beam moving unit 12, measure the temperature of the object, and adjust the output pulse of the laser beam LB.
- control unit 42 extracts a control command from the machining program (step S11, FIG. 17A), and when the control command is an inspection command (step S12, YES), performs an inspection process for the laser beam LB. Execute (Step S13).
- a focus position correction process is performed (step S13A, FIG. 17B).
- the control unit 42 drives the galvano motors 30X and 30Y of the beam moving unit 12 (step SA1, FIG. 17C), and moves the objective lens 76 in the arrow X direction and the Y direction via the gear trains 100 and 104 ( FIG. 11).
- the control unit 42 guides the control beam CB output from the LED 20 to the work W, captures the processing surface including the control beam CB reflected by the work W with the camera 22, and captures an image of the processing surface (step SA2).
- the control unit 42 processes the captured image, recognizes the shape of the object on the processed surface of the workpiece W, and positions the objective lens 76 with respect to the workpiece W according to the recognized shape.
- the control unit 42 applies the captured image in this field of view. Based on this, the focal position of the objective lens 76 can be roughly corrected to the processing position which is the irradiation position of the laser beam LB. (Step SA3). Even when the position of the objective lens 76 is corrected, the focal position of the objective lens 76 is deviated from the desired position of the irradiation point 40 obtained by teaching, and it is determined that the focal position needs to be corrected (step SA4). , YES), the control unit 42 repeats the processing from step SA1.
- step SA4 when it is not necessary to correct the focal position (step SA4, NO) and the shape is recognized (step SA5, NO), the positioning process is terminated. If the shape is not recognized (step SA5, YES), error processing is performed and the process ends (step SA6).
- control unit 42 When the focal position correction processing is completed, the control unit 42 performs various other inspections (step S13B, FIG. 17B), and records or registers inspection data (step S13C).
- control unit 42 performs a machining process on the workpiece W using the laser beam LB (step S15).
- control unit 42 corrects the laser beam LB after correcting the wavelength of the laser beam LB and the focal position of the laser beam LB accompanying the positional deviation of the focal point of the measurement system including the camera 22 (step S15A, FIG. 17D).
- the workpiece W is processed under control (step S15B).
- the control unit 42 captures an image of the control beam CB photographed by the camera 22 (step SB1, FIG. 17E), and processes the captured image, so that an image before and after irradiation with the laser beam LB are processed.
- the difference between the images or the images before and after the predetermined time interval during irradiation is obtained (step SB2). Based on the obtained difference, the control unit 42 adjusts the output of the laser beam LB or adjusts the irradiation time by turning the laser beam LB ON / OFF to process the workpiece W (step SB3).
- step SB4 Even if the output or irradiation time of the laser beam LB is adjusted, if the difference does not change sufficiently (step SB4, NO), the processing from step SB1 is repeated to adjust the output or irradiation time of the laser beam LB. On the other hand, if the output of the laser beam LB has changed sufficiently (step SB4, YES), the beam control process is terminated.
- step S16 when there is the next process (step S16), the control unit 42 repeats the process from step S11. If there is no next process (step S16, NO), an end process is performed (step S17), and all processes are ended.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the laser processing apparatuses 10, 50, 60, and 90 are described as reflecting the laser beam LB onto the workpiece W from the vertically upward direction, but are not limited to this direction.
- any beam including an electron beam and an electromagnetic wave can be used in addition to the laser beam LB.
- control beam detection means for detecting the control beam CB reflected by the workpiece W a photoelectric converter such as a CCD camera or a photomultiplier, a photodetector, a detector, or the like can be used. Note that illumination light other than the control beam CB may be irradiated as long as an image can be acquired by illuminating the processed surface of the workpiece W.
- the laser beam LB output from the laser oscillator 32 is obtained. And a desired machining pattern can be formed on the machining surface of the workpiece W.
- light modulation means such as a liquid crystal mask or a digital mirror device (DLP)
- FIG. 5A the case where six left and right, a total of twelve plane reflecting mirrors 14 are used has been described, but this is because the optical path length is 300 mm to 400 mm and the beam diameter of the laser beam LB is the plane reflecting mirror 14.
- the upper limit is 10 mm or more, and is an optimum value with the optical path length error within 1 mm. Therefore, if the conditions are different, the number of planar reflecting mirrors 14 can be various.
- a beam moving means for moving the laser beam LB for example, a polygon mirror can be employed instead of the galvanometer mirrors 28X and 2Y.
- the beam moving means is not limited to the case of moving the laser beam LB in the two-dimensional direction, and may be one that moves only in the one-dimensional direction.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention can provide a high-efficiency cream solder system on the mounting line, instead of manual soldering or processing of a large number of LED electrodes with many protruding pins by a solder robot.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention can perform processing in a wide range without performing processing in individual narrow ranges as in the prior art, for example, drilling and welding of solar power substrates, sheets having a width of 300 mm or more, and panels Suitable for sealing, inspection, etc.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention is suitable for inspection or processing of a container or film on which a large area liquid is placed, a culture plate, or an immersion liquid by reducing or eliminating stage movement. It is suitable for high-speed processing of a large number of human bodies, animals, and plants that are difficult to fix and move to any position.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention can perform a large number of drilling, welding, cutting, and soldering at a high speed without cutting a circuit sheet of a flexible sheet as a roll sheet.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention is suitable for measuring or processing an object that is installed on or in a gas or liquid flow and passes through the gas or liquid. For example, it is possible to measure drifting objects in rivers and fish.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention can perform beam exposure on a large area as needed using a mask plate, a desired pattern or pattern can be applied to a liquid crystal panel, a solar cell panel, a sheet, a panel, a clothes fabric, a food, a packaging container, or the like. Letters can be formed.
- Protective glass 92 Focus position correcting mechanisms 94a, 94b 99 ... guide rail 96 ... moving body 98 ... ball screw 100, 104 ... gear train 102 ... wire 110 ... mask plate 112 ... mask pattern 118 ... bright spot 120, 128 ... copper foil 122, 130 ... lead CB ... control beam LB ... Laser beam W ... Workpiece
Abstract
Description
<実施形態1>
<装置構成>
…(1)
として設定される。
として設定される。なお、各平面反射鏡14によって反射されたレーザビームLBが移動するワークWの加工面上の矢印X方向(図1)の幅bpは、略同じであるものとする。
として設定される。
<実施形態1の動作説明>
<実施形態2>
<実施形態3>
<変形例>
<実施形態4>
<対物レンズの構成>
<焦点位置修正機構>
<マスク板の構成>
<加工例>
<全体制御フロー>
(ステップSA3)。対物レンズ76の位置を修正してもなお、対物レンズ76の焦点位置がティーチングによって得られた照射点40の所望の位置からずれており、焦点位置の修正が必要と判断された場合(ステップSA4、YES)、制御部42は、ステップSA1からの処理を繰り返す。一方、焦点位置を修正する必要がなく(ステップSA4、NO)、形状認識ができている場合には(ステップSA5、NO)、位置決め処理を終了する。また、形状認識ができていない場合には(ステップSA5、YES)、エラー処理を行って終了する(ステップSA6)。
12…ビーム移動ユニット
14…平面反射鏡
16…支持枠
18…レーザ光源
20…LED
22…カメラ
24…ハーフミラー
26…カメラ用ミラー
26a…開口部
28X、28Y…ガルバノミラー
30X、30Y…ガルバノモータ
32…レーザ発振器
34…ビームエキスパンダ
36…ビーム絞り
38…ビーム焦点レンズ
40…照射点
42…制御部
52a~52e、62a~62d…分配鏡
54…Fθレンズ
70…小反射鏡
72…半田
74…チップ
76、80、82…対物レンズ
78…防護ガラス
92…焦点位置修正機構
94a、94b、99…ガイドレール
96…移動体
98…ボールねじ
100、104…ギアトレイン
102…ワイヤ
110…マスク板
112…マスクパターン
118…輝点
120、128…銅箔
122、130…リード
CB…制御ビーム
LB…レーザビーム
W…ワーク
Claims (8)
- ビームをワークの加工面に照射し、当該加工面を加工するビーム加工装置において、
前記ビームを出力する出力源と、
前記出力源から出力された前記ビームを移動させるビーム移動手段と、
前記ビーム移動手段と前記加工面との間の前記ビームの光路中に配設され、前記ビーム移動手段により移動される前記ビームを反射し、前記加工面に導く複数の反射鏡と、
を備え、
前記複数の反射鏡は、前記ビーム移動手段によって移動された前記ビームを前記加工面の異なる位置に略垂直に導くように、前記ビームの入射方向に応じた傾斜角度に設定されることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記複数の反射鏡は、前記出力源から前記複数の反射鏡を介して前記加工面に至るまでの各光路長が略等しくなる位置に配設されることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1又は2項に記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記複数の反射鏡と前記加工面との間に配設され、前記加工面に照射される前記ビームの加工パターンを設定する加工パターン設定手段を備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記ビーム移動手段と前記複数の反射鏡との間に配設され、前記ビーム移動手段により移動された前記ビームを反射して前記複数の反射鏡に分配する複数の分配鏡を備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記複数の反射鏡と前記加工面との間に配設され、前記ビームを前記加工面に集光させる集光レンズを備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項5記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記集光レンズを前記加工面に沿って移動させるレンズ移動手段と、
前記レンズ移動手段を制御し、前記加工面における前記ビームの集光点の位置制御を行う位置制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記ビームと同軸の制御ビームを前記加工面に照射する制御ビーム照射手段と、
前記加工面によって反射された前記制御ビームを検出する制御ビーム検出手段と、
前記制御ビーム検出手段により検出された前記制御ビームに基づき、前記加工面における前記ビームの照射位置及び/又は前記ビームの出力を制御するビーム制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のビーム加工装置において、
前記加工面の画像を撮影するカメラと、
前記カメラにより撮影された画像に基づき、前記加工面における前記ビームの照射位置を制御するビーム制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするビーム加工装置。
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US13/977,969 US10081075B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Beam processor |
CN201180064201.2A CN103282155B (zh) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | 光加工装置 |
AU2011353979A AU2011353979B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Beam processing device |
EP11854701.7A EP2662177A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Beam processing device |
PCT/JP2011/050022 WO2012093471A1 (ja) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | ビーム加工装置 |
RU2013136304/02A RU2587367C2 (ru) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Устройство для лучевой обработки |
JP2012551767A JP5727518B2 (ja) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | ビーム加工装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2012093471A1 (ja) | 2014-06-09 |
AU2011353979A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
EP2662177A1 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
CN103282155B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
RU2587367C2 (ru) | 2016-06-20 |
US20130270240A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
CN103282155A (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
RU2013136304A (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
JP5727518B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
AU2011353979B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
KR20130130769A (ko) | 2013-12-02 |
US10081075B2 (en) | 2018-09-25 |
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