WO2012091029A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012091029A1
WO2012091029A1 PCT/JP2011/080256 JP2011080256W WO2012091029A1 WO 2012091029 A1 WO2012091029 A1 WO 2012091029A1 JP 2011080256 W JP2011080256 W JP 2011080256W WO 2012091029 A1 WO2012091029 A1 WO 2012091029A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxidant
heat
hydrogen
fuel cell
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/080256
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊幸 海野
Original Assignee
Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 filed Critical Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社
Priority to JP2012550990A priority Critical patent/JPWO2012091029A1/ja
Publication of WO2012091029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012091029A1/fr

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037Electrical heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generation unit that generates a hydrogen-containing gas using a hydrogen-containing fuel, a cell stack that generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas, and an auxiliary device for supplying hydrogen-containing fuel, an oxidant, and the like. And sensors. Further, the fuel cell system includes a power conditioner that adjusts electricity generated by the cell stack, a system controller that controls the system, and the like. Electronic components such as power conditioners and system controllers generate heat because they perform electrical processing. Therefore, the fuel cell system includes a fan for cooling the electronic component by taking in outside air and sending air to the electronic component.
  • the fan used in the fuel cell system described above is provided only for cooling electronic components, and does not directly contribute to power generation in the cell stack. Moreover, the cost as a component is high, which affects the cost increase of the system. Therefore, it has been required to omit the cooling fan.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that does not require a cooling fan, reduces the number of components, and can reduce the cost. .
  • a fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generation unit that generates a hydrogen-containing gas using a hydrogen-containing fuel, a cell stack that generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas, and an oxidant that is supplied to the cell stack.
  • This fuel cell system includes a heat exchanging unit that removes (that is, cools) heat of the heat generating unit with an oxidant supplied to the cell stack.
  • the oxidant supply unit is an essential component in the power generation of the cell stack. That is, the heat exchanging unit can omit the cooling fan by cooling the heat generating unit using the oxidant supply unit which is an essential component in the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system eliminates the need for a cooling fan, reduces the number of parts, and reduces the cost.
  • the heat exchanging unit includes a box having an oxidant flow path therein, and fins extending along the flow path in the flow path, and the heat generating part is formed of the box. It may be provided outside. Since the heat generating part is provided outside the box of the heat exchange part, the heat from the heat generating part is transmitted to the box. Since the oxidant flows through the flow path inside the box of the heat exchange part, heat can be released to the oxidant. Since fins are provided in the flow path, heat is efficiently released to the oxidant. Further, since the fin extends along the flow path, the flow of the oxidizing agent is not hindered.
  • a cooling fan is not required, the number of parts can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram illustrating a configuration related to a heat exchange unit in the system.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the heat exchange unit.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanging portion as seen from the bottom side.
  • Fig.5 (a) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a heat exchange part
  • FIG.5 (b) is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a heat exchange part.
  • the fuel cell system 1 includes a desulfurization unit 2, a water vaporization unit 3, a hydrogen generation unit 4, a cell stack 5, an off-gas combustion unit 6, a hydrogen-containing fuel supply unit 7, The water supply part 8, the oxidizing agent supply part 9, the power conditioner 10, and the control part 11 are provided.
  • the fuel cell system 1 generates power in the cell stack 5 using a hydrogen-containing fuel and an oxidant.
  • the type of the cell stack 5 in the fuel cell system 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and phosphoric acid.
  • a fuel cell (PAFC: Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell), and other types can be employed. 1 may be appropriately omitted depending on the type of cell stack 5, the type of hydrogen-containing fuel, the reforming method, and the like.
  • hydrocarbon fuel a compound containing carbon and hydrogen in the molecule (may contain other elements such as oxygen) or a mixture thereof is used.
  • hydrocarbon fuels include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, and biofuels. These hydrocarbon fuels are derived from conventional fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, and synthetic systems such as synthesis gas. Those derived from fuel and those derived from biomass can be used as appropriate. Specific examples of hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, butane, natural gas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), city gas, town gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and light oil. Examples of alcohols include methanol and ethanol. Examples of ethers include dimethyl ether. Examples of biofuels include biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel, and biojet.
  • oxygen-enriched air for example, air, pure oxygen gas (which may contain impurities that are difficult to remove by a normal removal method), or oxygen-enriched air is used.
  • the desulfurization unit 2 desulfurizes the hydrogen-containing fuel supplied to the hydrogen generation unit 4.
  • the desulfurization part 2 has a desulfurization catalyst for removing sulfur compounds contained in the hydrogen-containing fuel.
  • a desulfurization method of the desulfurization unit 2 for example, an adsorptive desulfurization method that adsorbs and removes sulfur compounds and a hydrodesulfurization method that removes sulfur compounds by reacting with hydrogen are employed.
  • the desulfurization unit 2 supplies the desulfurized hydrogen-containing fuel to the hydrogen generation unit 4.
  • the water vaporization unit 3 generates water vapor supplied to the hydrogen generation unit 4 by heating and vaporizing water.
  • heat generated in the fuel cell system 1 such as recovering the heat of the hydrogen generation unit 4, the heat of the off-gas combustion unit 6, or the heat of the exhaust gas may be used.
  • FIG. 1 only heat supplied from the off-gas combustion unit 6 to the hydrogen generation unit 4 is described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the water vaporization unit 3 supplies the generated water vapor to the hydrogen generation unit 4.
  • the hydrogen generation unit 4 generates a hydrogen rich gas using the hydrogen-containing fuel from the desulfurization unit 2.
  • the hydrogen generator 4 has a reformer that reforms the hydrogen-containing fuel with a reforming catalyst.
  • the reforming method in the hydrogen generating unit 4 is not particularly limited, and for example, steam reforming, partial oxidation reforming, autothermal reforming, and other reforming methods can be employed.
  • the hydrogen generator 4 may have a configuration for adjusting the properties in addition to the reformer reformed by the reforming catalyst depending on the properties of the hydrogen rich gas required for the cell stack 5.
  • the hydrogen generation unit 4 is configured to remove carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas. (For example, a shift reaction part and a selective oxidation reaction part).
  • the hydrogen generation unit 4 supplies a hydrogen rich gas to the anode 12 of the cell stack 5.
  • the cell stack 5 generates power using the hydrogen rich gas from the hydrogen generation unit 4 and the oxidant from the oxidant supply unit 9.
  • the cell stack 5 includes an anode 12 to which a hydrogen-rich gas is supplied, a cathode 13 to which an oxidant is supplied, and an electrolyte 14 disposed between the anode 12 and the cathode 13.
  • the cell stack 5 supplies power to the outside via the power conditioner 10.
  • the cell stack 5 supplies the hydrogen rich gas and the oxidant, which have not been used for power generation, to the off gas combustion unit 6 as off gas.
  • a combustion section for example, a combustor that heats the reformer
  • the hydrogen generation section 4 may be shared with the off-gas combustion section 6.
  • the off gas combustion unit 6 burns off gas supplied from the cell stack 5.
  • the heat generated by the off-gas combustion unit 6 is supplied to the hydrogen generation unit 4 and used for generation of a hydrogen rich gas in the hydrogen generation unit 4.
  • the hydrogen-containing fuel supply unit 7 supplies hydrogen-containing fuel to the desulfurization unit 2.
  • the water supply unit 8 supplies water to the water vaporization unit 3.
  • the oxidant supply unit 9 supplies an oxidant to the cathode 13 of the cell stack 5.
  • the hydrogen-containing fuel supply unit 7, the water supply unit 8, and the oxidant supply unit 9 are configured by a pump, for example, and are driven based on a control signal from the control unit 11.
  • the power conditioner 10 adjusts the power from the cell stack 5 according to the external power usage state. For example, the power conditioner 10 performs a process of converting a voltage and a process of converting DC power into AC power.
  • the control unit 11 performs control processing for the entire fuel cell system 1.
  • the control unit 11 is configured by a device including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an input / output interface, for example.
  • the control unit 11 is electrically connected to a hydrogen-containing fuel supply unit 7, a water supply unit 8, an oxidant supply unit 9, a power conditioner 10, and other sensors and auxiliary equipment not shown.
  • the control unit 11 acquires various signals generated in the fuel cell system 1 and outputs a control signal to each device in the fuel cell system 1.
  • the fuel cell system 1 can cool electronic components and the like in the system using an oxidant supplied to the cathode 13 of the cell stack 5.
  • the fuel cell system 1 includes a heat generating unit 20 that generates heat by performing an electrical process, and a heat exchange unit 21 that removes heat from the heat generating unit 20.
  • Each component of the fuel cell system 1 is housed in a sealed state in a housing 100 as shown in FIG. Since the fuel cell system 1 does not include a fan that forms an air flow by forming an opening in the housing 100 to cool electronic components and the like, the housing 100 can be sealed. . Note that the housing 100 is not necessarily sealed.
  • the heat generating unit 20 is configured by electronic components that generate heat when energized in the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control unit 11 and the power conditioner 10 are included in the heat generating unit 20.
  • the heat generating unit 20 is configured by a control board on which electronic components such as the control unit 11 and the power conditioner 10 are mounted.
  • the heat exchanging part 21 is arranged on the upstream side of the cell stack 5 with respect to the oxidant.
  • the heat exchanging part 21 cools the heat generating part 20 by recovering the heat from the heat generating part 20 and releasing the recovered heat to the oxidant.
  • the oxidant supply unit 9 includes a cathode blower 9a, and a supply line 9b that connects the supply source of the oxidant and the cathode blower 9a.
  • the heat exchanging unit 21 is disposed between the cathode blower 9 a constituting the oxidant supply unit 9 and the cell stack 5.
  • the heat exchange unit 21 may be disposed anywhere as long as an oxidant flow is formed and the upstream side of the cell stack 5.
  • the heat exchange part 21 may be arrange
  • the heat exchange unit 21 includes a box body 22 having an internal space, fins 23 arranged in the internal space of the box body 22, an oxidant inlet 26, and an oxidant outlet 27. It is equipped with.
  • the box 22 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the heat generating portion 20 is provided outside.
  • an oxidant inlet 26 is formed on the side plate 22b, and an oxidant outlet 27 is formed on the side plate 22c facing the side plate 22b.
  • the internal space of the box 22 functions as a flow path FL through which the oxidant flows from the oxidant inlet 26 toward the oxidant outlet 27.
  • a heat generating portion 20 is attached to the outer surface of the upper plate 22a of the box 22.
  • the control base constituting the heat generating portion 20 is insulated.
  • the mounting direction of the heat exchange part 21 is not particularly limited, and the upper plate 22a may be disposed sideways, or the upper plate 22a may be disposed downward.
  • the heat exchange unit 21 includes a plurality of fins 23 in the internal space of the box body 22.
  • the fins 23 extend along the flow path FL.
  • a plurality of fins 23 are arranged at regular intervals so as to be parallel to each other.
  • the direction in which the fins 23 face each other (that is, the direction in which the fins 23 are arranged) is orthogonal to the flow path FL. 3 and 4, the fins 23 are fixed to the upper plate 22a and extend downward toward the bottom plate 22d.
  • the fins 23 are separated from the bottom plate 22d. Both end portions of the fin 23 are separated from the side plates 22b and 22c.
  • the oxidant that has flowed into the box 22 from the oxidant inlet 26 is branched before the fins 23, passes between the fins 23, merges before the oxidant outlet 27, and the oxidant outlet 27. Discharged from.
  • the fins 23 are fixed to a plate (the upper plate 22a in the present embodiment) on which the heat generating portion 20 is provided among the respective plates constituting the wall of the box 22.
  • the fins 23 can efficiently release the heat from the heat generating part 20 to the oxidant.
  • the length of each fin 23 is the same, but the length of each fin is not particularly limited.
  • the fins 23 in the vicinity of the oxidant inlet 26 and the oxidant outlet 27 are long, and as the fins 23 move away from the oxidant inlet 26 and the oxidant outlet 27 in a direction in which the fins face each other (a direction orthogonal to the flow path FL), The length of may be shortened. As a result, the oxidant easily spreads over the entire internal space of the box 22.
  • the fuel cell system 1 includes the heat exchanging unit 21 that removes (that is, cools) the heat of the heat generating unit 20 with the oxidant supplied to the cell stack 5.
  • the oxidant supply unit 9 is an essential component in the power generation of the cell stack 5. That is, the heat exchange unit 21 can omit the cooling fan by cooling the heat generating unit 21 using the oxidant supply unit 9 which is an essential component in the fuel cell system 1.
  • the fuel cell system 1 eliminates the need for a cooling fan, reduces the number of components, and can reduce the cost.
  • the output of the cathode pump 9a that supplies the oxidant to the cell stack 5 is larger than that of the cooling fan that is generally used conventionally (depending on the size of the fuel cell system). Therefore, the oxidant supply unit 9 can flow a larger amount of oxidant to the heat exchange unit than a conventional cooling fan. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the heat generating portion 20 is significantly increased as compared with the case where a conventional cooling fan is used.
  • the housing 100 may have a sealed structure.
  • a dustproof effect and a soundproof effect can be obtained.
  • the moisture prevention effect with respect to the electronic component of the heat generating part 20 can also be acquired.
  • the heat exchanging section 21 includes a box 22 having an oxidant flow path FL therein, and fins 23 extending along the flow path FL in the flow path FL.
  • the heat generating part 20 is disposed outside the box body 22. Since the heat generating unit 20 is provided outside the box 22 of the heat exchange unit 21, the heat from the heat generating unit 20 is transmitted to the box 22. Moreover, since the heat generating part 20 is provided so as to be in surface contact with the upper surface of the upper plate 22 a of the box body 22, the heat from the heat generating part 20 is efficiently transmitted to the box body 22. Since the oxidant flows through the internal flow path FL, the box 22 of the heat exchange unit 21 can release heat to the oxidant. Since the fins 23 are provided in the flow path FL, heat is efficiently released to the oxidant. Further, since the fin 23 extends along the flow path FL, the flow of the oxidizing agent is not hindered.
  • the shape of the fin 23 is not particularly limited, and may be any structure as long as the heat of the heat generating portion 20 can be released to the oxidant. A structure that does not hinder the flow of the oxidant is preferable.
  • the fins 33 of the heat exchanging section 31 are shorter than the fins 23 described above and are arranged alternately.
  • the fin 43 of the heat exchange unit 41 has an end on the oxidant inlet 26 side inclined toward the oxidant inlet 26 and an end on the oxidant outlet 26 side inclined toward the oxidant outlet 27.
  • a gas that does not require reforming such as pure hydrogen or a hydrogen-enriched gas, can also be supplied as the hydrogen-containing fuel.
  • a reformer included in the hydrogen generator is not necessary.
  • the present invention can be used for a fuel cell system.
  • SYMBOLS 1 Fuel cell system, 4 ... Hydrogen generating part, 5 ... Cell stack, 9 ... Oxidant supply part, 10 ... Power conditioner (heat generating part), 11 ... Control part (heat generating part), 20 ... Heat generating part, 21, 31 , 41 ... heat exchange part, 22 ... box (heat exchange part), 23, 33, 43 ... fin (heat exchange part), FL ... flow path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible qui comprend une unité de production d'hydrogène servant à générer un gaz contenant de l'hydrogène en utilisant un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ; un assemblage de piles à combustibles servant à générer de l'électricité en utilisant le gaz contenant de l'hydrogène ; une unité d'alimentation en comburant servant à alimenter en comburant l'assemblage de piles à combustible ; une unité de production de chaleur servant à générer de la chaleur par la réalisation d'un processus électrique ; et une unité d'échange de chaleur qui sert à extraire la chaleur de l'unité de génération de chaleur en utilisant le comburant et qui est positionnée sur le côté amont de l'empilage de piles à combustible par rapport au comburant.
PCT/JP2011/080256 2010-12-28 2011-12-27 Système de pile à combustible WO2012091029A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012550990A JPWO2012091029A1 (ja) 2010-12-28 2011-12-27 燃料電池システム

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010292380 2010-12-28
JP2010-292380 2010-12-28

Publications (1)

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WO2012091029A1 true WO2012091029A1 (fr) 2012-07-05

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PCT/JP2011/080256 WO2012091029A1 (fr) 2010-12-28 2011-12-27 Système de pile à combustible

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013211202A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Toto Ltd 燃料電池ユニット
WO2014156212A1 (fr) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Dispositif de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible
JP2014191896A (ja) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp 燃料電池装置及び燃料電池システム
JP2014191895A (ja) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp 燃料電池装置及び燃料電池システム
JP2016177883A (ja) * 2015-03-18 2016-10-06 富士電機株式会社 空気予熱器及び発電装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0475263A (ja) * 1990-07-18 1992-03-10 Fuji Electric Co Ltd パッケージ型燃料電池発電装置
JP2000260445A (ja) * 1999-03-08 2000-09-22 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池発電装置
JP2001017372A (ja) * 1999-07-05 2001-01-23 Hitachi Ltd 食器洗い乾燥機
JP2002329515A (ja) * 2001-02-27 2002-11-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池発電システム
JP2003208915A (ja) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-25 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JP2007207441A (ja) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-16 Kyocera Corp 燃料電池システム

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0475263A (ja) * 1990-07-18 1992-03-10 Fuji Electric Co Ltd パッケージ型燃料電池発電装置
JP2000260445A (ja) * 1999-03-08 2000-09-22 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池発電装置
JP2001017372A (ja) * 1999-07-05 2001-01-23 Hitachi Ltd 食器洗い乾燥機
JP2002329515A (ja) * 2001-02-27 2002-11-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池発電システム
JP2003208915A (ja) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-25 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池発電システム
JP2007207441A (ja) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-16 Kyocera Corp 燃料電池システム

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013211202A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Toto Ltd 燃料電池ユニット
WO2014156212A1 (fr) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Dispositif de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible
JP2014191896A (ja) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp 燃料電池装置及び燃料電池システム
JP2014191895A (ja) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-06 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp 燃料電池装置及び燃料電池システム
JP2016177883A (ja) * 2015-03-18 2016-10-06 富士電機株式会社 空気予熱器及び発電装置

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