Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
  • C07D261/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D261/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D261/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D261/18—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen
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  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
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  • A61K31/365—Lactones
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  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
  • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
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  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
  • A61K31/416—1,2-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. indazole
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4192—1,2,3-Triazoles
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  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
  • A61K31/502—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. cinnoline, phthalazine
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
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  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/32—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C271/34—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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  • C07C271/32—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C271/36—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/32—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C271/38—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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  • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Definitions

• Ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005, ingenol mebutate) is a diterpene-ester of the ingenol family which is isolated from various Euphorbia species, particularly from Euphorbia peplus. The compound is presently subject for clinical development for the treatment of actinic keratosis and for non-melanoma skin cancer.
• Compounds of the present invention stimulate keratinocyte IL-8 release, thus inducing an immunostimulatory effect.
• Ra and Rb represents hydrogen, (Ci-C 4 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )alkoxy(Ci- C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, cyano(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyi or heterocydoalkyl;
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for topical administration comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable stereoisomer, salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient.
• the invention provides use of a compound of formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases associated with hyperplasia or neoplasia.
• the invention provides use of compound according to formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or amelioration of cosmetic indications.
• R is heteroaryl which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R7;
• R7 represents -NRaCORb, -CONRaRb, -COORc, -OCORa, -ORa, -OCONRaRb, - NRaCOORb, -NRaCONRaRb, -NRaS02NRaRb, -NRaS02Rb, -S02NRaRb, -S02Ra, - S(0)Ra, -Sra or -NRaRb;
• R8 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxyl
• Rf represents hydrogen, (C a -C 4 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, (Q-C ⁇ alkoxy Ca-C ⁇ alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C !
• R is heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R8, R7 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxyl;
• heterocycloalkyl is pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or 5-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.
• An embodiment of the invention provides a compound of formula I, said compound being Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-phenyl-carbamate).
• An embodiment of the invention provides a compound of formula I, said compound being Ingenol 3-(pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate).
• (C a -C b )alkyl wherein a and b are integers refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl radical having from a to b carbon atoms, e.g. 1-7 or 1- 6, such as 1-4 or 1-3 carbon atoms.
• a is 1 and b is 7, for example, the term includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl and heptyl.
• cycloalkenyl refers to mono-, di- or tri unsaturated non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbons radicals, including polycyclic radicals, comprising 3-13 carbon atoms, such as 3-10, such as 3-8, such as 3-5 carbon atoms, and includes, for example,
• (C a -C b )alkynyl wherein a and b are integers refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having from a to b carbon atoms, e.g. 2-7 or 2-6 or 2-4 or 2-3 carbon atoms, comprising 1-2 C-C triple bonds.
• a is 1 and b is 7, for example, the term includes ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl or hexynyl.
• heterocycloalkyl furthermore refers to a cycloalkyl radical , including polycyclic radicals, optionally fused with carbocyclic rings, including aryl provided that the point of attachment is through the non-aromatic ring, the cycloalkyl radical comprising 1-4 heteroatoms, selected from 0, N, or S.
• cycloalkyl radical including polycyclic radicals, optionally fused with carbocyclic rings, including aryl provided that the point of attachment is through the non-aromatic ring, the cycloalkyl radical comprising 1-4 heteroatoms, selected from 0, N, or S.
• piperazinyl a cycloalkyl radical , including polycyclic radicals, optionally fused with carbocyclic rings, including aryl provided that the point of attachment is through the non-aromatic ring, the cycloalkyl radical comprising 1-4 heteroatoms, selected from 0, N, or S.
• heteroaryl refers to radicals of heterocyclic aromatic rings, optionally fused with carbocyclic rings or heterocyclic rings, comprising 1-4 heteroatoms, selected from O, S and N, and 1- 12 carbon atoms, such as 1-4 heteroatoms and 1-6 carbon atoms, in particular 5- or 6-membered rings with 1-4 heteroatoms, or optionally fused bicyclic rings with 1-4 heteroatoms, and wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
• alkoxyalkyl is intended to indicate an alkyl radical as defined above, which is substituted with an alkoxy radical as defined above, i.e. -R-O-R, wherein each R is alkyl, same or different, as indicated above, e.g. methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl.
• cycloalkylalkyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -R'-cycloalkyl, wherein R' is alk l as defined above such as;
• R' is alkyl as defined above such as;
• arylalkyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -R'-Ar, wherein R' is alk l as defined above and Ar is aryl as defined above such as;
• heteroarylalkyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -R'-Het, wherein R' is alk l as defined above and Het is heteroaryl as defined above such as;
• alkylcycloalkyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -cycloalkyl-R' wherein R' is alkyl as defined above such as;
• alkylcycloalkenyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula - cycloalkenyl-R', wherein R' is alkyl as defined above such as;
• alkylaryl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -Ar-R', wherein R' is alkyl as defined above and Ar is aryl as defined above such as;
• alkyl heteroaryl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula -Het-R', wherein R' is alkyl as defined above and Het is heteroaryl as defined above such as;
• alkyiheterocycloaikyl is intended to indicate a radical of the formula heterocycloalkyl-R', wherein R' is alkyl as defined above such as;
• R' is alkyl as defined above such as;
• 'substituted' as applied to any moiety herein is intended to indicate
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt is intended to indicate salts prepared by reacting a compound of formula I comprising a basic moiety with a suitable inorganic or organic acid, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, formic, acetic, 2,2-dichloroacetic, choline, adipic, ascorbic, L-aspartic, L-glutamic, galactaric, lactic, maleic, L-malic, phthalic, citric, propionic, benzoic, glutaric, gluconic, D-glucuronic, methanesulfonic, salicylic, succinic, malonic, tartaric, benzenesulfonic, ethane-l,2-disulfonic, 2-hydroxy ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic, sulfamic or fumaric acid.
• a suitable inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric, hydrobro
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula I comprising an acidic moiety may also be prepared by reaction with a suitable base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia, or suitable non-toxic amines, such as lower alkylamines, for example triethylamine, hydroxy-lower alkylamines, for example 2-hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)- amine, cycloalkylamines, for example dicyclohexylamine, or benzylamines, for example ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibenzylethylenediamine, and dibenzylamine, or L-arginine or L-lysine.
• the present invention further includes prodrugs of compounds of general formula I, such as esters, acetals, ketals, or other derivatives which undergo a biotransformation in vivo before exhibiting their pharmacological effects.
• adenocarcinoma of the prostate and renal cell carcinoma include AIDS related cancer, acoustic neoma, adenocystic carcinoma, adrenocortical cancer, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, alopecia, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, anal cancer, angiosarcoma, aplastic anaemia, astrocytoma, ataxia-telangiectasia, basal cell carcinoma (bcc), bladder cancer, bone cancers, bowel cancer, brain stem glioma, brain and CNS cancers, breast cancer, CNS cancers, carcinoid cancers, cervical cancer, childhood brain cancers, childhood cancer, childhood soft tissue sarcoma,
• the solid cancer which is treated using the methods of the present invention may be a primary lesion or may be the result of metastasis of a primary cancer. Furthermore, if the solid cancer is a metastasis of a primary cancer, the primary cancer may be either a primary solid cancer as described above or may be a dispersed primary cancer.
• cancer is skin cancer.
• photodamaged skin in the context of the present invention is intended to cover fine lines, wrinkles and UV-ageing.
• UV ageing is often manifested by an increase in the epidermal thickness or epidermal atrophy and most notably by solar elastosis, the accumulation of elastin containing material just below the dermal -epidermal junction. Collagen and elastic fibres become fragmented and disorganised. At a cosmetic level this can be observed as a reddening and/or thickening of the skin resulting a a lethery appearance, skin fragility and irregular pigmentation, loss of tone and elasticity, as well as wrinkling, dryness, sunspots and deep furrow formation.
• Lower eukaryotic organism includes yeast and fungus such as Pneumocystis nerinii, Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton and Microsporum.
• Complex eukaryotic organism includes worms, insects, aracnids, nematodes, aemobe, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichonomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma brucei gembiense, Trypanosoma cruzi,
• the invention provides a method of treatment of cancer, actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, viral infections, bacterial infections, wound healing, and treatment of photodamaged skin by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound of formula I.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of common warts, plantar warts and flat warts by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound of formula I above.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of lentigo maligna by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound of formula I above. In an embodiment the invention provides a method of treatment of cervical
• the invention provides use of a compound according to formula I above in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, disorder or condition responsive to stimulation of keratinocyte IL-8 release.
• the invention provides use of a compound according to formula I above in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, disorder or condition responsive to induction of necrosis.
• the invention provides a method of preventing, treating, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases responsive to stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to formula I above.
• a compound of formula I may suitably be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water or the like.
• suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, flavouring agents and colourants may be added to the mixture, as appropriate.
• suitable binders include, e.g., lactose, glucose, starch, gelatin, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes or the like.
• Lubricants include, e.g., sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride or the like.
• Disintegrating agents include, e.g., starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum or the like.
• nanosuspension may be added as such to the lipophilic components of the composition, such that the composition contains up to 10% by weight or, preferably, up to 5% by weight of the aqueous phase.
• the composition may be a non-aqueous ointment which contains less than about 2%, preferably less than 1%, of free water by weight of the composition.
• the viscosity-increasing ingredient is microcrystalline wax it is typically present in an amount in the range of about 5-15% by weight, e.g. about 10% by weight, of the composition.
• a water-in- oil emulsifier with an HLB value of 3-8.
• examples of such emulsifiers are polyoxyethylene C 8 - 22 alkyl ethers, e.g. polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether or polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.
• the amount of emulsifier is typically in the range of 2-10 % w/w of the composition.
• the composition is a cream which may comprise similar components to the ointment, but which is typically an oil-in-water-emulsion containing a substantial amount of water.
• the compounds of formula I may for example be prepared using the reactions and techniques outlined below together with methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, or variations thereof as appreciated by those skilled in the art. Preferred methods include, but are not limited to, those described below.
• the reactions are carried out in solvents appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and suitable for the transformations being effected. Also, in the synthetic methods described below, it is to be understood that all proposed reaction conditions, including choice of solvent, reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature, duration of experiment and work-up procedures, are chosen to be conditions of standard for that reaction, which should be readily recognized by one skilled in the art. Not all compounds falling into a given class may be compatible with some of the reaction conditions required in some of the methods described.
• the compounds of the invention may for example be prepared according to the following non-limiting general methods and examples
• the compounds of the general formula I can for example be synthesised according to Scheme 1, 2, 3 or 4 by reacting ingenol with a hydroxyl protecting agent or a dihydroxyl protecting agent to afford the protected ingenol derivatives a or c according to methods described in, but not limited to "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 4th ed. P.G.M. Wuts; T.W. Greene, John Wiley, 2007 or in P.J. Kocienski, "Protecting Groups", 3rd ed. G. Thieme, 2003 and references cited therein.
• compound a wherein the protective group (Pg) is triphenylmethyl
• Pg the protective group
• triphenylmethyl reagent such as
• Compound a, wherein the protective group (Pg) is silyl can for example be synthesised by reacting ingenol with a silyl chloride such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, tert- butyldiphenylsilyl chloride or triisopropylsilyl chloride in a suitable solvent such as N,N- dimethylformamide, pyridine, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile in the presence of a suitable base such as imidazole, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or 4-(N,N- dimethylamino)pyridine (e.g. Sorg, B.
• a silyl chloride such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, tert- butyldiphenylsilyl chloride or triisopropylsilyl chloride in a suitable solvent such as N,
• Compound a wherein Pg is 2-tetrahydropyranyl can for example be synthesised by reacting ingenol with dihydropyran in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile in the presence of a suitable acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile
• a suitable acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• Compound c wherein the protective group (Pg) represents an acetal such as benzylidene acetal can for example be prepared by reacting ingenol with benzaldehyde or benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or N,N- dimethylformamide in the presence of a suitable acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or N,N- dimethylformamide
• Compound c wherein the protective group (Pg) represents a ketal such as isopropylidene ketal can for example be synthesised by reacting ingenol with a ketone such as acetone or a dimethoxy ketal such as 2,2-dimethoxy propane in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide in the presence of a suitable acid such as p- toluenesulfonic acid (e.g B. Sorg, Z. Naturforsch. (1982), 37b, 748-756).
• a suitable acid such as p- toluenesulfonic acid
• Compound b or d can for example be synthesised by reacting compound a or c with an activated acid derivative such as a mixed anhydride of an acid such as trichlorobenzoic acid.
• an activated acid derivative such as a mixed anhydride of an acid such as trichlorobenzoic acid.
• the esterification by reaction with a mixed anhydride can take place in a suitable solvent without a catalyst, or in the presence of an acidic catalyst using an acid such as perchloric acid or a Lewis acid such as scandium (III) triflate or bismuth (III) triflate, or in the presence of a base such as sodium hydrogencarbonate or triethylamine.
• Compound b or d can for example be synthesised by reacting compound a or c with an acid in the presence a coupling reagent such as a carbodiimide such as
• Compounds of formula b, d or I of scheme 1 or 2 above can for example be synthesised enzymatic esterification by reacting compound a, c or ingenoi with an acyl donor such as an acid anhydride, an ester such as vinyl ester or a thioester in the presence of an enzyme such as a lipase or an esterase.
• an acyl donor such as an acid anhydride
• an ester such as vinyl ester or a thioester
• an enzyme such as a lipase or an esterase.
• the protected ingenoi derivatives a or c may be carbamoylated to give compounds of the general formula b or d according to methods for carbamoylation of hydroxyl groups described in, but not limited to "Functions Containing a Carbonyl Group and at Least One Chalcogen (but not Halogen)" by H. Eckert in "Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations ⁇ " Eds. A.R.
• Compound b or d can for example be synthesised by reacting compound a or c with an isocyanate to give N-mono-substituted carbamates.
• the carbamate formation by reaction with an isocyanate can take place in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile without a catalyst, or it can take place in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.
• the compounds of formula I may be prepared by selective removal of the protective groups Pg from the compounds of the general structure b or d according to methods for deprotection of hydroxyl or dihydroxyl protective groups described, in but not limited to "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 4th ed. P.G.M. Wuts; T.W. Greene, John Wiley, 2007 or in PJ. ocienski, "Protecting Groups", 3rd ed. G. Thieme, 2003 and references cited therein.
• Compounds of general formula I can for example be prepared from compounds of general formula d wherein Pg represents an acetal such as benzylidene acetal or a ketal such as an isopropyliden ketal by cleavage of the protecting group in the presence of a suitable acid such as aqueous hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or p- toluenesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent such as methanol or aqueous tetrahydrofuran.
• a suitable acid such as aqueous hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or p- toluenesulfonic acid
• a suitable solvent such as methanol or aqueous tetrahydrofuran.
• Compounds of general formula I can for example be prepared from compounds of general formula b wherein Pg represents an alkoxyalkyl such as 2-tetrahydropyranyl by cleaving the acetal moiety, for example by acid catalysed cleavage in the presence of a suitable acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent such as methanol.
• Pg represents an alkoxyalkyl such as 2-tetrahydropyranyl by cleaving the acetal moiety, for example by acid catalysed cleavage in the presence of a suitable acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent such as methanol.
• Compounds of general formula I can for example be prepared from compounds of general formula b wherein Pg represents triphenylmethyl by reacting compound b with a suitable acid such as formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid in a suitable solvent such as ether, methanol or dichloromethane.
• a suitable acid such as formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid
• a suitable solvent such as ether, methanol or dichloromethane.
• Ingenol (1.00 g, 2.30 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of p-toluenesulphonic acid monohydrate in acetone (0.47 mg/mL, 22.5 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 25 min. To this solution was added a saturated aqueous solution of NaHC0 3 (0.2 mL). The obtained mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in brine and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.
• Ingenol-5,20-acetonide-3-acylate or ingenol-5,20-acetonide-3-carbamate (0.10 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (0.47 mL) under argon. An aqueous solution of HCI (4 M, 4.7 ⁇ _) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20-27 h.
• Compound 601 was prepared according to Procedure d.
• Compound 602 was prepared according to Procedure d.
• Compound 604 was prepared according to Procedure c.
• Compound 605 was prepared according to Procedure h, where "carbamoyl chloride” was e-3-carbonyl chloride.
• Compound 610 was prepared according to Procedure c.
• Compound 624 was prepared according to Procedure d, but extending the reaction time to 40 min.
• Compound 632 was prepared according to Procedure c, but replacing acetonitrile with ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide.
• Compound 633 was prepared according to Procedure c, but replacing acetonitrile with N,N-dimethylformamide.
• Compound 635 was prepared according to Procedure c, but replacing acetonitrile with N,N-dimethylformamide.
• Compound 647 was prepared according to Procedure a, but replacing dichioromethane with acetonitrile and reacting at 90 °C for 18 h.
• Compound 648 was prepared according to Procedure a, but replacing dichioromethane with acetonitrile and reacting at 90 °C for 18 h.
• Compound 650 was prepared according to Procedure c, but keeping the reaction temperature at 140 °C for 1 h.
• Compound 660 was prepared according to Procedure d.
• Ingenol-5 f 20-acetonide-3-(3 f 5-dimethyl-l-(tetrahvdropyran-4-ylmethynpyrazole-4- carboxylate) (Compound 661)
• Compound 661 was prepared by heating a mixture of ingenol-5,20-acetonide-3-(3,5- dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylate) (15 mg), 4-iodomethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran (80 mg) and potassium carbonate (40 mg) in ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide (0.5 ml) at 120 °C in microwave oven for 20 min.
• Compound 676 was prepared according to Procedure c, but changing the reaction conditions to 60 min at 140 °C.
• Compound 678 was prepared according to Procedure d, but extending the reaction time to 60 min.
• Compound 683 was prepared according to Procedure c, but extending the reaction tim to 40 min.
• Compound 802 was prepared according to Procedure g.
• Compound 803 was prepared according to Procedure g.
• Compound 804 was prepared according to Procedure g. Starting material: Pyrrolidine-l-carbonyl chloride.
• Compound 805 was prepared according to Procedure g.
• Compound 810 was prepared according to Procedure i.
• N-Methyl-N-tetralin-l-yl-carbamoyl chloride prepared from IM- methyl-l ⁇ l-(tetralin-l-yl)-amine according to Procedure f.
• Compound 817 was prepared according to Procedure h.
• N-(3-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-carbamoyl chloride prepared from 3- fluoro-N-methyl-aniline according to Procedure f with pyridine as the tertiary amine.
• Compound 820 was prepared according to Procedure h.

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