WO2012069004A1 - 他喷他多的中间体的合成与应用 - Google Patents

他喷他多的中间体的合成与应用 Download PDF

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WO2012069004A1
WO2012069004A1 PCT/CN2011/082915 CN2011082915W WO2012069004A1 WO 2012069004 A1 WO2012069004 A1 WO 2012069004A1 CN 2011082915 W CN2011082915 W CN 2011082915W WO 2012069004 A1 WO2012069004 A1 WO 2012069004A1
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group
alkyl
chiral auxiliary
methyl
oxazolidinone
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French (fr)
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冯文化
马慧
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中国医学科学院药物研究所
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/02Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/58Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
    • C07C51/60Preparation of carboxylic acid halides by conversion of carboxylic acids or their anhydrides or esters, lactones, salts into halides with the same carboxylic acid part
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/08Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D263/16Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D263/18Oxygen atoms
    • C07D263/20Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
    • C07D263/22Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07Optical isomers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a novel intermediate for the synthesis of tapentadol and the use of the key intermediate in the preparation of tapentadol and derivatives thereof.
  • EP 0 693 475 discloses 1-phenyl- ⁇ 3 ⁇ -dimethylaminopropane active compounds having excellent analgesic activity and very good tolerance, in particular, tapentadol, represented by formula (III),
  • the present invention is directed to the deficiencies of the prior art, and further studies on the heptadol synthesis process, inventing a kind of (1R, 2R)
  • the 1-ethyl-2-methylphenylethane compound is a key intermediate for the synthesis of tapentadol.
  • the two chiral centers in this key intermediate are asymmetrically synthesized by chiral auxiliary groups. .
  • the whole route is simple to operate, the raw material utilization rate is high, the chiral purity of the product is high, and the total yield is higher than the best method reported.
  • the present invention provides a novel intermediate for the synthesis of tapentadol: (1R, 2R)-1-ethyl-2-methylphenothiane, the structural formula is as shown in formula (I) -
  • is a commonly used phenolic hydroxyl protecting group
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxy protecting group selected from (6 alkyl, selected from a saturated or unsaturated six carbon atoms, branched or unbranched alkyl; preferably selected from C 2 - 6 alkyl; more Preferred from C 2 -5 alkyl; more preferred It is selected from c 3 - 5 alkyl; more preferably, it is selected from c 4 - 5 alkyl.
  • -6 saturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexyl; wherein preferred ( 6 unsaturated alkyl is selected from allyl, propargyl;
  • ( ⁇ -6 alkyl is selected from methyl.
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxy protecting group is selected from substituted methyl, the substituent is selected from the group consisting of saturated alkyl, saturated alkoxy, benzyloxy; more preferred is selected from tertiary Butyl methoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl;
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted benzyl groups, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of saturated alkyl groups, ( 4 saturated alkoxy groups, nitro groups, halogens; more preferred from benzyl group, 2,6-dimethyl group Benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl,
  • the phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is selected from a substituted silane group, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of ( 6 saturated alkyl, phenyl; more preferred is selected from the group consisting of trimethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, uncle Butyl diphenyl silicon, triisopropyl vinyl,
  • the most preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl.
  • Preferred chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of binaphthols, acyl sultams, pyrrolidines, oxazolones, pyridones and the like;
  • Preferred binaphthyl chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of S-aminobinaphthol, S-acetyl binaphthol, S-propionyl binaphthol;
  • Preferred acyl sultamide chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of L-(+ camphorsulfonamide, L-(+ hydroxycamphorsulfonamide;
  • Preferred pyrrolidine chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of S-2-methoxymethylpyrrole, S-2-ethoxymethylpyrrolidine;
  • Preferred pyrrolidine chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-isopropyl-2-oxo Oxazolidinone, (4R, 5S) -4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone;
  • Preferred pyrimidone ketone chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of S-2-tert-butyl-4-pyrimidinone, S-2-isopropyl-4-pyrimidinone; most preferred are selected from OH, CI, R-4- Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone.
  • R 4 is a commonly used leaving group
  • the commonly used leaving group referred to in the present invention is selected from
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of I, -0S0 2 CH 3 , - 0S0 2 CF 3 , - 0S0 2 Ph, - 0S0 2 C 6 H 4 CH 3;
  • is selected from - 0S0 2 CH 3 .
  • the present invention provides a method of synthesizing a (1R, 2R)-1-ethyl-2-methylphenylethane compound, comprising the steps of:
  • step (2) The obtained product is reacted with an alkyl iodide, a highly sterically hindered alkaline reagent, and introduced into a second chiral center at the carbonyl alpha position;
  • the chiral auxiliary group used in the step (1) is a chiral auxiliary group such as binaphthol, acyl sultamyl, pyrrolidine, oxazolone or pyrimidinone, preferably S-aminobinaphthol, S- Acetyl binaphthol, S-propionyl binaphthol, L-(+)-camphorsulfonamide, L-(+)-hydroxy camphorsulfonamide, S-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine, S-2- Ethoxymethylpyrrolidine, R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-isopropyl 2-oxazolidinone, (4R, 5S) -4-methyl
  • the Grignard reagent used in the step (2) is an ethyl Grignard reagent; the reaction obtains a 1,4-addition product in the presence of CuBr, and a 0 ⁇ 1-3 ⁇ 41 3 complex may be used, or a CuBr may be used.
  • the reaction is carried out at a low temperature, under anhydrous conditions, the low temperature is -78-0 ° C, preferably -45 ° C, the anhydrous organic solvent is anhydrous ether, anhydrous One or a mixture of tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous isopropyl ether, and anhydrous toluene, preferably anhydrous tetrahydrofuran.
  • the alkyl iodide used in the step (3) is methyl iodide; the strong base having a large hindrance is lithium diisopropylamide, lithium diisobutylamide, and bis(trimethylsilyl)amino group.
  • the reactant of the step (4) a new intermediate containing a chiral auxiliary group
  • the acid can be acylated, reduced, substituted to form a new intermediate acid halide, amide, alcohol , ester compounds, these new intermediates can undergo hydrolysis, acylation, reduction, one or several reactions in the substitution to other new intermediates.
  • the present invention provides the formula of heptadol ( ⁇ ):
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is selected from ( 6 alkyl, selected from saturated or unsaturated containing six carbon atoms, Branched or unbranched alkyl group; preferably selected from c 2 - 6 alkyl; more preferably selected from c 2 - 5 alkyl group; more preferably selected from C 3 - 5 alkyl group; more preferably selected from C 4 -5 alkyl.
  • 6 saturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexyl; preferably ( -6 unsaturated alkyl group is selected from allyl, propargyl);
  • ( ⁇ - 6 alkyl is selected from methyl.
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxy protecting group is selected from substituted methyl, the substituent is selected from the group consisting of c M saturated alkyl, C M saturated alkoxy, benzyloxy; more preferred Selected from tert-butylmethoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl;
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxy protecting group substituted or unsubstituted benzyl the substituent being selected from ( 4 saturated alkyl, ( 4 saturated alkoxy, nitro, halogen; selected from benzyl, 2,6-dimethylbenzyl) , 4-methoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl,
  • a preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is substituted with a silane group, the substituent being selected from the group consisting of ( -4 saturated alkyl, phenyl; selected from trimethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenyl) a silicon-based group, a triisopropylsilyl group, most preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl. ( ⁇ 6 saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl;
  • C 2 - 6 alkyl is preferably selected from C 2 - 6 alkyl; further preferably selected from C 2 - 5 alkyl; further preferably selected from C 3 - 5 alkyl; more preferably selected from C 4 - 5 alkyl.
  • preferred ( -6 saturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl.
  • Preferred ( 6- unsaturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl, propynyl,
  • the invention also provides a process for the preparation of tapentadol and a derivative thereof, the synthesis step comprising the use of an optically pure intermediate of formula (I), which is hydrolyzed, substituted, oxidized, acylated in addition to the amide.
  • One or several of the reactions produce an amide, followed by a reduction reaction, removal of the protecting group, and salt formation to obtain tapentadol and its derivatives.
  • a preferred synthetic route for the synthesis of tapentadol is as follows:
  • Aux is a chiral auxiliary group.
  • the preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting group of tapentadol is selected from ( 6 alkyl, selected from saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl groups containing six carbon atoms; preferably selected from C 2 - 6 alkyl; more preferably selected from C 2 - 5 alkyl; more preferably selected from C 3 - 5 alkyl; more preferably selected from C 4 - 5 alkyl.
  • -6 saturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexyl; wherein preferred ( 6 unsaturated alkyl is selected from allyl, propargyl;
  • ( ⁇ -6 alkyl is selected from methyl.
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxy protecting group is selected from substituted methyl, the substituent is selected from the group consisting of saturated alkyl, saturated alkoxy, benzyloxy; more preferred is selected from tertiary Butyl methoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl;
  • Preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted benzyl groups, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of saturated alkyl groups, ( 4 saturated alkoxy groups, nitro groups, halogens; more preferred from benzyl group, 2,6-dimethyl group Benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl,
  • the phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is selected from a substituted silane group, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of ( 6 saturated alkyl, phenyl; more preferred is selected from the group consisting of trimethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, uncle Butyl diphenyl silicon, triisopropyl vinyl,
  • the most preferred phenolic hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl.
  • Preferred chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of binaphthols, acyl sultans, pyrrolidines, oxazolones, pyrimidinones and the like;
  • Preferred binaphtholic chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of s-aminobinaphthol, s-acetyl binaphthol, s-propionyl binaphthol;
  • Preferred acyl sultamide chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of L-(+ camphorsulfonamide, L-(+ hydroxycamphorsulfonamide;
  • Preferred pyrrolidine chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of S-2-methoxymethylpyrrole, S-2-ethoxymethylpyrrolidine;
  • Preferred pyrrolidine chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-isopropyl-2-oxo Oxazolidinone, (4R, 5S)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone;
  • Preferred pyrimidone ketone chiral auxiliary groups are selected from the group consisting of S-2-tert-butyl-4-pyrimidinone, S-2-isopropyl-4-pyrimidinone;
  • the most preferred chiral auxiliary group is selected from the group consisting of 0H, C1, R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone.
  • the most preferred synthetic route to tapenta is as follows:
  • a bromide-dimethyl sulfide complex and an organic solvent are added in a chemical reaction vessel, and the preferred organic solvent is selected from anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, and the temperature is lowered to -40 to 50 ° C, and the above-mentioned Grignard is slowly added dropwise. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction is carried out for l_3h, and then a solution of (E,4R)-3-(3'-m-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone is added, and the reaction is carried out for 3_5h.
  • the preferred organic solvent is selected from anhydrous tetrahydrofuran
  • the preferred organic solvent is selected from anhydrous diethyl ether, and a solution of dimethylamine is added dropwise.
  • the preferred organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of anhydrous diethyl ether solution, stirred at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours, and then worked up to give (2R, 3R)-3-m-methoxyphenyl-N, N, 2-trimethylpentanamide.
  • (2R, 3R)-2-methyl-3-m-methoxyphenylpentanol is added to the chemical reaction vessel and dissolved in an organic solvent.
  • the preferred organic solvent is selected from dichloromethane, and the methane is slowly added in an ice bath.
  • the acid chloride and triethylamine are reacted and post-treated to give (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-m-methoxyphenylpentyl methanesulfonate.
  • (2R,3R)-3-m-methoxyphenyl-indole, hydrazine, 2-trimethylpentanamide is dissolved in a chemical reaction vessel, and dissolved in an organic solvent.
  • the preferred organic solvent is selected from anhydrous tetrahydrofuran to dissolve slowly.
  • Inject borane-dimethyl sulfide solution stir at room temperature for 0.5-3h, heat to reflux for 0.5-3h, cool down to -5 ⁇ 5 °C, slowly add methanol to the solution to clarify, post-treated (2R, 3R) _3-( 3-methoxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethylpentylamine.
  • phenolic hydroxyl protecting groups referred to in the present invention are selected from Theodora W. Greene, edited by Peter GM Wuts, and published by John Wiley & Sons Inc (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis: phenolic hydroxyl protecting group as described on pages 246-287, preferably methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, propargyl, tert-butylmethoxy , benzyloxymethyl, benzyl, 2,6-dimethylbenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, trimethylsilyl, Tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, more preferably methyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl.
  • the chiral auxiliary group referred to in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of Lin Guoqiang, Chen Yaoquan, and Chen Xinzi, and various types of chiral auxiliary capable of linking with a carbonyl group as described in "Chiral Synthesis-Asymmetric Reaction and Its Application” published by Science Press.
  • Base preferably S-amino binaphthol, S-acetyl binaphthol, S-propionyl binaphthol, L-(+ camphorsulfonamide, L-(+)-hydroxy camphorsulfonamide, S-2-methoxy Methylpyrrolidine, S-2-ethoxymethylpyrrolidine, R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, R-4- Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone, (4R, 5S) _4_methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone, S-2-tert-butyl-4-pyrimidinone, S-2-iso a propyl-4-pyrimidinone, more preferably an R-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone.
  • the usual leaving group referred to in the present invention is selected from
  • the present invention is (- 6 alkyl, selected from a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl six carbon atoms; preferably selected from C 2 - 6 alkyl; more preferably selected from From C 2 - 5 alkyl; more preferred is selected from C 3 - 5 alkyl; more preferably selected from C 4 - 5 alkyl.
  • preferred ( 6 saturated alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl.
  • Preferred ( 6- unsaturated alkyl groups are selected from the group consisting of ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl, propynyl,
  • a 3 L round bottom flask was charged with 65 g of m-methoxycinnamic acid, dissolved in 2 L of tetrahydrofuran, and 94 g of triethylamine was added at 0 ° C, and then 44 g of pivaloyl chloride was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, and 15.5 g of lithium chloride was added, and then divided into four.
  • (2R,3R) _2_methyl_3_m-methoxyphenylpentanoyl chloride was added to a 100 ml round bottom flask, and 10 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added thereto, and a solution of dimethylamine in anhydrous ether (0.365 g, 10 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h, washed with EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc. It is 98%.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种他喷他多的关键中间体:(1R,2R)-1-乙基-2-甲基苯乙烷类化合物的制备方法,以及应用这个关键中间体制备他喷他多及衍生物的方法。

Description

他喷他多的中间体的合成与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成他喷他多的新中间体的制备方法,以及该关键中间体在 制备他喷他多及衍生物中的应用。 背景技术
EP0693475揭示了具有优异镇痛活性和非常好耐受性的 1 -苯基 -·3·-二甲胺基 丙烷类活性化合物, 特别是他喷他多, 结构式如式 (III) 所示,
Figure imgf000002_0001
( III)
化学名称为 (-) - ( 1R, 2R) _3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) -苯酚盐酸, 已于 2008年 11月上市,是由德国 Gruenenthal公司研制的一个新型兼有 M0R( μ -阿片受体)激动和 ΝΕ (去甲肾上腺素)再摄取抑制双重作用方式的中枢镇痛药, 用于解除成人中枢神经系统的中至重度急性疼痛。
研究结果显示,他喷他多对急性、炎性和慢性神经病理性疼痛模型都有良效, 其效能介于吗啡和曲马朵之 i司,比等效镇痛剂量的强阿片类药吗啡更能改善副作 用(尤其是胃 用), 且比其更不易产生镇痛耐受和躯体依赖。 同时, 他喷他 多不锬赖代谢活化, 没有活性代谢产物, 双重^用由单一分子起^用, 比弱阿片 类药曲马多 左旋、右旋对映异构体的外消旋混合物 , 起 M0R激动和 NE重吸收 抑制作用的是不同构型的 ^映异构体分子及其代谢产物)有更好的疗效。他喷他 多将在急性和慢性中至重度疼痛治疗中前景更好。
文献已经报道的他喷他多合成方法主要有以下 3种:①欧洲专利(EP693475) 介绍了最早的合成方法, 以 1-二甲胺基 -2-甲基 -3-戊酮为起始原料, 与间甲氧 基溴化镁发生格氏反应, 经手性柱分离, 卤化, 还原脱卤,再脱去保护基制得未 成盐的他喷他多, 收率约为 17%。 此法原料利用率低, 手性收率低。 ②专利 ( W02004108658, W02005000788 ) 对方法①进行了改进, 在手性柱分离得到 (2S, 3S) -1-二甲氨基 _3- (3-甲氧基苯基) -2-甲基 -3-戊醇后, 脱水, 催化氢化, 再过柱分离, 脱保护基制得未成盐的他喷他多, 收率约为 35%。 此法克服路线① 的缺点, 但酸化后会形成顺式和反式烯, 再催化氢化得到 (2R, 3R) 和 (2R, 3S ) 构型化合物比例约为 4: 1, 仍需过柱分离, 且浪费严重, 经济效益差。 合成路 线①与②如下所示-
Figure imgf000003_0001
合成路线①与②
③欧洲专利 (W02008012283)介绍了一种较优的合成方法, 以间甲氧基苯丙酮 为原料, 与二甲胺盐酸盐反应生成消旋化合物, 经 CIDT动态拆分过程形成光活 (2S) _3-二甲氨基 -1- ( 3-甲氧基苯基) -2-甲基 -1-丙酮,经格氏反应、 酰化、 氢 解脱酯基, 再脱去保护基, 酸化成盐得到他喷他多, 总收率约 49%。 此法克服上 述两种路线的缺点, 操作简单, 收率较高, 但在消旋化合物动态拆分形成光活 (2S) _3-二甲氨基 -1- ( 3-甲氧基苯基) -2-甲基 -1-丙酮时, 反应时间长, 且产率 仅为 64%, R-构型产物不能再利用, 浪费比较严重。 合成路线如下所示:
Figure imgf000004_0001
合成路线③ 发明内容
文献报道的他喷他多及其中间体使用传统拆分方法难以得到,本发明针对现 有技术的不足, 对他喷他多合成工艺进行了进一步研究, 发明了一种以(1R, 2R) -1-乙基 -2-甲基苯乙烷类化合物为关键中间体合成他喷他多的路线,此关键中间 体中的两个手性中心是由手性辅基控制的不对称合成得到。 整个路线操作简单, 原料利用率高, 产物手性纯度高, 总收率比已报道最优方法高。
本发明提供了一种合成他喷他多的新中间体: (1R, 2R) -1-乙基 -2-甲基苯乙 烷类化合物, 结构式如式 ( I ) 所示-
Figure imgf000004_0002
( I )
其中,
!^为常用酚羟基保护基,
优选的酚羟基保护基选自 ( 6烷基,选自含有六个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的, 有支链或无支链的烷基; 优选的选自 C26烷基; 更优选的选自 C25烷基; 更优选 的选自 c35烷基; 更优选的选自 c45烷基。
其中优选的 ( -6饱和烷基选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基; 其中优选的 ( 6不饱和烷基选自烯丙基, 炔丙基;
最优选的(^-6烷基选自甲基。 优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代的甲基,取代基选自 饱和烷基, 饱和烷 氧基, 苄氧基; 更优选的选自叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基;
优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代或非取代的苄基, 取代基选自 饱和烷基、 ( 4饱和烷氧基、 硝基、 卤素; 更优选的选自苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄 基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基,
优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代硅烷基,取代基选自取代基选自 ( 6饱和烷基、 苯基; 更优选的选自三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基, 三异 丙基娃基,
最优选的酚羟基保护基选自甲基, 苄基, 三甲基硅基。 为 C0R3, C R4
其中, 为 -0H, -OCH烷基, 卤素, -NH2, -NHCM烷基, -NCH烷基 ( -6烷基, 手 性辅基,
优选的手性辅基选自联萘酚类, 酰基磺内酰胺类, 吡咯烷类, 噁唑酮类, 嘧 啶酮类等手性辅基;
优选的联萘酚类手性辅基选自 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联萘 酚;
优选的酰基磺内酰胺类手性辅基选自 L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+ 羟基樟脑磺 酰胺;
优选的吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯焼, S-2-乙氧基甲基吡 咯烷;
优选的吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷 酮, R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) -4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮; 优选的嘧啶酮类手性辅基选自 S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶 酮; 最优选的 选自 OH, CI, R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。
R4为常用离去基团,
本发明所指的常用离去基团, 选自
Cl, Br, I, N02;
-0S02CH3, _0S02 CHnn并且 n为 0-3的自然数 X 为卤素, _0S02Ph,
-0S02C6H4CH3; 更优选的选自 -0S02CF3, _0S02Ph, -0S02C6H4CH3
0C0(V6烷基, 0C0(V6卤素取代的烷基, 0C00(V6烷基, 0C00(V6卤素取代的烷 基; 优选 OCOCM卤素取代的烷基选自 0C0CF3, 0C0CH2C1, 0C0CHC12, 0C0CC13;
其中优选的 R4选自 I, -0S02CH3, - 0S02CF3, - 0S02Ph, - 0S02C6H4CH3;
更优选的^选自- 0S02CH3。 本发明提供了合成 (1R, 2R) -1-乙基 -2-甲基苯乙烷类化合物的方法, 包括 以下步骤:
(1)、以间位氧代的肉桂酸为起始原料,与手性辅基反应,得到相应的酯或酰胺;
(2)、 步骤 (1)所得产物与格氏试剂及 CuBr发生 1, 4-加成反应, 由手性辅基 诱导生成第一个手性中心;
(3)、 步骤 (2) 所得产物与烷基碘, 位阻大的碱性试剂反应, 在羰基 α位引入 第二个手性中心;
(4)、 步骤(3)所得产物发生水解反应、 和 /或酰化反应、 和 /或还原反应、 和 / 或取代反应。 根据本发明, 步骤(1)所用的手性辅基为联萘酚, 酰基磺内酰胺, 吡咯烷, 噁唑酮, 嘧啶酮类等手性辅基, 优选 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联 萘酚, L-(+)-樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+)-羟基樟脑磺酰胺, S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷, S-2- 乙氧基甲基吡咯烷, R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-异丙 基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) -4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, S_2_叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶酮, 更优选 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。 根据本发明, 步骤 (2 ) 所用的格氏试剂为乙基格氏试剂; 此反应在 CuBr 存在下得到 1, 4-加成产物, 可以使用 0^1-¾1 3复合物, 也可以使用 CuBr, 加 入二甲硫醚溶剂; 反应在低温, 无水条件下进行, 所述的低温为 -78-0 °C, 优选 -45°C, 所述的无水有机溶剂为无水乙醚, 无水四氢呋喃, 无水异丙醚, 无水甲 苯的一种或几种混合, 优选无水四氢呋喃。 根据本发明, 步骤 (3 ) 所用的烷基碘为碘甲烷; 所述的位阻大的强碱为二 异丙基氨基锂, 二异丁基氨基锂, 二 (三甲基硅基) 氨基锂 (钠, 钾), 二 (三 乙基硅基)氨基锂, 异丙基环己基氨基锂, 四甲基哌啶锂, 优选二(三甲基硅基) 氨基锂; 反应在低温, 无水条件下进行, 所述的低温为 -78-0°C, 优选 -45°C, 所 述的无水有机溶剂为无水乙醚, 无水四氢呋喃, 无水异丙醚, 无水甲苯的一种或 几种混合, 优选无水四氢呋喃。 根据本发明, 步骤 (4) 的反应物一含手性辅基的新中间体发生水解反应生 成新中间体酸, 酸可发生酰化, 还原, 取代反应生成新中间体酰卤, 酰胺, 醇, 酯类化合物, 这些新中间体之间可以发生水解, 酰化, 还原, 取代中的一个或几 个反应转化成其他新中间体。 本发明提供了他喷他多 式 (Π ) 所示:
Figure imgf000007_0001
为氢或常用酚羟基保护基,
优选的酚羟基保护基选自 ( 6烷基,选自含有六个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的, 支链或无支链的烷基; 优选的选自 c26烷基; 更优选的选自 c25烷基; 更优选的 选自 C3-5烷基; 更优选的选自 C4-5烷基。
其中优选的 ( 6饱和烷基选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基; 优选的 ( -6不饱和烷基选自烯丙基, 炔丙基;
更优选的 (^-6烷基选自甲基。 优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代的甲基,取代基选自 cM饱和烷基, CM饱和烷 氧基, 苄氧基; 更优选的选自叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基;
优选的酚羟基保护基取代或非取代的苄基, 取代基选自 ( 4饱和烷基、 ( 4 饱和烷氧基、 硝基、 卤素; 选自苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基 苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基,
优选的酚羟基保护基取代硅烷基, 取代基选自取代基选自(—4饱和烷基、 苯 基; 选自三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基, 三异丙基硅基, 最优选的 选自氢, 甲基, 苄基, 三甲基硅基。 为(^6饱和或不饱和的, 支链或无支链的烷基;
优选的选自 C26烷基; 进一步优选的选自 C25烷基; 再一步优选的选自 C3-5 烷基; 更优选的选自 C45烷基。
其中优选的 ( —6饱和烷基选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基, 正丁基。
优选的 ( 6不饱和烷基选自乙烯基, 丙烯基, 乙炔基, 丙炔基,
更优选甲基。 本发明还提供了制备他喷他多及衍生物的方法,其合成步骤包括以光学纯的 式 ( I ) 中间体为原料, 这些新中间体除酰胺外通过水解, 取代, 氧化, 酰化反 应中的一个或几个反应生成酰胺, 然后再发生还原反应、 脱去保护基、成盐制得 他喷他多及其衍生物。 一种优选的合成他喷他多的合成路线如下所示:
Figure imgf000009_0001
IV
Aux为手性辅基,
为酚羟基保护基。
他喷他多的新合成路线 优选的酚羟基保护基选自 ( 6烷基,选自含有六个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的, 有支链或无支链的烷基; 优选的选自 C26烷基; 更优选的选自 C25烷基; 更优选 的选自 C35烷基; 更优选的选自 C45烷基。
其中优选的 (—6饱和烷基选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基; 其中优选的 ( 6不饱和烷基选自烯丙基, 炔丙基;
最优选的(^-6烷基选自甲基。 优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代的甲基,取代基选自 饱和烷基, 饱和烷 氧基, 苄氧基; 更优选的选自叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基;
优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代或非取代的苄基, 取代基选自 饱和烷基、 ( 4饱和烷氧基、 硝基、 卤素; 更优选的选自苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄 基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基,
优选的酚羟基保护基选自取代硅烷基,取代基选自取代基选自 ( 6饱和烷基、 苯基; 更优选的选自三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基, 三异 丙基娃基,
最优选的酚羟基保护基选自甲基, 苄基, 三甲基硅基。 优选的手性辅基选自联萘酚类, 酰基磺内酰胺类, 吡咯烷类, 噁唑酮类, 嘧 啶酮类等手性辅基;
优选的联萘酚类手性辅基选自 s-氨基联萘酚, s-乙酰联萘酚, s-丙酰联萘 酚;
优选的酰基磺内酰胺类手性辅基选自 L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+ 羟基樟脑磺 酰胺;
优选的吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯焼, S-2-乙氧基甲基吡 咯烷;
优选的吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷 酮, R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R,5S)-4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮;
优选的嘧啶酮类手性辅基选自 S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶 酮;
最优选的手性辅基选自 0H,C1, R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。 最优选的他喷他多的合成路线如下:
(1) (E, 4R) -3- (3' -间甲氧基苯基) 丙烯酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮的制备 将间甲氧基肉桂酸用有机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃, 加入 三乙胺,再加入特戊酰氯,混合物搅拌,加入 15.5g氯化锂, 再分次加入 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, 得 (E,4R) -3- (3'_间甲氧基苯基) 丙烯酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷 酮。
(2) (3'R, 4R) -3- (3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 _4_苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮的制备 在化学反应容器中加入镁条和有机溶剂, 优选的有机溶剂选自无水四氢呋 喃, 搅拌下缓慢滴加溴乙烷的溶液, 溴乙烷优选溶解在无水四氢呋喃中, 保持反 应处于回流状态, 溴乙烷加完后, 加热回流。
另取在化学反应容器加入溴化亚酮-二甲硫醚复合物和有机溶剂, 优选的有 机溶剂选自无水四氢呋喃, 降温至 -40-50°C, 缓慢滴加上述制好的格氏试剂, 滴 加完毕后反应 l_3h,再加入 (E,4R) -3- (3'_间甲氧基苯基) 丙烯酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮的溶液, 反应 3_5h,用 NH4C1 溶液终止反应得 (3'R,4R) _3_ (3' - 间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。 (3) (2'R, 3 R,4R) -3- (2' -甲基 _3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 _4_苯基 -2-噁唑 烷酮的制备
在化学反应容器中加入(3'R,4R) -3- (3'_间甲氧基苯基)戊酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮并用有机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自无水四氢呋喃, 降温至 -40〜- 50°C, 缓慢滴加二 (三甲基硅基) 氨基锂,反应 l_3h,缓慢滴加碘甲烷的 溶液,反应 3h,升温至 -10〜- 30°C反应 1 -3天,加 NH4C1溶液, 后处理得(2' R, 3' R, 4R) -3- (2' -甲基 -3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 _4_苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。
(4) (2R, 3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酸的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2'R, 3' R, 4R) -3- ( 2' -甲基 -3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮用有机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃 /水 (2-4/1)体积比的溶剂, 降温至 -5〜5°C,搅拌下加入双氧水, 再加入氢氧化锂, 保持温度在 0_25°C反应 5〜15h,降温至 -5〜5°C,加 N¾S03溶液终止反应, 调 Ph9-10, 后处理得 2R,3R) _2_甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酸。
(5) (2R, 3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酰氯的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酸用有机溶剂 溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自苯, 搅拌下加入吡啶, 再缓慢滴加 4.83g二氯亚砜, 混合物加热至 45〜55°C反应 0.5〜3h,后处理得(2R, 3R) -2-甲基 _3_间甲氧基苯 基戊酰氯。
(6) (2R, 3R) -3-间甲氧基苯基 -Ν,Ν, 2-三甲基戊酰胺的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酰氯, 加入有 机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自无水乙醚, 滴加二甲胺溶液, 优选的有机溶剂 选自无水乙醚溶液,室温搅拌 2〜3h,后处理得(2R, 3R) -3-间甲氧基苯基 -N, N, 2- 三甲基戊酰胺。
(7) (2R, 3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊醇的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酸, 用有机溶 剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自无水四氢呋喃溶解, 冰浴下缓慢注入硼烷, 优选的 是硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液( 1M) ,加完后缓慢升至室温搅拌 8〜12h,降温至 _5〜5°C, 缓慢滴加水和醋酸的混合溶液至无气泡产生, 优选是水和醋酸的体积比 1:1, 后 处理得 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊醇。
(8) 甲磺酸 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酯的制备
在化学反应容器中加入(2R, 3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊醇,用有机溶剂 溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷, 冰浴下缓慢加入甲磺酰氯和三乙胺, 反应 完毕, 后处理得甲磺酸 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酯。
(9) (2R, 3R) -3- (3-甲氧基苯基) -Ν,Ν, 2-三甲基戊胺的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2R,3R) -3-间甲氧基苯基 -Ν,Ν, 2-三甲基戊酰胺, 用有机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自无水四氢呋喃溶解, 缓慢注入硼烷 -二甲 硫醚溶液,室温搅拌 0.5-3h,加热回流 0.5-3h,降温至 -5〜5°C, 缓慢滴加甲醇至 溶液澄清, 后处理的 (2R,3R) _3-(3-甲氧基苯基) -N,N,2-三甲基戊胺。
(10) (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚的制备
在化学反应容器中加入 (2R,3R) -3- (3-甲氧基苯基) -Ν,Ν, 2-三甲基戊胺, 加入甲基磺酸, 搅拌下加入 L-蛋氨酸, 加热至 70〜80°C, 反应 12— 20h, 降至 室温, 后处理得 (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚。
(11) (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚盐酸盐的制备 在化学反应容器中加入 (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚, 用有机溶剂溶解, 优选的有机溶剂选自 THF, 室温搅拌下加入含 HC1的有 机溶剂溶液, 优选的有机溶剂选自 THF, 然后降温至 _5〜5°C搅拌 2-4h, 后处理 得 (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚盐酸盐。 除非另有说明,本发明所指的常用酚羟基保护基,选自 Theodora W.Greene, Peter G.M. Wuts 编著, John Wiley & Sons Inc 出版的 (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis》 : 246-287页所述的酚羟基保护基, 其中优选甲基, 乙基, 异 丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基, 烯丙基, 炔丙基, 叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基, 苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基, 三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基, 三异丙基硅基, 更优选甲基, 苄基, 三 甲基硅基。 本发明所指的手性辅基,选自林国强,陈耀全,陈新滋编著,科学出版社出版 的 《手性合成一不对称反应及其应用》 中所述的能与羰基相连的各类手性辅基, 优选 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联萘酚, L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+)- 羟基樟脑磺酰胺, S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷, S— 2-乙氧基甲基吡咯烷, R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) _4_ 甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶酮, 更优 选 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮。 本发明所指的常用离去基团, 选自
Cl, Br, I, N02;
-0S02CH3, _0S02 CHnn并且 n为 0-3的自然数 X 为卤素, _0S02Ph,
-0S02C6H4CH3; -0S02CF3, _0S02Ph, -0S02C6H4CH3
0C0(V6烷基, 0C0(V6卤素取代的烷基, 0C00(V6烷基, 0C00(V6卤素取代的烷 基; 优选 OCOCM卤素取代的烷基选自 0C0CF3, 0C0CH2C1, 0C0CHC12, 0C0CC13 ;
其中优选 I, - 0S02CH3, -0S02CF3, _0S02Ph, -0S02C6H4CH3;
更优选 -0S02CH3。 本发明所述的 (—6烷基, 选自含有六个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的, 支链或无 支链的烷基; 优选的选自 C26烷基; 更优选的选自 C25烷基; 更优选的选自 C35 烷基; 更优选的选自 C4-5烷基。
其中优选的 ( 6饱和烷基选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基, 正丁基。
优选的 ( -6不饱和烷基选自乙烯基, 丙烯基, 乙炔基, 丙炔基,
更优选甲基。 具体实施方式 下面结合具体的实施例来对本发明进行阐述。 实施例
实施例 1 (E, 4R) -3- (3' -间甲氧基苯基) 丙烯酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮
3L圆底烧瓶中加入 65g间甲氧基肉桂酸, 用 2L四氢呋喃溶解, 0°C下加入 94g三乙胺,再加入 44g特戊酰氯,混合物搅拌 lh,加入 15.5g氯化锂, 再分四次 加入 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮 (13.5gX4), 0°C反应 lh,室温反应 lh,抽滤, 浓缩, 残渣用乙酸乙酯 /水萃取分层, 有机层用硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩, 再加入 600ml 乙醚, 缓慢升温, 搅拌, 过滤得 97g白色固体, 产率为 92%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 324 [M+1]。
¾ NMR (300M , CDC13): δ: 7.93 (d, IH, J=18. OHz), 7.76(d, IH, J=18.0Hz), 7.45-7.28 (m, 6H), 7.20 (d, IH) , 7.11 (s, IH), 6.96(d, IH), 5.57(dd, IH), 4.75 (t, IH) , 4.33(dd, IH) , 3.85(s, 3H)
mp: 156-158°C 实施例 2 (3'R, 4R) -3- (3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 _4_苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮
100ml三颈瓶中放入 2.46g镁条, 20ml无水四氢呋喃,搅拌下缓慢滴加溴乙 烷的无水四氢呋喃溶液(10.14g, 20ml),保持反应处于回流状态,溴乙烷加完后, 加热回流 lh。
1L圆底烧瓶中加入 18.95g溴化亚酮 -二甲硫醚复合物, 100ml无水四氢呋喃, 降温至 -45°C,缓慢滴加上述制好的格氏试剂,滴加完毕后反应 2h,再加入(E, 4R) -3- (3' -间甲氧基苯基) 丙烯酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮的无水四氢呋喃溶液 (20 g, 200ml) , 反应 4h,用 10%的 NH4C1溶液终止反应, 乙酸乙酯萃取 (50mlX3) , 合并有机相, 用水, 饱和食盐水洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩蒸干,得 18.9g白色 固体, 产率为 87%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 354 [M+1]。
¾ NMR (300M , CDC13): δ: 7.36-7.15 (m, 6H), 6.78-6.71 (m, 3H), 5.27(dd, 1H), 4.52 (t, 1H) , 4.20(dd, 1H) , 3.78(s, 3H) , 3.44(dd, 1H), 3.14 (dd, 1H) ,3.05 (m, 1H) ,1.61 (m, 2H) , 0.75 (t, 3H)
mp: 110-114°C 实施例 3 (2'R, 3' R, 4R) _3_ (2' -甲基 _3' -间甲氧基苯基) 戊酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮
500ml圆底烧瓶中加入 13g (3' R, 4R) _3_ (3' -间甲氧基苯基)戊酰基 -4- 苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, 用 100ml无水四氢呋喃溶解, 降温至 _45°C, 缓慢滴加二(三 甲基硅基) 氨基锂 (1M) 40ml,反应 2h,缓慢滴加碘甲烷的无水四氢呋喃溶液 (5.48g, 50ml) ,反应 2h,升温至 -20°C反应 2d,加 10%的 NH4C1溶液, 乙酸乙酯 萃取 (50mlX3),合并有机相, 用水, 饱和食盐水洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩蒸 干,过柱纯化, 得 10.8g白色固体, 产率为 80%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 368 [M+1]。
¾ NMR (300M , CDC13): δ: 7.33-7.18 (m, 6H), 6.78 (m, 3H), 4.88 (dd, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 4.04 (t, 1H) , 3.98 (dd, 1H) , 3.81 (s, 3H) , 2.65 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 1H) ,1.54 (m, 1H) ,1.20 (d, 3H) , 0.71 (t, 3H)
mp: 74-76 °C 实施例 4 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酸
500ml圆底烧瓶中加入 6.72g (2'R, 3' R, 4R) -3- (2' -甲基 _3' -间甲氧基 苯基) 戊酰基 -4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, 用四氢呋喃 /水(150ml/50ml)溶解, 降温至 0°C,搅拌下加入 12.52g 30%的双氧水, 再加入 1.54g 氢氧化锂, 保持温度在 0_25°C反应 10h,降温至 (TC,加 10%的 N¾S03溶液终止反应, 用 NaHC03溶液调 Ph9_10,蒸干四氢呋喃,用二氯甲烷萃取,弃去有机层,再将水相酸化,调 Phl-2, 用乙酸乙酯萃取,硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩蒸干,得到 4g淡黄色液体,产率为 99%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 223 [M+1]。
¾ NMR (300M , CDC13): δ: 10.80 (s, 1H) ,7.18 (t, 1H), 6.72 (m, 3H), 3.75(s, 3H) , 2.73 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 1H) ,1.61 (m, 1H) ,1.16 (d, 3H) , 0.73 (t, 3H) [α] 2°=-18.05° (1.01, 甲醇) 实施例 5 (2R, 3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酰氯
100ml 圆底烧瓶中加入 1.8g (2R, 3R) _2_甲基 _3_间甲氧基苯基戊酸, 用 20ml苯溶解, 搅拌下加入 0.64g吡啶, 再缓慢滴加 4.83g二氯亚砜, 混合物加 热至 5CTC反应 lh,减压浓缩,残余液加 20ml苯,再减压浓缩,加无水乙醚 20ml, 过滤, 滤液减压浓缩, 得到淡黄色液体。 实施例 6 ( 2R, 3R ) -3-间甲氧基苯基 -N, N, 2-三甲基戊酰胺
100ml 圆底烧瓶中加入 (2R,3R) _2_甲基 _3_间甲氧基苯基戊酰氯, 加入无 水乙醚 10ml, 滴加二甲胺的无水乙醚溶液 (0.365g, 10ml) ,室温搅拌 1.5h,用 5ml 1M盐酸溶液洗,弃去有机相, 水相加乙醚萃取, 合并有机相, 饱和食盐水洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩蒸干, 得到 1.97g淡黄色液体,产率为 98%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 250 [M+1]。
¾NMR(300M, CDC13): δ: 7.10(t, 1H), 6.68(m, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.84(m, 1H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 2.64(s, 6H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.44(m, 1H), 1.12(d, 3H),0.65(t, 3H)
[a]589 20=-67.10° (1.01, 甲醇) 实施例 7 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊醇
100ml圆底烧瓶中加入 1.9g(2R, 3R)_2_甲基 _3_间甲氧基苯基戊酸,用 30ml 无水四氢呋喃溶解, 冰浴下缓慢注入 9ml硼烷-四氢呋喃溶液(1M) ,加完后缓慢 升至室温搅拌 10h,降温至 0°C, 缓慢滴加水和醋酸(1: 1) 的混合溶液, 至无气 泡产生, 减压蒸除溶剂, 搅拌下缓慢滴加饱和碳酸钠溶液, 搅拌 lOmin,用乙醚 萃取, 水层用乙醚洗, 合并有机层, 再用饱和碳酸钠洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩 蒸干, 得到 1.34g淡黄色液体,产率为 75%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 209 [M+1]。 实施例 8 甲磺酸 (2R,3R) -2-甲基 -3-间甲氧基苯基戊酯 50ml圆底烧瓶中加入 1.0g (2R, 3R) _2_甲基 _3_间甲氧基苯基戊醇,用 20ml 二氯甲烷溶解, 冰浴下缓慢加入 0.61g甲磺酰氯和 0.73g三乙胺, 反应完毕, 过 滤, 加水萃取, 合并有机层, 用水洗, 饱和食盐水洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩蒸 干, 得到 1.35g淡黄色液体,产率为 98%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 287 [M+1]。 实施例 9 (2R, 3R) -3- (3-甲氧基苯基) -Ν,Ν, 2-三甲基戊胺
100ml圆底烧瓶中加入 1. lg (2R, 3R) _3_间甲氧基苯基 _N, N, 2-三甲基戊酰 胺, 用 30ml无水四氢呋喃溶解, 缓慢注入 0.54g硼烷-二甲硫醚溶液,室温搅拌 lh,加热回流 lh,降温至 0°C, 缓慢滴加甲醇至溶液澄清, 搅拌 10min, 减压蒸除 溶剂, 加 5ml四氢呋喃, 再加入 10ml 6M盐酸溶液, 升温至 50°C搅拌 5h, 蒸除 四氢呋喃, 加入 NaOH颗粒, 调 Phl0_12, 加乙酸乙酯搅拌 lOmin,萃取, 合并有 机相, 饱和食盐水洗, 硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩蒸干, 得到 0.99g淡黄色液体,产 率为 95%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 236 [M+1]。
¾丽 R (CDC13) δ: 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H, CH), 6.81- 6.75 (t, 3H, 3XCH), 3.86 (s, 1H, CH3), 2.43-2.36 (m, 1H, CH), 2.10 (s, 6H, 2XCH3), 2.08-1.80 (m, 3H, CH, C ), 1.76-1.59 (m, 2H, C ), 1.02 (d, J=7.3Hz, 3H, CH3), 0.81-0.76 (t, 3H, CH3)。
[a] 589 2。=- 32.8° (1.04, 甲醇) 实施例 10 (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚
50ml圆底烧瓶中加入 1.365g ( 2R, 3R) _3_ (3-甲氧基苯基) -N, N, 2-三甲基戊 胺,加入 6ml 甲基磺酸, 搅拌下加入 1.30gL-蛋氨酸, 加热至 75°C, 反应 16h, 降至室温, 缓慢加水 3.5ml, 加 32% w/w NaOH溶液约 8ml, 调 phlO- 12, 保持温 度低于 50°C, 加乙酸乙酯 5ml, 搅拌 15min, 分离出有机相, 用水洗, 活性炭脱 色 30min, 过滤,硫酸镁干燥, 滤液减压浓缩, 得到 1.15g淡黄色油状液体,产率 为 90%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 222 [M+1]。 ¾NMR (CDCI3) δ: 8.37 (s, 1H, OH) , 7.15—7.01 (t, 1H, CH), 6.67—6.58 (m, 3H, 3XCH), 2.36- 2.24(m, 1H, CH) , 2.18 (s, 6H, 2XCH3) 2.18-2.01 (m, 111,(: 中的 110 , 1.92- 1.82 (m, 1H, CH), 1.79-1.68 (m, 1H, C 中的 1H), 1.62-1.44 (m, 2H, C ), 0.98-0.96 (d, J=6.7Hz, 3H, CH3), 0.72-0.68 (t,
3H, CH3)。
[a]589 20= -39.2° (1.00, 甲醇), ee。/^ 99%。 实施例 11 (1R, 2R) -3- (3-二甲氨基 -1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基) 苯酚盐酸盐
25ml圆底烧瓶中加入 0.5g (1R, 2R) _3_ (3-二甲氨基 _1_乙基 _2_甲基丙基) 苯酚, 用 5ml THF溶解, 室温搅拌下加入含 HC1的 THF溶液(1.88g , 4.6% w/w), 然后降温至 0°C搅拌 3h,过滤, 得到 0.56g白色粉末状固体, 产率为 97%。
TOF-MS (m/z) : 222 [M+1]。
¾NMR (D20) δ: 7.42-7.37 (t, 1H, CH), 6.96-6.87 (m, 3H, 3XCH), 3.03-2.95 (m, 1H, CH), 2.89 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.84 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.50—2.38 (m, 1H, C 中的 1H) , 2.38-2.25 (m, 1H, CH) , 2.04-1.85 (m, 1H, C 中的 1H), 1.79-1.58 (m, 2H, C ), 1.20 (d, J=6.7Hz, 3H, CH3), 0.82—0.77 (t, 3H, CH3)。
mpl 99-201°C , [ a ] 589 2。= - 39.2° (1.00, 甲醇), ee0/ 99% 。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 结构式如式 ( I ) 所示的 (1R, 2R) -1-乙基 -2-甲基苯乙烷类化合物:
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中,
为酚羟基保护基;
为 C0R3, CH2R4;
选自 -0H, -0(V6烷基, 卤素, -NH2, -NH(V6烷基, -N( 6烷基 CM烷基, 手性 辅基;
R4为常用离去基团。
2、 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 其特征是:
所述的酚羟基保护基选自(—6烷基, 取代的甲基, 取代或非取代的苄基, 取 代硅烷基;
甲基上的取代基选自( -6饱和烷基, 饱和烷氧基, 苄氧基; 更优选的选自 叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基;
苄基上的取代基选自 饱和烷基、 饱和烷氧基、硝基、 卤素;选自苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基;
硅烷基上的取代基选自取代基选自 饱和烷基、 苯基。
2、 根据权利要求 2的化合物, 其特征是: 选自
甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基, 烯丙基, 炔丙基,
叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基,
苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基, 三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基或三异丙基硅基。
4、 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 其特征是: 手性辅基选自联萘酚类, 酰基磺内酰 胺类, 吡咯烷类, 噁唑酮类, 嘧啶酮类手性辅基。
5、 根据权利要求 4的化合物, 其特征是:
联萘酚类手性辅基选自 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联萘酚; 酰基磺内酰胺类手性辅基选自 L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+ 羟基樟脑磺酰胺; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷, S-2-乙氧基甲基吡咯烷; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) -4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮;
嘧啶酮类手性辅基选自 S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶酮。
6、 根据权利要求 1的化合物, 其特征是:
选自
Cl, Br, I, N02;
-0S02CH3, _0S02 CHnn并且 n为 0-3的自然数 X 为卤素, _0S02Ph,
-0S02C6H4CH3;
0C0(V6烷基, 0C0(V6卤素取代的烷基, 0C00(V6烷基, 0C00(V6卤素取代的烷 基。
7、根据权利要求 6的化合物,其特征是: R4为选自 -I, -0S02CH3, -0S02CF3, _0S02Ph 或 -0S02C6H4CH3的常用离去基团。
8、 制备如权利要求 1所述的 (1R, 2R) -1-乙基 -2-甲基苯乙烷类化合物的方法, 其特征是包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、以间位氧代的肉桂酸为起始原料,与手性辅基反应,得到相应的酯或酰胺;
( 2 )、 步骤 (1 ) 所得产物与格氏试剂发生 1, 4-加成反应, 由手性辅基诱导生 成第一个手性中心; ( 3 )、 步骤 (2 ) 所得产物与烷基碘, 位阻大的碱性试剂反应, 在羰基 α位引入 第二个手性中心;
( 4)、 步骤(3 )所得产物发生水解反应、 和 /或酰化反应、 和 /或还原反应、 和 / 或取代反应。
9、 根据权利要求 8的方法, 其特征是: 所述的手性辅基选自联萘酚类, 酰基磺 内酰胺类, 吡咯烷类, 噁唑酮类, 嘧啶酮类手性辅基。
10、 根据权利要求 9的方法, 其特征是:
联萘酚类手性辅基选自 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联萘酚; 酰基磺内酰胺类手性辅基选自 L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+ 羟基樟脑磺酰胺; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷, S-2-乙氧基甲基吡咯烷; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) -4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮;
嘧啶酮类手性辅基选自 S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶酮。
11、 根据权利要求 8的方法, 其特征是: 步骤 (2 ) 所用的格氏试剂选自乙基格 氏试剂。
12、 根据权利要求 8的方法, 其特征是: 步骤 (3 ) 所用的烷基碘为碘甲烷; 所 述的位阻大的强碱为二异丙基氨基锂, 二异丁基氨基锂, 二(三甲基硅基)氨基 锂 (钠, 钾), 二 (三乙基硅基)氨基锂, 异丙基环己基氨基锂, 四甲基哌啶锂, 优选二 (三甲基硅基) 氨基锂。
13、 以权利要求 1所述的式 ( I ) 化合物为原料, 制备的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其结构式如式 ( Π ) 所示:
Figure imgf000021_0001
( II )
其中,
为氢或常用酚羟基保护基,
R¾为 Ci—院基。
14、 根据权利要求 13的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其特征在于:
所述的酚羟基保护基选自( 6烷基, 取代的甲基, 取代或非取代的苄基, 取 代硅烷基;
甲基上的取代基选自( 6饱和烷基, CM饱和烷氧基, 苄氧基; 更优选的选自 叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基;
苄基上的取代基选自( 4饱和烷基、( 4饱和烷氧基、硝基、 卤素;选自苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基;
硅烷基上的取代基选自取代基选自( 4饱和烷基、 苯基。
15、 根据权利要求 14的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其特征在于:
所述的酚羟基保护基选自
甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基, 烯丙基, 炔丙基,
叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基,
苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基, 三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基或三异丙基硅基。
16、 根据权利要求 13的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其特征在于:
选自甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基, 正丁基, 乙烯基, 丙烯基, 乙炔基, 丙炔基。
17、 一种合成他喷他多的方法, 合成路线如下所示:
Figure imgf000023_0001
Aux为手性辅基;
为酚羟基保护基。
18、 根据权利要求 17的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其特征在于:
所述的酚羟基保护基选自(—6烷基, 取代的甲基, 取代或非取代的苄基, 取 代硅烷基;
甲基上的取代基选自(—6饱和烷基, (—6饱和烷氧基, 苄氧基;
苄基上的取代基选自( 4饱和烷基、 ( 4饱和烷氧基、 硝基、 卤素; 硅烷基上的取代基选自取代基选自 饱和烷基、 苯基。
19、 根据权利要求 18的他喷他多及其衍生物, 其特征在于:
所述的酚羟基保护基选自
甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 环丙基甲基, 环己基, 烯丙基, 炔丙基,
叔丁基甲氧基甲基, 苄氧基甲基,
苄基, 2,6-二甲基苄基, 4-甲氧基苄基, 邻硝基苄基, 2,6-二氯苄基, 三甲基硅基, 叔丁基二甲基硅基, 叔丁基二苯基硅基或三异丙基硅基。
20、 根据权利要求 17的方法, 其特征是: 所述的手性辅基选自联萘酚类, 酰基 磺内酰胺类, 吡咯烷类, 噁唑酮类, 嘧啶酮类手性辅基。 21、 根据权利要求 17的方法, 其特征是:
联萘酚类手性辅基选自 S-氨基联萘酚, S-乙酰联萘酚, S-丙酰联萘酚; 酰基磺内酰胺类手性辅基选自 L-(+ 樟脑磺酰胺, L-(+ 羟基樟脑磺酰胺; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 S-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷, S-2-乙氧基甲基吡咯烷; 吡咯烷类手性辅基选自 R-4-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮, R-4-苄基 -2-噁唑烷酮,
R-4-异丙基 -2-噁唑烷酮, (4R, 5S) -4-甲基 -5-苯基 -2-噁唑烷酮;
嘧啶酮类手性辅基选自 S-2-叔丁基 -4-嘧啶酮, S-2-异丙基 -4-嘧啶酮。
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