WO2012064491A2 - Procédé pour diminuer l'épaisseur de couche d'adhérence et améliorer la résistance aux détériorations pour film diélectrique à k ultra-faible mince - Google Patents
Procédé pour diminuer l'épaisseur de couche d'adhérence et améliorer la résistance aux détériorations pour film diélectrique à k ultra-faible mince Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012064491A2 WO2012064491A2 PCT/US2011/057343 US2011057343W WO2012064491A2 WO 2012064491 A2 WO2012064491 A2 WO 2012064491A2 US 2011057343 W US2011057343 W US 2011057343W WO 2012064491 A2 WO2012064491 A2 WO 2012064491A2
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- mgm
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- porogen
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- GAURFLBIDLSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(methyl)silicon Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)OCC GAURFLBIDLSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-terpinene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)CC1 YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 furyl formate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3}-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenchone Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C1C2 LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BQOFWKZOCNGFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N carene Chemical compound C1C(C)=CCC2C(C)(C)C12 BQOFWKZOCNGFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100504388 Arabidopsis thaliana GFS12 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNAFSPCNATQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C=C ZLNAFSPCNATQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-XCBNKYQSSA-N (+)-Fenchone Natural products C1C[C@]2(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KAJRUHJCBCZULP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohepta-1,3-dien-1-ylcyclohepta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC=C1C1=CC=CCCC1 KAJRUHJCBCZULP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3},10$l^{3}-pentaoxapentasilecane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 PUNGSQUVTIDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SXYYZYIAINPSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-2-yloxy)furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1OC1=CC=CO1 SXYYZYIAINPSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJCUMMANAYUJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxy-1,4-dioxine Chemical compound C=COC1=COC=CO1 DJCUMMANAYUJFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HYYUMUJNNBKZFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,4-dioxine Chemical compound C=CC1=COC=CO1 HYYUMUJNNBKZFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQBUHYQVKJQAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylfuran Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CO1 QQBUHYQVKJQAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CCC2OC21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPMGYFSWCJZSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[SiH](C)O[SiH3] Chemical compound C[SiH](C)O[SiH3] BPMGYFSWCJZSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSTYNZDAOAEEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mayol Natural products CC1=C(O)C(=O)C=C2C(CCC3(C4CC(C(CC4(CCC33C)C)=O)C)C)(C)C3=CC=C21 WSTYNZDAOAEEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HDJLSECJEQSPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 2-Furancarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 HDJLSECJEQSPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006737 car-3-ene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930007927 cymene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- YEQMNLGBLPBBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N difurfuryl ether Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1COCC1=CC=CO1 YEQMNLGBLPBBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006735 fenchone Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JAGYXYUAYDLKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-2,5-diene Chemical compound CC=CCC=CC JAGYXYUAYDLKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical class C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FWITZJRQRZACHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[2-[methyl(silyloxy)silyl]propan-2-yl]-silyloxysilane Chemical compound C[SiH](O[SiH3])C(C)(C)[SiH](C)O[SiH3] FWITZJRQRZACHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ANKWZKDLZJQPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[[methyl(silyloxy)silyl]methyl]-silyloxysilane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH](C)C[SiH](C)O[SiH3] ANKWZKDLZJQPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOAJIYVOSJHEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl trimethoxysilyl silicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)O[Si](OC)(OC)OC XOAJIYVOSJHEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(methylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound C[SiH2]O[Si](C)(C)C UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWYPDXLJACEENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-cycloheptadiene Chemical class C1CC=CC=CC1 GWYPDXLJACEENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005513 bias potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical class [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
- H01L21/02216—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/401—Oxides containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/56—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02115—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material being carbon, e.g. alpha-C, diamond or hydrogen doped carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the fabrication of integrated circuits. More particularly, the embodiments relate to process for depositing low dielectric constant films for integrated circuits.
- One of the approaches that has been used to obtain an ultra low dielectric constant (k ⁇ 2.5) is to fabricate hybrid films of a silicon matrix and an organic porogen by depositing the hybrid films from a gas mixture comprising an organosilicon compound and a compound comprising thermally labile species or volatile groups (porogen) and then post-treat the deposited films with UV curing or thermal treatment to remove the thermally labile species or volatile groups of porogen from the deposited films, resulting in nanometer-sized voids in the films which lowers the dielectric constant of the films.
- the nanoporous films are known to have less adhesion to underlying barrier/liner layers than silicon oxides.
- Improvement of adhesion may be obtained by depositing an adhesion layer of oxide, which can enhance adhesion at the interface.
- an adhesion layer of oxide which can enhance adhesion at the interface.
- uncontrolled transition of both silicon and porogen flow in this gradient layer can cause undesirable gas phase reaction (due to variable changes of RF power, pressure, and flow rate etc.), causing particle clusters on the film or/and carbon bumps to form in the films or at the interfaces.
- Embodiments of the present invention generally provide a method for depositing an ultra low dielectric constant film with novel process parameters.
- the method includes flowing into the processing chamber a gas mixture comprising a flow rate of one or more organosilicon compounds and a flow rate of one or more porogen compounds to deposit an initiation layer (oxide layer) on the substrate by applying a radio frequency (RF) power to the processing chamber, ramping-up the flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds until reaching a final flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds to deposit a first transition layer on the initiation layer, and while flowing the final flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds, ramping-up the flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds until reaching a final flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds to deposit a second transition layer on the first transition layer, wherein the depositions are performed at a low RF power between about 350W and about 500W, and a ratio of the RF power to a total flow rate is between about
- the method includes providing a substrate bearing a liner/barrier layer, depositing a carbon-containing oxide adhesion layer over the liner/barrier layer at a deposition rate between about 1000 A/min and about 3500 A/min, comprising flowing into the processing chamber a gas mixture comprising a flow rate of one or more organosilicon compounds and a flow rate of one or more porogen compounds to deposit an initiation layer on the substrate by applying a radio frequency (RF) power level of about 300W to about 600W at 13.56MHz to the processing chamber, ramping-up the flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds until reaching a final flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds to deposit a first transition layer on the initiation layer, and while flowing the final flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds, ramping-up the flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds until reaching a final flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds to deposit a second transition layer on the first transition layer, depositing a low K film
- RF radio frequency
- Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view of a dielectric film stack formed according to embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 1 B is a close up of the cross-section of a portion of the film stack shown in Figure 1A.
- Figure 2 is a process flow diagram illustrating a method of depositing an ultra low K nanoporous film stack according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of an exemplary processing chamber that may be used for practicing embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 4 illustrates a depth profile of element concentrations in an organosilicate dielectric film stack by SIMS analysis.
- the present invention provides a method of depositing a low dielectric constant film.
- the low dielectric constant film comprises silicon, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon.
- Embodiments of the invention have been proved to be able to significantly lower the K impact (dielectric constant) of an adhesion layer to an ultra low dielectric constant film stack by reducing the thickness of the adhesion layer.
- the thickness non- uniformity for an ultra low dielectric film stack ⁇ 2kA is also reduced to less than 2%.
- the improved oxide adhesion layer is deposited at lower deposition rate and lower plasma density in combination with higher total flow rate, resulting in better packing/ordering of the co-deposited species during film deposition which causes higher mechanical strength and lower porosity.
- the improved adhesion layer provides high adhesion energy for better adhesion with ultra low dielectric constant films to underlying barrier/liner layers.
- the resulting low dielectric film has nanometer-sized pores and tighter pore-size distribution.
- the low dielectric constant film has a dielectric constant of about 3.0 or less, preferably about 2.5 or less.
- the low dielectric constant film may have an elastic modulus of at least about 6.5 GPa or above.
- FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dielectric film stack 100 formed according to embodiments of the present invention. While not shown here, it is contemplated that the dielectric film stack 100 of the present invention can be used as an inter-metal dielectric layer in a dual damascene structure, which may generally include one or more nanoporous inter-metal dielectric layers (not shown) and one or more etch stop layers (not shown) of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide that are deposited in an alternating or desired order.
- a dual damascene structure which may generally include one or more nanoporous inter-metal dielectric layers (not shown) and one or more etch stop layers (not shown) of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide that are deposited in an alternating or desired order.
- An anti-reflective coating (not shown) and a trench photomask (not shown) comprising a photoresist layer are then respectfully deposited over the deposited film layers and patterned by conventional photolithography techniques in a manner to develop a metallization structure to be filled with a desired metal such as copper.
- the dual damascene formation process may be repeated to deposit a desired number of interconnection levels.
- An exemplary dual damascene structure that may be benefited from the present invention is further. described in the commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 7,547,643 issued on June 16, 2009 to Francimar Schmitt et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the dielectric film stack 100 as shown in Figure 1A comprises a substrate 102 bearing a liner/barrier layer 104, which acts as an isolation layer between a subsequent adhesion layer 106 and the underlying substrate surface 103 and metal lines 108 formed on the substrate surface 103.
- a low K layer 1 10 is deposited over the adhesion layer 106, which is capped by a capping layer 1 12.
- FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram 200 illustrating a method of depositing a dielectric film stack 100 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a typical porous dielectric film requires simultaneous deposition of one or more organosilicon compounds, which becomes Si backbone, and one or more unsaturated non-silicon compounds having thermally labile groups, which acts as a sacrificial porogen.
- a substrate 102 bearing a liner/barrier layer 104 is positioned on a substrate support in a processing chamber capable of performing Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process.
- PECVD Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the liner/barrier layer 104 may be deposited by a PECVD process from a plasma comprising a organosilane compound, ammonia, oxygen and inerts.
- the deposition process can include a capacitively coupled plasma or both an inductively and a capacitively coupled plasma in the processing chamber according to methods known in the art.
- the plasma can be generated using inert gases, such as He, Ar, and N 2 .
- An inert gas such as helium is commonly used in the PECVD deposition to assist in plasma generation.
- a gas mixture having a composition including one or more organosilicon compounds, one or more porogen compounds, and one or more oxidizing gases is introduced into the processing chamber through a gas distribution plate, such as a showerhead.
- a gas distribution plate such as a showerhead.
- An initial gas composition of oxygen and/or helium may be introduced into the processing chamber before initiation of the RF power to stabilize the conditions for the subsequent depositions.
- the one or more organosilicon compounds are introduced into the chamber at a flow rate between about 200 milligrams/minute to about 5000 milligrams/minute, for example, between about 350 milligrams/minute and about 2500 milligrams/minute; the one or more oxidizing gases are introduced into the chamber at a flow rate between about 100 seem and about 1000 seem, for example, between about 125 seem and about 550 seem; and the one or more porogen compounds are introduced into the chamber at a flow rate between about 50 milligrams/minute to about 5000 milligrams/minute, for example, between about 150 grams/minute and about 1500 grams/minute.
- a radio-frequency (RF) power is applied to an electrode, such as the showerhead, in order to provide plasma processing conditions in the chamber.
- Suitable RF power may be a power in a range of about 10W to about 2000W, such as about 300W to about 600W at a frequency of about 13.56MHz.
- the gas mixture is reacted in the chamber in the presence of RF power to deposit an initiation layer 106a comprising an oxide layer that adheres strongly to the underlying liner/barrier layer 104.
- the gas mixture may optionally include one or more carrier gases.
- one or more carrier gases are introduced with the one or more organosilicon compounds and the one or more porogen compounds into the processing chamber.
- carrier gases include helium, argon, carbon dioxide, and combinations thereof.
- the helium gas are introduced into the chamber along with one or more organosilicon compound at a flow rate between about 1500 seem and about 8000 seem, for example, between about 3500 seem and about 5500 seem.
- helium gas are introduced into the chamber at a flow rate between about 300 seem and about 1800 seem, for example, between about 700 seem and about 1250 seem.
- the initiation layer 106a generally includes a silicon oxide layer. As will be discussed below, the initiation layer 106a and a first and second transition layers 106b, 106c ( Figure 1 B) constitute the adhesion layer 106 that enhances adhesion between the underlying liner/barrier layer 104 and the subsequent low K layer 1 10.
- the initiation layer deposition may have a time range of between about 0.5 seconds and about 10 seconds, as long as the deposition period is long enough to ensure cohesion of the entire film. In one example, the initiation layer deposition may last for about 1 second.
- the initiation layer 106a may be deposited to a thickness in a range of about 5 A to about 100 A, preferably about 10 A to about 50 A.
- the times for the various periods described in this disclosure may be adjusted depending on the needs of particular embodiments. For example, while a time range of about 0.5 seconds to about 10 seconds is described, in some embodiments, the initiation period may last for 0 seconds. An initiation period of 0 seconds means that changing flow rates of gas streams begins immediately upon introducing them to the chamber. Thus, embodiments with no initiation period are contemplated.
- a separate transition step is performed prior to deposition of the low K layer 1 10, to prevent any unwanted particle clusters from forming in the films due to undesirable gas phase reaction of both silicon and porogen flows occurring at the gas distribution plate. It has also been observed that the smooth transition of the liquids into the chamber can significantly reduce the occurrence of carbon bumps. These issues may be addressed by separating the transition of two liquid precursors (i.e., organosilicon compounds and porogen compounds) at a desired ramping rate. In a first period of the separate transition step 206, or simply referring to step 206, the flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds is gradually increased at a ramp-up rate between about 100 mgm/sec.
- first transition layer 106b (see Figure 1 B, which is a close up of the cross-section of the film stack shown in Figure 1A) on the initiation layer 106a until reaching a predetermined organosilicon compound gas mixture.
- a helium carrier gas the flow rate of the one or more organosilicon compounds and the helium gas may be decreased to a range between about 2500 seem and about 4000 seem.
- the first transition layer deposition may have a time range of between about 0.5 second and about 10 seconds. In one example, the first transition layer deposition time may be about 1 second.
- the first transition layer 106b may be deposited to a thickness in a range of about 10 A to about 300 A, for example, about 50 A to about 200 A.
- the flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds is gradually increased at a ramp- up rate between about 100 mgm/sec. and about 5000 mgm/sec, for example, between about 200 mgm/sec. and about 350 mgm/sec, such as about 300 mgm/sec, to deposit a second transition layer 106c ( Figure 1 B) onto the first transition layer 106b until reaching a predetermined final gas mixture.
- a helium carrier gas the flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds and helium gas may be increased to a range between about 800 seem and about 2000 seem.
- the second transition layer deposition may have a time range of between about 1 second and about 180 seconds. In one example, the second transition layer deposition time may be about 3 seconds.
- the second transition layer 106c may be deposited to a thickness in a range of about 10 A to about 600 A, preferably, about 100 A to about 400 A.
- the deposition periods of the initiation layer 106a and the first and second transition layers 106b, 106c preferably result in deposition of a thin portion 106 of the film stack (106a, 106b, 106c) as shown.
- This thin portion 106 of the film stack serves as an adhesion layer for better adhesion with ultra low dielectric constant films to underlying barrier/liner layers. In most embodiments, the thickness of this portion is reduced by almost half, e.g., less than about 200 Angstroms. Deposition of the thin portion 106 of the film stack (106a, 106b, 106c) may be achieved through relatively short duration and/or low deposition rate.
- the deposition rate for the thin portion of the film stack is between about 1000 Angstroms/minute to about 3500 Angstroms/minute, such as about 2500 Angstroms/minute.
- the thin portion 106 of the film stack constitutes significant portion of an ultra low K nanoporous film stack (106a, 106b, 106c, 110) having a thickness less than 2000 Angstroms
- the thickness non- uniformity for the dielectric film stack 100 can be reduced to less than 2% by lowering the thickness of the thin portion of the film stack.
- the reduced thickness of the thin portion 106 of the film stack (106a, 106b, 106c) minimizes the K impact to the overall nanoporous film stack.
- a plasma of the final gas mixture comprising a flow rate of one or more organosilicon compounds and a flow rate of the one or more porogen compounds is formed to deposit a porogen-containing organosilicate dielectric layer, i.e., the low K layer 1 10.
- the low K layer deposition may have a time range of between about 15 second and about 180 seconds. In one example, the final layer deposition time may be about 130 seconds.
- the low K layer 1 10 may be deposited to a thickness in a range of about 200 A to about 10,000 A until the RF power is terminated.
- organosilicon compounds and the porogen compounds by separating the ramp-up rates of the organosilicon compounds and the porogen compounds, a more stable and manufacturable process can be obtained, yielding organosilicate dielectric layers with significantly less defect issues, such as carbon bumps.
- step 208, depositing the second transition layer 106c may be combined with step 210, depositing the final porogen silicon oxide layer.
- the porogen compound flow rate is continuously ramped-up while flowing the predetermined organosilicon compound gas mixture during the porogen silicon oxide layer deposition.
- the combination of step 208 with step 210 may have a time range of between about 1 second and about 180 seconds.
- the final porogen silicon oxide layer may have a gradient concentration of porogen where the concentration of porogen in the silicon oxide layer increases as the porogen silicon oxide layer is deposited.
- This gradient layer may be deposited to a thickness in a range of about 50 A to about 10,000 A, preferably, about 100 A to about 5000 A, until the RF power is terminated.
- the substrate is typically maintained at a temperature between about 100°C and about 400°C, for example between about 200°C and about 350°C.
- the chamber pressure may be between about 1 Torr and about 20 Torr, for example between about 7 Torr and about 9 Torr, and the spacing between a substrate support and the chamber showerhead may be between about 200 mils and about 1500 mils, for example, between about 280 mils and about 450 mils.
- a RF power level of between about 100W and about 600W for a 300 mm substrate may be used.
- the RF power is provided at a frequency between about 0.01 MHz and 300 MHz, such as about 13.56 MHz.
- the RF power may be provided at a mixed frequency, such as at a high frequency of about 13.56 MHz and a low frequency of about 350 kHz.
- the RF power may be cycled or pulsed to reduce heating of the substrate and promote greater porosity in the deposited film.
- the RF power may also be continuous or discontinuous, depending upon application.
- lower plasma density in combination with higher total flow rate is used.
- a RF power level of between about 300W and about 600W for example, between about 350W and about 500W, may be used.
- a RF power/total flow rate of about 0.1 W/sccm to about 0.3 W/sccm is preferred.
- a RF power/total volume flow of about 0.2 W/cm 3 to about 0.5 W/cm 3 is preferred.
- total flow rate or “total volume flow” as used herein is intended to refer to the flows/volumes of the gas mixture and optional carrier gases introduced into the processing chamber during the deposition, as discussed previously. It has been observed by the present inventors that the use of lower plasma density in combination with higher total flow rate may allow for a denser packing of the co-deposited species during film deposition, resulting in higher mechanical strength, smaller pore size ( ⁇ 10 A), and tighter pore-size distribution. This leads to significant improvement in the mechanical integrity of the film by increasing the damage resistance of the film to subsequent device manufacturing processes.
- a porogen-containing organosilicate dielectric layer is deposited from a process gas mixture comprising an organosilicon compound and a porogen.
- the organosilicate layer may be used as a dielectric layer.
- the dielectric layer may be used at different levels within a dual damascene structure or a suitable device.
- the dielectric layer may be used as a premetal dielectric layer, an inter-metal dielectric layer, or a gate dielectric layer.
- the organosilicate layer deposited in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention has been proved to be able to provide a low dielectric constant less than 3.0, for example, about 2.5.
- the gas mixture includes one or more organosilicon compounds (e.g., a first and a second organosilicon compound), one or more porogen compounds, a carrier gas, and an oxidizing gas.
- organosilicon compounds e.g., a first and a second organosilicon compound
- porogen compounds e.g., a first and a second organosilicon compound
- carrier gas e.g., a carrier gas
- an oxidizing gas e.g., oxidizing gas.
- organosilicon compound as used herein is intended to refer to silicon-containing compounds including carbon atoms in organic groups.
- the organosilicon compound may include one or more cyclic organosilicon compounds, one or more aliphatic organosilicon compounds, or a combination thereof.
- organosilicon compounds include methyldiethoxysilane (mDEOS), tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS), trimethylsilane (TMS), pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, dimethyldisiloxane, tetrasilano-2,6-dioxy-4,8-dimethylene, tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS), 1 ,3-bis(silanomethylene)disiloxane, bis(1- methyldisiloxanyl)methane, bis(1-methyldisiloxanyl)propane, hexamethoxydisiloxane (HMDOS), dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS), and dimethoxymethylvinylsilane (DM
- the one or more organosilicon compounds may be introduced into the processing chamber at a flow rate in a range of about 200 milligrams/minute to about 5000 milligrams/minute, for example, between about 350 milligrams/minute and about 2500 milligrams/minute.
- the term "porogen compound” as used herein is intended to refer to compounds that comprise thermally labile groups.
- the thermally labile groups may be cyclic groups, such as unsaturated cyclic organic groups.
- the term "cyclic group” as used herein is intended to refer to a ring structure.
- the ring structure may contain as few as three atoms.
- the atoms may include carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and combinations thereof, for example.
- the cyclic group may include one or more single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, and any combination thereof.
- a cyclic group may include one or more aromatics, aryls, phenyls, cyclohexanes, cyclohexadienes, cycloheptadienes, and combinations thereof.
- the cyclic group may also be bi-cyclic or tri-cyclic.
- the cyclic group is bonded to a linear or branched functional group.
- the linear or branched functional group preferably contains an alkyi or vinyl alkyi group and has between one and twenty carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched functional group may also include oxygen atoms, such as in a ketone, ether, and ester.
- the porogen may comprise a cyclic hydrocarbon compound.
- Some exemplary porogens that may be used include norbornadiene (BCHD, bicycle(2.2.1)hepta-2,5-diene), 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethyl)-1 ,3-cyclohexadiene (ATP or alpha-Terpinene), vinylcyclohexane (VCH), phenylacetate, butadiene, isoprene, cyclohexadiene, bicycloheptadiene, 1-methyl-4- (l-methylethyl)-benzene (Cymene), 3-carene, fenchone, limonene, cyclopentene oxide, vinyl-1 ,4-dioxinyl ether, vinyl furyl ether, vinyl-1 ,4-dioxin, vinyl furan, methyl furoate, furyl formate, furyl acetate, furaldehyde, difuryl ketone, difuryl ether, difurfuryl ether, furan,
- the one or more porogen compounds may be introduced into the processing chamber at a flow rate in a range of about 50 milligrams/minute to about 5000 milligrams/minute, for example, between about 150 milligrams/minute and about 1500 milligrams/minute.
- the gas mixture may optionally include one or more carrier gases.
- one or more carrier gases are introduced with the one or more organosilicon compounds and the one or more porogen compounds into the processing chamber.
- carrier gases that may be used include helium, argon, carbon dioxide, and combinations thereof.
- the one or more carrier gases may be introduced into the processing chamber at a flow rate less than about 20,000 seem, depending in part upon the size of the interior of the chamber. Preferably the flow of carrier gas is in a range of about 500 seem to about 5000 seem.
- an inert gas such as helium or argon is put into the processing chamber to stabilize the pressure in the chamber before reactive process gases are introduced.
- the gas mixture also includes one or more oxidizing gases.
- Suitable oxidizing gases include oxygen (O 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and combinations thereof.
- the flow of oxidizing gas may be in a range of about 100 seem to about 3,000 seem, depending in part upon the size of the interior of the chamber. Typically, the flow of oxidizing gas is in a range of about 100 seem to about 1 ,000 seem, for example about 450 seem. Disassociation of oxygen or the oxygen containing compounds may occur in a microwave chamber prior to entering the deposition chamber and/or by RF power as applied to process gas within the chamber.
- the film is post-treated.
- the film may be post-treated with a thermal annealing, alone or assisted by UV radiation to remove the organic labile and create pore inclusions into the final material.
- the low dielectric constant film is post-treated with a UV curing process.
- the UV post-treatment may be performed in-situ within the same processing chamber or system, for example, transferred from one chamber to another without a break in vacuum.
- Exemplary UV post-treatment conditions that may be used include a chamber pressure of between about 1 Torr and about 10 Torr and a substrate support temperature of between about 350°C and about 500°C.
- the source of ultraviolet radiation may be between about 100 mils and about 1400 mils from the substrate surface.
- a processing gas may be introduced during the ultraviolet curing process.
- Suitable processing gases include oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), helium (He), argon (Ar), water vapor (H 2 O), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon gases, fluorocarbon gases, and fluorinated hydrocarbon gases, or combinations thereof.
- the UV radiation may be provided by any UV source, such as mercury microwave arc lamps, pulsed xenon flash lamps, or high-efficiency UV light emitting diode arrays.
- the ultraviolet radiation may comprise a range of ultraviolet wavelengths, and include one or more simultaneous wavelengths. Suitable ultraviolet wavelengths include between about 1 nm and about 400 nm, and may further include optical wavelengths up to about 600 or 780 nm. Additionally or alternatively, the ultraviolet radiation may be applied at multiple wavelengths, a tunable wavelength emission and tunable power emission, or a modulation between a plurality of wavelengths as desired, and may be emitted from a single UV lamp or applied from an array of ultraviolet lamps.
- UV lamps examples include a Xe filled ZeridexTM UV lamp, a Ushio Excimer UV lamp, a DSS UV lamp, or a Hg Arc Lamp.
- the deposited low dielectric constant film is exposed to the ultraviolet radiation for between about 10 seconds and about 600 seconds, for example between about 60 seconds and about 600 seconds.
- the UV radiation may have a wavelength of between about 170 nm and about 400 nm, for example. Further details of UV chambers and treatment conditions that may be used are described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 1 1/124,908, filed on May 9, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein.
- the NanoCureTM chamber from Applied Materials, Inc. is an example of a commercially available chamber that may be used for UV post-treatments.
- the low dielectric constant film is post-treated with a thermal or plasma enhanced annealing process.
- the film may be annealed at a temperature between about 200°C and about 400°C for about 2 seconds to about 1 hour, preferably about 30 minutes, in a chamber.
- a non-reactive gas such as helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, or a mixture thereof may be introduced at a rate of about 100 seem to about 10,000 seem.
- the chamber pressure is maintained between about 1 Torr and about 10 Torr.
- the RF power during the annealing is about 200 W to about 1 ,000 W at a frequency of about 13.56 MHz, and the preferable substrate spacing is between about 300 mils and about 800 mils.
- Annealing the low dielectric constant film at a substrate temperature of about 200°C to about 400°C after the low dielectric constant film is deposited volatilizes at least some of the organic groups in the film, forming voids in the film.
- the low dielectric constant film is post-treated with an electron beam treatment.
- exemplary electron beam conditions that may be used include a chamber temperature of between about 200°C and about 600°C, e.g. about 350°C to about 400°C.
- the electron beam energy may be from about 0.5 keV to about 30 keV.
- the exposure dose may be between about 1 ⁇ / ⁇ 2 and about 400 ⁇ /cm 2 .
- the chamber pressure may be between about 1 mTorr and about 100 mTorr.
- the gas ambient in the chamber may be any of the following gases: nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, argon, a blend of hydrogen and nitrogen, ammonia, xenon, or any combination of these gases.
- the electron beam current may be between about 0.15 mA and about 50 mA.
- the electron beam treatment may be performed for between about 1 minute and about 15 minutes.
- an exemplary electron beam chamber that may be used is an EBkTM electron beam chamber available from Applied Materials, Inc. of Santa Clara, CA.
- the e-beam curing process improves mechanical strength of the deposited film network and also lowers the k-value.
- the energized e-beam alters the chemical bonding in the molecular network of the deposited film and removes at least a portion of the molecular groups, such as organic components from the ring of the one or more oxygen-free hydrocarbon compounds comprising one ring and one or two carbon-carbon double bonds in the ring, from the film.
- the removal of the molecular groups creates voids or pores within the film, lowering the K value.
- Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional, schematic diagram of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber 300 for depositing a carbon-doped silicon oxide layer.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the deposition chamber 300 has a chamber body 302 that defines separate processing regions 318, 320. Each processing region 318, 320 has a pedestal 328 for supporting a substrate (not seen) within the chamber 300.
- the pedestal 328 typically includes a heating element (not shown).
- the pedestal 328 is movably disposed in each processing region 318, 320 by a stem 326 which extends through the bottom of the chamber body 302 where it is connected to a drive system 303.
- Internally movable lift pins are preferably provided in the pedestal 328 to engage a lower surface of the substrate. The lift pins are engaged by a lift mechanism (not shown) to receive a substrate before processing, or to lift the substrate after deposition for transfer to the next station.
- Each of the processing regions 318, 320 also preferably includes a gas distribution assembly 308 disposed through a chamber lid 304 to deliver gases into the processing regions 318, 320.
- the gas distribution assembly 308 of each processing region normally includes a gas inlet passage 340 through manifold 348 which delivers gas from a gas distribution manifold 319 through a blocker plate 346 and then through a showerhead 342.
- the showerhead 342 includes a plurality of nozzles (not shown) through which gaseous mixtures are injected during processing.
- An RF (radio frequency) supply 325 provides a bias potential to the showerhead 342 to facilitate generation of a plasma between the showerhead and the pedestal 328.
- the deposition process performed in the deposition chamber 300 can be either a non-plasma process on a cooled substrate pedestal 328 or a plasma enhanced process.
- a controlled plasma is typically formed adjacent to the substrate by RF energy applied to the showerhead 342 from RF power supply 325 (with pedestal 328 grounded).
- the RF power supply 325 can be provided to the pedestal 328, or to different components at different frequencies.
- the plasma may be generated using high frequency RF (HFRF) power, as well as low frequency RF (LFRF) power (e.g., dual frequency RF), constant RF, pulsed RF, or any other known or yet to be discovered plasma generation technique.
- the RF power supply 325 can supply a single frequency RF between about 5 MHz and about 300 MHz.
- the RF power supply 325 may also supply a low frequency RF between about 300 Hz to about 1 ,000 kHz to supply a mixed frequency to enhance the decomposition of reactive species of the process gas introduced into the process chamber.
- the RF power may be cycled or pulsed to reduce heating of the substrate and promote greater porosity in the deposited film.
- Suitable RF power may be a power in a range of about 10W to about 5000W, for example in a range of about 200W to about 600 W.
- Suitable LFRF power may be a power in a range of about 0W to about 5000W, for example in a range of about 0W to about 200W.
- a system controller 334 controls the functions of various components such as the RF power supply 325, the drive system 303, the lift mechanism, the gas distribution manifold 319, and other associated chamber and/or processing functions.
- the system controller 334 executes system control software stored in a memory 338, which in the preferred embodiment is a hard disk drive, and can include analog and digital input/output boards, interface boards, and stepper motor controller boards.
- Optical and/or magnetic sensors are generally used to move and determine the position of movable mechanical assemblies.
- the embodiments of the present invention demonstrate deposition of ultra low K nanoporous films having dispersed microscopic gas voids.
- the following process parameters and ranges are generally beneficial to main and/or adhesion layer deposition process:
- ramp-up rates for one or more organosilicon compounds and one or more porogen compounds in various transitions are generally between 800 mgm/sec and 1200 mgm/sec and between about 200 mgm/sec. and about 350 mgm/sec, respectively.
- only one of the flows of the organosilicon compounds and the porogen compounds is changing during various transition steps to prevent any defects in the films, as discussed previously.
- porogen-containing organosilicate dielectric layers were deposited on a substrate.
- the film was deposited using a PECVD chamber (i.e., CVD chamber) on a PRODUCER ® system, available from Applied Materials, Inc. of Santa Clara, California. During deposition the chamber pressure was maintained at a pressure of about 6.5 Torr and the substrate was maintained at a temperature of about 270°C.
- the substrate was positioned on a substrate support disposed within a process chamber. The substrate was positioned 450 mils from the chamber showerhead.
- the process gas mixture having an initial gas composition of 300 seem oxygen and 3800 seem helium was introduced into the chamber and flow rates stabilized before initiation of the RF power. Subsequently, a RF power level of about 600 W at 13.56 MHz was applied to the showerhead to form a plasma of a gas mixture including a methyldiethoxysilane (mDEOS) introduced into the chamber at a flow rate of about 600 mgm to deposit a silicon oxide initiation layer. After initiation of the RF power for about 1 second, the flow rate of mDEOS was increased to 2200 mgm. at a ramp-up rate of about 1000 mgm/sec. for about 1 second. In addition, the flow of helium was decreased to about 3000 seem.
- mDEOS methyldiethoxysilane
- a flow of BCHD was introduced into the chamber at a ramp-up rate of about 400 mgm/sec. for about 3 seconds to reach a porogen deposition flow rate of about 1300 mgm.
- the final gas mixture composition also includes 3000 seem helium and 225 seem oxygen.
- the RF power is terminated to stop further deposition. After RF power termination, the chamber throttle valve is opened to allow the process gas mixture to be pumped out of the chamber. The separate transition of the liquid precursors into the chamber reduces the defects in the films.
- a secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis was performed to analyze the depth profile of element concentrations in a dielectric film stack, as shown in Figure 4.
- the depth distribution of carbon shows a smooth phase shift of carbon in the films, suggesting that no carbon bumps occurred in the films using the exemplary process.
- Embodiments of the invention have been proved to be able to significantly lower the K impact of an oxide adhesion layer to an ultra low dielectric film stack by reducing the thickness of the adhesion layer that is deposited with novel process parameters.
- the thickness non-uniformity for an ultra low dielectric film stack ⁇ 2kA
- the improved oxide adhesion layer is deposited at lower deposition rate of about 2400A/min.
- the improved adhesion layer provides good enough adhesion energy (-4.5 J/m 2 ) for better adhesion with ultra low dielectric constant films to underlying barrier/liner layers.
- the resulting ultra low K nanoporous films has smaller pore radius of between about 7A and about 10A and tighter pore-size distribution with porosity in the range about 15% and about 25%.
Abstract
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CN2011800538803A CN103210479A (zh) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-10-21 | 用以降低超低k介电薄膜的黏着层厚度并提高抗破坏性的工艺 |
JP2013538761A JP2014503991A (ja) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-10-21 | 接着層の厚さを減少させ、薄い超低誘電率誘電体フィルムの耐損傷性を改良する方法 |
KR1020137015025A KR20130124511A (ko) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-10-21 | 얇은 초 저-k 유전체 막에 대한 접착 층 두께를 저감시키고 손상 내성을 개선하기 위한 프로세스 |
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US12/945,625 US20120121823A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Process for lowering adhesion layer thickness and improving damage resistance for thin ultra low-k dielectric film |
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- 2011-10-21 KR KR1020137015025A patent/KR20130124511A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-10-21 CN CN2011800538803A patent/CN103210479A/zh active Pending
- 2011-10-21 WO PCT/US2011/057343 patent/WO2012064491A2/fr active Application Filing
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WO2012064491A3 (fr) | 2012-08-16 |
TW201230192A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
KR20130124511A (ko) | 2013-11-14 |
CN103210479A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
JP2014503991A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
US20120121823A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
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