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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
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  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/88—Nitrogen atoms, e.g. allantoin
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D241/20—Nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/42—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
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  • C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
  • C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
  • C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
  • C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compounds for increasing glucokinase activities and their use in manufacturing a medicament.
• Glucokinase is one (hexokinase IV) of four mammal hexokinases. Hexokinases is a first-stage enzyme in glycolysis and catalyzes a reaction from glucose to glucose hexaphosphate. In its expression, glucokinase is limited essentially in liver and pancreas beta cells, and it controls the rate limiting step of glucose metabolism in these cells Thereby playing an important role in systemic saccharometabolism.
• Glucokinase in liver and that in pancreas beta cells differ from each other in point of the N-terminal 15 -amino acid sequence owing to the difference in splicing there between, but they are the same in point of the enzymatic property.
• the enzymatic activity of the other three hexokinases (I, II, III) than glucokinase is saturated at a glucose concentration of at most 1 mM, but Km glucokinase to glucose is 8 mM and near to a physiological blood-glucose level.
• mice in which the glucokinase gene was disrupted die soon after their birth, but on the other hand, normal or diabetic mice in which glucokinase wad excessively expressed have a lowered blood-glucose level.
• the reacting of pancreas beta cells and that of liver cells are both toward the reduction in a blood-glucose level, though differing from each other.
• Pancreas beta cells come to secrete more insulin, and liver takes up sugar to store it as glycogen therein and simultaneously reduces sugar release.
• glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis also in humans.
• blood-glucose level control by utilizing a glucokinase sensor system may be possible in many type-II diabetes patients.
• a glucokinase-activating substance may be expected to have an insulin secretion promoting effect in pancreas beta cells and have a sugar take-up accelerating and sugar release inhibiting activity in liver, And therefore it may be useful as a remedy for type-II diabetes patients.
• pancreas beta cell-type gulcokinase is limitedly expressed locally in rat brains, especially in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) thereof.
• VMH ventromedial hypothalamus
• About 20% neurocytes in VMH are referred to as glucose-resonsive neurons, and heretofore it has been considered they may play an important role in body weight control.
• glucose is administered to a rat brain, then it reduces the amount of ingestion; but when glucose metabolism is retarded through intracerebral administration of glucosamine, a glucose analogue, then it cause hyperphagia.
• glucose-responsive neurons are activated in accordance with a physiological glucose concentration change (5-20 mM), but when glucose metabolisns is inhibited by glucosamine or the like, and then their activity is retarted.
• a glucose-mediated mechanism is anticipated like the insulin secretion in pancreas beta cells. Accordingly, there may be a possibility that a substance for glucokinase activation in VMH, in addition to liver and pancreas beta cells, may be effective not only for blood-glucose level correction but also for solution of obedity that is problematic in many type-II diabetes patients.
• a compound having a glucokinase activation effect is useful for remedies and/or preventives for diabetes, or for remedies and/or preventives for chronic complications of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neurosis, ischemic cardiopathy, arterisclerosis, and further for remedies and/or preventives for obesity.
• the present invention provides compounds for increasing glucokinase activities and their use in manufacturing a medicament.
• the present invention provides a compound of the following Formula (I).
• the compound includes compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, solvates thereof, chelates thereof, non-covalent complexes thereof or, produgs of the compounds metioned above, or the mixture of any form above mentioned,
• W and Y are independently selected from N or C;
• X is selected from O or S
• Z is selected from C, N, O or S
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of: lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy or NR 6 R 7 ;
• R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of: -H, lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, or R 6 and R 7 can join together to from a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -H, alkanyl, substituted alkanyl, halogen or haloalkyl;
• R3 is selected from the group consisting of substituted alkanyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, cycloalkyl,substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituented heterocycloalkyl;
• R4 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl, wherein at least one ortho atom of the heteroaryl connected with NH fragment in Formula (I) is N.
• W is C.
• W is C and Y is C.
• W is C, Y is C and X is O.
• W is C, Y is C, X is O and Z is C.
• W is C and Y is N.
• W is C, Y is N and X is O.
• W is C, Y is N, X is O and Z is C.
• W is N.
• W is N and Y is C.
• W is N, Y is C and X is O.
• W is N, Y is C, X is O and Z is C.
• W is N and Y is N.
• W is N, Y is N and X is O.
• W is N, Y is N, X is O and Z is C.
• X is O.
• Y is C.
• Y is N.
• Z is N.
• Ri is selected from -H, lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, lower alkenyl, substituted lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, substituted lower alkynyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy.
• Ri is selected from -H, lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, lower alkenyl, substituted lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, substituted lower alkynyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy;
• R 2 is -H;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl; and
• R 4 is a 5- or 6-membered heteroarkyl.
• Ri is selected from:
• R 3 is selected from -H, Ci_ 3 alkanyl, substituted Ci_ 3 alkanyl, Ci_ 3 alkoxyl or substituted Ci_ 3 alkoxyl.
• Ri is -H.
• R 5 is selected from Ci_ 3 alkanyl, substituted Ci_ 3 alkanyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy, substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy or , wherein R 6 and R 7 are indepented selected from -H, lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, or R ⁇ and R 7 can join together to form a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring
• R 2 is -H
• R 3 is selected from cycloalkanyl, substituted cycloalkanyl, substituted cycloalkanyl,
• R 5 is NR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from -H, lower alkanyl, substituted lower alkanyl, or R ⁇ and R 7 can join together to form a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring.
• R 5 is Ci .3 alkanyl.
• the 3 to 6 membered ring or substituted 3 to 6 membered ring is a hetero ring which contains heroatoms selected from O or S.
• R 2 is -H.
• R 2 is selected from lower alkanyl or substituted lower alkanyl.
• R 2 is haloalkyl, with more preferably halomethyl, haloethyl or halopropyl.
• R 3 is selected from substituted lower alkanyl, lower alkenyl, substituted lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or substituted lower alkynyl.
• R 3 is selected from subustitued Ci_ 3 alkanyl, C 2 _ 4 alkenyl, or subustitued C 2 _ 4 alkenyl.
• R 3 is selected from cycloalkanyl, substituted cycloalkanyl, heterocycloalkyl or substituted heterocycloalkyl.
• R 3 is selected from:
• R4 is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl.
• the compound of the present invention is selected from:
• any one of compound of the present invention has a glucokinase activation EC50 value of 50 ⁇ or less in the presence of 5 mM glucose.
• the compounds of the the present invention has a glucokinase activation EC50 value of 5 ⁇ or less in the presence of 5mM glucose.
• the present invention also provides a method of modulating glucokinase levels or activities in animals or humans by administering to the subject at least one compound of Formular (I).
• the present invention further provides a method for treating and/or preventing type II diabetes or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formular (I).
• the present invention further provides a method for treating and/or preventing type I diabetes or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formular (I).
• the present invention further provides a method for treating and/or preventing obesity or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formular (I).
• the pesent invention also provides the use of the compound of Formular (I) of the present invention in manufacturing a medicament.
• the present invention provides the use of the compounds of Formular (I) in manufacturing a medicament for modulating glucokinase levels or activities in animals or humans.
• the present invention further provides the use of the compound of Forumular (I) in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of type II diabetes or related disease thereof.
• the present invention further provides the use of the compound in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of type I diabetes or related disease thereof.
• the present invention further provides the use of the compound in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity or related disease thereof.
• the present invention also furtuer provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or meore of compounds of Forumular (I), and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, adjuvant or carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or meore of compounds of Forumular (I), and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, adjuvant or carrier.
• the present invention further provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition in manufacturing a medicament.
• the present invention further provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition in manufacturing a medicament for modulating glucokinase levels or activities in animals or humans.
• the present invention further provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment or prevention of type II diabetes and/or related disease thereof.
• the present invention further provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment or prevention of type I diabetes and/or related disease thereof.
• the present invention further provides the use of the pharmaceutical composition in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity or related disease thereof.
• the present invention also further provides a method of modulating glucokinase levels or activities in animals or humans by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
• the present invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prevention of type II diabetes or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
• the invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prevention of type I diabetes or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amoun of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
• the present invention also provides a method for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity or related disease thereof, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
• C m _ n (where m and n are integers) refers to a radical inclusively containing from m number of carbon atoms to n number of carbon atoms.
• Ci_ 3 denotes a radical containing 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
• n membered or “n-membered” (where n are integers) refers to the atom numbers in a ring.
• pyridyl is a 6-membered aryl.
• alkyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the nomenclature “alkanyl”, “alkenyl” or “alkynyl” is used.
• Typical alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, propyls such as propan-l-yl, and propan-2-yl, butyls such as butan-l-yl, butan-2-yl, 2-methyl-propan-l-yl, 2-methyl-propan-2-yl, tert-butyl, and the like.
• an alkyl group comprises from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the term "lower alkyl" refers to an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Typical lower alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, s-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl or hexyl.
• Alkoxy refers to -OR in which R is an alkyl. Typical alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butyloxy, cyclohexyloxy and the like. As used herein the term “lower alkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Aryl refers to a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system.
• Aryl encompasses 5- and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example, benzene; bicyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, naphthalene, indane, and tetralin; and tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, fluorene.
• aryl includes 5- and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings fused to a 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring containing 1 or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.
• an aryl group can comprise from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Heteroaryl refers to a monovalent heteroaromatic group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single atom of a parent heteroaromatic ring system. Heteroaryl encompasses: 5- to 7-membered aromatic, monocyclic rings containing one or more, for example, from 1 to 4, or in certain embodiments, from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; and poly cyclic heterocycloalkyl rings containing one or more, for example, from 1 to 4, or in certain embodiments, from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one heteroatom is present in an aromatic ring.
• heteroaryl groups are C3-C10 heteroaryl, include but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, carbazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, purinyl and the like.
• heteroaryl and the aryl do not cross or include each other. Thereby, according to as defined above, if one or more full carbon aromatic ring fused with a heteroaryl is a heteroaryl, but not an aryl.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated, but non-aromatic, cyclic alkyl group. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the nomenclature “cycloalkanyl”, “cycloalkenyl” or “cycloalkynyl” is used. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and the like. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group can be C3-10 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C3-6 cycloalkyl.
• Heterocycloalkyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated, but non-aromatic, cyclic alkyl group in which one or more carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom and its associated hydrogen atoms, where appropriate.
• Typical heteroatoms to replace the carbon atom(s) include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, S, and Si. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the nomenclature “heterocycloalkanyl” or “heterocycloalkenyl” is used.
• Typical heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from epoxides, imidazolidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrolidine, quinuclidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl and the cycloalkyl do not cross or include each other.
• one or more full carbon hydrocarbon ring fused with a hererocycloalkyl to form a bi- or multi- or spiro-cyclic ring is still defined as a hererocycloalkyl.
• Halogen refers to fluorine (F), chlorine (CI), bromine (Br) or iodine (I) atoms.
• Halo refers to a fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo group.
• Substituted refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with the same or different substituent(s).
• the substituent(s) is independently selected from the group consisting of -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -OH, trifluromethoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, iso-propyloxy, n-butyloxy, isobutyloxy, t-butyloxy, -SCH 3 , -SC 2 H 5 , formaldehyde group, -C(OCH3), cyano, nitro, CF 3 ,-OCF 3 , amino, dimethylamino, methyl thio, sulfonyl and acetyl.
• Particularly preferred substituent(s) is -F, -CI or -Br.
• the "compound” of the present invention includes the compounds of Formula (I), and all pharmaceutically acceptable forms thereof.
• These pharmaceutically acceptable forms of the compounds include salts, solvates, non-covalent complexes, chelates, or produgs thereof, or the mixture of any form mentioned above.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to generally recognized for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom.
• the "therapeutically effective amount” can vary depending on the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be readily apparent to those skilled in the art or capable of determination by routine experimentation.
• the present invention provides compounds regulating the glucokinase level or activity in animal(s) or a human, and using these compounds to manufacture medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases associated with glucokinase level or activity.
• These compounds are characteristic of relatively simple structures, convenient preparation and outstanding therapeutic effect. As a potential drug with low cost and convenient administration, it can be more widely applied, be more of help to patients for treating diseases and improving life quality.
• the present invention is further exemplified, but not limited, by the following examples that illustrate the preparation of compounds of Formula (I) of the present invention.
• the mixture solution was cooled to below 0 ° C , and then 0.60g of 4 was add, and stirred for 30 min at rt.
• the reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saline water. After dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, the solvent was removed, and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 0.39g of 5, with a two-step yield of 74% .
• 0.39g of 5 was suspended in the solution of 0.88g ammonium chloride in 40mL water, and then heated to 90 ° C , 0.56g of Fe powder was added and stirred for 30 min.
• the reaction mixture was cool down to rt., and K 2 CO 3 was add, then extracted with ethyl acetate. After dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, the solvent was removed, and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 0.28g of 6, with a yield of 78%.
• the final assay volume was 200 uL and the final buffer conditions used in this assay were as follows: 25 mM HEPES, 5 mM glucose, 1 mM ATP, 2 mM MgC12, 1 mM NAD, 1 mM DTT, 8.5 U/mL G6PDH, 100 nM glucokinase, and 25 mM KCl.
• the buffer pH was 7.1.
• the mixture A was first made containing KCl, MgC12, DTT and Glucose in HEPES buffer.
• the mixture B was made containing NAD and ATP.
• the test compound in DMSO solution, the mixture A, the mixture B and G6PDH were first mixed in a 96-well plate.
• Glucokinase was then added to initiate the reaction, and the absorbance at 340 nm was monitored every 5 mins.
• the activity of glucokinase was represented by the initial generation rate of glucose-6-phosphate, which was calculated by drawing the slope values from the absorbance changing curve at 340 nm vs. the time points.
• Compounds of this invention have an EC50 value as measured using the assay described herein of less than 50 ⁇ .
• Compounds preferably have an EC50 in the range of ⁇ to 10 ⁇ , more preferably in the range of ⁇ to ⁇ ,
• the activity test results of some examples of the present invention are shown in Table II.
• mice were grouped based on fasting glucose levels, and then was orally given 30 mg/kg of test compounds. After 1 hr., the blood glucose levels were measured, and then a glucose dose of 2 g/kg was given, and the blood glucose levels were monitored at 30 mins., 60 mins. and 120 mins. The glucose levels vs. the time points were drawn to show the glucose tolerance capabilities.
• the test results of some examples of the present invention are shown in Figure 1.

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