Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
  • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
  • C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
  • C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
  • C08F220/281—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing only one oxygen, e.g. furfuryl (meth)acrylate or 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate

Definitions

• the invention relates to a copolymer based on an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and to a copolymer compound comprising the copolymer and a toughening modifier and to processes for their preparation.
• Water-soluble polymers are nowadays of particular importance as raw materials, half-parts or finished parts in many technical fields.
• water-soluble polymers can be subdivided into natural polymers such as, for example, proteins and polysaccharides, semisynthetic polymers (processed or modified natural polymers) such as, for example, cellulose and starch derivatives, and fully synthetic polymers.
• natural polymers such as, for example, proteins and polysaccharides
• semisynthetic polymers such as, for example, cellulose and starch derivatives
• fully synthetic polymers are polymers which are synthesized starting from low molecular weight starting materials, so-called monomers.
• water-soluble polymers are particularly important in the field of medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, paper processing, water treatment, oil production, adhesives and the polyelectrolyte te importance.
• acrylic polymers such as polyacrylic acid are used to make hydrogels and superabsorbents.
• Polyacrylamide plays an important role in water purification and petroleum production. In addition, it is also used as a flocculant.
• Polymethacrylic acid is used, for example, in cosmetics and as a tanning agent. - -
• Vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol are used in particular for the production of adhesives and emulsifiers. In addition, they are also important for the paper and textile industry.
• polymers polyvinylamine, polyvinylmethylether, polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers are used for example for adhesives, eye drops and blood plasma substitutes.
• Polyvinylmethylacetamide and polyvinylsulfonic acid are mainly used in hair cosmetics and as catalyst materials.
• Polyoxides, polyimines, polyethyleneimines, polyethyleneamines are preferred ion exchange materials and are also used in paper processing.
• Polyoxyethylene is a component of many cosmetics and toothpaste. In addition, polyoxyethylene is also used in the field of biomedicine.
• Polyethylene oxazoline is used in medicine as well as in the production of adhesives.
• polyamide sulfonates are used for drilling fluids and cementing wells.
• water-soluble, fully synthetic polymers described above have the disadvantage that they are only limited or not melt-processable, or at least not without the risk of decomposition.
• a co-polymer or terpolymer soluble in aqueous alkali and a compound based thereon are known from EP 0 928 316 B1. - -
• This object is achieved by a copolymer based on an ⁇ -ß-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, preferably of acrylic acid, wherein the copolymer has a molecular weight or molar mass (M) ⁇ (speaking: smaller) 100 000 g / mol.
• a copolymer should in principle be understood as meaning a polymer which is composed of two or more different monomer types or monomer units.
• the molecular weight or molar mass of the copolymer is preferably expressed in terms of weight average according to the present invention.
• the weight average is generally one of the most important parameters of a polymer or macromolecular substance in addition to the numerical, centrifuge and viscosity average. For its description, the so-called weight fraction Wj is first defined:
• the weight fraction Wj indicates the proportion by weight of polymer molecules or macromolecules in a sample which consist of repeating units (for example monomer units) which have molar mass Mj and which occur Nj times in the sample.
• M w ⁇ Wi Mi
• the weight average of a polymer sample is at the molecular weight whose polymer molecules make up the largest relative proportion in the sample in terms of mass.
• the molecular weight of the copolymer of the invention is preferably determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• a copolymer based on an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or synthesized mainly from monomers of an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably prepared by solution polymerization and has a molecular weight of ⁇ 100,000 g / mol has, can be processed thermoplastically without problems, and in particular in a neutral aqueous environment soluble, but at least disintegratable, is.
• a water-soluble copolymer is to be understood as meaning a completely, predominantly or only partially soluble copolymer in water.
• a water-disintegratable copolymer is to be understood as meaning in particular a copolymer which is swellable, suspendable, dispersible or removable in water by means of water, for example flushable, washable or the like.
• the copolymer is a complete, but at least predominantly, water-soluble copolymer.
• the copolymer is soluble in water or disintegratable in water which has a pH of from 5 to 13, preferably from 6 to 8, more preferably from 6.5 to 7.5, particularly preferably from approx. - -
• the copolymer is soluble or disintegratable in an aqueous neutral pH environment. Additionally or alternatively, however, the copolymer may also be soluble or at least disintegratable in an aqueous acidic and / or aqueous alkaline or basic environment.
• the copolymer is soluble in water at room temperature or disintegratable in water.
• the molar mass or molar mass of the copolymer is between 25,000 g / mol and 90,000 g / mol, in particular 30,000 g / mol and 85,000 g / mol, preferably 35,000 g / mol and 75,000 g / mol.
• the copolymer is based on an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
• copolymer based on an ⁇ -.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid in the context of the present invention means that the ⁇ -.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is the main component of the copolymer and preferably has a weight fraction of> (spoken: greater) 50% by weight. , based on the total weight of the copolymer.
• the ⁇ -ß-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid has in a further embodiment, a weight fraction of between 60 wt .-% and 95 wt .-%, in particular 70 wt .-% and 90 wt .-%, preferably 75 wt .-% and 85 wt. -%, based on the total weight of the copolymer. - -
• the copolymer is preferably based on acrylic acid (propenoic acid or according to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry): prop-2-enoic acid).
• the copolymer preferably has a comonomer.
• a comonomer is to be understood as meaning a monomer which, in addition to the ⁇ -.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, participates in the synthesis of the copolymer or is used for the synthesis of the copolymer.
• the comonomer is preferably an ester of an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
• a copolymer is obtained whose glass transition temperature (T g ) has been lowered so far in that melting of the copolymer below its decomposition temperature is possible.
• T g glass transition temperature
• the copolymer can be processed with particular advantage thermoplastically and in particular by means of shaping processes such as extrusion, injection molding or the like can be processed further.
• the ester is particularly preferably an alkyl and / or alkoxyalkyl ester of an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
• the ester has an alcohol radical, preferably a linear alcohol radical, particularly preferably a linear and aliphatic alcohol radical having a carbon number of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms , - -
• the ester of the ⁇ -.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is in a further embodiment selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, alkoxyalkyl acrylates, epoxyalkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, alkoxyalkyl methacrylates, epoxyalkyl methacrylates and mixtures thereof.
• the ester of the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid may be selected from the group comprising methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxybutyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate , Ethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxybutyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof.
• Alkyl acrylates in particular butyl acrylate, are particularly preferred as comonomer, since the copolymer hereby becomes softer, which is advantageous for many uses, in particular for the uses listed below.
• the ester of the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid has a weight fraction of between 5% by weight and 40% by weight, in particular 10% by weight and 30% by weight, preferably 15% by weight. and 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
• the copolymer of the present invention is a copolymer of the ⁇ -.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, which is preferably acrylic acid, and a further monomer or a comonomer.
• the copolymer is composed of only two different monomer units, of which one monomer unit is the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, preferably acrylic acid.
• a copolymer of the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid preferably acrylic acid
• an ester of an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid preferably acrylic acid
• the copolymer is present as a solution copolymer or solution copolymer.
• a solution copolymer or solution copolymer is to be understood as meaning a copolymer which is synthesized or prepared by solution polymerization.
• the advantage of a solution polymerization is in particular that the resulting copolymer is characterized by a narrow molecular weight distribution and in particular by a low molecular weight. Due to the lower molar mass, the copolymer has with particular advantage better water solubility or disintegratability in water, as a result of which the processability and, in particular, possible uses of the copolymer are considerably improved.
• the copolymer is amorphous, preferably completely amorphous.
• the copolymer is with particular advantage a melt processable copolymer.
• the copolymer is thermoplastically processable, in particular up to a temperature of 200 ° C, preferably up to a temperature of 220 ° C, more preferably up to a temperature of 240 ° C.
• thermoplastically processable in particular up to a temperature of 200 ° C, preferably up to a temperature of 220 ° C, more preferably up to a temperature of 240 ° C.
• the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (T G ) between 60 ° C and 140 ° C, in particular 80 ° C and 120 ° C, preferably 100 ° C and 120 ° C, on.
• T G glass transition temperature
• a glass transition temperature> 100 ° C is preferred according to the invention.
• the copolymer has the highest possible melt flow index, since the fluidity of the copolymer is generally impaired by the thermal stress.
• the melt flow index (MFI), measured in g / 10 min, is generally used to characterize the flow behavior of a thermoplastic under certain pressure and temperature conditions.
• the melt flow index generally represents a measure of the viscosity of a polymer melt, from which in particular the molar mass distribution, for example in terms of weight average, of the polymer can be concluded.
• the melt flow index is usually determined by means of a capillary rheometer, wherein the polymer, usually present as a granulate or powder, is melted in a heatable cylinder and pressed under a pressure resulting from a contact load through a defined nozzle or capillary. Determined here is the exiting volume or the exiting mass of the polymer melt (the so-called extrudate) as a function of time.
• the copolymer according to the present invention preferably has a melt flow index between 5 g / 10 min and 50 g / 10 min, in particular 10 g / 10 min and 45 g / 10 min, preferably 15 g / 10 min and 30 g / 10 min ,
• the copolymer has a molecular nonuniformity between 2 and 5, in particular 2 and 4, preferably 2 - - and 3, has.
• the molecular non-uniformity (breadth of the molecular weight distribution) is to be understood as meaning the quotient of the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer and the number average molecular weight of the copolymer.
• the molecular non-uniformity represents a measure of the viscoelastic properties or of the fluidity of the copolymer.
• the number average molecular weight (M n ) mentioned in the previous paragraph represents another important parameter for a polymer or a macromolecular substance and can be defined by the following formula: where Nj is the number of polymer or macromolecules in a sample with exactly one repeating units and the molecular weight M.
• the copolymer is free of intramolecular anhydride structures or substantially free of intramolecular anhydride structures.
• the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid according to the present invention is acrylic acid, since the carboxyl groups of the acrylic acid only above the processing temperatures typical for polyacrylic acid, in particular only at a temperature of 270 ° C, tend to intramolecular anhydride formation.
• the copolymer In order to make the copolymer more flexible or to increase the flexibility of the copolymer, it may further be preferred according to the invention for the copolymer to be provided with an impact modifier or compounding agent. - -
• the impact modifier usually does not affect the glass transition temperature of the copolymer, but at least not significantly.
• the impact modifier causes a decrease in the MFI of the copolymer.
• this may increase the water solubility of the copolymer or the disintegratability of the copolymer in water.
• the copolymer is provided or compounded with an anti-carboxyl reactive impact modifier.
• the impact modifier in a further embodiment, has carboxyl-reactive groups selected from the group consisting of epoxy groups, amino groups, primary amine groups, secondary amine groups, tertiary amine groups, and combinations thereof. Preference is given to an epoxy and / or amino groups, more preferably an epoxy groups, having impact modifier.
• the impact modifier comprises epoxy group-bearing monomer units such as, for example, glycidyl acrylate and / or glycidyl methacrylate monomer units.
• the impact modifier can furthermore have a weight fraction of monomer units carrying epoxy groups of not more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 6% by weight, particularly preferably not more than 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the impact modifier.
• the impact modifier is in a further advantageous embodiment, at least partially, in particular only partially, covalently with - -
• Carboxyl groups of the copolymer in particular with carboxyl groups of the ⁇ -ß-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, linked.
• the covalent linkage is preferably based on the formation of ester and / or amide groups.
• the impact modifier is usually a polymer, in particular a co- or terpolymer.
• the impact modifier is preferably selected from the group comprising styrene block copolymers, styrene block terpolymers, copolymers having a core-shell structure (core-shell structure), terpolymers having a core-shell structure (core-shell structure), epoxy groups copolymers, maleic anhydride group-containing terpolymers, ethylene copolymers, butadiene block terpolymers, thermoplastic polyesters, polybutadiene or copolymers or terpolymers thereof, nitrile-butadiene rubber and mixtures, in particular blends, thereof.
• Suitable styrene block copolymers or styrene block terpolymers may for example be selected from the group comprising styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-ethylene-butadiene terpolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block terpolymer, styrene-isoprene-butadiene terpolymer and mixtures, in particular Blends, of it.
• Suitable co- or terpolymers with a core-shell structure or core-shell structure can be selected, for example, from the group comprising styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butadiene-methyl methacrylate terpolymer and mixtures, in particular blends. Preference is given to copolymers and / or terpolymers having a core-shell structure whose core has polybutadiene and / or a copolymer comprising butadiene and / or styrene. - -
• Suitable copolymers containing maleic anhydride groups are selected, for example, from the group consisting of methyl acrylate / maleic anhydride copolymer, vinyl acetate / maleic anhydride copolymer and mixtures, in particular blends.
• Suitable impact modifiers are, for example, copolymers which comprise ethoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxybutyl acrylate, ethoxy methacrylate or mixtures thereof (as monomer units).
• a particularly preferred impact modifier is a terpolymer comprising ethylene, butyl acrylate (butyl acrylate) and glycidyl methacrylate monomer units.
• Another preferred impact modifier is a terpolymer comprising ethylene, vinyl acetate and glycidyl methacrylate monomer units.
• the impact modifier has in a further advantageous embodiment, a weight fraction of between 10 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, in particular 12 wt .-% and 30 wt .-%, preferably 15 wt .-% and 25 wt .-%, on , based on the total weight of the copolymer provided with the impact modifier.
• the copolymer can be provided or compounded with further additives, for example plasticizers, dispersants, lubricants, fillers, stabilizers, dyes or the like.
• Suitable plasticizers are, for example, from the group consisting of dialkyl phthalates, cycloalkyl phthalates, benzyl and / or aryl phthalates, alkoxy phthalates, alkyl and / or aryl phosphates, carboxylic acids. - - esters, polyglycol esters, adipic acid esters, citric acid esters, glycerol esters and mixtures thereof.
• the copolymer is provided or compounded with no further additives, in particular with no dispersant and / or lubricant.
• the invention further comprises a process for the preparation of the copolymer in which an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, preferably acrylic acid, and a comonomer, preferably an ester of an ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, are copolymerized in solution.
• the copolymer is produced by solution polymerization.
• the solution polymerization has the general advantage that the heat of reaction that results can be easily removed and, moreover, continuous process control is possible.
• the ⁇ - ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and the comonomer are preferably dissolved in a solvent.
• the solvent is expediently a low-boiling solvent, in particular a solvent having a boiling point below 100 ° C. (under normal or standard conditions). Solvent mixtures can also be used. Preferred solvents are alcohols such as, for example, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol or mixtures thereof.
• the solution usually has a suitable polymerization initiator, in particular a free-radical initiator.
• - - ter as for example Diiauryiperoxid or Dibenzoyiperoxid (DBPO) on.
• regulators may, for example, be selected from the group comprising mercaptans such as, for example, 1-dodecanethiol, halomethanes such as, for example, trichloromethane and / or tetrachloromethane, aldehydes, acetals, ⁇ -methylstyrene dimers and mixtures thereof.
• the copolymerization is carried out in a further embodiment at a temperature which substantially corresponds to the boiling point of the solvent used, in particular in a temperature range between 45 ° C and 130 ° C, preferably 50 ° C and 120 ° C, particularly preferably 60 ° C and 100 ° C.
• Another aspect of the present invention relates to a copolymer compound comprising the copolymer of the invention and an impact modifier.
• a copolymer compound is to be understood as meaning a mixture of the copolymer with at least one impact modifier. According to the invention, it can therefore be provided that the compound is provided or compounded with further additives, in particular with additives of the type already described, in addition to the impact modifier.
• the copolymer compound is biphasic in a preferred embodiment.
• the biphasic nature of the compound is usually due to the incompatibility of the copolymer and toughening modifier with one another as melts, i. not miscible with each other.
• the copolymer is preferably in the form of a continuous phase and the impact modifier is in the form of a discontinuous, preferably finely dispersed, phase.
• the impact modifier preferably has a weight fraction between 10 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, in particular 12 wt .-% and 30 wt .-%, preferably 15 wt .-% and 25 wt .-%, based on on the total weight of the compound.
• the copolymer in the copolymer compound has a glass transition temperature that is equal to or substantially equal to the glass transition temperature of the non-compounded copolymer.
• the term "essentially the same” means at this point that a temperature deviation of -5 ° C to + 5 ° C may be possible in principle.
• the copolymer compound has at least two, in particular two, glass transition temperatures. of which one glass transition temperature is due to the copolymer and the other glass transition temperature to the impact modifier.
• the copolymer compound has a lower melt flow index than the uncompounded copolymer.
• the copolymer compound may have a melt flow index between 1.5 g / 10 min and 20 g / 10 min, in particular 2 g / 10 min and 17 g / 10 min, preferably 2 g / 10 min and 12 g / 10 min.
• the copolymer compound has better solubility in an aqueous, pH-neutral environment and / or aqueous, alkaline environment than the non-compounded copolymer.
• the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the copolymer compound, in which a copolymer according to the invention is melt-mixed with an impact modifier under the action of shearing forces, wherein the ratio of copolymer and impact modifier is preferably chosen such that the copolymer is the continuous one Phase and the impact modifier forms the discontinuous phase.
• copolymer and impact modifier in the solid state are preferably premixed and then melted together.
• the melting can already take place with mutual mixing.
• two-screw extruders in particular those with co-rotating screws, can be used for the mixing.
• the particle size of the impact modifier can be adjusted by selecting the mixing temperature, the mixing time and the shear forces acting on the melt. - - will be.
• the shear forces depend in particular on the geometry of a mixer, for example on the screw geometry of an extruder, on the rotational speed of a mixer and / or the temperature and thus the viscosity of the melt.
• a dispersing agent such as a silicone oil
• Another important factor is the time, which is preferably kept as short as possible and is usually less than 10 minutes.
• the impact modifier has a lower melting temperature than the copolymer and therefore begins to melt first during heating.
• the copolymer and impact modifier are preferably mixed at a temperature in the range between 170.degree. C. and 240.degree. C., in particular 180.degree. C. and 230.degree. C., preferably 190.degree. C. and 210.degree.
• a dispersant may be added to accelerate fine dispersion.
• Catalysts are preferably not added to limit the amount of reaction between the copolymer and the impact modifier. However, to limit such a reaction, a lubricant may be added, especially towards the end of the mixing process.
• the copolymer compound or the copolymer on which the compound is based can basically be in the form of powder, granules, hemi-part, finished part, deep-drawn part, injection molded part, extrusion article, strand, profile or film, for example packaging film.
• the copolymer is particularly preferably in the form of water-soluble support material or water-soluble Support matrix, in particular for use in the field of rapid prototyping (rapid prototyping), in particular for use in three-dimensional printing processes (3D Printing) before.
• Three-dimensional printing processes are generally understood to mean the production of three-dimensional objects from polymers, wherein the three-dimensionality of the objects is generated by means of computer-aided design data stored on computers.
• a 3-liter, 2-liter flask equipped with a glass thermometer, a snake cooler and a stirrer was placed in a thermobath. Thereafter, the flask was charged with 200 g of ethanol, 40 g of butyl acrylate, 160 g of acrylic acid and 1, 5 g of ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer.
• the thermal bath was heated to a temperature of about 83 ° C and the stirrer to a stirring speed of 160 revolutions / min. (UPM).
• UPM revolutions / min.
• the addition of 3 g of Perkadox LB 75 (initiator) The melt temperature rose in the following 30 minutes to a maximum of 83 ° C and then dropped back to a temperature of 77 ° C.
• the copolymer prepared in this way had the following properties: - -
• PAA polyacrylamide
• PAS polyacrylic acid
• Table 1 shows that water-soluble acrylate polymers known in the art have the disadvantage of being unstable at their processing temperatures.
• copolymers according to the invention are particularly advantageously characterized in that they are melt-processable without problems and additionally water-soluble, but are at least disintegratable in water (see also Tables 2 and 3 below).
• MEA methoxyethyl acrylate
• MMA methyl methacrylate - -
• Tg Glass transition temperature
• the percentage of free carboxyl groups given in Table 3 above refers to the total weight of the copolymer.
• the width of the molecular weight distribution d given in Table 3 above is the ratio of molecular weight or molecular weight and number-average molecular weight or number-average molecular weight. , -
• melt flow index MFI The melt flow index MFI given in Table 3 above was measured at a temperature of 200 ° C and a load of 10 kg.
• the molecular weights of the copolymers according to the invention were determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the elution volume of the copolymers dissolved in THF being compared with the elution volume of a calibration polymer dissolved in THF. Chromatography columns used were Shodex GPC columns and a Kontron HPLC UV detector 430 (standard: PSS Ready Cal standards, high molecular weight from Polymer Standards Service, Mainz molecular sieve Union Carbide type 4A, PSS Win-GPC evaluation).

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