WO2012055215A1 - 一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2012055215A1
WO2012055215A1 PCT/CN2011/072775 CN2011072775W WO2012055215A1 WO 2012055215 A1 WO2012055215 A1 WO 2012055215A1 CN 2011072775 W CN2011072775 W CN 2011072775W WO 2012055215 A1 WO2012055215 A1 WO 2012055215A1
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cold
silicon steel
oriented silicon
temperature
rolled
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PCT/CN2011/072775
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王子涛
王波
谢世殊
金冰忠
马爱华
邹亮
朱雨华
胡瞻源
陈晓
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宝山钢铁股份有限公司
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Priority to MX2012006680A priority Critical patent/MX2012006680A/es
Priority to EP11835489.3A priority patent/EP2508629A4/en
Priority to KR1020127015086A priority patent/KR101404101B1/ko
Priority to JP2012542352A priority patent/JP2013513724A/ja
Priority to RU2012124187/02A priority patent/RU2527827C2/ru
Publication of WO2012055215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012055215A1/zh
Priority to US13/492,984 priority patent/US20120285584A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing non-oriented silicon steel, and more particularly to a method for producing a high magnetic induction non-oriented silicon steel. Background technique
  • Non-oriented silicon steel is an important magnetic material and is widely used in various fields such as motors and compressors.
  • the silicon content is less than 6.5%
  • the aluminum content is less than 3%
  • C% is less than 0.1%
  • the performance indicators mainly include material iron loss, magnetic induction and magnetic anisotropy.
  • the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel are affected by various factors such as material composition, thickness, and heat treatment process.
  • a lower silicon content is generally used to lower the material resistivity, and at the same time, a high hot-rolled sheet is used to normalize the temperature, and the normalizing temperature is even as high as 1000 °C.
  • the recrystallized structure of the non-oriented silicon steel normalized plate is fine. The fine normalized structure makes the texture of the Okl ⁇ surface in the final annealed sheet low and the corresponding magnetic induction is low.
  • the annealing process is also a key factor affecting the magnetic induction of the material.
  • Appropriate soaking temperatures and holding times are usually used to obtain annealed sheets of appropriate grain size. If the soaking temperature is high, the holding time is long, and the grain of the annealed sheet is coarse, the texture of the (111 ⁇ plane will be enhanced, resulting in a decrease in magnetic inductance; but if the grain diameter is small, the hysteresis loss of the material is too large. Increased motor losses in end use.
  • the rapid heating annealing method can suppress the recovery process, and at the same time obtain the (110 ⁇ and (100 ⁇ surface texture cores to effectively improve the magnetic induction of the material.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing high magnetic induction non-oriented silicon steel, which can produce high magnetic induction non-oriented electrical steel by using hot rolling plate light pressing measures and rapid heating annealing of cold rolled plate under the premise of ensuring iron loss. .
  • a method for manufacturing a high magnetic induction non-oriented silicon steel comprising the following steps:
  • Non-oriented silicon steel chemical composition weight percentage Si: 0.1 ⁇ 1%, A1: 0.005 ⁇ 1%, C ⁇ 0.004%, Mn: 0.10 ⁇ 1.50%, P ⁇ 0.2%, S ⁇ 0.005%, N ⁇ 0.002%,
  • the billet heating temperature is 1150 ° C ⁇ 1200 ° C, after hot soaking, hot rolling, hot rolling finishing temperature 830 ⁇ 900 ° C, under ⁇ 570 temperature conditions;
  • the normalized plate is pickled, and then subjected to cold rolling of a cumulative reduction of 70 to 80% in multiple passes, and rolled into a cold-rolled plate of a target thickness.
  • Annealing rapid heating annealing of cold-rolled cold-rolled sheet, heating rate ⁇ 100° ⁇ /8, heating to 800 ⁇ 1000°C, holding time 5 ⁇ 60s, then 3 ⁇ 15°C/s The cooling rate is slowly cooled to 600 ⁇ 750 °C ;
  • the annealing atmosphere is (volume ratio 30% ⁇ 70%) 3 ⁇ 4+ (volume ratio 70% ⁇ 30%)
  • the main factors affecting the magnetic induction strength B 25 and B 5Q of non-oriented silicon steel are chemical composition and crystal texture.
  • the amount of silicon, aluminum or manganese increases, the material resistivity increases, and B 25 and B 5Q decrease.
  • the ideal crystal texture is (100) [uvw] surface texture because it is isotropic and the hard magnetization direction [111] is not on the rolling surface. This single face texture is not actually available.
  • the texture is only about 20%, which is basically a non-oriented chaotic texture, that is, magnetic isotropic. Therefore, adjusting the composition and improving the manufacturing process to make the (100) component strengthening and the (111) component weakening are important ways to increase the magnetic induction B 25 and B 5Q .
  • composition design of the present invention mainly considers the following points:
  • Si soluble in ferrite to form a replacement solid solution, increase matrix resistivity, reduce iron loss, is the most important alloying element of electrical steel, but Si deteriorates magnetic induction.
  • the present invention focuses on an ultra-high magnetic non-oriented silicon steel. Therefore, the Si content is low, 0.1 to 1%.
  • A1 It is also a resistivity-increasing element. It is soluble in ferrite to increase the matrix resistivity, coarsen the grain, and reduce the iron loss, but it also reduces the magnetic inductance. A1 content exceeding 1.5% will make smelting casting difficult, magnetic induction is lowered, and processing is difficult.
  • Mn Compared with Si and A1, it can increase the electrical resistivity of steel and reduce the magnetic induction. However, Mn can reduce the iron loss and form a stable MnS with the inevitable inclusion S to eliminate the magnetic damage of S. Therefore, it is necessary to add a content of 0.1% or more.
  • the Mn of the present invention is from 0.10% to 1.50%.
  • adding a certain amount of phosphorus to the steel can improve the workability of the steel sheet.
  • C, N, Nb, V, Ti are all magnetic disadvantageous elements, and C ⁇ 0.004% is required in the present invention.
  • the slab heating temperature should be lower than the solid solution temperature of the steel inclusions MnS and A1N.
  • the heating temperature is set to 1150 ° C to 1200 ° C
  • the hot rolling finishing temperature is 830 to 900 ° C
  • the coiling temperature is ⁇ 570 ° C, which can ensure that the inclusions are not solid solution and obtain coarse hot rolled plate crystal. grain.
  • the proper leveling of the hot rolled sheet is a key factor for obtaining ultra high magnetic induction non-oriented silicon steel in the invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for producing a non-oriented silicon steel having an ultra-high magnetic sensation. Therefore, in the chemical component, the content of silicon and aluminum is low.
  • the lack of grain growth elements such as silicon and aluminum leads to the inability of the grains to grow normally during the normalization of the hot rolled sheet.
  • low-silicon non-oriented silicon steel is prone to recrystallization during hot rolling. Therefore, there are many fine equiaxed recrystallized grains in the hot-rolled sheet structure, and the rolled fiber structure is few.
  • the main purpose of hot-rolled sheet normalization and pre-annealing is to improve the grain structure and texture of the finished product.
  • the results of research on low-silicon non-oriented electrical steel show that the coarsening of grain structure before cold rolling will weaken the ⁇ 111 ⁇ texture component of the cold-rolled sheet after final annealing, and the ⁇ Okl ⁇ texture component favorable for magnetic properties. Enhanced while The coarsening of the precipitates makes the crystal grains easier to grow, so that the magnetic inductance and the iron loss are improved.
  • the high magnetic induction non-oriented silicon steel has a normalization temperature of not lower than 950 ° C and a holding time of 30 to 180 s.
  • the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to rapid heating annealing, and the annealing heating rate is ⁇ 100 °C/s. Warm up to 800 ⁇ 1000 °C, keep warm for 5 ⁇ 60s, then slowly cool to 600 ⁇ 750 °C at 3 ⁇ 15 °C/s.
  • the present invention can improve the magnetic induction of the non-oriented silicon steel by at least 200 gauss under the premise of ensuring iron loss.
  • Figure 1 shows the relationship between the amount of flattening of the hot rolled sheet and the magnetic properties of the final annealed sheet.
  • Non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled sheet thickness 2.6mm, composition: Si 0.799%, A1 0.4282%, C 0.0016%, Mn O.26%, P ⁇ 0.022%, S ⁇ 0.0033%, N ⁇ 0.0007%, Nb 0.0004%, V 0.0016%, Ti 0.0009%; the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • Rapid thermal annealing using a laboratory electric heating annealing furnace The heating rate is 250 °C / s, the soaking temperature is 850 ° C, and the temperature is maintained for 13 s.
  • the hot-rolled sheet After the hot-rolled sheet is lightly pressed by 1 to 10%, the recrystallized structure of the normalized sheet is obviously enlarged, but the microstructure of the finished sheet is not much different. When the reduction is 4 ⁇ 6%, the magnetic properties of the finished board are optimal, and the magnetic induction B50 reaches 1.83T. The performance is shown in Table 1. The flattening reduction of the hot rolled sheet is related to the magnetic properties of the final annealed sheet. As shown in Figure 1.
  • the microstructures of the normalized and final annealed sheets after flattening at different reduction rates were examined. It was found that after the cold-rolled sheets were slightly cold-rolled, the grains of the normalized sheets were significantly enlarged, and the grain size of the final annealed sheets did not change significantly. .
  • the average grain size of the normalized and annealed sheets is shown in Table 2. The results have a good correspondence with the magnetic properties of the finished plate. As the grain of the normalized plate becomes larger, the ⁇ 111 ⁇ texture component is weakened after the final annealing of the cold rolled plate, and the ⁇ 110 ⁇ texture component favorable for magnetic properties is enhanced. , the final annealed sheet magnetic induction B50 optimized.
  • Non-oriented silicon steel hot-rolled sheet thickness 2.6mm, composition: Si 1%, A1 0.2989%, C 0.0015%, Mn 0.297%, P 0.0572%, S 0.0027%, N 0.0009%, Nb 0.0005%, V 0.0015%, Ti 0.0011%; the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the hot rolled sheet is cold rolled at a reduction ratio of 4%.

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Description

一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法 发明领域
本发明涉及无取向硅钢的制造方法,特别涉及一种高磁感无取向硅钢 的制造方法。 背景技术
无取向硅钢是一种重要的磁性材料, 广泛应用于各种电机、压缩机等 领域。 一般情况下, 其硅含量小于 6.5%, 铝含量低于 3%, C%低于 0.1%, 同时含有较少的杂质元素。 再实施热轧、 常化和冷轧工序, 并进行最终退 火和涂覆绝缘层。
对于无取向硅钢来说, 性能指标主要包括材料铁损、磁感和磁各向异 性等。 无取向硅钢磁性能受材料成分、 厚度、 热处理工艺等多种因素的影 响。
为了获得超高磁感无取向硅钢,通常采用较低的硅含量,降低材料电阻 率, 同时, 采用高的热轧板常化温度,常化温度甚至高达 1000 °C。 但由于 硅、 铝含量较低, 无取向硅钢常化板再结晶组织较为细小。 细小的常化组 织使得最终退火板中 (Okl } 面织构强度低, 相应的磁感较低。
同时, 退火工艺同样是影响材料磁感的关键因素。通常采用适当的均 热温度和保温时间来获得晶粒大小适当的退火板。如果均热温度高, 保温 时间长, 退火板晶粒粗大, 材料中的 (111 } 面织构会增强, 造成磁感降 低; 但如果晶粒直径偏小, 则材料的磁滞损耗偏大, 增大了最终使用时的 电机损耗。
与慢速加热相比, 采用快速加热退火时, 成品板中存在很强的高斯织 构。 另一方面, 慢速加热退火成品板中主要织构组分是 (111 } 〈112〉 , 而(110 } 〈114〉 、 { 001 } 〈120〉 和 (111 } 〈110〉 组分很弱。 (文献: Jong-Tae PARK,Jerzy A.SZPUNAR Sang-Yun CHA Effect of Heating Rate on the Development of Annealing Texture in Nonoriented Electrical Steels ISIJ International, Vol.43(2003) , No.10, pp. 1611-1614 ) 。 因此, 采用快 速加热的退火方式, 可以抑制回复过程, 同时获得(110 }和 (100 }面织 构核心, 有效提高材料磁感。 发明概述
本发明的目的是提供一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法,在保证铁损 的前提下,利用热轧板轻压下措施及冷轧板快速加热退火来生产高磁感无 取向电工钢。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是:
一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法, 其包括如下歩骤:
1) 冶炼、 浇铸
无取向硅钢化学成分重量百分比: Si: 0.1〜1%, A1: 0.005〜 1%, C≤0.004%, Mn: 0.10〜1.50%, P<0.2%, S≤0.005%, N<0.002%,
Nb+V+Ti<0.006%; 其余为铁和不可避免的杂质; 转炉或电炉炼钢, 钢水经二次精炼处理, 浇铸成铸坯;
2) 热轧
铸坯加热温度 1150°C〜1200°C, 均热保温后进行热轧, 热轧 终轧温度 830〜900°C, 在≥570 温度条件下进行卷取;
3) 平整, 对热轧板进行压下量为 2〜5%的冷轧;
4) 常化, 对冷轧后的热轧板进行一次连续退火常化处理, 常化温度不 低于 950°C, 保温时间 30〜: 180s;
5) 酸洗, 冷轧
将常化板进行酸洗,之后进行多道次累计压下量为 70〜80%的 冷轧, 轧制成目标厚度的冷轧板
6) 退火, 对冷轧后的冷轧板进行快速加热退火, 升温速率≥100°〇/8, 升温到 800〜1000°C保温, 保温时间 5〜60s, 然后以 3〜15°C/s冷 却速度缓慢冷却至 600〜750°C;
进一歩, 退火气氛为 (体积比 30%〜70%) ¾+ (体积比 70%〜30%)
N2, 露点≤-25°C。
影响无取向硅钢磁感应强度 B25和 B5Q的主要因素是化学成分和晶体织 构。 硅、 铝或锰量提高, 材料电阻率提高, B25和 B5Q降低。 理想的晶体织构 为 (100) [uvw] 面织构, 因为它是各向同性且难磁化方向 [111] 不在轧 面上。实际上不能得到这种单一的面织构。一般存在有(100) [011], (111) [112] , (110) [001] , (112) [011] 等织构组分, 其中 (100) 组分 织构只约占 20%, 基本属于无取向混乱织构, 也就是磁各向同性。 因此, 调 整成分和改善制造工艺使 (100) 组分加强和 (111) 组分减弱是提高磁感应 强度 B25和 B5Q的重要途径。
本发明的成分设计主要考虑以下几点:
Si: 能溶于铁素体中形成置换固溶体, 提高基体电阻率, 降低铁损, 是电工钢最重要的合金元素, 但是 Si恶化磁感, 本发明着眼于一种超高 磁感无取向硅钢, 所以 Si含量较低, 为 0.1〜1%。
A1: 也是电阻率提高元素,可溶于铁素体提高基体电阻率,粗化晶粒, 降低铁损, 但同时也会使磁感降低。 A1含量超过 1.5%将使冶炼浇注困难, 磁感降低, 且加工困难。
Mn: 与 Si、 A1—样可以增加钢的电阻率, 会使磁感降低, 但 Mn可 以降低铁损, 可与不可避免夹杂物 S形成稳定的 MnS, 消除 S对磁性的 危害。 因此有必要添加 0.1%以上的含量。 本发明 Mn为 0.10%〜1.50%。
P: 0.2%以下, 在钢中添加一定的磷可以改善钢板的加工性。
C、 N、 Nb、 V、 Ti: 均为磁性不利元素, 本发明中要求 C≤0.004%,
S≤0.005%, N<0.002%, Nb+V+Ti<0.006%, 尽量减少对磁性能的劣化。
板坯加热温度应该低于钢种夹杂物 MnS、 A1N的固溶温度。本发明中 加热温度设定为 1150°C〜1200°C, 热轧终轧温度 830〜900°C, 卷取温度 ≥570°C, 可以保证夹杂物未固溶并且获得粗大的热轧板晶粒。
对热轧板适量平整为本发明中获得超高磁感无取向硅钢的一个关键 因素。 本发明着眼于一种超高磁感的无取向硅钢制造方法, 因此, 化学成 分中, 硅、 铝含量较低。 而缺少硅、 铝等晶粒长大元素导致热轧板常化过 程中晶粒无法正常长大。 同时, 低硅无取向硅钢在热轧过程中, 容易发生 再结晶, 因此, 其热轧板组织中细小的等轴再结晶晶粒较多, 而轧制纤维 组织很少。在常化之前对热轧板施加压下率为 2〜5%的平整, 能够增加材 料内部形变储能, 从而使常化板再结晶组织更为粗大。而当平整压下率过 大时, 则会因热轧板内部缺陷过多而影响常化板晶粒长大。
热轧板常化和预退火的主要目的是改善成品的晶粒组织和织构。对低 硅无取向电工钢研究的结果表明,冷轧前晶粒组织的粗大化将使冷轧板经 最终退火后 {111}织构组分减弱, 对磁性有利的 {Okl}织构组分增强, 同时 析出物粗化使晶粒更容易长大,从而使磁感和铁损得到了改善。本发明中, 高磁感无取向硅钢常化温度不低于 950 °C ,保温时间 30~180s。
对磁性能有利的 (110 } 高斯织构晶粒通常在冷轧切边带中形核和长 大, 而如果升温速率较慢, 在温度较低时, 材料中会发生回复过程, 从而 降低材料中的点阵畸变, 这样, 高斯织构形核的几率就大为降低了。 采用 快速加热退火, 能快速穿过不利织构发展的温度区间, 使有利织构 (Okl } 面织构有更好发展。 从而使铁损、 磁感均有所优化。 缓慢冷却可以降低退 火板内应力, 改善磁性能。 本发明中对冷轧板采取快速加热退火, 退火升 温速率≥100 °C/s, 升温到 800〜1000 °C保温,保温时间 5〜60s, 然后以 3〜 15 °C/s冷却速度缓慢冷却至 600〜750 °C。
本发明的优点在于:
与常规的无取向硅钢制造方法相比, 在保证铁损的前提下, 本发明可 以提高无取向硅钢磁感最少 200高斯。 附图说明
图 1为热轧板平整压下量与最终退火板磁性能关系。 发明的详细说明
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一歩说明。
实施例 1
( 1 )无取向硅钢热轧板,厚度 2.6mm,成分为: Si 0.799%, A1 0.4282%, C 0.0016%, Mn O.26%, P<0.022%, S<0.0033%, N<0.0007%, Nb 0.0004%, V 0.0016%, Ti 0.0009%; 其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
( 2 ) 对热轧板进行冷轧, 压下率 1〜10%。
( 3 ) 进行常化处理, 常化均热温度 970°C, 保温 60s。 之后对常化板 酸洗, 然后冷轧到 0.5mm厚度。
( 4 ) 利用实验室的通电加热退火炉进行快速加热退火。 升温速率 250 °C/s, 均热温度 850°C, 保温 13s。
热轧板经过 1〜10%轻压下后, 常化板再结晶组织明显变大, 但成品 板显微组织差异不大。 压下量为 4〜6%时, 成品板磁性能最优, 磁感 B50 达到 1.83T。 性能如表 1所示, 热轧板平整压下量与最终退火板磁性能关 如图 1所示。
表 1、 无取向硅钢最终退火板磁性能
Figure imgf000007_0001
检测了经过不同压下率平整后的常化板与最终退火板显微组织, 发 现, 热轧板轻微冷轧后, 其常化板晶粒明显长大, 最终退火板晶粒大小变 化不明显。 常化板、 退火板平均晶粒直径如表 2所示。 该结果与成品板磁 性能有良好对应关系, 随着常化板晶粒变大, 冷轧板经最终退火后 { 111 } 织构组分减弱, 对磁性有利的 {110}织构组分增强, 最终退火板磁感 B50 优化。
表 2、 无取向硅钢常化板、 退火板平均晶粒直径
Figure imgf000007_0002
实施例 2
( 1 )无取向硅钢热轧板, 厚度 2.6mm, 成分为: Si 1%, A1 0.2989%, C 0.0015%, Mn 0.297%, P 0.0572%, S 0.0027%, N 0.0009%, Nb 0.0005%, V 0.0015%, Ti 0.0011%; 其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
(2 ) 对热轧板进行冷轧, 压下率 4%。
( 3 ) 进行常化处理, 常化均热温度 950°C, 保温 60s。 之后对常化板 酸洗, 然后冷轧到 0.5mm厚度。 (4)利用实验室的通电加热退火炉进行不同升温速率快速加热退火。 升温速率 20°C/s、 150°C/s、 250°C/s, 均热温度 960°C, 保温 13s。
最终退火板性能如表 3所示。
表 3、 无取向硅钢最终退火板磁性能
Figure imgf000008_0001
从表 3可以看出, 退火升温速率对退火板铁损和磁感的影响。 随着退 火升温速率提高, 铁损降低, 磁感升高。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法, 其包括如下歩骤:
1) 冶炼、 浇铸
无取向硅钢化学成分重量百分比: Si : 0.1〜1%, A1: 0.005〜 1%, C≤0.004%, Mn: 0.10〜1.50%, P<0.2%, S≤0.005%, N<0.002%, Nb+V+Ti<0.006%; 其余为铁和不可避免的杂质; 转炉或电炉炼钢, 钢水经二次精炼处理, 浇铸成铸坯;
2) 热轧
铸坯加热温度 1150°C〜1200°C, 均热保温后进行热轧, 热轧终 轧温度 830〜900 °C, 在≥570 温度条件下进行卷取;
3) 平整, 对热轧板进行压下量为 2〜5%的冷轧;
4) 常化, 对冷轧后的热轧板进行一次连续退火常化处理, 常化温度不 低于 950 °C, 保温时间 30〜: 180s;
5) 酸洗, 冷轧
将常化板进行酸洗, 之后进行多道次累计压下量为 70〜80%的 冷轧, 轧制成目标厚度的冷轧板;
6) 退火, 对冷轧后的冷轧板进行快速加热退火, 升温速率≥100 °〇/8, 升温到 800〜1000 °C保温, 保温时间 5〜60s, 然后以 3〜15 °C/s冷 却速度缓慢冷却至 600〜750 °C。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的高磁感无取向硅钢的制造方法, 其特征是, 退火 气氛为: 体积比 30%〜70%¾+体积比 70%〜30%N2, 露点≤-25 °C。
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