WO2012053245A1 - 光源装置および投射型表示装置 - Google Patents
光源装置および投射型表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012053245A1 WO2012053245A1 PCT/JP2011/062442 JP2011062442W WO2012053245A1 WO 2012053245 A1 WO2012053245 A1 WO 2012053245A1 JP 2011062442 W JP2011062442 W JP 2011062442W WO 2012053245 A1 WO2012053245 A1 WO 2012053245A1
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- light
- light source
- phosphor layer
- source device
- laser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
- G03B21/204—LED or laser light sources using secondary light emission, e.g. luminescence or fluorescence
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3161—Modulator illumination systems using laser light sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0087—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for illuminating phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, e.g. using optical arrangements specifically adapted for guiding or shaping laser beams illuminating these materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4031—Edge-emitting structures
- H01S5/4056—Edge-emitting structures emitting light in more than one direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light source device using a laser diode and a projection display device including the light source device.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe light source devices using light emitting diodes.
- the amount of light emitted from one light emitting diode is generally very small. Therefore, it is necessary to use a plurality of light emitting diodes in order to realize a high-output light source device, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the light source device.
- the electroluminescence element is a low-luminance surface-emitting light source, it is not suitable as a light source for a projection display device or a lighting fixture.
- the power / light conversion efficiency of a laser diode is several times that of a light emitting diode. Therefore, if a laser diode is used as the light source, a high-output and small-sized light source device can be realized.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above requirements.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to further improve the light utilization efficiency in a light source device using a laser diode, and to realize a small and high output light source device.
- Another object of the present invention is to further improve the light use efficiency in various devices and instruments provided with the light source device.
- One of the light source devices of the present invention includes a laser diode that emits laser light having a constant polarization direction, a light source unit that includes a condensing optical system that condenses the laser light emitted from the laser diode, and the light source A phosphor layer that is excited by the laser beam condensed by the condensing optical system of the unit and emits incoherent light, and an incident angle of the laser beam to the phosphor layer is less than 0 degree
- the laser beam is large and smaller than 90 degrees, and enters the phosphor layer as P-polarized light.
- Another one of the light source devices of the present invention has a polarization conversion element that rotates the polarization direction of the laser light emitted from the laser diode.
- the projection display device of the present invention has the light source device of the present invention.
- the present invention it is possible to further improve the light utilization efficiency in a light source device using a laser diode and various devices and instruments provided with the light source device.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the light source device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing changes in the beam shape of laser light in the light source device.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the spread angle of the laser light emitted from the LD element.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing changes in the beam shape of laser light emitted from the LD element.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a spectrum of laser light.
- FIG.3 (b) is a figure which shows the absorption spectrum of a fluorescent substance.
- FIG.3 (c) is a figure which shows the spectrum of the light discharge
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle of P-polarized light and S-polarized light and the reflectance.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the medium and the Brewster angle.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the beam diameter dy and the beam diameter dx between the lens and the phosphor layer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a light source device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram showing changes in the beam shape of the laser light in the light source device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the beam diameter dy and the beam diameter dx between the lens and the phosphor layer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a modification of the light source device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an embodiment of a projection display device.
- the light source device As shown in FIG. 1, the light source device according to the present embodiment is provided with a laser diode (LD element 1) and a light source unit including a lens 2 provided in front of the LD element 1, and provided in front of the light source unit. And a phosphor layer 3.
- LD element 1 laser diode
- a light source unit including a lens 2 provided in front of the LD element 1, and provided in front of the light source unit.
- a phosphor layer 3 3
- the LD element 1 and the phosphor layer 3 are arranged so that the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is incident on the phosphor layer 3 obliquely.
- the LD element 1 and the phosphor layer 3 are arranged so that the incident angle ⁇ of the laser beam with respect to the phosphor layer surface is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 90 degrees (0 degree ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 degrees).
- the LD element 1 and the phosphor layer 3 are installed so that the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is incident as P-polarized light.
- the incident angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the normal line of the phosphor layer 3 and the optical axis of the laser beam.
- the incidence of laser light as P-polarized light means that the electric vector is oscillating in a plane parallel to the incident surface.
- the incident surface means a plane formed by both incident light and reflected light.
- the LD element 1 emits laser light that is coherent light. Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, laser light is emitted from the LD element 1 with a spread angle of ⁇ and ⁇ //, respectively.
- FIG. 2B schematically shows changes in the beam shape (cross-sectional shape) of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1. As shown in FIG. 2B, the beam shape of the laser light is elliptical. However, the minor axis direction and the major axis direction are interchanged between the near-field surface and the far-field surface by light diffraction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the short axis direction in the near field plane (A plane) is defined as the Dy direction, and the long axis direction is defined as the Dx direction.
- the diameter in the Dy direction is defined as dy
- the diameter in the Dx direction is defined as dx. That is, the Dy direction and the Dx direction are not changed in the optical system, but the magnitude and magnitude relationship between dy and dx change. Specifically, dy ⁇ dx in the near field plane (A plane), but dy> dx in the far field plane (B plane).
- the LD element 1 emits laser light having a shorter wavelength than the wavelength of light emitted from the phosphor forming the phosphor layer 3. Specifically, the LD element 1 emits ultraviolet, near ultraviolet, or blue laser light. Furthermore, the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is linearly polarized light that is polarized only in the Dx direction. Therefore, in order to make the laser light enter the phosphor layer 3 as P-polarized light, the LD element 1 and the phosphor layer 3 are arranged so that the Dx direction is perpendicular to the surface of the phosphor layer.
- the lens 2 shown in the figure is a convex lens or an aspheric lens, and constitutes a condensing optical system for condensing the laser light on the surface of the phosphor layer.
- the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is condensed on the surface of the phosphor layer by the action of the lens 2.
- the P-polarized component the component of light whose electric vector vibrates in a plane parallel to the incident surface
- the reflectance on the object surface is smaller than the reflectance on the object surface of the S-polarized component (the component of light whose electric vector vibrates in a plane perpendicular to the incident surface). Therefore, in the light source device of this embodiment in which the incident angle ⁇ is 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ 90 degrees, the laser light (P-polarized light) can be efficiently incident on the phosphor layer 3.
- the incident angle ⁇ will be described in detail later.
- the phosphor layer 3 contains a phosphor having an absorption spectrum region including the wavelength of incident laser light.
- the phosphor layer 3 has an area where the laser beam condensed by the lens 2 can enter. Furthermore, the phosphor layer 3 has a length (thickness) set in consideration of the following expression indicating the absorption intensity.
- Absorption intensity: A0-A A0 (1-exp [- ⁇ L])
- 3A to 3C show the spectrum of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1, the absorption spectrum of the phosphor, and the spectrum of the light emitted from the phosphor, respectively.
- the phosphor has an absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. When the phosphor absorbs laser light having a spectrum as shown in FIG. 3A, it emits light having a spectrum as shown in FIG.
- the phosphor forming the phosphor layer 3 includes a substance that absorbs short-wavelength light and emits light having a longer wavelength (visible light), such as a dye or a solid laser medium, in addition to a normal fluorescent substance. Is included.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the reflectance (%) when P-polarized light and S-polarized light are incident on a material having a refractive index of 1.52.
- the reflectance of P-polarized light is lower than that of S-polarized light when the incident angle ⁇ is in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
- the reflectance is less than 20% when the incident angle ⁇ is in the range of 0 to 80 degrees, and the reflectance is less than 10% when the angle of incidence is in the range of 0 to 75 degrees. It can be seen that it is.
- the Brewster angle ⁇ b is expressed by the following equation.
- FIG. 5 shows the Brewster angle ⁇ b when P-polarized light is incident on the interface between air and a medium having a refractive index of 1 to 4, respectively.
- the refractive index of a solvent such as an adhesive forming the phosphor layer 3 is generally 1.4 to 1.6.
- the refractive index of the phosphor itself is generally 1 to 4. Therefore, the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is 1 to 4. From the graph shown, it can be seen that when the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is 1 to 4, the corresponding Brewster angle ⁇ b is in the range of 45 degrees to 75 degrees.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the laser beam to the phosphor layer 3 within the above range (45 ° to 75 °)
- energy loss is suppressed and the phosphor in the phosphor layer 3 is efficiently excited. can do. Therefore, a highly efficient light source device can be realized. Further, since the reflectance on the phosphor layer surface can be lowered without performing a low-reflection coating or the like, the cost of the light source device can be reduced.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the laser beam (P-polarized light) to the phosphor layer 3 is preferably in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, more preferably in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 80 °, and 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 75 degrees is more preferable.
- the Brewster angle ⁇ b depending on the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is within the above-mentioned angle range, it is desirable to make the incident angle ⁇ coincide with the Brewster angle ⁇ b.
- the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is 2.0
- the Brewster angle ⁇ b is 63.4 degrees.
- the Brewster angle ⁇ b is 56.7 degrees. Therefore, when the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is 2.0, the incident angle ⁇ is 63.4 degrees, and when the refractive index of the phosphor layer 3 is 1.52, the incident angle ⁇ is 56. 7 degrees is desirable.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the laser beam to the phosphor layer 3 will be described in detail from the viewpoint of the utilization efficiency of the light emitted from the light source device.
- a case where the image forming element of the projection display device is illuminated with light emitted from the light source device will be described as an example.
- the shape of the light beam (beam shape) irradiated to the pixel region is as close as possible to the shape of the pixel region.
- the shape of the pixel region is generally a square. Therefore, considering the beam propagation characteristics and the like, the beam shape is preferably close to a circle.
- the shape of the light beam applied to the pixel region In order to make the shape of the light beam applied to the pixel region close to a circle, it is necessary to make the beam shape of the laser light incident on the phosphor layer 3 close to a circle. Even when the shape of the pixel region is a shape other than a square (for example, a rectangle), it is preferable that the shape of the light beam applied to the pixel region is close to a circle in consideration of beam propagation, diffraction, and the like.
- cos ⁇ is 0 or more and 1 or less (0 ⁇ cos ⁇ ⁇ 1)
- dx / cos ⁇ is larger than dx. Therefore, by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ , dx when the phosphor layer is incident can be expanded. In other words, dy and dx when the phosphor layer is incident can be matched as much as possible.
- the beam shape of the laser light can be shaped into a circle by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ . In this case, since the beam is shaped into a circular shape by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ , an optical component for circularization becomes unnecessary, and the cost is reduced.
- the magnitude relationship between dy and dx is switched at the point where the distance from the lens 2 is 52 mm.
- the beam can be circularized when the condition of dx ⁇ dy is satisfied.
- the beam can be circularized by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ .
- dx ⁇ dy before incidence on the phosphor layer 3 dx is further increased by multiplying dx by 1 / cos ⁇ . Therefore, the beam cannot be made circular by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ .
- the output Pin of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is 500 mW, and the refractive index n of the phosphor layer 3 is 2.0. Further, it is assumed that dx is 250 um and dy is 560 um immediately before entering the phosphor layer 3 (the C surface in FIG. 1). In this case, when the incident angle ⁇ is set to 63.4 degrees, cos ⁇ is 0.448. Therefore, dx when the phosphor layer is incident (D surface in FIG. 1) is about 560 ⁇ m (250 / 0.448). Further, when the refractive index n is 2.0, the Brewster angle ⁇ b is 63.4 degrees (see FIG. 5). In this way, it is possible to circularize the beam using a Brewster angle with little reflection.
- etendue is a value representing the spatial extent in which a light beam that can be effectively handled in an optical system exists as a product of area and solid angle.
- This etendue is a value stored in the optical system.
- the etendue of the light source device is represented by the product of the area of the light emitting region in the light source device and the solid angle of light emitted from the light source device.
- the etendue of the image forming element is represented by the product of the solid angle of light incident on the element and the effective area.
- the effective area is the product of the length in the vertical direction and the length in the horizontal direction of each pixel region of the image forming element.
- the reflection plate 4 is disposed to face the back surface of the phosphor layer 3 (the surface opposite to the surface on which the laser light is incident).
- the reflection plate 4 has a characteristic of reflecting laser light and light emitted from the phosphor.
- the reflector 4 reflects the laser light component that has not been absorbed by the phosphor layer 3 and re-enters the phosphor layer 3.
- the laser light reflected by the reflecting plate 4 is absorbed by the phosphor when passing through the phosphor layer 3 again, and contributes to the emission of incoherent light. Since the reflection plate 4 is adjacent to the phosphor layer 3, irregular reflection between them is suppressed, and the laser light can be efficiently returned to the phosphor layer 3.
- the light emitted from the phosphor diffuses isotropically in all directions. Therefore, of the light emitted from the phosphor, the light directed to the back side of the phosphor layer 3 is reflected by the reflecting plate 4 and returns to the phosphor layer 3 again. Thereafter, the light returning to the phosphor layer 3 is directed toward the front surface side of the phosphor layer 3 and is emitted from the front surface of the phosphor layer 3. Therefore, the light emitted from the phosphor can be efficiently extracted from the front side of the phosphor layer 3.
- the length (thickness) L of the phosphor layer 3 is 1.0 mm and the absorption coefficient ⁇ of the laser light of the phosphor layer 3 is 2.0 / mm, about 98 of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is obtained.
- the laser light absorbed by the phosphor layer 3 is used to excite the valence electrons of the phosphor and most of it is re-emitted as light having a longer wavelength. However, some excited valence electrons dissipate their excitation energy into the material in a non-radiative process.
- the probability that the laser light absorbed by the phosphor contributes to re-emission is ⁇
- the intensity of spontaneous emission light (Eph) emitted from the phosphor and the intensity of laser light incident on the phosphor (Eab) Is expressed by the following equation.
- This value corresponds to the output of several common light emitting diodes. That is, since the output of several light emitting diodes can be obtained from a circular laser beam irradiation region having a diameter of 560 ⁇ m, a light source device with a small etendue is realized. Further, since the above output can be obtained by one LD element and one phosphor layer, the number of parts of the light source device can be reduced. Furthermore, since the volume of one LD element and one phosphor layer is much smaller than the volume of the light source device composed of several light emitting diodes, the light source device can be downsized.
- the reflector 4 is not necessary.
- a wavelength selective reflection layer that transmits excitation laser light and reflects visible light may be formed on the surface of the phosphor layer 3.
- the phosphor layer 3 when the phosphor layer 3 generates heat due to laser light irradiation, the phosphor layer 3 can be cooled via the reflector 4.
- the phosphor layer 3 may be formed on a rotating wheel that is rotationally driven. In this case, since the phosphor layer 3 is also rotated by the rotation of the rotating wheel, the heat generation points and the phosphor deterioration points are dispersed. Moreover, you may form both the fluorescent substance layer 3 and the reflecting plate 4 on a rotation wheel.
- the function of the lens 2 shown in FIG. 1 may be realized by a combination of a plurality of lenses.
- the function of the lens 2 may be realized by a plano-convex lens that converts laser light into parallel light and a convex lens that condenses the laser light converted into parallel light.
- the plano-convex lens and the convex lens are arranged so that the laser light emitted from the LD element passes through the plano-convex lens and the convex lens in this order.
- the plano-convex lens is arranged with the flat surface facing the LD element side.
- the convex lens is arranged with the convex surface facing the phosphor layer.
- the laser light emitted from the LD element is converted into parallel light by a plano-convex lens and then enters a convex lens (condenser lens).
- Laser light (parallel light) incident on the convex lens is condensed on the phosphor layer.
- a plano-convex lens and a convex lens may be replaced with an aspheric lens.
- the light source device of this embodiment when used as a light source of an image forming apparatus, parallel light is irradiated onto the image forming element.
- a lens or a reflector that collects the light beam emitted from the phosphor layer can be used.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the light source device according to the present embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the light source device according to the present embodiment is the same as the basic configuration of the light source device according to the first embodiment. Therefore, description of common configurations will be omitted, and only differences will be described below.
- Differences between the light source device according to the present embodiment and the light source device according to the first embodiment are the following two points.
- One is that the LD element 1 of the light source device according to the present embodiment is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the LD element 1 of the light source device according to the first embodiment.
- the other is that in the light source device according to the present embodiment, a half-wave plate as a polarization conversion element is disposed between the LD element 1 and the lens 2.
- the half-wave plate is disposed at an angle at which the polarization direction of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is rotated by 90 degrees.
- the short axis direction of the laser beam cross section in the near field plane (A plane) is defined as the Dy direction
- the long axis direction is defined as the Dx direction
- the diameter in the Dy direction is defined as dy
- the diameter in the Dx direction is defined as dx.
- the LD element 1 of the light source device according to the present embodiment is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the LD element 1 of the light source device according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the Dy direction and the Dx direction in the present embodiment are directions different from the Dy direction and the Dx direction in the first embodiment by 90 degrees.
- the Dy direction and the Dx direction are not changed in the optical system, but the magnitude and magnitude relationship of dy and dx are changed in the optical system as in the first embodiment. That is, also in this embodiment, dy ⁇ dx in the near field plane (A plane), but dy> dx in the far field plane (B plane).
- the polarization direction of the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is rotated by 90 ° by the half-wave plate 5. That is, the laser light before entering the half-wave plate 5 is polarized in the Dx direction, but the laser light after passing through the half-wave plate 5 is polarized in the Dy direction. Therefore, in order to make laser light enter the phosphor layer 3 as P-polarized light, the LD element 1 and the phosphor layer 3 are arranged so that the Dy direction is perpendicular to the surface of the phosphor layer.
- the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the beam diameter (dy, dx) of the laser light is expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ Arccos (dx / dy) That is, dy when the phosphor layer is incident is a value (dy / cos ⁇ ) obtained by multiplying dy immediately before incidence by 1 / cos ⁇ .
- cos ⁇ is 0 or more and 1 or less (0 ⁇ cos ⁇ ⁇ 1)
- dy / cos ⁇ is larger than dy. Therefore, by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ , dy when the phosphor layer is incident can be expanded. In other words, dy and dx when the phosphor layer is incident can be matched as much as possible.
- the beam shape of the laser light can be shaped into a circle by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ . In this case, since the beam is shaped into a circular shape by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ , an optical component for circularization becomes unnecessary, and the cost is reduced.
- the magnitude relationship between dy and dx is switched at the point where the distance from the lens 2 is 52 mm.
- the beam can be circularized when the condition of dx> dy is satisfied.
- the beam can be circularized by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ . If dx ⁇ dy before incidence on the phosphor layer 3, dy is further increased by multiplying dy by 1 / cos ⁇ . Therefore, the beam cannot be made circular by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ .
- the output Pin of the laser beam emitted from the LD element 1 shown in FIG. 7 is 500 mW, and the refractive index n of the phosphor layer 3 is 2.0. Further, it is assumed that dx is 100 um and dy is 45 um immediately before entering the phosphor layer 3 (the C surface in FIG. 7). In this case, when the incident angle ⁇ is set to 63.4 degrees, cos ⁇ is 0.448. Therefore, dy when the phosphor layer is incident (D surface in FIG. 7) is about 100 ⁇ m (45 / 0.448). Further, when the refractive index n is 2.0, the Brewster angle ⁇ b is 63.4 degrees (see FIG. 5). As described above, also in this embodiment, it is possible to shape the beam into a circular shape using the Brewster angle with less reflection.
- the light source device according to the present embodiment and the light source device according to the first embodiment are common in that the beam is circularized by adjusting the incident angle ⁇ , but the beam may be circularized.
- the possible range is different.
- the light source device according to the present embodiment can narrow the beam diameter of the laser light incident on the phosphor layer 3 as compared with the light source device of the first embodiment. That is, etendue can be further reduced.
- the incident angle ⁇ is preferably in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, more preferably in the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 80 °, and 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ . As in the first embodiment, it is more preferable that the angle is within the range of 75 degrees.
- the function of the lens 2 shown in FIG. 7 may be realized by a combination of a plurality of lenses.
- the function of the lens 2 may be realized by a plano-convex lens that converts laser light into parallel light and a convex lens that condenses the laser light converted into parallel light.
- a plano-convex lens is disposed between the LD element 1 and the half-wave plate 5, and a convex lens is disposed between the half-wave plate 5 and the phosphor layer 3.
- the plano-convex lens is arranged with the flat surface facing the LD element side.
- the convex lens is arranged with the convex surface facing the phosphor layer.
- the laser light emitted from the LD element 1 is converted into parallel light by the plano-convex lens and then enters the half-wave plate 5.
- the laser light incident on the half-wave plate 5 is incident on the convex lens (condenser lens) after the polarization direction is rotated by 90 degrees by the half-wave plate 5.
- Laser light (parallel light) incident on the convex lens is condensed on the phosphor layer 3.
- the laser beam is converted into parallel light before entering the half-wave plate 5, and therefore the angle dependency is reduced. Therefore, the variation in the rotation of the polarization direction due to the optical path length difference can be suppressed, and the reflection component can be reduced as much as possible.
- the plano-convex lens and the convex lens used here may be replaced with an aspherical lens.
- FIG. 9 shows a modification of the second embodiment.
- two sets of LD elements 1, half-wave plates 5, and lenses 2 are provided for one phosphor layer 3.
- the laser light emitted from each LD element 1 enters the common phosphor layer 3 at an incident angle ⁇ and as P-polarized light.
- the incident angle ⁇ is optimized in consideration of the Brewster angle and beam circularization.
- the laser light emitted from the two LD elements is condensed at one point on the phosphor layer. Therefore, a very small region on the phosphor layer can be excited with high efficiency. If LD elements are arranged on each side of the phosphor layer, laser light emitted from all the LD elements can be incident on the phosphor layer at an optimum incident angle ⁇ .
- three or more sets of the LD element 1, the half-wave plate 5, and the lens 2 can be provided for one phosphor layer 3.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of a projection display device provided with the light source device of the present invention.
- the illustrated projection display device includes three light source devices described as the second embodiment.
- the light source device 10R outputs red light
- the light source device 10G outputs green light
- the light source device 10B outputs blue light.
- a color synthesis prism 11 is disposed at the center of the three light source devices 10R, G, and B.
- the colored lights output from the light source devices 10 R, G, and B are incident on the prism 11 from a predetermined incident surface of the color combining prism 11 and are combined.
- the synthesized color light is emitted from the emission surface of the color synthesis prism.
- An integrator 12 a polarization conversion element 13, a field lens 14 and a condenser lens 15, a liquid crystal panel 16 and a projection lens 17 are arranged in this order in front of the emission surface of the color synthesis prism.
- cadmium borate is used for the phosphor constituting the phosphor layer of the light source device 10R that outputs red light.
- zinc silicate is used for the phosphor constituting the phosphor layer of the light source device 10G that outputs green light.
- calcium tungstate is used for the phosphor constituting the phosphor layer of the light source device 10B that outputs blue light.
- the phosphor is not limited to the above substances, and may be appropriately selected according to the required color light.
- Color light emitted from the emission surface of the synthesis prism 11 enters the integrator 12.
- the integrator 12 makes the luminance distribution of the incident color light uniform.
- the light emitted from the integrator 12 enters the polarization conversion element 13.
- the polarization conversion element 13 aligns the polarization direction of the incident light in a specific direction.
- the color light (linearly polarized light) emitted from the polarization conversion element 13 is applied to the liquid crystal panel 16 via the field lens 14 and the condenser lens 15.
- the liquid crystal panel 16 modulates the incident light based on the image signal.
- the light modulated by the liquid crystal panel 16 is enlarged and projected onto a screen or the like (not shown) via a projection lens.
- a rod-type integrator As the integrator 12, a rod-type integrator, a light tunnel, a fly-eye lens, or the like can be used.
- the projection type display device having the light source device described as the second embodiment has been described, the light source device described as the first embodiment or the modified example can also be used.
- the light source device of the present invention can be used not only for a projection display device but also for a vehicle headlamp, searchlight, general illumination, and the like.
- the light source device of the present invention when used for devices and devices other than the projection display device, it is possible to add a lens or a reflector that collects the luminous flux emitted from the phosphor layer to collimate the emitted light.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の光源装置の第1の実施形態について詳細に説明する。本実施形態に係る光源装置は、図1に示すように、レーザダイオード(LD素子1)およびLD素子1の前方に設けられたレンズ2を備えた光源ユニットと、該光源ユニットの前方に設けられた蛍光体層3とを有する。
A:蛍光体層3のレーザ光透過強度
A0:蛍光体層3への入射光強度
α:吸収係数
L:蛍光体層3の長さ(厚さ)
レーザ光が蛍光体層3に導入されると、レーザ光によって蛍光体が励起され、蛍光体内のエネルギーが高エネルギー準位(励起準位)に遷移する。しかし、励起準位は不安定であるため、蛍光体内のエネルギーは、一定時間経過後に元の基底準位または励起準位と基底準位の間の準安定準位に遷移する。このとき、レーザ光は蛍光体内で吸収され強度が弱められる。それと同時に蛍光体からは自然放出光としてインコヒーレント光が放出される。図3(a)~(c)に、LD素子1から出射されるレーザ光のスペクトル、蛍光体の吸収スペクトルおよび蛍光体から放出される光のスペクトルをそれぞれ示す。蛍光体は、図3(b)に示すような吸収スペクトルを有している。蛍光体は、図3(a)に示すようなスペクトルを有するレーザ光を吸収すると、同図(c)に示すようなスペクトルを有する光を放出する。
図5に、P偏光が空気と屈折率1~4の媒質との界面にそれぞれ入射したときのブリュースター角θbを示す。ここで、蛍光体層3を形成する接着剤等の溶剤の屈折率は一般的に1.4~1.6である。また蛍光体そのものの屈折率は一般的に1~4である。従って、蛍光体層3の屈折率は1~4となる。図示されているグラフより、蛍光体層3の屈折率が1~4の場合、対応するブリュースター角θbは45度から75度の範囲内に存在していることがわかる。従って、レーザ光の蛍光体層3への入射角θを上記の範囲内(45度から75度)に設定することで、エネルギー損失を抑制し、効率よく蛍光体層3内の蛍光体を励起することができる。従って、高効率な光源装置を実現できる。また、低反射コーティング等を行わずに蛍光体層表面での反射率を下げることができるため、光源装置のコストを下げることもできる。
すなわち、蛍光体層入射時のdxは、入射直前のdxに1/cosθを乗じた値(=dx/cosθ)となる。ここで、cosθは0以上1以下(0≦cosθ≦1)なので、dx/cosθはdxよりも大きくなる。したがって、入射角θを調整することにより、蛍光体層入射時のdxを拡張することができる。換言すれば、蛍光体層入射時のdyとdxを可及的に一致させることができる。さらに換言すれば、入射角θを調整することで、レーザ光のビーム形状を円形に整形することができる。この場合、入射角θの調整によってビームを円形に整形するので、円形化のための光学部品が不要となり、コストが削減される。
そこで、LD素子1から出射されるレーザ光の出力Pin=500mW、η=0.9とすると、蛍光体から放出される自然光の出力Poutは450mWとなる。この値は、通用の発光ダイオード数個分の出力に相当する。すなわち、発光ダイオード数個分の出力を、直径560umの円形のレーザ光照射領域から得ることができるため、エテンデューの小さな光源装置が実現される。また、1個のLD素子と1個の蛍光体層によって上記出力が得られるので、光源装置の部品点数が削減される。さらに、1個のLD素子と1個の蛍光体層の体積は、数個の発光ダイオードからなる光源装置の体積に比べてはるかに小さいので、光源装置の小型化も実現される。
以下、本発明の光源装置の第2の実施形態について詳細に説明する。図7は、本実施形態に係る光源装置の構成を示す模式図である。図7に示すように、本実施形態に係る光源装置の基本構成は、第1の実施形態に係る光源装置の基本構成と同一である。そこで、共通する構成については説明を省略し、相違点についてのみ以下に説明する。
すなわち、蛍光体層入射時のdyは、入射直前のdyに1/cosθを乗じた値(dy/cosθ)となる。ここで、cosθは0以上1以下(0≦cosθ≦1)なので、dy/cosθはdyよりも大きくなる。したがって、入射角θを調整することにより、蛍光体層入射時のdyを拡張することができる。換言すれば、蛍光体層入射時のdyとdxを可及的に一致させることができる。さらに換言すれば、入射角θの調整によってレーザ光のビーム形状を円形に整形することができる。この場合、入射角θの調整によってビームを円形に整形するので、円形化のための光学部品が不要となり、コストが削減される。
2 レンズ
3 蛍光体層
4 反射板
5 1/2波長板
Claims (10)
- 偏光方向が一定であるレーザ光を出射するレーザダイオードおよび該レーザダイオードから出射されたレーザ光を集光する集光光学系を備えた光源ユニットと、
前記光源ユニットの前記集光光学系によって集光されたレーザ光によって励起され、インコヒーレント光を放出する蛍光体層とを有し、
前記レーザ光の前記蛍光体層への入射角が、0度よりも大きく、かつ、90度よりも小さく、
前記レーザ光が前記蛍光体層へP偏光として入射する、光源装置。 - 偏光方向が一定であるレーザ光を出射するレーザダイオード、該レーザダイオードから出射されたレーザ光の偏光方向を回転させる偏光変換素子および該偏光変換素子によって偏光方向が回転されたレーザ光を集光する集光光学系を備えた光源ユニットと、
前記光源ユニットの前記集光光学系によって集光されたレーザ光によって励起され、インコヒーレント光を放出する蛍光体層とを有し、
前記レーザ光の前記蛍光体層への入射角が、0度よりも大きく、かつ、90度よりも小さく、
前記レーザ光が前記蛍光体層へP偏光として入射する、光源装置。 - 前記入射角をθ、前記蛍光体層の周囲の媒質の屈折率をn1、前記蛍光体層の屈折率をn2としたとき、
θ=Arctan(n2/n1)
の関係を満たす、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の光源装置。 - 前記入射角をθ、
前記レーザダイオードから出射された直後のレーザ光断面における長軸方向をDx方向、短軸方向をDy方向、
前記レーザ光断面における前記Dx方向の径をdx[um]、前記Dy方向の径をdy[um]としたとき、
θ=Arccos(dy/dx)
の関係を満たす、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。 - 前記入射角をθ、
前記レーザダイオードから出射された直後のレーザ光断面における長軸方向をDx方向、短軸方向をDy方向、
前記レーザ光断面における前記Dx方向の径をdx[um]、前記Dy方向の径をdy[um]としたとき、
θ=Arccos(dx/dy)
の関係を満たす、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。 - 前記蛍光体層の前記レーザ光が入射する面と反対側の面に対向配置された反射板を有する、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 前記蛍光体層から放出される光束を集めるレンズを有する、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 前記蛍光体層から放出される光束を集めるリフレクタを有する、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 一つの前記蛍光体層に対して複数の前記光源ユニットを有する、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の光源装置を有する投射型表示装置。
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US11239637B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-02-01 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber delivered laser induced white light system |
US11594862B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2023-02-28 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber delivered laser induced white light system |
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US20130176705A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
JPWO2012053245A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
US9039215B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
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