WO2012046368A1 - イヤホン - Google Patents
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- WO2012046368A1 WO2012046368A1 PCT/JP2011/004014 JP2011004014W WO2012046368A1 WO 2012046368 A1 WO2012046368 A1 WO 2012046368A1 JP 2011004014 W JP2011004014 W JP 2011004014W WO 2012046368 A1 WO2012046368 A1 WO 2012046368A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- sound guide
- ear canal
- earphone
- sealed
- Prior art date
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- 210000000613 ear canal Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000883 ear external Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
- H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
- H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealed earphone that is used by inserting a sound emitting portion into an entrance of the ear canal.
- the sealed earphone In the sealed earphone, the back of the sound generation part is sealed, and the ear pad having a sound emitting opening at the tip of the part inserted into the ear canal is formed of elastic soft plastic or rubber, etc., on the inner surface of the ear canal Adhering closely without any gaps, it has an earplug structure as a whole. Since the sealed earphone can be attached by inserting the ear pad into the ear canal, it can be reliably attached to the entrance of the outer ear. In addition, the ear pad can be easily elastically deformed according to the shape of the ear canal by a material having flexibility, and a good wearing feeling can be obtained.
- sealed earphones that are inserted into the ear canal entrance have good sealing performance and high sound insulation performance, making it difficult to hear external noise, so high sound pressure sensitivity can be obtained, and weak sound can be heard even in noisy places. It is possible to listen. Moreover, since it can be used by inserting it into the ear canal entrance, there is an advantage that it is easy to reduce the size and weight.
- the external auditory canal 8 is closed at one end by the eardrum 9 and closed at one end by the outer ear canal entrance 7 which is the other end, and is open at one end (hereinafter, one-end closed tube). Therefore, one-end closed tube resonance occurs with the external auditory canal 8 as a resonance box.
- one-end closed tube resonance occurs, a standing wave is generated, and air vibration is minimized (pressure change is maximum) at the closed end of the closed tube, and air vibration is maximized (pressure change is minimum) at the closed end of the closed tube. Resonance occurs.
- FIG. 1 (b1) and FIG. 1 (b2) schematically show a state in which one-end closed tube resonance has occurred.
- a solid line indicates a resonance box with one end closed tube, and a broken line indicates the amplitude of air vibration.
- the first half of the equation of the synthesized sound wave P shows the amplitude at the position x regardless of the time, and the second half shows the time fluctuation part, which shows a standing wave rather than a traveling wave. Regardless of the time t, the point where the amplitude is always maximum is obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the sound pressure-frequency characteristics obtained at the closed end, that is, the eardrum position when a sound wave having a constant magnitude is incident from the opening end of the resonance box with changing the frequency. Theoretically, resonance occurs only at the resonance frequency, so the sound pressure-frequency characteristic shows a sharp peak, but in reality, the characteristic is distributed over the frequencies before and after that.
- the sound pressure-frequency characteristic at the eardrum position is affected by the single-end closed tube resonance in the ear canal and peaks at 2.8 to 3.4 kHz and 8.5 to 10.2 kHz as shown in FIG. It becomes a certain characteristic. That is, when the earphone is not worn, the eardrum listens to the sound of the outside world through the acoustic filter having the frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 2, so the reception sensitivity of the eardrum is exactly flat when the sound having the characteristic shown in FIG. 2 is input. It can be said that it has an audible frequency characteristic. That is, it is the characteristic which turned upside down in the vertical axis direction of FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows the internal structure of the sealed earphone 10. As shown in FIG. 4, inside the earphone, an electroacoustic transducer 2 and a sound emission port 15 that emits a sound wave to the ear canal entrance 7, and a sound guide unit 4 that connects the electroacoustic transducer 2 and the sound emission port 15. It is composed of The electroacoustic transducer 2 is protected by the external housing 1 and is fixed to the external housing 1 by an appropriate method (not shown).
- the electroacoustic transducer 2 includes a coil 21, a permanent magnet 22, and a diaphragm 23.
- the diaphragm is made of a magnetic metal thin plate.
- a current having an acoustic waveform is passed through the coil, the diaphragm 23 vibrates in accordance with the acoustic waveform, and a sound wave is emitted toward the sound guide portion 4 in the right direction of the drawing in FIG.
- the back surface of the diaphragm 23 which is a sounding portion is sealed.
- the size of the external auditory canal 8 as a resonance box when the sealed earphone is worn that is, the length of the depth is determined by the position where the eardrum 9, the earphone pad 5, and the sound emission opening 15 block the external ear canal 8.
- FIGS. 3B1 and 3B2 are explanatory diagrams of both-end closed tube resonance, and schematically show a state in which both-end closed tube resonance has occurred.
- a solid line indicates a closed tube at both ends, and a broken line indicates the amplitude of air vibration.
- the vibration of air is minimized (the pressure change is maximized) at the position of the eardrum 9 that is the tube end and the earphone pad 5 that is inserted into the ear canal entrance 7.
- the vibration of air is maximum (pressure change is minimum).
- the sound velocity at 15 ° C. is set to 340 m / s.
- FIG. 5 shows the sound pressure-frequency characteristics at the eardrum position of the sealed earphone.
- the resonance mode is a one-end closed tube, but the sound pressure-frequency characteristic is shown by a broken line when it is assumed that a sound having a flat frequency characteristic equivalent to the sound source of the earphone is supplied to the ear canal entrance 7.
- the resonance mode is closed at both ends. In this case, the sound pressure-frequency characteristic at the eardrum position is shown by a solid line.
- the sound pressure at the eardrum position when the earphone is not worn has peaks at 2.8 to 3.4 kHz and 8.5 to 10.2 kHz, but the eardrum position when the earphone is worn.
- the sound pressure peak at is shifted to 5.7 to 6.8 kHz and 11.3 to 13.6 kHz under the influence of the sealed tube resonance in the ear canal.
- the reception sensitivity characteristic of the human auditory system has a frequency characteristic that sounds of any frequency can be heard flat when sound having the frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 2 is input to the eardrum. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, when the earphone is not worn, the resonance of the one end closed tube of the external auditory canal 8 is emphasized, and the sound near 3 kHz constituting the peak changes to the closed-end tube resonance mode when the sealed earphone is worn. Therefore, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5, a peak near 3 kHz is not formed, so that the sound near 3 kHz is heard weaker than the actual sound.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique of placing an acoustic resistor (damper) on the sound path and a technique of changing the length and opening area of the sound path are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 As a means for suppressing high-frequency sound that is a problem, from the electroacoustic transducer 2 inside the earphone to the sound outlet 15 that guides the sound wave to the ear canal through the cylindrical sound guide portion 4. It has been proposed that an acoustic resistor (damper) 6 is installed in the middle of the sound path to be exchanged so that the sound quality of the earphone matches the user's preference.
- acoustic resistor (damper) 6 is installed in the middle of the sound path to be exchanged so that the sound quality of the earphone matches the user's preference.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an earphone having an acoustic resistor 6.
- This is a general structure of an earphone having an acoustic resistor 6, and the acoustic resistor 6 is made of a nonwoven fabric or a thin piece of foamed urethane.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the sound pressure-frequency characteristics of the earphone having the acoustic resistor 6.
- the broken line shows the characteristics when a sealed earphone without the acoustic resistor 6 is attached, and the solid line shows the case with the acoustic resistor 6 for comparison.
- the peak around 6 kHz is suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 in order to change the frequency characteristics of the sound wave passing through the sound path, a condition in which the material and the length are detachable inside the acoustic tube installed on the opposite side of the sound wave emission direction is changed.
- the broken line indicates the sound pressure-frequency characteristics at the eardrum position when a sealed earphone that does not take any countermeasures is worn
- the solid line indicates a sealed structure having an acoustic resistor 6 (damper) according to the technique of Patent Document 1.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and in a sealed earphone that is used by inserting a sound emitting unit into an ear canal entrance, a sound guide that transmits sound waves generated from an electroacoustic transducer to the ear canal entrance is used as a path.
- Two independent sound guide tubes having different lengths, and two sound waves generated from the electroacoustic transducer and passed through the two sound guide tubes are synthesized at the entrance of the ear canal, and the paths of the two sound guide tubes
- a sealed earphone characterized by suppressing the sound pressure of a frequency having a difference of 1/2 wavelength.
- the earphone sound source refers to sound output from the diaphragm of the electroacoustic transducer.
- the transfer function of a single-end closed tube resonance box refers to the frequency characteristic of the transfer function with the ear canal as the resonance box when the earphone is not worn, and the transfer function of the double-end closed tube resonance box refers to a sealed earphone. This refers to the frequency characteristics of the transfer function with the ear canal as a resonance box when worn.
- the transfer function of the sound guide portion of the sealed earphone on the left side creates the following state. That is, the molecule on the right side means to reproduce the characteristics of the single-end closed tube resonance box with the sealed earphone attached and without the earphone attached.
- the meaning of the denominator on the right side is to realize a characteristic that cancels the characteristic of the double-end closed tube resonance box generated by wearing the sealed earphone.
- the inventor has found that the sound quality is greatly improved by realizing the characteristics shown in the denominator on the right side, particularly by suppressing the sound in which the vicinity of 6 kHz is abnormally emphasized. It was also found that if the overall volume can be secured, the overall volume is secured even if the sound pressure around 3 kHz is not reproduced according to the characteristics shown in the numerator on the right side, so that the entire volume is secured.
- the frequency characteristic of the transfer function of the sound guide part of the sealed earphone has this peak. It is important to suppress the frequency sound.
- the present invention has realized this by utilizing the phenomenon that sound of a specific frequency is attenuated when sound waves pass through two paths having different lengths and then synthesized again.
- FIG. 8A is a conceptual diagram of a sealed earphone having two sound guide tubes having different path lengths according to the present invention.
- the first sound wave path is a path from the diaphragm 23 of the electroacoustic transducer 2 inside the earphone to the sound emission port 15 that passes through the linear sound guide tube 11 and is inserted into the ear canal entrance.
- the second path of the sound wave is similar to the sound guide tubes 12, 13 and 14 installed in a U-shape as a bypass of the linear sound guide tube 11 from the diaphragm 23 of the electroacoustic transducer 2 inside the earphone. This is a route that reaches the sound outlet 15.
- the sound wave that has entered the sound guide tube 11 is divided into a sound wave that travels through the sound guide tube 11 at a point P, which is a branch point, and a sound wave that travels through the sound guide tube 12 separately.
- the two branched sound waves independently pass through the sound guide tube 11 and the sound guide tubes 12, 13 and 14, and merge again at the confluence point Q, reach the sound emission port 15, and enter the ear canal.
- FIG. 8B is a conceptual diagram of a state where two sound waves are synthesized.
- FIG. 8B shows a case where a sound from one sound source is divided into two paths and is advanced at the exit of the path, and the phase is shifted by 180 degrees due to a difference in the length of the path. The amplitude of the sound wave is zero.
- Signal P ( ⁇ ) at point P P ( ⁇ ) 2Asin ⁇ t (Where, ⁇ is an angular velocity, t is time, and A is an arbitrary constant.)
- the signal Q ( ⁇ ) when the sound equally divides into two paths at the point P, passes through a predetermined path, and is synthesized at the recombination point Q, V is the sound velocity and L is 2 As the difference between the lengths of the two paths, Q ( ⁇ ) Asin ⁇ t + Asin ( ⁇ t + ⁇ L / V) It becomes.
- the transfer function T PQ of the waveform from the point P to the point Q is T PQ ⁇ cos ⁇ L / 2V
- the transfer function T PQ ′ of sound pressure is T PQ ′ ⁇
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ f T PQ ' ⁇
- ⁇ Equation 7
- FIG. 9 is a transfer function of the sound guide part of the sealed earphone.
- FIG. 9 shows the ⁇ transfer function of the closed tube resonant box >> shown by the solid line in FIG.
- the solid line ⁇ the transfer function of the sound guide part of the sealed earphone >> and the broken line ⁇ the transfer function of the closed tube resonant box >> shown in FIG. 9 are combined according to Equation 5, the sealed earphone having the multiple paths of the present invention is mounted.
- a graph indicated by a solid line in FIG. 10 is obtained. This graph shows frequency characteristics applied to the eardrum when a human wears a sealed earphone having the U-shaped sound guide tube shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 8 as a bypass.
- FIG. 10 shows the frequency characteristics of ⁇ the transfer function of the closed tube resonant box >> when a human wears a simple sealed earphone that does not take special measures including the techniques proposed in Patent Documents 1 and 2. (Double-end closed tube resonance characteristics shown by a solid line in FIG. 5) are shown by being superimposed by a broken line.
- the sealed earphone with a U-shaped bypass has a relatively flat characteristic with a sound pressure around 6 kHz suppressed compared to a simple sealed earphone, and the sound quality It can be seen that a peak is shown in the vicinity of 12 kHz in the high frequency range that influences.
- the shape of the characteristic graph of the central part near 6 kHz is depicted as being convex upward. This is not an important point because the shape of the graph is determined to be convex upward or downward depending on the design and mounting state.
- the important point is that, according to the present invention, what has shown a large peak in the vicinity of 6 kHz is suppressed, and the reverberation of the warn is eliminated.
- the characteristics of the sound pressure in the high range up to a little above 10kHz that affect the sound quality are greatly emphasized, but even if the sound pressure in the vicinity is emphasized considerably due to the characteristics of the human ear, It does not resonate, and the high tone is simply heard as an emphasized sound and never touches.
- the characteristic of about 15 kHz or more has finally deteriorated.
- this region is inherently inaudible to the human ear, the actual sound quality of the earphone is Has little effect.
- two independent sound guides having different path lengths are used as a sound guiding unit that transmits sound waves generated from the electroacoustic transducer to the ear canal.
- two sound waves generated from the electroacoustic transducer and passing through the two sound guide tubes are synthesized at a sound outlet near the entrance of the ear canal, and the path difference between the two sound guide tubes is divided into two Since it is possible to suppress the sound pressure at a frequency of one wavelength and an integer multiple of the frequency, it is possible to prevent a decrease in volume of the entire sound range while suppressing a sound pressure peak at an undesirable frequency due to double-end closed tube resonance. As a result, there is an effect that it is possible to realize a sound quality that is not inferior to that when the earphone is not worn.
- the first embodiment is a sealed earphone that is used by inserting a sound emitting part into an ear canal entrance.
- a sound guide part that transmits sound waves generated from an electroacoustic transducer to the ear canal entrance.
- Two independent path lengths are provided.
- Two sound guide tubes, two sound waves generated from the electroacoustic transducer and passing through the two sound guide tubes are synthesized at the entrance of the ear canal, and the path difference between the two sound guide tubes is divided by a half wavelength.
- the sealed earphone is characterized in that the sound pressure of the frequency is suppressed, and the path difference between the two sound guide tubes is equal to the distance between the ear canal entrance and the eardrum behind the ear canal.
- the sound guide portion for transmitting the sound wave generated from the electroacoustic transducer to the entrance to the ear canal is composed of a double cylindrical member, and is fitted inside the outer first cylindrical member.
- a spiral groove is formed on the outer periphery of the second cylindrical member to be joined, and the first sound guide tube that is a linear path that forms the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical member; And an inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical member, and a second sound guide tube that is a path formed by the spiral groove formed on the outer periphery of the second cylindrical member.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of a sealed earphone including a sound guide portion formed by a double cylindrical member.
- FIG. 11B is a sketch of the cylindrical member 42 having a spiral groove.
- FIG. 11C is a front view of the sound guide unit 4.
- the sealed earphone includes an electroacoustic transducer 2 installed inside the external housing 1, and a lead wire 3 for connecting the electroacoustic transducer 2 to an external amplifier or the like. , And a sound guide 4 that transmits sound waves generated by the electroacoustic transducer 2 to the ear canal, and a ear pad 5 that serves as a cushion when inserted into the ear canal and simultaneously blocks external noise.
- the sound guide portion 4 is fixed to the external housing 1 by an appropriate method (not shown).
- the ear pad 5 is inserted into and fixed to the sound guide portion 4 beyond the protrusion formed at the tip portion of the sound guide portion 4 by utilizing its elasticity.
- the ear pad 5 can be replaced as appropriate.
- the sound guide tube that guides the sound wave from the electroacoustic transducer 2 inside the earphone to the ear canal is a simple pipe.
- the sound guide section 4 in this embodiment shown in FIG. 11A is composed of a double tubular member of an outer first tubular member 41 and an inner second tubular member 42, and is a second tube.
- the outer diameter of the cylindrical member is equal to the inner diameter of the first cylindrical member 41, and the second cylindrical member 42 fits exactly inside the first cylindrical member 41. It has become.
- the external housing 1 is formed by molding a hard plastic or the like.
- the cylindrical member 41 and the cylindrical member 42 are formed by molding or cutting hard plastic, metal, or the like.
- the ear pad 5 is formed by molding soft plastic or rubber.
- the electroacoustic transducer 2 is fixed to the external housing 1 by an appropriate method (not shown).
- the electroacoustic transducer 2 includes a coil 21, a permanent magnet 22, and a diaphragm 23.
- the diaphragm is made of a magnetic metal thin plate.
- the linear hole 43 at the center of the second cylindrical member 42 is the first sound guide tube 43.
- a spiral groove 44 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical member 42. If the 2nd cylindrical member 42 is inserted in the hole of the 1st cylindrical member 41, as shown in FIG.11 (c), the internal peripheral surface of the 1st cylindrical member 41, and a 2nd cylindrical member
- the second sound guide tube 44 is constituted by a spiral groove 44 formed on the outer periphery of the 42. Sound waves enter and pass through the two sound guide tubes, respectively.
- the length of the passage is longer than the length of the second cylindrical member 42.
- wavelength ⁇ t of the sound wave of 6 kHz which is the target frequency to be attenuated is about 340 m / s at a temperature of 15 ° C.
- ⁇ t sonic velocity
- ⁇ frequency 340 (m / s) ⁇ 6000 (1 / s) ⁇ 0.0566 (m) It is.
- the length of the path passing through the linear first sound guide tube 43 is the length of the cylindrical member 42. This is Lmm.
- the length of the path passing through the spiral second sound guide tube 44 may be a length obtained by adding L to 28.3 mm, which is a half length of the wavelength obtained by calculation.
- the length of the cylindrical member 42 is L mm
- the diameter is D mm
- the depth of the spiral groove 45 is S mm
- the length of the sound guide portion 4 shown in this embodiment is 10 mm, when a practically shorter sound guide portion 4 is used, the number of spiral turns is 2.9 times depending on the length of the sound guide portion 4. Increase more.
- the difference in length between the path passing through the first sound guide tube 43 and the path passing through the second sound guide tube 44 is 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength, and a valley is generated at a position centered on the frequency 6 kHz in the frequency characteristics.
- sound waves can be attenuated.
- FIG. 15 shows the sound pressure-frequency characteristics at the eardrum position of each method.
- Figure 15 shows the frequency characteristics of the sound pressure applied to the eardrum when a human wears a simple sealed earphone that does not have special measures, and a sealed earphone with an acoustic resistor installed.
- the case where the closed type earphone having the sound guide part according to the present invention is attached is shown by a solid line and is superimposed by a solid line.
- the sealed earphone according to the present invention When the sealed earphone according to the present invention is worn, the generation of a peak around 6 kHz in the frequency characteristic of the sound pressure when the simple sealed earphone is worn is eliminated, and a little around 10 kHz when the acoustic resistor is applied.
- the decrease in sensitivity in the high region up to the top and the decrease in sensitivity in the entire region are improved.
- the sound wave generated from the electroacoustic transducer is used as a sound guide part for transmitting the sound wave to the ear canal entrance.
- Two sound guide tubes, two sound waves generated from the electroacoustic transducer and passing through the two sound guide tubes are synthesized at the entrance of the ear canal, and the path difference between the two sound guide tubes is divided by a half wavelength.
- a sealed earphone characterized by suppressing sound pressure at a frequency of the following: a sound wave generated from the electroacoustic transducer and transmitted to the ear canal entrance, the electroacoustic transducer; A first sound guide tube connecting the ear canal entrances with a straight path; and a second sound guide tube connecting the electroacoustic transducer and the ear canal entrances with a folded path. It is a sealed earphone characterized by.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a sketch of the sound guide section in which a folding type sound guide tube is installed.
- FIG. 12B is a sketch showing an imaginary line passing through the center of the sound guide tube 52.
- the structure other than the sound guide portion 50 of the sealed earphone of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- Two sound guide tubes having different lengths are realized by a combination of a first sound guide tube 51 having a linear shape and a second sound guide tube 52 having a folding path.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating the structure of the sound guide section 50, and shows a case where the sound guide tube 52 is folded twice.
- the sound guide tube 51 enters from the left front surface of the cylindrical sound guide portion 50, proceeds linearly, and penetrates the right rear surface.
- the sound guide tube 52 enters from the left front surface of the sound guide portion 50, refracts twice inside the sound guide portion 50 without penetrating the left, right front, back and side surfaces, and finally penetrates the right back surface. ing.
- the structure of the sound guide tube 52 is complicated, the folded structure will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinates shown at the left end of FIG. This coordinate axis is common to all explanations using FIG.
- the xz plane formed by the coordinate axes is parallel to the front surface and the back surface of the cylindrical sound guide section 50, and the y axis is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sound guide section 50 and passes through the center of the sound guide section 50.
- FIG. 12 (b) only a virtual line passing through the center of the sound guide tube 52 is shown except for the surrounding parts in order to help understanding.
- the sound guide tube 52 starts from an entrance 521 on the left front surface of the cylindrical sound guide section 50, and then proceeds on the entrance-side straight path 522 in the positive direction of the y-axis.
- the sound guide tube 52 bends in the x-axis direction at a position just before the sound guide portion 50 penetrates the rear surface on the right side of the screen, and proceeds along the transverse path 523 in the plus direction of the x-axis.
- the sound guide tube 52 bends again in the y-axis direction and proceeds on the return path 524 in the negative direction of the y-axis.
- the sound guide tube 52 bends in the z-axis direction at a position just before the sound guide portion 50 penetrates the front surface on the left side of the screen, and proceeds on the longitudinal path 525 in the minus direction of the z-axis.
- the sound guide tube 52 bends again in the y-axis direction and proceeds on the exit-side straight path 526 in the plus direction of the y-axis. Proceed as it is, pierce the right side back, reach the exit 527 and finish.
- FIG. 13 (b1) is a front view of the sound guide section 50 viewed from the left side of the drawing in the positive direction of the y-axis.
- the sound guide tube 51 is in the third quadrant of the xz plane and the sound guide 52 is in the second quadrant of the xz plane.
- FIG. 13B2 is a cross-sectional view at the position indicated by B-B ′ in FIG.
- the passage of the sound guide tube 51 is seen
- the sound guide tube 51 is seen from the front entrance to the positive direction of the y axis
- the first quadrant A path through which the sound guide tube 52 returns in the negative direction of the y-axis can be seen.
- a path through which the sound guide tube 52 proceeds to the outlet on the right side in FIG. 13A in the positive direction of the y axis can be seen.
- FIG. 13B3 is a cross-sectional view at the position indicated by C-C ′ in FIG.
- the sound guide tube 52 extends from the second quadrant of the xz plane to the first quadrant, and bends in the x-axis direction to connect a path passing through the second quadrant and the first quadrant.
- FIG. 13B4 is a cross-sectional view at the position indicated by D-D ′ in FIG. In this position, the sound guide tube 52 extending from the second quadrant of the xz plane to the first quadrant is not visible in the cross-sectional view of the position indicated by CC ′, and the sound guide tube 52 is not visible from the second quadrant of the xz plane. It can be seen that in the position of the first quadrant, the sound guide 50 does not penetrate through the right back surface.
- FIG. 13B5 is a cross-sectional view at the position indicated by A-A ′ in FIG.
- the sound guide tube 52 extends from the first quadrant to the fourth quadrant on the xz plane, and is bent in the z-axis direction to connect the passages passing through the first quadrant and the fourth quadrant. After reaching the passage through the fourth quadrant, the sound guide tube 52 again proceeds in the positive direction of the y-axis, and the cross section seen in FIG. 13 (b2) is visible again.
- the sound guide tube 52 reaches the right rear surface of the cylindrical sound guide section 50.
- a rear view of FIG. 13 (b6) can be seen.
- the sound guide tube 51 is in the third quadrant of the xz plane and the sound guide tube 52 is in the fourth quadrant.
- the sound guide part 50 is created by dividing hard plastic, metal, etc. into several members, molding or cutting, and assembling.
- the second sound guide tube 52 of this embodiment is folded twice inside, and its total length is the length of the sound guide portion 50 plus twice the length of the folded portion 53. .
- the length of the folded portion 53 may be 14.2 mm. If the length of the sound guide portion 50 is, for example, 16 mm, the folded portion 63 having a length of 14.2 mm can be accommodated therein.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the sound guide section 50 having the four-turned sound guide tube 52.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional folded structure of the sound guide tube 52 developed on a plane so that it can be easily understood.
- the object can be achieved by setting the length of the folded portion 53 to 7.1 mm and the length of the sound guide portion 50 to 10 mm, for example. According to this, the difference between the lengths of the two sound guide tubes is about 28.3 mm, and the same frequency characteristic can be obtained.
- the difference in length between the path passing through the first sound guide tube 51 and the path passing through the second sound guide tube 52 becomes a half wavelength of the sound wave of 6 kHz, and the frequency characteristic is centered on the frequency of 6 kHz. A valley is generated at the position, and the sound can be attenuated.
- FIG. 15 The effect of the second embodiment is shown in FIG. 15 as in the first embodiment. Since the detailed description is duplicated, it will be omitted.
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Abstract
Description
片端閉管共振になると、定在波が発生して、閉管の閉じた端で空気の振動は最小(圧力変化は最大)になり、閉管の開いた端で空気の振動は最大(圧力変化は最小)になるような共振が起こる。
外耳道入口7から鼓膜9に向けて(これを+x方向とする)、速さVで進んでいる波長λの音波の、時間tにおける式p1は、次のように書ける。ここでAは任意の値である。
p1(x、t)=Asin{2π(x-Vt)/λ}
同様に、鼓膜9で反射して外耳道入口7に向けて(これを-x方向とする)、速さV で進んでいる音波p2は、次のように書ける。
p2(x、t)=Asin{2π(x+Vt)/λ}
P(x、t)=p1(x、t)+p2(x、t)
=Asin{2π(x-Vt)/λ}+Asin{2π(x+Vt)/λ}
=Asin(2πx/λ)・sin(2πVt/λ)
周波数fを使って、λ=V/fの関係でこれを書き直すと、
P(x、t)=Asin(2πxf/V)・sin2πtf ・・・(数式1)
が得られる。
時刻tに関係なく、振幅がいつも最大である点を求める。
sin2πx/λ=1
よって、
2πx/λ=±(2n-1)π/2
x座標が正の部分だけとれば、 x=(2n-1)λ/4 但しnは正の整数
L=(2n-1)λ/4
ここで、λ=V/fであるので、
L=(2n-1)V/4f
∴ f=(2n-1)V/4L ・・・・・・(数式2)
となる。
図1(b1)に示したのは、1次共振(n=1)の状態であり、図1(b2)に示したのは、2次共振(n=2)の状態である。
f1=V/4L≒2833~3400(Hz)
2次(n=2)の共振周波数f2は
f2=3V/4L=8500~10200(Hz)
となる。
理論的には共振は共振周波数のみで起こるので、音圧-周波数特性は鋭いピークを示すが、実際には、その前後の周波数に分布したような特性となる。
定在波が発生する両端閉管共振状態では、管端となる鼓膜9ならびに外耳道入口7に挿入されるイヤホンパッド5の位置で空気の振動は最小(圧力変化は最大)になり、両者の中間の位置で空気の振動は最大(圧力変化は最小)になる。
図3(b1)に示したのは、1次共振(n=1)の場合であり、図3(b2)に示したのは、2次共振(n=2)の場合である。
この2つの特性を比較すると、実線の特許文献1の技術では、確かに6kHz付近の音圧はイヤホンを装着しない場合、すなわち図2と同等のレベルに抑制されているが、音質に影響を与える10kHz付近の少し上までの高域の音圧が大きく低下しているので高音がほとんどないような音になってしまうことが大きな問題である。さらにまた、音域全体にわたる音圧が低下しているので、全体として音量が不足するという問題がある。
《鼓膜に印加される音圧》=《外耳道入口に印加される音圧》
×《片端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
また、イヤホンを装着していないのであるから、外耳道入口に印加される音圧は特定できないが、計算を容易にするために、今仮にイヤホンの音源の音圧と等しい音圧が外耳道入口に印加されるとすれば、
《外耳道入口に印加される音圧》=《イヤホン音源の音圧》
である。
《鼓膜に印加される音圧》
=《イヤホン音源の音圧》×《片端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
・・・・・・(数式3)
となる。
《鼓膜に印加される音圧》
=《外耳道入口に印加される音圧》×《両端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
また、
《外耳道入口に印加される音圧》
=《イヤホン放音口から出力される音圧》
=《イヤホン音源の音圧》×《密閉型イヤホンの導音部の伝達関数》
である。
《鼓膜に印加される音圧》
=《イヤホン音源の音圧》×《密閉型イヤホンの導音部の伝達関数》
×《両端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》 ・・・・・・(数式4)
となる。
《イヤホン音源の音圧》×《片端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
=《イヤホン音源の音圧》×《密閉型イヤホンの導音部の伝達関数》
×《両端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
が得られる。
《密閉型イヤホンの導音部の伝達関数》
=《片端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》÷《両端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》
・・・・・・(数式5)
P(ω)=2Asin ωt
(ここでωは角速度、tは時間、Aは任意の定数である。)
とし、P点で2つの経路に均等に音が分岐し、それぞれが所定の経路を通過して、再合成点Qで合成されたときの信号Q(ω)は、Vを音速、Lを2つの経路の長さの差として、
Q(ω)=Asin ωt +Asin( ωt+ωL/V)
となる。
Q(ω)=Asin( ωt-ωL/2V)+Asin( ωt+ωL/2V)
=2Asinωt・cos ωL/2V
=P(ω)・cosωL/2V
・・・・(数式6)
で与えられる。
TPQ∝ cos ωL/2V
これより音圧の伝達関数TPQ′は
TPQ′∝|cos ωL/2V |
で与えられる。この式に於いて、ω=2πfを用いて書き直すと
TPQ′∝|cos πfL/V | ・・・・(数式7)
(ここでfは周波数とする。)
となる。
すなわち数式7に於いて、2L=V/f(経路差の2倍が波長に等しい)の場合、f=V/2L ≒6kHz近辺で、伝達関数は周波数特性に谷を示す。
この図9で示される実線《密閉型イヤホンの導音部の伝達関数》と破線《両端閉管共振ボックスの伝達関数》とを数式5に従って、合成すると本発明の複数経路を有する密閉型イヤホンを装着した場合の《鼓膜に印加される音圧》として、図10に実線で示すグラフが得られる。
このグラフが、図8の概念図に示したコの字型の導音管をバイパスとして有する密閉型イヤホンを人間が装着した場合の鼓膜に印加される周波数特性を示す。
減衰したい目的の周波数である6kHzの音波の波長λtは、音速は気温15℃において約340m/sであるから、
λt=音速÷周波数
=340(m/s)÷6000(1/s)
≒0.0566(m)
である。
第2の導音管の長さ
=[{m×π×(D-S)}2+L2]1/2(mm)
ΔL=[{m×π×(D-S)}2+L2]1/2-L(mm)
となる。
このとき、数式8を用いてΔLの値が28.3mmになるための螺旋の巻数を求める。
28.3=[{m×π×(5-1)}2+102]1/2-10
≒(158m2+102)-10
158m2+102=(28.3+10)2
上記の計算式から、m≒2.9(回)が得られる。
これは、プラスチック材料などによって、容易に実現できる値である。
導音管51は、円柱形状の導音部50の左側の正面から入り、直線状に進み、右側の背面に貫通している。
第1の導音管51は直線状であるので、長さは導音部50と等しい。本実施例の第2の導音管52は、内部で2回折り返されており、その全長は導音部50の長さに、折り返し部53の長さの2倍を加えた長さになる。
図14は、4回折り返しの導音管52を持つ導音部50の立体的な構造を模式図として示したものである。導音管52の立体的な折り返し構造を、理解しやすいように、仮に平面に展開した模式的な断面図である。
2 電気音響変換器
3 リード線
4 導音部
5 イヤーパッド
6 音響抵抗体
7 外耳道入口
8 外耳道
9 鼓膜
10 密閉型イヤホン
11 直線状の導音管
12 コの字型の導音管下降部
13 コの字型の導音管横行部
14 コの字型の導音管上昇部
15 放音口
21 コイル
22 永久磁石
23 振動板
30 人体
41 第1の筒状部材
42 第2の筒状部材
43 第1の導音管、穴
44 第2の導音管、溝
50 導音部
51 第1の導音管
52 第2の導音管
53 折り返し部
521 入口
522 入側直進路
523 横行路
524 帰行路
525 縦行路
526 出側直進路
527 出口
Claims (4)
- 放音部を外耳道入口に挿入して用いる密閉型イヤホンにおいて、
電気音響変換器から発生する音波を、外耳道入口に伝達する導音部として、
経路長の異なる独立した2つの導音管を具備し、
該電気音響変換器から発生し、該2つの導音管を通過した2つの音波が外耳道入口で合成され、
該2つの導音管の経路差を2分1波長とする周波数の音圧を抑制することを
特徴とする密閉型イヤホン。 - 請求項1に記載の密閉型イヤホンであって、
該2つの導音管の経路差が該外耳道入口付近に位置する該密閉型イヤホンの放音口と該外耳道奥に位置する鼓膜との間隔にほぼ等しく、該放音口と該鼓膜の間に構成される両端閉管共振空間の第1次共振周波を抑圧することを特徴とする密閉型イヤホン - 請求項1に記載の密閉型イヤホンであって、
該電気音響変換器から発生する音波を、該外耳道入口に伝達する該導音部は2重の筒状部材からなり、
外側の第1の筒状部材の内側に嵌合(かんごう)する第2の筒状部材の外周に、螺旋状の溝が形成され、
該第2の筒状部材の内周面をなす直線状の経路である第1の導音管と
該第1の筒状部材の内周面と、該第2の筒状部材の外周に形成した該螺旋状の溝によって構成される経路である第2の導音管とを
備えることを特徴とする密閉型イヤホン。 - 請求項1に記載の密閉型イヤホンであって、
該電気音響変換器から発生する音波を、該外耳道入口に伝達する該導音部において、
該電気音響変換器と該外耳道入口の間を直線状の経路で連結する第1の導音管と、
該電気音響変換器と該外耳道入口の間を折り返し状の経路で連結する第2の導音管とを備えることを特徴とする密閉型イヤホン。
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EP11805366.9A EP2461602B1 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2011-07-13 | Earphone |
DK11805366.9T DK2461602T3 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2011-07-13 | Earphone |
US13/501,736 US8885865B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2011-07-13 | Earphone |
CN201180004543.5A CN102812724B (zh) | 2010-10-05 | 2011-07-13 | 耳机 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DK2461602T3 (en) | 2015-02-09 |
EP2461602A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
US20120195440A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP2461602B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
JP4681698B1 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
JP2012080440A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
EP2461602A4 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
CN102812724B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US8885865B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
CN102812724A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
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