WO2012039377A1 - タンパク質結晶の観測方法 - Google Patents
タンパク質結晶の観測方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012039377A1 WO2012039377A1 PCT/JP2011/071332 JP2011071332W WO2012039377A1 WO 2012039377 A1 WO2012039377 A1 WO 2012039377A1 JP 2011071332 W JP2011071332 W JP 2011071332W WO 2012039377 A1 WO2012039377 A1 WO 2012039377A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- ultra
- crystal
- light source
- light
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 description 83
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 73
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 11
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000192707 Synechococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012912 drug discovery process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009021 linear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4795—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/0209—Low-coherence interferometers
- G01B9/02091—Tomographic interferometers, e.g. based on optical coherence
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/30—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
- C07K1/306—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation by crystallization
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/178—Methods for obtaining spatial resolution of the property being measured
- G01N2021/1785—Three dimensional
- G01N2021/1787—Tomographic, i.e. computerised reconstruction from projective measurements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a protein crystal observation method for producing a high-quality single crystal of protein.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- microcrystals and crystals in high turbidity solutions were observed using a digital microscope or high-resolution optical microscope, but it was difficult to observe the shape in the depth direction (three-dimensional observation). . Moreover, it was more difficult to observe crystals in a highly turbid solution.
- the invention described in claim 1 A protein crystal observation method characterized by observing a protein crystal produced by a crystallization method using a gel by OCT measurement using light emitted from an ultra-wideband light source.
- the present inventor is an OCT measurement that obtains a tomographic image of a living body without cutting a measurement target such as a living tissue as a technique for non-destructive and three-dimensional observation by in-situ measurement in real time in a non-destructive manner.
- a measurement target such as a living tissue
- the present inventor uses an ultra-wideband light source, so that an ultra-high resolution image can be obtained even for a minute and highly transparent protein crystal. I thought it would be possible.
- the growth process of the protein crystal can be non-destructively observed in three dimensions in real time, and based on the observed information. Since the crystal growth process can be controlled with high accuracy, a high-quality single crystal can be manufactured.
- the scattered light signal can be enhanced by the gel, so that ultra-high resolution and high sensitivity OCT measurement can be performed. It is possible to realize a single crystal with higher quality by controlling the crystal growth with higher accuracy.
- a transparent protein crystal is preferable.
- transparent protein crystals have little backscattered light, it is difficult to observe the growth process.
- it was found that visualization is possible by enhancing the scattered light signal and extracting a phase difference caused by a difference in refractive index of the crystal.
- the scattered light signal is enhanced by placing the gel in or around the crystal. Therefore, the phase difference caused by the refractive index difference of the crystal can be easily extracted. It can be easily visualized and the growth of transparent protein crystals can be controlled easily and with high precision.
- ultra-wide band light source refers to a light source that emits light having a spectral bandwidth of 50 to 1000 nm.
- an ultra-wide band light emitting diode or an ultra-wide band super continuum (SC) light source in which a single or a plurality of SLDs (super luminescent diodes) are connected can be used.
- the invention described in claim 2 2.
- an ultra-high resolution image can be obtained by using an ultra-wideband light source.
- the present inventor has disclosed Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-2815. It is preferable to use a super continuum light source (SC light source) that spreads over an ultra-wide band due to non-linear effects, and among them, it is low noise, high coherence, gaussian, etc., unimodal and smooth It has been found that a highly accurate ultra-wideband SC light source having a spectral shape is preferred.
- SC light source super continuum light source
- Such a high-accuracy ultra-wideband SC light source is too wide as it is and cannot be used for a normal fiber type OCT in which the bandwidth is limited by an optical fiber.
- a light source that emits light having a spectral bandwidth of 100 to 200 nm is used.
- the invention according to claim 3 3.
- ultra-wideband SC light having a center wavelength of 0.8 ⁇ m is preferable.
- depth resolution is 2 ⁇ m or less and sensitivity is 110 dB.
- the invention according to claim 4 The protein crystal observation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protein crystal is observed by in-situ measurement.
- the use of ultra-wideband light enables non-destructive, real-time three-dimensional measurement of protein crystal growth processes, enabling high-precision observation by in-situ measurement and in-situ measurement.
- an evaluation system for crystallization ability can be formed based on the measurement result, or screening can be automated.
- a high-quality single crystal can be manufactured automatically. Since the crystal shape can be evaluated in the depth direction, the crystal mounting operation can be automated, and it is hoped that the entire process from crystal production to X-ray crystal analysis can be automated.
- the invention described in claim 5 A protein crystal evaluation method, wherein the protein crystal is evaluated using the protein crystal observation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
- protein crystals can be observed with high accuracy by using an ultra-wideband light source.
- the crystallization method using gel can enhance the scattered light signal and more easily observe protein crystals.
- the invention according to claim 8 provides: 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the ultra-wide band light source is an ultra-wide band super continuum light source.
- the invention according to claim 9 is: 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a center wavelength of light emitted from the ultra-wideband super continuum light source is a 0.8 ⁇ m band.
- the OCT measurement apparatus used in the protein crystal observation method is: An ultra-wideband light source, Light branching means for branching light emitted from the ultra-wideband light source into signal light and reference light; Signal light irradiation means for irradiating the protein crystal with the signal light branched by the light branching means; Optical path length adjusting means for adjusting the optical path length of the reference light branched by the light branching means; Based on the interference signal between the reference light whose optical path length has been changed by the optical path length adjusting means and the scattered light irradiated by the signal light irradiating means and reflected by the protein crystal, the tomographic information inside the protein crystal It is preferable to include a measuring means for measuring
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the main part of the OCT measurement apparatus and is a diagram for explaining the measurement principle in OCT measurement.
- 10a is a light source
- 34a is a reference light mirror
- 35a is an optical splitter (beam splitter)
- 40a is a photodetector
- 50a is a sample.
- the reference light mirror 34a moves in the vertical direction (movement amount ⁇ m) so that the optical path length of the reference light can be changed.
- the light emitted from the light source 10a is split into signal light directed to the sample 50a and reference light directed to the reference light mirror 34a by the optical splitter 35a.
- the signal light directed toward the sample 50a is incident on the sample 50a and then reflected to generate scattered light.
- the reference light directed toward the reference light mirror 34a is reflected by the reference light mirror 34a.
- the reference light mirror 34a is moved in accordance with the measurement depth in the sample 50a to adjust the optical path length of the reference light.
- the generated scattered light and the reference light whose optical path length is adjusted are spatially overlapped by the combining means to cause interference.
- This interference light is detected and measured by the photodetector 40a. As a result, it is possible to measure information according to the internal fault of the protein crystal.
- ⁇ is the center wavelength of the Gaussian spectrum
- ⁇ is the spectrum width at this time.
- an ultra-wideband SC light source having a spectrum as shown in FIG. 3 is used as an example of the light source.
- the upper diagram is a linear display of the ultra-wideband SC light
- the lower diagram is a logarithmic display.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm)
- the vertical axis represents intensity (au and dB).
- bandwidth wide band
- ⁇ 580 nm
- the ultra-wideband light source is an ultra-wideband supercontinuum light source.
- ultra-wideband light source As described above, by using an ultra-wideband light source, it is possible to obtain a high-resolution image.
- these ultra-wideband light sources a low-noise, high-coherence, gaussian, etc. single-peak smooth spectrum shape
- High-accuracy ultra-wideband SC light source with high sensitivity makes it possible to measure with high sensitivity and ultra-high resolution, as well as measurement of polarization dependence using linearly polarized light and spectroscopic analysis with a very wide band. Since high-performance measurements such as measurement and phase difference measurement utilizing coherence are possible, not only the observation of crystals but also information on the composition and physical properties of the surrounding environment can be observed.
- the protein crystal observation device used in the protein crystal observation method according to the present invention includes the OCT measurement device described above.
- Equipped with an ultra-high resolution and high-sensitivity OCT measurement device it can perform ultra-high resolution and high-sensitivity OCT measurement even for protein crystals with a size of several tens of ⁇ m. Dimensional observation is possible. As a result, the crystal growth can be controlled with higher accuracy, and a higher quality single crystal can be produced. This greatly contributes to the rapid and accurate analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the protein using X-ray crystallography. it can.
- ultra-high resolution and high-sensitivity OCT measurement can be performed by using an ultra-high resolution and high-sensitivity OCT measurement device, so that protein crystal growth can be observed non-destructively and three-dimensionally in real time. can do. Since the crystal growth process can be controlled with high accuracy based on the observed information, a high-quality single crystal can be manufactured.
- protein crystals and salts can be distinguished. Therefore, protein crystals can be clearly separated without destruction, and high-quality single crystals can be produced.
- the growth process of a protein crystal can be non-destructively observed in three dimensions in real time, the crystal growth can be controlled with high accuracy, and a high-quality single crystal can be produced.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an OCT apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention, which is an ultra-wideband SC light generation unit having an average wavelength of 1.5 ⁇ m. It is a figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the provided OCT apparatus. This OCT apparatus is roughly classified into an ultra-wideband SC light generation unit indicated by a thick solid line and an observation unit indicated by a thin solid line.
- FIG. 1 10 is a semiconductor laser, 11 is a polarization beam coupler (PBC), and 12 is a wavelength division multiplex coupler (WDM).
- Reference numeral 13 denotes a high-concentration erbium-doped fiber (HC-EDF) (100 cm), and 14 denotes a connection part (Monitor out) with an external monitor.
- HC-EDF high-concentration erbium-doped fiber
- Monitoring out connection part with an external monitor.
- 15 is a single mode fiber (SMF28), and 16 is a normal dispersion nonlinear fiber (NDHNF).
- SMF28 single mode fiber
- NDHNF normal dispersion nonlinear fiber
- ⁇ / 2 represents a half-wave plate
- ⁇ / 4 represents a quarter-wave plate
- PBS represents a polarizing beam splitter
- FR represents a Faraday rotator
- BT represents a birefringent plate.
- the semiconductor lasers 10 are ultrashort pulse lasers that generate laser light having a wavelength of 976 nm.
- two semiconductor lasers 10 are arranged from the viewpoint of high output.
- the reason why light having a wavelength of 976 nm is employed is that it is suitable for exciting an erbium-doped fiber.
- Each laser beam generated by the two semiconductor lasers 10 is polarized by the PBC 11.
- the two polarized laser beams are multiplexed by the WDM 12.
- the combined laser light is sent to the lens system 20 with the intensity increased by the high-concentration erbium-doped fiber 13.
- the laser light that has passed through the lens system 20 and reached the single mode fiber 15 is then ultra-wideband SC light having a Gaussian spectrum (average wavelength 1.5 ⁇ m) shown in FIG. 4 by the high-concentration erbium-doped fiber 16. Is generated.
- 32 is an OCT probe (OCT probe) as a scanning irradiation light receiving means
- 34 is a high speed scanning part (High speed scanning delay line) as an optical path length adjusting means
- 33a and 33b are respective polarization controllers (Polarization controllers). ).
- 35 is an optical branching / multiplexing unit
- 36 is an optical branching unit.
- Reference numeral 40 denotes a photodetector
- reference numeral 41 denotes an electronic device section (Detection electronic), which is connected to a computer 42.
- Reference numeral 50 denotes an observed sample.
- (B) Function The ultra-wideband SC light generated in the above is sent to the optical branching / multiplexing unit 35 via the circulator 30 and is split equally into 50/50, that is, the signal light and the reference light. Is done.
- the signal light is sent to the OCT probe 32 via the polarization adjuster 33a, and the reference light is sent to the high speed scanning unit 34 via the polarization adjuster 33b.
- the signal light sent to the OCT probe 32 is irradiated to the sample 50.
- Scattered light is generated from the sample 50 by the irradiation of the signal light.
- the focal position in the sample 50 can be changed by adjusting the interval between the two lenses shown in the figure.
- the reference light sent to the high-speed scanning unit 34 is reflected while changing the optical path length.
- Scattered light is received by the OCT probe 32 and sent to the optical branching / combining device 35 via the polarization adjuster 33a.
- the reference light whose optical path length has been adjusted is sent to the optical splitter / multiplexer 35 via the polarization adjuster 33b.
- the scattered light and the reference light are combined by the optical branching / combining device 35 to generate interference light.
- the generated interference light is combined with the light from the aiming light irradiator 31 at a ratio of 10:90 and sent to the photodetector 40.
- the light detector 40 that has detected the interference light outputs an interference signal corresponding thereto.
- the interference signal is sent to the computer 42 via the electronic device unit 41 and then processed to output the position information of the sample 50.
- FIG. 5 shows another example of the OCT apparatus used in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the ultra wideband SC light generation part of the OCT apparatus provided with the part.
- FIG. 6 shows this OCT apparatus.
- 71 is an ultra-wideband SC light generator
- 72 is a Ti: sapphire laser
- 73 is a polarizer
- 74 is a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF)
- 75 is a single mode fiber ( SMF).
- the ultra-wideband SC light generation unit 71 generates ultra-wideband SC light having an average wavelength of 0.8 ⁇ m shown in FIG.
- the ultra-wideband SC light generation unit 71 By using a high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser (Ti: sapphire laser) 72 and a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) 74 exhibiting normal dispersion characteristics, unlike ordinary SC light with very large noise, the ultra-wideband SC light generation unit 71 generates low-noise, Gaussian and broadband high-precision SC light.
- Ti sapphire laser
- PMF polarization maintaining fiber
- 81 is an OCT apparatus
- 82 is the ultra-wideband SC light generation unit shown in FIG. 5
- 83 is a balance detector
- 84 is a computer (PC)
- 85 is An aiming light irradiator
- 86 and 87 are PCs for adjusting the optical path length
- 88 is a galvanometer mirror (XY Galvo)
- 89 is a fiber coupler.
- the fiber coupler 89 a 1: 1 fiber coupler having a wide wavelength band is used, and a lens that compensates for chromatic dispersion in the measurement system and has a short focal length and corrected chromatic dispersion is used.
- the interference waveform shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained by using the ultra-wideband SC light having the spectrum shown in FIG. 7 as the light source of the OCT apparatus shown in FIG. That is, a beautiful interference waveform having no side component is obtained, and ultra-high resolution measurement of 2.9 ⁇ m in air and 2.1 ⁇ m in a sample becomes possible.
- a red reference beam is superimposed on the SC light, the sample is irradiated with laser, and the laser irradiation position is observed with a CCD camera, and the protein crystal is measured by 3D measurement. Observe the structure and arrangement of At this time, different samples on the same plate can be observed by moving the stage on which the sample is placed by automatic control.
- a protein crystal as a sample will be described.
- a protein crystal that is crystal-grown in a gel is preferably used. Specifically, it is preferable to grow a crystal by impregnating a protein in a gel such as agar, or by mixing the gel and the protein and allowing them to stand.
- Example 1 protein crystals grown in a gel were observed using an optical microscope and an OCT apparatus using ultra-wideband SC light as a light source, and the observation results of both were compared.
- Agar Solution (Gel) An agar solution was prepared using 3 mg of agar and 50 ml of ultrapure water, and then 100 ⁇ l of ultrapure water was added to 400 ⁇ l of the agar solution to obtain a gel solution.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a microscope image and (b) is an OCT image. Although protein crystals are present during precipitation (locations indicated by ⁇ ), it is difficult to confirm the presence of crystals in the microscopic image as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the OCT image, as shown in FIG. 9B, the lysozyme crystals can be clearly confirmed.
- Example 2 In this example, a sample in which a protein crystal and a low molecular salt coexist was prepared, and the observation results with an optical microscope and an OCT apparatus were compared.
- FIG. 10 shows the observation result of the optical microscope
- FIG. 11 shows the result of the OCT observation. 10 and 11
- the low molecular salt crystals on the left side indicate calcium phosphate
- the protein crystals on the right side indicate lysozyme crystals.
- the microscopic images are all transparent crystals, and it is difficult to separate them.
- the OCT image as shown in FIG. 11, there is a clear difference in shape and signal intensity, and both can be separated.
- Example 3 when a crystal of egg white lysozyme as a protein is grown in a gel, the state when the crystal growth is performed while changing the gel concentration is observed.
- Agar Solution (Gel) An agar solution was prepared using 3 mg of agar and 50 ml of ultrapure water, and then 50 ⁇ l of ultrapure water was added to 450 ⁇ l of the agar solution to obtain a gel solution.
- the growth state of the crystal in the gel was observed using the CCD camera while monitoring the position of the crystal and the irradiation light.
- Example 4 when a crystal of lysozyme as a protein is grown in a gel, the state when the crystal is grown by changing the gel material is observed.
- 2 ⁇ l of the obtained gel was added to the drop portion of the crystallization plate and solidified, and then a mixed solution of 2 ⁇ l of the protein solution and 2 ⁇ l of the reservoir solution was laminated on the solidified gel. Next, 100 ⁇ l of the reservoir solution was added to the reservoir portion, and allowed to stand at 20 ° C. to form protein crystals by the sitting drop vapor diffusion method.
- the observation result (OCT image) is shown in FIG.
- A1, C1, and E1 represent plate drop numbers, and 1%, 2%, and 6% represent final gel concentrations.
- FIG. 14 when protein crystals are present in the solution, the occurrence of a phase difference can be confirmed in the OCT image, and the presence of protein crystals can be confirmed. And since this phase difference is visible when scattering occurs in the shape of the crystal, it can be seen that the protein crystal has a flat shape.
- Example 5 when a crystal of Synechococcus-derived phosphophosphokinase (PRK) as a protein is grown in a gel, the state when the crystal growth is performed by changing the gel material is observed.
- PRK Synechococcus-derived phosphophosphokinase
- a protein crystal was formed by the same method as in Example 4 except that the above gel solution was used.
- the presence of two protein crystals can be confirmed, but due to the difference in the scattering intensity, one (left side) has good crystallinity and the other (right side) has poor crystallinity. I understand. Thus, according to the present Example, the quality of crystallinity can be observed by the difference in scattering intensity.
- Example 6 In this example, when a crystal of PRK as a protein is grown in a gel, the state when the crystal growth is performed using a gel material different from those in Examples 4 and 5 is observed. Further, this comparative example is observed with an optical microscope.
- protein crystals can be observed in situ in real time with high resolution and non-destructiveness.
- protein crystals in high turbidity samples can be observed.
- 3D structure of crystal, 3D distribution, positional relationship between crystal and gel phase and liquid phase, salt and protein crystal, separation of incomplete crystal (amorphous) and complete crystal, identification of 3D arrangement, precipitation, aggregation, etc. Can be observed, and the distribution of the gel entering the inside of the crystal can also be observed.
- SYMBOLS 10 Semiconductor laser 10a Light source 11 Polarization beam coupler (PBC) 12 Wavelength division multiplexing coupler (WDM) 13 High-concentration erbium-doped fiber (HC-EDF) 14 Connection with external monitor 15, 75 Single mode fiber (SMF28) 16 Normal dispersion nonlinear fiber (NDHNF) 20 Lens system 30 Circulator 31, 85 Aiming light irradiator 32 OCT probes 33a, 33b Polarization adjuster 34 High-speed scanning unit 34a Reference light mirror 35 Optical splitter / multiplexer 35a Optical splitter (beam splitter) 36 Optical branching device 40, 40a Optical detector 41 Electronic device unit 42, 84 Computer 50, 50a Sample 71, 82 Ultra-wideband SC light generating unit 72 Ti: sapphire laser 73 Polarizer 74 Polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) 83 Balance detector 86, 87 Optical path length adjustment PC 88 Galvano mirror (XY Galvo) 89 Fiber couple
- PBC
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
超広帯域光源から発する光を用いたOCT計測により、ゲルを用いた結晶化法により作製されるタンパク質結晶の観測を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶の観測方法である。
前記超広帯域光源が、超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法である。
前記超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源から発する光の中心波長が、0.8μm帯であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法である。
前記タンパク質結晶の観測が、その場計測による観測であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法である。
請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法を用いて、タンパク質結晶の評価を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶の評価方法である。
請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法を用いて、タンパク質結晶と塩との分別を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法である。
タンパク質と塩とを含有する被測定材料をゲル化してゲル液を作製するゲル液作製工程と、
前記ゲル液から前記タンパク質を結晶化させるタンパク質結晶化工程と、
前記タンパク質結晶化工程後の前記ゲル液を、超広帯域光源から発する光を用いてOCT計測するOCT計測工程と、
前記OCT計測における光信号による情報を抽出することにより、前記タンパク質結晶と前記塩とを分別する分別工程と
を備えていることを特徴とするタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法である。
前記超広帯域光源が、超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法である。
前記超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源から発する光の中心波長が、0.8μm帯であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法である。
超広帯域光源と、
前記超広帯域光源から発した光を、信号光と参照光とに分岐する光分岐手段と、
前記光分岐手段により分岐された信号光を、前記タンパク質結晶に照射する信号光照射手段と、
前記光分岐手段により分岐された参照光の光路長を調節する光路長調節手段と、
前記光路長調節手段により光路長が変更された参照光と、前記信号光照射手段により照射され、前記タンパク質結晶により反射された散乱光との干渉信号に基づいて、前記タンパク質結晶の内部の断層情報を計測する計測手段と
を備えていることが好ましい。
最初に、OCT装置について説明する。なお、以下では、平均波長1.5μmの超広帯域SC光生成部が設けられたOCT装置と、平均波長0.8μmの超広帯域SC光生成部が設けられたOCT装置とを例に挙げて説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態において用いられるOCT装置の一例である平均波長1.5μmの超広帯域SC光生成部が設けられたOCT装置の要部の構成を示す図である。このOCT装置は、太い実線で示される超広帯域SC光生成部と細い実線で示される観測部に大別される。
(イ)構成
図1において、10は半導体レーザであり、11は偏光ビームカプラ(PBC)であり、12は波長分割多重カプラ(WDM)である。13は高濃度エルビウム添加ファイバ(HC-EDF)(100cm)であり、14は外部モニタとの接続部(Monitor out)である。
半導体レーザ10は、波長976nmのレーザ光を生成する超短パルスレーザであり、図1においては、高出力化の観点より2台配置されている。また、波長976nmの光を採用しているのは、エルビウム添加ファイバの励起に適しているためである。
(イ)構成
図1において、30はサーキュレータ(Circulator)、31は照準光照射器(Aiming beam)である。
上記において生成された超広帯域SC光は、サーキュレータ30を経由して、光分岐器兼合波器35に送られ、50/50、即ち、信号光と参照光とに均等に分岐される。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態において用いられるOCT装置の別の一例である平均波長0.8μmの超広帯域SC光生成部が設けられたOCT装置の超広帯域SC光生成部を示す図である。そして、図6は、このOCT装置を示す図である。
次に、試料であるタンパク質結晶について説明する。本実施の形態においては、ゲル中で結晶成長させたタンパク質結晶が好ましく用いられる。具体的には、寒天のようなゲル中にタンパク質を染込ませたり、ゲルとタンパク質とを混合して静置しておくことにより、結晶成長させることが好ましい。
本実施例においては、ゲル中で結晶成長させたタンパク質結晶を、光学顕微鏡および超広帯域SC光を光源とするOCT装置を用いて観測し、両者の観測結果を比較した。
(1)タンパク質溶液の調製
60mgの卵白リゾチームを、1.0mlの0.1M酢酸ナトリウムに溶解させ、60mg/mlのタンパク質溶液を調製した。
0.1M濃度の酢酸ナトリウム溶液(溶媒:超純水)を調製し(pH:4.5)、さらに、5.12M濃度の塩化ナトリウムを溶かし込み、リザーバー溶液を調製した。
3mgの寒天と50mlの超純水を用いて寒天液を調製し、その後、寒天液400μlに超純水100μlを加え、ゲル液とした。
0.6M濃度のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液(溶媒:超純水)を調製した。
132mgの塩化カルシウム二水和物を1mlの超純水に溶解して、1.5M濃度の塩化カルシウム溶液を調製した。
1μlのタンパク質溶液、1μlのリザーバー溶液、1μlのクエン酸ナトリウム溶液、1μlの塩化カルシウム溶液、2μlのゲル液を混和し、以下に記載する最終濃度の結晶作製溶液とした。
タンパク質 :10mg/ml
塩化ナトリウム :0.85M
酢酸ナトリウム :0.066M、pH4.5
クエン酸ナトリウム :0.1M
塩化カルシウム :0.25M
アガロースゲル :1.6%
72時間経過後、以下に示す観測条件の下、光学顕微鏡およびOCT装置を用いて、結晶の成長状況を観測した。
イ.顕微鏡観測
光学顕微鏡:Nikon SMZ1000
光源 :白色光
・光源 :810nm中心SC光、帯域幅134nm
・測定感度 :100dB
・光強度 :SC出力350mW、干渉計入力30mW
・分解能 :空気中2.9μm、サンプル中2.0μm
・観測領域 :横2mm×縦2mm×高さ1mm(3次元)
・ピクセル数:横250×縦250×高さ1000(3次元)
観測結果を図9に示す。図9において、(a)は顕微鏡画像であり、(b)はOCTイメージである。沈殿中にタンパク質結晶が存在する(○印で示した箇所)が、図9(a)に示すように、顕微鏡画像では結晶の存在の確認が困難である。これに対して、OCTイメージでは、図9(b)に示すように、リゾチームの結晶を明確に確認することができる。
本実施例においては、タンパク質結晶と低分子塩が共存する試料を調製し、光学顕微鏡およびOCT装置による観測結果を比較した。
(1)タンパク質溶液の調製
72mgの卵白リゾチームを、1.0mlの0.1M酢酸ナトリウムに溶解させ、72mg/mlのタンパク質溶液を調製した。
0.1M濃度の酢酸ナトリウム溶液(溶媒:超純水)を調製し(pH:4.5)、さらに、5.12M濃度の塩化ナトリウムを溶かし込み、リザーバー溶液を調製した。
3mgの寒天と50mlの超純水を用いて寒天液を調製し、ゲル液とした。
0.6M濃度のリン酸カリウム溶液(溶媒:超純水)を調製した(pH7.5)。
22mgの塩化カルシウム二水和物を1mlの超純水に溶解して、0.15M濃度の塩化カルシウム溶液を調製した。
1μlのタンパク質溶液、1μlのリザーバー溶液、1μlのリン酸カリウム溶液、1μlの塩化カルシウム溶液、2μlのゲル溶液を混和し、以下に記載する最終濃度の結晶作製溶液とした。
タンパク質 :12mg/ml
塩化ナトリウム :0.85M
酢酸ナトリウム :0.066M、pH4.5
リン酸カリウム :0.1M、pH7.5
塩化カルシウム :0.05M
アガロースゲル :2%
(1)観測条件
72時間経過後、実施例1と同じ観測条件で顕微鏡観測およびOCT観測を行った。なお、OCT観測の観測領域(断面)は横2mm×高さ0.5mm、ピクセル数は横250×高さ500で行った。
光学顕微鏡の観測結果を図10に示し、OCT観測の結果を図11に示す。図10、11において、左側にある低分子塩の結晶はリン酸カルシウムを示し、右側にあるタンパク質結晶はリゾチームの結晶を示している。図10に示すように、顕微鏡画像ではいずれも透明な結晶であり、両者を分別することは困難である。これに対して、OCTイメージでは、図11に示すように、形状や信号強度に明らかに差異があり、両者を分別することができる。
本実施例は、タンパク質として卵白リゾチームの結晶をゲル中で成長させるにあたって、ゲル濃度を変えて結晶成長を行ったときの様子を観測したものである。
(1)タンパク質溶液の調製
150mgの卵白リゾチームを、1.0mlの0.1M酢酸ナトリウムに溶解させ、150mg/mlのタンパク質溶液を調製した。
0.1M濃度の酢酸ナトリウム溶液(溶媒:超純水)を調製し(pH:4.5)、さらに、1.53M濃度の塩化ナトリウムを溶かし込み、リザーバー溶液を調製した。
3mgの寒天と50mlの超純水を用いて寒天液を調製し、その後、寒天液450μlに超純水50μlを加え、ゲル液とした。
2μlのゲル液、2μlのタンパク質溶液と2μlのリザーバー溶液を混和し、最終濃度50mg/mlタンパク質、0.51M塩化ナトリウム、1.8%アガロースゲルの結晶作製溶液とし、20℃で静置し、バッチ法にてタンパク質結晶を形成させた。
72時間経過後、OCT観測を行った。
・光源 :中心波長810nmの超広帯域SC光源、帯域幅134nm
・測定強度:100db
・光強度 :SC出力350mW、干渉計入力:30mW
観測結果(OCTイメージ)を、図12および図13に示す。図12、13において、横軸は横方向の位置を示し、縦軸は縦方向の位置を示している。なお、図12における(a)、(b)および図13における(a)~(d)は、1.8%アガロースゲル中で育成したリゾチームの結晶を示しており、それぞれは、同一サンプルの異なる測定点での測定結果である。なお、これらの2次元のイメージを組み合わせることにより、3次元イメージを作成することが可能となる。
本実施例は、タンパク質としてリゾチームの結晶をゲル中で成長させるにあたって、ゲル材料を変えて結晶成長を行ったときの様子を観測したものである。
・タンパク質溶液:リゾチーム(Lysozyme) 50mg/ml
・リザーバー溶液:0.1M 酢酸ナトリウム(Sodium acet
ate)
(pH:4.5)
0.51M 塩化ナトリウム(Sodium chr
olide)
・ゲル液:Agarose IX-A(SIGMA社製)3gを50ml の超純水で調製し、6%ゲル液とした。この液を一度ゲル化さ せた後、再び融解し、超純水で6倍および3倍に希釈し、1% ゲル液および2%ゲル液とした。
120時間経過後、各混合液を用いて、OCT観測を行った。
実施例3と同じ観測条件で行った。
観測結果(OCTイメージ)を、図14に示す。なお、図14において、A1、C1、E1はプレートのドロップ番号を表し、1%、2%、6%は最終ゲル濃度を表している。図14に示すように、溶液中にタンパク質結晶が存在する場合、OCTイメージにおいて位相差の発生を確認することができ、タンパク質結晶の存在を確認することができる。そして、この位相差は、結晶の形に散乱が生じることにより見えるものであるため、タンパク質結晶が扁平な形状であることが分かる。
本実施例は、タンパク質としてSynechococcus由来phosphoribulokinase(PRK)の結晶をゲル中で成長させるにあたって、ゲル材料を変えて結晶成長を行ったときの様子を観測したものである。
・タンパク質溶液:PRK 20mg/ml
・リザーバー溶液:0.1M MES-KOH(pH6.5)
10%(w/v)Isopropanol
0.2M 酢酸カリウム(Potassium ac
etate)
・ゲル液:Agarose SeaKem(Lonza社製)3gを50 mlの超純水で調製し、6%ゲル液とした。この液を一度ゲル 化させた後、再び融解し、超純水で6倍、3倍および1.5倍 に希釈し、1%ゲル液、2%ゲル液、および4%ゲル液とした 。
120時間経過後、各混合液を用いて、OCT観測を行った。
実施例3と同じ観測条件で行った。
観測結果(OCTイメージ)を、図15に示す。なお、図15において、C1、E1、G1はプレートのドロップ番号を表し、1%、2%、4%は最終ゲル濃度を表している。また、「4μl(2μl+2μl)」は、混合溶液の量でタンパク質溶液2μlにリザーバー溶液2μlを加え総量4μlになっていることを示す。図15に示すように、本実施例においても、実施例4と同様に、溶液中、ゲル上、ゲル中の何れに形成された結晶であっても、その成長を観測することができる。そして、本実施例においても、ゲル液が濁っているにも拘わらず、上記の観測を行うことができた。
本実施例は、タンパク質としてPRKの結晶をゲル中で成長させるにあたって、実施例4、5とは異なるゲル材料を用いて結晶成長を行ったときの様子を観測したものである。また、本比較例は、光学顕微鏡により観測したものである。
タンパク質溶液、およびリザーバー溶液は、実施例5と同じものを用いた。ゲル液としては、Agarose SeaPlaque(lonza社製)3gを50mlの超純水で調製したものを用いた。
120時間経過後、OCT観測を行った。
実施例3と同じ観測条件で行った。
観測結果(OCTイメージ)を、図16に示す。なお、図16において、A1はプレートのドロップ番号を表し、0%はゲル濃度を表している。図16に示すように、OCTによる観測では溶液中のタンパク質結晶が確認できることが分かる。一方、光学顕微鏡では、散乱光が弱いため、表面が観測されるだけであり、結晶の成長を確認することができなかった。
10a 光源
11 偏光ビームカプラ(PBC)
12 波長分割多重カプラ(WDM)
13 高濃度エルビウム添加ファイバ(HC-EDF)
14 外部モニタとの接続部
15、75 単一モードファイバ(SMF28)
16 正常分散型非線形ファイバ(NDHNF)
20 レンズ系
30 サーキュレータ
31、85 照準光照射器
32 OCTプローブ
33a、33b 偏光調整器
34 高速度走査部
34a 参照光用鏡
35 光分岐器兼合波器
35a 光分岐器(ビームスプリッター)
36 光分岐器
40、40a 光検知器
41 電子機器部
42、84 コンピュータ
50、50a 試料
71、82 超広帯域SC光生成部
72 Ti:サファイアレーザ
73 偏光器
74 偏波保持ファイバ(PMF)
83 バランス検出器
86、87 光路長調整用のPC
88 ガルバノミラー(XY Galvo)
89 ファイバカプラ
Claims (9)
- 超広帯域光源から発する光を用いたOCT計測により、ゲルを用いた結晶化法により作製されるタンパク質結晶の観測を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶の観測方法。
- 前記超広帯域光源が、超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法。
- 前記超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源から発する光の中心波長が、0.8μm帯であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法。
- 前記タンパク質結晶の観測が、その場計測による観測であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法を用いて、タンパク質結晶の評価を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶の評価方法。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質結晶の観測方法を用いて、タンパク質結晶と塩との分別を行うことを特徴とするタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法。
- タンパク質と塩とを含有する被測定材料をゲル化してゲル液を作製するゲル液作製工程と、
前記ゲル液から前記タンパク質を結晶化させるタンパク質結晶化工程と、
前記タンパク質結晶化工程後の前記ゲル液を、超広帯域光源から発する光を用いてOCT計測するOCT計測工程と、
前記OCT計測における光信号による情報を抽出することにより、前記タンパク質結晶と前記塩とを分別する分別工程と
を備えていることを特徴とするタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法。 - 前記超広帯域光源が、超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法。
- 前記超広帯域スーパーコンティニューム光源から発する光の中心波長が、0.8μm帯であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のタンパク質結晶と塩との分別方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012535029A JP5545580B2 (ja) | 2010-09-22 | 2011-09-20 | タンパク質結晶の観測方法 |
US13/825,280 US9182216B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2011-09-20 | Method for observing protein crystal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-212316 | 2010-09-22 | ||
JP2010212316 | 2010-09-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012039377A1 true WO2012039377A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
Family
ID=45873864
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/071332 WO2012039377A1 (ja) | 2010-09-22 | 2011-09-20 | タンパク質結晶の観測方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9182216B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5545580B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012039377A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004003917A (ja) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-01-08 | Ishikawajima Inspection & Instrumentation Co | 結晶観察方法及び装置 |
JP2004323336A (ja) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 蛋白質結晶観察装置 |
JP2005009949A (ja) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | タンパク質結晶化状態判定方法およびそのシステム |
JP2007528500A (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2007-10-11 | ザ・ゼネラル・ホスピタル・コーポレーション | 蛍光タンパク質を使用する断層撮影イメージングのための方法およびシステム |
JP2007285884A (ja) * | 2006-04-17 | 2007-11-01 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | 蛋白質結晶化観察方法及び蛋白質結晶化観察装置 |
JP2008002815A (ja) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-01-10 | Univ Nagoya | 波長変化パルス光発生装置およびこれを用いた光断層計測装置 |
WO2009015209A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Rigaku Automation Inc. | Computer controllable led light source for device for inspecting microscopic objects |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090080611A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2009-03-26 | Ganz Brian L | Computer Controllable LED Light Source for Device for Inspecting Microscopic Objects |
US7416708B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2008-08-26 | Nihon University | Method of measuring protein solubility, process for producing crystal and apparatus therefor |
EP1630263A4 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2009-06-03 | Japan Aerospace Exploration | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOPOLYMER CRYSTALS |
GB0525559D0 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2006-01-25 | Oxford Diffraction Ltd | In-situ crystalline material screening apparatus and method |
JP5099499B2 (ja) | 2007-11-07 | 2012-12-19 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | サンプルピン保持アタッチメント |
JP5351771B2 (ja) | 2008-01-17 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社創晶 | 結晶製造方法、凍結結晶製造方法、結晶、結晶構造解析方法、結晶化スクリーニング方法、結晶化スクリーニング装置 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 WO PCT/JP2011/071332 patent/WO2012039377A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-09-20 JP JP2012535029A patent/JP5545580B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-20 US US13/825,280 patent/US9182216B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004003917A (ja) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-01-08 | Ishikawajima Inspection & Instrumentation Co | 結晶観察方法及び装置 |
JP2004323336A (ja) * | 2003-04-28 | 2004-11-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 蛋白質結晶観察装置 |
JP2005009949A (ja) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | タンパク質結晶化状態判定方法およびそのシステム |
JP2007528500A (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2007-10-11 | ザ・ゼネラル・ホスピタル・コーポレーション | 蛍光タンパク質を使用する断層撮影イメージングのための方法およびシステム |
JP2007285884A (ja) * | 2006-04-17 | 2007-11-01 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | 蛋白質結晶化観察方法及び蛋白質結晶化観察装置 |
JP2008002815A (ja) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-01-10 | Univ Nagoya | 波長変化パルス光発生装置およびこれを用いた光断層計測装置 |
WO2009015209A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Rigaku Automation Inc. | Computer controllable led light source for device for inspecting microscopic objects |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130184445A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
JPWO2012039377A1 (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
US9182216B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
JP5545580B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2006195240A (ja) | 断層画像化装置 | |
JP2017512989A (ja) | 遠隔偏光測定装置および方法 | |
JP2007510963A (ja) | デジタル画像化組立品、及びその方法 | |
EP4194923A1 (en) | Observation device and observation method | |
US9170411B2 (en) | Scanning optical microscope | |
CN108287059A (zh) | 高精度近红外激光光束质量测量分析装置 | |
US20140009826A1 (en) | Non-linear microscopy and non-linear observation method | |
JP5002604B2 (ja) | 偏光位相顕微鏡 | |
JP2005309415A (ja) | 光学顕微鏡と光学的観察方法 | |
JP5545580B2 (ja) | タンパク質結晶の観測方法 | |
US11880027B2 (en) | High-speed stereo 3D multimodal imaging system and method | |
JP2010142570A (ja) | 内視鏡光学系 | |
US20240142370A1 (en) | Circularly polarized light illuminator, analysis device, and microscope | |
JP2019045431A (ja) | 光画像計測装置 | |
JP7174604B2 (ja) | 光画像計測装置、光画像計測方法 | |
JP3365474B2 (ja) | 偏光性イメージング装置 | |
WO2016126250A1 (en) | Particle tracking using spatiotemporal offset light beams | |
JP5827507B2 (ja) | 偏光解析システム | |
CN108507985B (zh) | 四维荧光共振能量转移效率可视显微分析系统及方法 | |
JP5970824B2 (ja) | 光干渉観察装置 | |
Schaub et al. | Polarimetric contrast microscopy by orthogonality breaking | |
JP6784396B2 (ja) | 円偏光照射器、分析装置及び顕微鏡 | |
JP2012202777A (ja) | 観察装置および観察方法 | |
KR20220012989A (ko) | 광학 현미경 | |
De Angelis et al. | Analysis of bovine sperm cells by a combined holographic and Raman microscopy approach |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11826822 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012535029 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13825280 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11826822 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |