Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
  • C08G64/32—General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide
  • C08G64/34—General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide and cyclic ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G64/18—Block or graft polymers
  • C08G64/183—Block or graft polymers containing polyether sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
  • C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
  • C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
  • C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
  • C08G65/2663—Metal cyanide catalysts, i.e. DMC's

Definitions

• No. 3,404,109 describes the preparation of DMC catalysts for use in the polymerization of alkylene oxides and / or oxetanes in the presence of small amounts of water. It states that alcohols, ethers, esters and other compounds are required as complex ligands in the DMC catalyst to obtain active DMC catalysts for this reaction. An indication of the possibility of carrying out the reaction in the presence of carbon dioxide and thus to incorporate carbon dioxide into the polymer is not found there.
• JP-A 1992-145123 discloses that DMC catalysts prepared using tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA, tertiary butanol) show better properties, so that the focus of further work shifted to this complex ligand, which was henceforth referred to in US Pat Center of research stands. So describes eg. No. 6,852,663 discloses a series of DMC catalysts containing at least two different complex ligands, one of which is always tert-butanol. These DMC catalysts are active in the reaction of alkylene oxides with H-functional starters. The copolymerization of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide is not considered in US Pat. No. 6,852,663.
• WO-A 01/04182 describes catalysts which, in addition to the hexacyanometalate units typical for DMC catalysts, also contain hexanitrometalate units. These catalysts according to claim 1, the fragments [M 1 (CN) 6 ] n_ and [M 2 (N0 2 ) 6] m ⁇ together, in the ratio of [M ⁇ CN ⁇ ] " " / [M 2 (N0 2 ) 6 ] " ranging from 50:50 to 99: 1.
• each catalyst must also contain at least a small amount of [M 2 (N0 2 ) 6] m ⁇ by introduction of the new structural element [M 2 (N0 2 ) 6] m ⁇ the catalysts are not necessarily comparable with the classic DMC catalysts, because the DMC catalysts according to the present invention do not contain Hexanitrometallat units [m 2 (N0 2) 6] ⁇ (m 2, trivalent transition metal ion, preferably Fe + , Co + , Cr + , Mn + , Ir + , Rh + ).
• US 2005/0143606 A1 describes a process for the preparation of polyols from alkylene oxides using DMC catalysts which contain unsaturated, tertiary alcohols as complex ligands. They were tested for the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of H-functional starter substances. For example, the use of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBE) based DMC catalysts has been found to be advantageous in the polymerization of alkylene oxides. Also, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) can be replaced by 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBI).
• MBE 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol
• TSA tertiary butyl alcohol
• MBI 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol
• ligands gave the following relative rate in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the absence of carbon dioxide, based in each case on tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), which was set as 1.0: 0.67 for 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ( MBE)> 0.61 for 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBI)> 0.40 for tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) as a saturated control ligand.
• TSA tert-butyl alcohol
• MBE 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol
• MBI 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol
• TAA tert-amyl alcohol
• the copolymerization of at least one alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide in the presence or absence of H-functional starter substances is carried out according to the current state of the art preferably in the presence of DMC catalysts containing tert-butanol as ligands.
• WO-A 2008/013731 discloses a process for the copolymerization of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide by means of DMC catalysts for the preparation of polyethercarbonate polyols.
• a DMC catalyst is used, which was prepared according to US 5,482,908 with tert-butanol as ligands. The highest carbonate content was 17.3% carbonate (equivalent to 7.5% carbon dioxide).
• No. 6,762,278 describes a process for the copolymerization of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide using suspensions of multimetal cyanide catalysts (formal name for more than two metals.) For exactly two metals one speaks of DMC catalysts For definition, see WO 03/029325, page 8, line 16).
• multimetal cyanide catalyst prepared according to Example 3 with tert-butanol as a complex ligand from K 3 [Co (CN) 6 ], ZnCl 2 and H 3 [Co (CN) 6 ]
• a polyethercarbonate polyol was prepared whose carbonate Content at only 13.2 wt .-% (corresponding to 5.7 wt .-% carbon dioxide) was.
• tert-butanol-based DMC catalysts By means of tert-butanol-based DMC catalysts, it is thus possible to prepare copolymers of at least one alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide in the presence or absence of H-functional starter substances. However, incorporation of carbon dioxide into the copolymer could be improved. It would therefore be highly desirable to provide a process wherein copolymerization of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence or absence of an H-functional initiator and in the presence of a DMC catalyst enables higher incorporation of carbon dioxide into the resulting polymer. Preferably, the catalyst activation in the presence of carbon dioxide should take as little time as possible.
• a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for preparing polyether carbonate polyols from one or more H-functional starter substances, from one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence of at least one DMC catalyst, characterized in that the DMC catalyst is prepared by an aqueous solution of a cyanide-free metal salt is reacted with the aqueous solution of a metal cyanide salt in the presence of one or more organic complexing ligands derived from the class of unsaturated alcohols, wherein the unsaturated alcohol (s) is preferably either in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free metal salt , the aqueous solution of the metal cyanide salt or in both aqueous solutions.
• Preferred unsaturated alcohols are 3-buten-1-ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 2-propen-1-ol, 2-propyn-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2 Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-buten-1-ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 3-methyl-1-penten-3-ol and 3-methyl-1-pentin-3-ol. It is also possible in this case for one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the unsaturated alcohols to be replaced by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I).
• Particularly preferred unsaturated alcohols are 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and 3-methyl-1-pentin-3-ol. Highly preferred is 3-methyl-1-pentyne-3-ol.
• the process according to the invention for the preparation of polyether carbonate polyols can be carried out continuously, semi-batchwise or batchwise.
• the polyethercarbonate polyols obtained according to the invention generally have a functionality of at least 1, preferably from 2 to 8, particularly preferably from 2 to 6 and very particularly preferably from 2 to 4.
• the molecular weight is preferably from 400 to 10,000 g / mol and more preferably from 500 to 6,000 g / mol.
• alkylene oxides having 2-24 carbon atoms can be used for the process according to the invention.
• the alkylene oxides having 2-24 carbon atoms are, for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 2-methyl-1,2-propene oxide (isobutene oxide), 1-pentenoxide, 2,3-pentenoxide, 2-methyl-l, 2-butene oxide, 3-methyl-1,2-butene oxide, 1-hexene oxide, 2,3-hexene oxide, 3,4-hexene oxide, 2-methyl- l, 2-pentene oxide, 4-methyl-l, 2-pentene oxide, 2-ethyl-1,2-butene oxide, 1-heptene oxide, 1-octene oxide, 1-nonene oxide, 1-decene oxide, 1-undecene oxide, 1-dodecene oxide, 4-methyl-l, 2-pentenoxide, butadiene monoxide,
• the alkylene oxides used are preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in particular propylene oxide. It is also possible to react two or more alkylene oxides together with carbon dioxide.
• a suitable H-functional starter substance compounds with active for the alkoxylation H atoms can be used.
• active groups having active H atoms are, for example, -OH, -NH 2 (primary amines), -NH- (secondary amines), -SH and -CO 2 H, preferably -OH and -NH 2 , particularly preferred is -OH.
• H-functional starter substance for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, mono- or polyhydric amines, polyhydric thiols, carboxylic acids, amino alcohols, aminocarboxylic acids, thioalcohols, hydroxyesters, polyetherpolyols, polyesterpolyols, polyesteretherpolyols, polyethercarbonatepolyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyethyleneimines, polyetheramines (z. B. so-called Jeffamine ® from Huntsman, such as. for example, D-230, D-400, D-2000, T-403, T-3000, T-5000, or the BASF corresponding products, such. B.
• Alcohols, amines, thiols and carboxylic acids can be used as monofunctional starter substances.
• the monofunctional alcohols used can be: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, 3-buten-1-ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 2-methyl 3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, propargyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, phenol, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, 3-hydroxybi
• Suitable monofunctional amines are: butylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, aniline, aziridine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine.
• monofunctional thiols can be used: ethanethiol, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, 1-butanethiol, 3-methyl-l-butanethiol, 2-butene-1-thiol, thiophenol.
• monofunctional carboxylic acids may be mentioned: formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fatty acids such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid.
• Polyhydric alcohols suitable as H-functional starter substances are, for example, dihydric alcohols (for example ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,4-butynediol, neopentyl glycol, 1 , 5-pentanediol, methylpentanediols (such as 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol), 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, bis (hydroxymethyl) - cyclohexanes (such as, for example, 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane), triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, trip
• the H-functional starter substances can also be selected from the substance class of the polyether polyols, in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 100 to 4000 g / mol.
• Suitable polyether polyols made up of repeating propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide units are, for example Desmophen ® -, Acclaim ® -, Arcol ® -, Baycoll ® -, Bayfill ® -, Bayflex ® - Baygal ® -, PET ® - and polyether polyols Bayer MaterialScience AG (such.
• Desmophen ® 3600Z Desmophen ® 1900U
• Acclaim ® polyol 2200 Acclaim ® polyol 40001
• Arcol ® polyol 1004 Arcol ® polyol 1010
• Arcol ® polyol 1030 Arcol ® polyol 1070
• Baycoll ® BD 1110 Bayfill VPPU ® 0789, Baygal ® K55
• PET ® 1004 polyether ® S 180
• suitable homo-polyethylene oxides are the BASF SE example Pluriol ® E-marks suitable homo-polypropylene oxides such as the BASF SE Pluriol ® P-marks suitable mixed copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide such as the Pluronic ® PE or PLURIOL ® RPE Brands of BASF SE.
• the H-functional starter substances can also be selected from the substance class of the polyesterpolyols, in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 200 to 4500 g / mol.
• Polyester polyols used are at least difunctional polyesters. Polyester polyols preferably consist of alternating acid and alcohol units.
• acid components z As succinic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride or mixtures of said acids and / or anhydrides used.
• Ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -cyclohexane, diethylene glycol, Dipropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol or mixtures of the alcohols mentioned. If divalent or polyhydric polyether polyols are used as the alcohol component, polyester polyethers are obtained which can likewise serve as starter substances for the preparation of the polyether carbonate polyols. Preference is given to using polyether polyols having Mn 150 to 2000 g / mol for the preparation of the polyester ether polyols.
• polycarbonate diols as H-functional starter substances, in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 150 to 4500 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2500, for example by reacting phosgene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or diphenyl carbonate and difunctional alcohols or polyester polyols or polyether polyols.
• polycarbonates can be found, for. As in EP-A 1359177.
• Desmophen ® C types of Bayer MaterialScience AG can be used, such as. B.
• polyether carbonate polyols can be used as H-functional starter substances.
• polyether carbonate polyols which are obtainable by the process according to the invention described here are used. These polyether carbonate polyols used as H-functional starter substances are prepared beforehand in a separate reaction step for this purpose.
• the H-functional starter substances generally have a functionality (i.e., number of H atoms active per molecule of polymerization per molecule) of 1 to 8, preferably 2 or 3.
• the H-functional starter substances are used either individually or as a mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances.
• Preferred ⁇ -functional starter substances are alcohols of the general formula (II), HO- (CH 2 ) x -OH (II) where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20.
• Examples of alcohols according to formula (II) are ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1, 10-decanediol and 1, 12-dodecanediol.
• ⁇ -functional starter substances are neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, reaction products of the alcohols of the formula (II) with ⁇ -caprolactone, eg. B. Reaction products of trimethylolpropane with ⁇ -caprolactone, reaction products of glycerol with ⁇ -caprolactone, as well as reaction products of pentaerythritol with ⁇ -caprolactone. Preference is furthermore given to using water, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, castor oil, sorbitol and polyetherpolyols composed of repeating polyalkylene oxide units as ⁇ -functional starter substances.
• the H-functional starter substances are one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methylpropane-l, 3-diol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1.8 octanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, di- and trifunctional polyether polyols, wherein the polyether polyol of a di- or tri-H-functional Starter substance and propylene oxide or.
• the polyether polyols preferably have a molecular weight Mn in the range of 62 to 4500 g / mol and a functionality of 2 to 3 and in particular a molecular weight Mn in the range of 62 to 3000 g / mol and a functionality of 2 to 3.
• the polyether carbonate polyols are prepared by catalytic addition of carbon dioxide and alkylene oxides to H-functional starter substances.
• H-functional means the number of H atoms active for the alkoxylation per molecule of the starter substance.
• the DMC catalysts used for the process according to the invention are preferably obtained by
• an aqueous solution of a cyanide-free metal salt with the aqueous solution of a Metallcyanidsalzes be reacted in the presence of one or more unsaturated alcohols, wherein the unsaturated alcohols either in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free
• an aqueous solution of zinc chloride (preferably in excess based on the metal cyanide salt) and potassium hexacyanocobaltate (as metal cyanide salt) is mixed and then the unsaturated alcohol (preferably in excess, based on zinc hexacyanocobaltate) and optionally further complex-forming components formed Suspension given.
• Cyanide-free metal salts suitable for preparing the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have the general formula (III)
• M is selected from the metal cations Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Sr 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ and, Cu 2+ , preferably M Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ or Ni 2+ ,
• X is one or more (ie, different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group of halides (ie, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, alkoxide, oxalate, and Nitrate;
• M is selected from the metal cations Fe + , Al + and Cr + ,
• X is one or more (ie, different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group of halides (ie, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate, and nitrate ;
• M is selected from the metal cations Mo, V and W.
• X are one or more (i.e., different) anions, preferably an anion selected from
• halides i.e., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
• hydroxide i.e., sulfate, carbonate, cyanate
• Nitrate or suitable cyanide-free metal salts have the general formula (VI),
• X is one or more (ie, different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group of halides (ie, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate, and nitrate ;
• cyanide-free metal salts examples include zinc fluoride, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc hexafluoroacetylacetonate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, zinc benzoate, zinc nitrate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (II) bromide, ferrous chloride, cobalt (II ) chloride, cobalt (II) thiocyanate, nickel (II) chloride and nickel (II) nitrate.
• Particularly preferred are zinc chloride, zinc bromide and zinc iodide, most preferred are zinc chloride and zinc bromide. It is also possible to use mixtures of different cyanide-free metal salts.
• Metal cyanide salts suitable for preparing the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have the general formula (VII)
• M ' is selected from one or more metal cations of the group consisting of Fe (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Cr (II), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn ( III), Ir (III), Ni (II), Rh (III), Ru (II), V (IV) and V (V), preferably M 'is one or more metal cations of the group consisting of Co (II), Co (III), Fe (II), Fe (III), Cr (III), Ir (III) and Ni (II)
• Y is selected from one or more metal cations of the group consisting of alkali metal (ie Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + ) and alkaline earth metal (ie Be 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ),
• A is selected from one or more anions of the group consisting of halides (ie fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate and
• a, b and c are integer numbers, with the values for a, b and c chosen to give the electroneutrality of the metal cyanide salt; a is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4; b is preferably 4, 5 or 6; c preferably has the value 0.
• suitable metal cyanide salts are potassium hexacyanocobaltate (III), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), calcium hexacyanocobaltate (III) and lithium hexacyano cobaltate (III).
• Preferred double metal cyanide compounds which are present in the DMC catalysts according to the invention are compounds of the general formula (VIII) M x [M ' x , (CN) y ] z (VIII) in which M is as in formula (III) to ( VI) and
• x, x ', y and z are integers and chosen so that the electron neutrality of the double metal cyanide compound is given.
• M Zn (II), Fe (II), Co (II) or Ni (II) and
• M ' Co (III), Fe (III), Cr (III) or Ir (III).
• Suitable double metal halide compounds a) are zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III), zinc hexacyanoiridate (III), zinc hexacyanoferrate (III) and cobalt (II) hexacyanocobaltate (III).
• suitable double metal cyanide compounds are e.g. US Pat. No. 5,158,922 (column 8, lines 29-66). Zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III) is particularly preferably used.
• the double metal cyanide catalyst contains one or more other complex ligands in addition to the unsaturated alcohol.
• the aqueous solutions of the metal salt are preferably used in the preparation of the DMC catalysts used for the process according to the invention in the first step in stoichiometric excess (at least 50 mole percent based on metal cyanide salt), ie, at least a molar ratio of cyanide-free metal salt to metal cyanide salt of 2.25 to 1.00.) and the metal cyanide salt (eg, potassium hexacyanocobaltate) in the presence of the unsaturated alcohol; the unsaturated alcohol (s) is / are present either in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free metal salt, the aqueous solution of the metal cyanide salt or in both aqueous solutions, so that a suspension is formed which contains the double metal cyanide compound (eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate), Water, excess cyanide-free metal salt, and the unsaturated alcohol.
• the metal salt eg zinc chloride
• the further complex-forming component (for example a polyether) can be present in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free metal salt and / or the metal cyanide salt, or it is added directly to the suspension obtained after precipitation of the double metal cyanide compound. It has proved advantageous to contain the aqueous solutions of the cyanide-free metal salt and of the metal cyanide salt, one or more unsaturated alcohols being present either in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free metal salt, the aqueous solution of the metal cyanide salt or in both aqueous solutions, and the further complex-forming component mix with vigorous stirring.
• a polyether for example a polyether
• the suspension formed in the first step is then treated with at least one of the aforementioned complex ligands (eg, unsaturated alcohol or polyether).
• the unsaturated alcohol is preferably used in a mixture with water and further complex-forming component (eg polyether).
• a preferred method for carrying out the first step is carried out using a mixing nozzle, particularly preferably using a jet disperser as described in WO-A 01/39883.
• step (ii) is carried out by techniques known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, centrifuging or filtration.
• the isolated solid is then washed in a third process step (iii) with an aqueous solution of the unsaturated alcohol (e.g., by resuspension and subsequent reisolation by filtration or centrifugation).
• an aqueous solution of the unsaturated alcohol e.g., by resuspension and subsequent reisolation by filtration or centrifugation.
• water-soluble by-products such as potassium chloride
• the amount of the unsaturated alcohol in the aqueous washing solution is between 40 and 80 wt .-%, based on the total solution.
• one or more further complex-forming components are added to the aqueous washing solution.
• washing is carried out with an aqueous solution of the unsaturated alcohol (eg by resuspending and subsequent reisolation by filtration or centrifugation) to thereby obtain, for example, water-soluble by-products such as potassium chloride from the catalyst of the present invention remove.
• the amount of the unsaturated alcohol in the aqueous washing solution is between 40 and 80% by weight, based on the total solution of the first washing step.
• the first washing step is repeated once or several times, preferably once to three times, or preferably a nonaqueous solution, such as a mixture or solution of unsaturated alcohol and further complexing component (preferably in the range between 0.5 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the washing solution of step (iii-2)), used as a washing solution and the solid washed with it once or several times, preferably once to three times.
• step (iv) is preferably carried out at temperatures of 20-100 ° C. and preferably at a pressure (absolute) of 0.1 mbar to 1013 mbar.
• the solid is pulverized before drying.
• the invention also provides a process for the preparation of polyether carbonate polyols from one or more alkylene oxides, carbon dioxide and one or more H-functional starter substances in the presence of at least one double metal cyanide catalyst which contains an unsaturated alcohol as a complex ligand, characterized in that
• the H-functional starter substance or a mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances presented and optionally water and / or other volatile compounds by elevated temperature and / or reduced pressure are removed ("drying"), wherein the DMC Catalyst is added to the H-functional starter substance or to the mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances before or after drying,
• a first portion (based on the total amount of alkylene oxides used in the activation and copolymerization) of one or more alkylene oxides is added to the mixture resulting from step (a), wherein this addition of the partial amount of alkylene oxide may optionally be carried out in the presence of C0 2 , but preferably in the absence of C0 2 , and in which case due to the following exothermic chemical reaction occurring temperature peak ("hotspot") and / or a pressure drop in the reactor respectively awaited becomes,
• hotspot exothermic chemical reaction occurring temperature peak
• ß2 in a second activation step after the temperature reached in the previous activation step, a second portion (based on the total amount of activation and copolymerization used in the amount of alkylene oxides) of one or more alkylene oxides to the mixture resulting from the previous activation step is added, wherein this addition of the partial amount of alkylene oxide may optionally be carried out in the presence of C0 2 , but preferably in the absence of C0 2 , and in which case the temperature peak occurring due to the following exothermic chemical reaction ("hotspot") and / or a pressure drop in the reactor is respectively awaited .
• hotspot exothermic chemical reaction
• step ( ⁇ 3) optionally in a third activation step or further activation steps after the temperature peak reached in the preceding activation step, step ( ⁇ 2) is repeated zero to five times, preferably one to four times, more preferably exactly once, this addition of the subset or additions of the subsets alkylene oxide takes place in the absence of C0 2 , and in which case the temperature peak ("hotspot") occurring due to the following exothermic chemical reaction and / or a pressure drop in the reactor are respectively waited for,
• step ( ⁇ 4) optionally in a further activation step or further activation steps after the temperature peak reached in the preceding activation step of step ( ⁇ 3) is repeated one to five times, preferably one to four times, more preferably exactly once, this addition of the subset or additions of the subsets alkylene oxide is reacted in the presence of CO 2 , and in which case the temperature peak ("hotspot") occurring due to the following exothermic chemical reaction and / or a pressure drop in the reactor is then waited for, one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide are added to that from step ( ⁇ ) resulting mixture are added (“copolymerization").
• the alkylene oxides used for the copolymerization may be identical or different from the alkylene oxides used in the activation.
• the partial amount of one or more alkylene oxides used in the activation in steps .beta.1 to .beta.4 is 2.0 to 15.0% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 14.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3.0 to 13.0 wt .-% (based on the total amount of the amount of alkylene oxides used in the activation and copolymerization).
• the H-functional starter substance or a mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances is introduced and optionally water and / or other volatile compounds removed. This is done, for example, by stripping by means of nitrogen (if appropriate under reduced pressure) or by distillation under reduced pressure at from 50 to 200.degree. C., preferably from 80 to 160.degree. C., more preferably from 100 to 140.degree.
• This pretreatment of the starter substance or of the mixture of starter substances is referred to below as drying.
• the DMC catalyst may already be present in the H-functional starter substance or the mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances, but it is also possible, the then dried DMC catalyst after the drying of the H-functional starter substance or the mixture add to the H-functional starter substances.
• the DMC catalyst can be added in solid form or as a suspension in an H-functional starter substance. If the catalyst is added as a suspension, it is preferably added before the drying of the H-functional starter substance (s).
• the dosage of one or more alkylene oxides and optionally the carbon dioxide takes place after the drying of a starter substance or the mixture of several starter substances and the addition of the DMC catalyst, which is added before or after the drying of the starter substance as a solid or in the form of a suspension. If the DMC catalyst is added after drying of the starter substance, this DMC catalyst should preferably be dried, for example in an analogous process such as the drying of the starter substance.
• the metering of one or more alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide can in principle take place in different ways. The start of dosing can be carried out from the vacuum or at a previously selected form.
• the admission pressure is preferably set by introducing an inert gas such as, for example, nitrogen, the pressure being set (absolute) between 10 mbar to 10 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 8 bar and preferably 500 mbar to 6 bar.
• an inert gas such as, for example, nitrogen
• the pressure being set (absolute) between 10 mbar to 10 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 8 bar and preferably 500 mbar to 6 bar.
• inert gas nitrogen or a noble gas such as, for example, argon
• inert gas nitrogen or a noble gas such as, for example, argon
• a reduced pressure absolute pressure
• the dosage of one or more alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially, wherein the total amount of carbon dioxide can be added all at once or metered over the reaction time.
• a dosage of carbon dioxide takes place.
• the metering of one or more alkylene oxides takes place simultaneously or sequentially to the carbon dioxide metering. If several alkylene oxides are used for the synthesis of the polyether carbonate polyols, then their metered addition can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially via separate dosages or via one or more dosages, with at least two alkylene oxides being metered in as a mixture.
• the method of metering the alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide it is possible to synthesize random, alternating, blocky or gradient polyethercarbonate polyols.
• an excess of carbon dioxide based on the calculated amount of incorporated carbon dioxide is used in the polyethercarbonate polyol, since due to the inertness of carbon dioxide, an excess of carbon dioxide is advantageous.
• the amount of carbon dioxide can be set by the total pressure at the respective reaction conditions. As the total pressure (absolute), the range of 0.01 to 120 bar, preferably 0, 1 to 110 bar, more preferably from 1 to 100 bar for the copolymerization for the preparation of the polyether carbonate has proven to be advantageous.
• the copolymerization for the preparation of the polyethercarbonate polyols is advantageously from 50 to 150.degree. C., preferably from 60 to 145.degree. C., more preferably from 70 to 140.degree. C. and most preferably from 110 to 120.degree is carried out. If temperatures below 50 ° C are set, the reaction stops. At temperatures above 150 ° C, the amount of unwanted by-products increases sharply. Furthermore, it should be noted that the C0 2 passes in the choice of pressure and temperature from the gaseous state as possible in the liquid and / or supercritical fluid state.
• C0 2 may also be added as a solid to the reactor and then converted to the liquid and / or supercritical fluid state under the chosen reaction conditions.
• Particularly preferred reactors are: tubular reactor, stirred tank, loop reactor.
• Polyetherpolycarbonatpolyole can be prepared in a stirred tank, wherein the stirred tank depending on the embodiment and operation over the reactor jacket, inside and / or located in a pumped circulating cooling surfaces is cooled.
• the content of free epoxide should not exceed 15% by weight in the reaction mixture of the stirred tank (see, for example, WO-A 2004/081082, page 3, line 14).
• step ⁇ Another possible embodiment in the stirred tank for the copolymerization (step ⁇ ) is characterized in that one or more H-functional starter compounds are metered continuously into the reactor during the reaction.
• the amount of H-functional starter compounds which are metered continuously into the reactor during the reaction is preferably at least 20 mol% equivalents, particularly preferably 70 to 95 mol% equivalents (in each case based on the total amount of H-functional starter compounds).
• the catalyst-starter mixture activated by this process can be (further) copolymerized in the stirred tank, but also in another reaction vessel (tubular reactor or loop reactor) with epoxide and carbon dioxide.
• DMC catalyst which may have previously been activated, and H-functional initiator compound, and epoxide and carbon dioxide are continuously pumped through a tube.
• the molar ratios of the reactants vary depending on the desired polymer.
• carbon dioxide in its supercritical form, that is quasi-liquid, is metered in here in order to allow a better miscibility of the components.
• mixing elements for better mixing of the reactants are incorporated, as they are marketed for example by the company Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik BTS GmbH, or mixer-heat exchanger elements, which improve the mixing and heat dissipation simultaneously.
• Even loop reactors can be used to prepare polyether polycarbonate polyols.
• a jet loop reactor which may also be operated continuously, or a loop of tubular reactors.
• the use of a loop reactor is particularly advantageous because a backmixing can be realized here, so that the epoxide concentration should be low.
• a tube (“dwell tube”) is often connected downstream.
• polyethercarbonate polyols obtainable by the process according to the invention have a low content of by-products and can be processed without problems, in particular by reaction with di- and / or polyisocyanates to give polyurethanes, in particular polyurethane flexible foams.
• polyurethane applications it is preferred to use polyethercarbonate polyols based on an H-functional initiator having a functionality of at least 2.
• the polyethercarbonate polyols obtainable by the process of the present invention can be used in applications such as detergent and cleaner formulations, drilling fluids, fuel additives, ionic and nonionic surfactants, lubricants, process chemicals for paper or textile manufacturing, or cosmetic formulations.
• polyethercarbonate polyols to be used have to fulfill certain material properties such as, for example, molecular weight, viscosity, polydispersity, functionality and / or hydroxyl number.
• the weight and number average molecular weight of the resulting polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• DIN 55672-1 "Gel Permeation Chromatography, Part 1 - Tetrahydrofuran as Eluent".
• polystyrene samples of known molecular weight were used for calibration.
• the OH number (hydroxyl number) was determined on the basis of DIN 53240-2, except that pyridine was used instead of THF / dichloromethane as the solvent. It was titrated with 0.5 molar ethanolic KOH (endpoint detection by potentiometry). The test substance was castor oil with a certificate of OH number.
• the unit in "mg / g" refers to mg [KOH] / g [polyethercarbonate polyol].
• F (4,5) area of resonance at 4.5 ppm for cyclic carbonate (equivalent to one atom of H)
• F (5, 1-4,8) area of resonance at 5, 1-4,8 ppm for polyethercarbonate polyol and a H atom for cyclic carbonate.
• F (1.2-1.0) area of resonance at 1.2-1.0 ppm for polyether polyol
• N [F (5,1-4,8) -F (4,5)] * 102 + F (4,5) * 102 + F (2,4) * 58 + 0,33 * F (l, 2-1, 0) * 58 + 0.25 * F (l, 6- l, 52) * 146
• the factor 102 results from the sum of the molar masses of C0 2 (molar mass 44 g / mol) and that of propylene oxide (molar mass 58 g / mol), the factor 58 results from the molar mass of propylene oxide and the factor 146 results from the molar mass of the employed H-functional starter compound (starter) 1,8-octanediol.
• N is calculated according to formula (XI). From the values of the composition of the reaction mixture, the composition based on the polymer portion (consisting of polyether polyol, which was composed of starter and propylene oxide during the activation steps taking place under C0 2 -free conditions, and polyether carbonate polyol, composed of starter, propylene oxide and carbon dioxide during the activation steps taking place in the presence of C0 2 and during the copolymerization), the non-polymer constituents of the reaction mixture (ie cyclic propylene carbonate and possibly present, unreacted propylene oxide) were computationally eliminated.
• polyether polyol which was composed of starter and propylene oxide during the activation steps taking place under C0 2 -free conditions
• polyether carbonate polyol composed of starter, propylene oxide and carbon dioxide during the activation steps taking place in the presence of C0 2 and during the copolymerization
• the indication of the C0 2 content in the polyethercarbonate polyol ("incorporated C0 2 ", see the following examples and Table 1) is normalized to the proportion of Polyethercarbonatpolyol molecule formed in the copolymerization and optionally the activation steps in the presence of C0 2 (ie, the proportion of Polyethercarbonatpolyol molecule, from the starter (1,8-octanediol) and from the reaction the starter with epoxide added under C0 2 -free conditions was not considered).
• Example 1 (Comparison): Preparation of a catalyst not according to the invention based on tert-butanol
• the catalyst was prepared with an apparatus according to FIG. 4 of WO-A 01/39883
• the catalyst was prepared with an apparatus according to FIG. 4 of WO-A 01/39883.
• a solution of 258 g of zinc chloride in 937 g of distilled water and 135 g of 2-methyl-3 -butene-2-ol circulated at 50 ° C.
• a solution of 26 g of potassium hexacyanocobaltate (0.078 mol) in 332 g of distilled water was added.
• the pressure loss in the jet disperser was 2.5 bar.
• the dispersion formed was circulated for 60 minutes at 50 ° C and a pressure drop in the jet disperser of 2.5 bar.
• the catalyst was prepared with an apparatus according to FIG. 4 of WO-A 01/39883.
• a solution of 258 g of zinc chloride in 937 g of distilled water and 135 g of 2-methyl-3 -butin-2-ol circulated at 50 ° C.
• a solution of 26 g of potassium hexacyanocobaltate (0.078 mol) in 332 g of distilled water was added.
• the pressure loss in the jet disperser was 2.5 bar.
• the dispersion formed was circulated for 60 minutes at 50 ° C and a pressure drop in the jet disperser of 2.5 bar.
• the catalyst was prepared with an apparatus according to FIG. 4 of WO-A 01/39883.
• a solution of 258 g of zinc chloride in 937 g of distilled water and 135 g of 3-methyl-l -pentin-3-ol circulated at 50 ° C.
• a solution of 26 g of potassium hexacyanocobaltate (0.078 mol) in 332 g of distilled water was added.
• the pressure loss in the jet disperser was 2.5 bar.
• the dispersion formed was circulated for 60 minutes at 50 ° C and a pressure drop in the jet disperser of 2.5 bar.
• Example 5 Preparation of a catalyst based on 3-methyl-1-pentin-3-ol and zinc iodide according to the invention
• the activation of the catalyst was manifested by a temperature spike ("hotspot") and by a drop in pressure to the initial pressure (about 1 bar.) After the first pressure drop, 20 g of PO and then 19 g of PO were metered in rapidly, which in turn led to one After the reactor had been pressurized to 50 bar C0 2 , 50 g of PO were metered in quickly, which led to a temperature peak after a waiting time [time 1], and at the same time the pressure of carbon dioxide C0 2 began to increase The pressure was controlled so that when it dropped below the set point, new C0 2 was added, after which the remaining propylene oxide (435 g) was continuously pumped into the reactor at about 1.8 g / min, while after 10 minutes the temperature was lowered to 105 ° C. in steps of 5 ° C. every five minutes After completion of the addition of PO, stirring was continued at 105 ° C. and above pressure (1500 rpm) until no consumption at C0 2 more was observed.
• hotspot a temperature spike
• pressure
• C0 2 content in the part of the polymer formed in the presence of C0 2 ie the proportion of initiator and polyether which forms under C0 2 -free conditions upon activation are excluded.
• Examples 10 to 12 show, using a DMC catalyst with 3-methyl-1-pentin-3-ol as ligands, that the halide of the cyanide-free zinc salt influences the incorporation of carbon dioxide and the time required to activate the catalyst under carbon dioxide
• the time required to activate the catalyst under carbon dioxide is shortened, with the best result was achieved with zinc bromide (Example 12).
• the highest incorporated C0 2 content of 24% by weight was achieved with 3-methyl-1-pentin-3-ol and zinc chloride as the zinc salt (Example 10).
• the unsaturated alcohol ligands advantageously decrease the waiting time to peak temperature during activation under carbon dioxide (time 1).

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