WO2012029759A1 - アンテナ装置 - Google Patents
アンテナ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012029759A1 WO2012029759A1 PCT/JP2011/069563 JP2011069563W WO2012029759A1 WO 2012029759 A1 WO2012029759 A1 WO 2012029759A1 JP 2011069563 W JP2011069563 W JP 2011069563W WO 2012029759 A1 WO2012029759 A1 WO 2012029759A1
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- antenna element
- antenna
- feeding unit
- ground conductor
- power feeding
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna device provided with an antenna element, and more particularly to an antenna device that realizes polarization diversity.
- the appropriate polarization can be obtained. You can select and send / receive. Such a technique is known as polarization diversity.
- Patent Document 1 describes an antenna device that realizes polarization diversity with a single antenna element.
- the antenna device described in Patent Document 1 is shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 20 includes an X-shaped antenna element 1020.
- the antenna device 10 shown in FIG. 20A when the antenna element 1020 is fed from the feeding unit 1030, a high-frequency current flows in the antenna element 1020 in the direction indicated by the arrow 1031.
- FIG. 20B when the antenna element 1020 is fed from the feeding unit 1040, a high frequency current flows in the direction indicated by the arrow 1041 in the antenna element 1020.
- the antenna device 11 shown in FIG. 21 includes an L-shaped antenna element 1120.
- a central portion 1150 of the antenna element 1120 is connected to the ground.
- FIG. 21A when the antenna element 1020 is fed from the feeding unit 1130, a high-frequency current flows in the direction indicated by the arrow 1131 in the antenna element 1020.
- FIG. 21B when the antenna element 1020 is fed from the feeding unit 1140, a high-frequency current flows in the direction indicated by the arrow 1041 in the antenna element 1020.
- the direction of the high-frequency current flowing on the antenna element is switched by switching the position of the power feeding unit, and the main polarization of radio waves transmitted and received in the antenna device is switched.
- the antenna device described in Patent Literature 1 since polarization diversity is realized by one antenna element, it is possible to reduce the cost, occupied volume, and the like of the antenna element.
- the antenna element described in Patent Document 1 requires shapes such as an X shape and an L shape in order to flow a high-frequency current corresponding to each of a plurality of polarized waves. Therefore, the shape of the entire antenna element is restricted, and the degree of freedom in designing the device is lost. In particular, when the electronic component and the ground are retracted from the lower part of the antenna element in order to ensure the characteristics of the antenna element, the degree of freedom in designing the device is further lost, and miniaturization and the like become difficult.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the degree of freedom in designing an antenna device that realizes polarization diversity.
- an antenna device is provided with an antenna element, a substrate on which a ground conductor is formed, and a first and a second that are provided on the substrate and feed power to the antenna element. And a switching unit that switches which of the first and second feeding units feeds the antenna element, and the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element, The main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is different from that when the two power feeding units feed the antenna element.
- one of the first power feeding unit and the second power feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Which of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit feeds power to the antenna element is switched by the switching unit. Since the first power feeding unit and the second power feeding unit are provided on the substrate, and a ground conductor is formed on the substrate, the first power feeding unit or the second power feeding unit may be configured to connect the antenna element. When power is supplied, a high-frequency current flows through the ground conductor.
- radio waves having a polarization direction along the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor can be suitably transmitted and received. By controlling the main direction, it is possible to switch the main polarization of radio waves to be transmitted and received.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is different between when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element and when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- the switching unit it is possible to switch the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received, thereby realizing polarization diversity.
- the shape of the antenna element is not limited, it is possible to improve the degree of design freedom in a device that realizes polarization diversity.
- the antenna device can switch the direction of the main polarization of radio waves to be transmitted and received without making the shape of the antenna element special. Thereby, the freedom degree of the design in the apparatus which implement
- the present invention includes an antenna element, a substrate on which a ground conductor is formed, a first and a second feeding unit that are provided on the substrate and feeds the antenna element, and a first and a second feeding.
- a switching unit that switches which of the unit supplies power to the antenna element, when the first power supply unit supplies power to the antenna element, and when the second power supply unit supplies power to the antenna element.
- An antenna device is provided in which the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is different.
- the first conductor feeds the antenna element
- the second feeder feeds the antenna element, and flows through the ground conductor. Since the main direction of the high-frequency current is different, the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received can be switched using the switching unit. Thus, polarization diversity can be realized without using a special antenna shape.
- the antenna device has a main component of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element and when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- Any device may be used as long as it is designed to have different directions.
- a device in which the first and second power feeding units are arranged as described below can be suitably used.
- the main polarization when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element is the first direction
- the main polarization when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element is the first direction.
- the first and second feeding parts are arranged so as to be shorter than the electrical length of the first, and (2) in the third path passing through the first feeding part and crossing the ground conductor in the second direction, The sum of the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides of the feeding part and the electrical length of the antenna element passes through the second feeding part. In the fourth path traversing the ground conductor in the second direction, the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the second power feeding portion and the sum of the electrical lengths of the antenna element is greater than the frequency band used by the antenna element.
- the first and second feeding parts are arranged so as to be close to a half wavelength, and (3) the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the second feeding part in the second path, and the electrical length of the antenna element Is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band of the antenna element than the sum of the difference between the electrical lengths of both sides sandwiching the second feeding portion in the fourth path and the electrical length of the antenna element. It is preferable to arrange the second power feeding unit.
- the first power feeding unit is arranged closer to the center of the electrical length of the first path.
- the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the currents flowing in the first direction from the first feeding unit are opposite to each other from the first feeding unit toward both ends of the first path. Since the flows cancel out so as to be in phase, the second direction can be successfully made the main polarization.
- the second power feeding unit is arranged so as to be away from the center of the electrical length of the second path.
- the current flowing in the second direction from the second power feeding unit has a small or no cancellation as described above. Therefore, when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the first direction can be successfully set as the main polarization.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction in the ground conductor considering the cancellation due to the reverse phase current is the first in the third path.
- the second power feeding part feeds the antenna element, the effective electric power in the second direction in the ground conductor considering the cancellation due to the reverse phase current is obtained.
- the length is the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the second power feeding unit in the fourth path.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction when the first power feeding portion feeds the antenna element and the antenna element is longer than the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction and the electrical length of the antenna element when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Near half wavelength.
- the current flowing in the second direction is the second direction when the second feeding unit is feeding the antenna element.
- the polarization in the second direction when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element is polarized in the second direction when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Can be stronger than the wave.
- the effective electrical length in the first direction and the electrical length of the antenna element Is closer to the half wavelength of the operating frequency band than the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction and the electrical length of the antenna element, so that the current flowing in the first direction is , Larger than the current flowing in the second direction. Therefore, when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the first direction can be successfully set as the main polarization.
- the main polarization when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element is set to the second direction by arranging the feeding unit as in (1) to (3). Can be made stronger than the polarization in the second direction when the second feeding portion feeds the antenna element.
- the main polarization when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element can be the first direction. Therefore, switching of the main polarization can be suitably realized.
- the first power feeding unit is arranged at the center of one side of the substrate on which the ground (ground conductor) is formed, and the second power feeding is arranged at the end of the same side. May be arranged, and as shown in the eighth and ninth embodiments, the feeding unit may be arranged at other positions. Further, as in the first to seventh and ninth embodiments, the direction in which the power feeding parts are connected may overlap with one of the polarization directions, or the direction in which the power feeding parts are connected to each other as in the eighth embodiment. The wave direction may be different.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an antenna device 1 according to an embodiment (first embodiment) of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a high-frequency current flowing through the antenna device 1. It is. In both figures, (a) and (b) show the situation when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 1 includes a substrate 100 on which a ground (ground conductor) is formed and an antenna element 120.
- a transmission / reception circuit 110 On the substrate 100, a transmission / reception circuit 110, a first power feeding unit 130, A first matching circuit 132, a second power feeding unit 140, and a second matching circuit 142 are provided.
- the antenna element 120 has a linear shape, and the first power supply unit 130 and the second power supply unit 140 are connected to different ends of the antenna element 120, respectively.
- a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other are defined on the substrate surface of the substrate 100.
- the short direction and the long direction can be used as the first and second directions.
- which of the short side direction and the long side direction is set as the first direction can be determined according to the following conditions.
- the antenna element 120 when the electrical length in the first direction of the ground conductor of the substrate 100 is the first electrical length and the electrical length in the second direction of the ground conductor of the substrate 100 is the second electrical length, the antenna element 120 The sum of the electrical length and the first electrical length is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band of the antenna element 120 than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 120 and the second electrical length. What is necessary is just to define the 1st and 2nd direction.
- the use frequency band of the antenna element 120 is not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate according to the application.
- the first feeding unit 130 is configured such that when the first feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120, the main polarization of the dipole antenna formed by the ground conductor of the substrate 100 and the antenna element 120 is in the second direction. It is provided at such a position. Such a position exists on the substrate 100 near the center in the first direction and near the end in the second direction. As will be described later, when power is supplied near the center in the first direction, a reverse-phase current flows in the first direction, and the characteristics of the dipole antenna in the first direction are weakened. On the other hand, the reverse-phase current flowing in the second direction is suppressed, and the main polarization of the dipole antenna is in the second direction.
- the second power feeding unit 140 when the second power feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120, the second power feeding unit 140 has the main polarization of the dipole antenna constituted by the ground conductor of the substrate 100 and the antenna element 120 as the first polarization. It is provided in the position which becomes the direction of. Such a position exists on the substrate 100 near the end in the first and second directions.
- the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 120 and the first electrical length is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band of the antenna element 120 than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 120 and the second electrical length.
- the current flowing in the first direction on the ground conductor is stronger (power is larger) than the current flowing in the second direction on the ground conductor, and the main polarization of the dipole antenna is in the first direction. It becomes.
- the position of the first power feeding unit 130 can be the central part in the first direction on the substrate 100 and the end in the second direction.
- “the central portion in the first direction and the end portion in the second direction” means the vicinity of the center in the first direction and the vicinity of the end in the second direction, and , A position where the main polarization of the dipole antenna composed of the ground conductor of the substrate 100 and the antenna element 120 is in the second direction, for example, the distance from one end in the first direction of the substrate 100 However, it is preferably 40% or more and 60% or less of the total electrical length in the first direction, and particularly preferably 45% or more and 55% or less. Further, in the second direction of the substrate 100, the distance from one end is preferably 0% or more and 10% or less of the entire electrical length in the second direction, and is 0% or more and 5% or less. It is particularly preferred.
- the position of the second power feeding unit 140 can be an end of the substrate 100 in the first and second directions.
- the “end portion in the first and second directions” is a dipole antenna that is near the end in the first and second directions and includes the ground conductor of the substrate 100 and the antenna element 120.
- the distance from one end is 0% or more of the total electrical length in the first direction, It is preferably 10% or less, particularly preferably 0% or more and 5% or less.
- the distance from one end is preferably 0% or more and 10% or less of the entire electrical length in the second direction, and is preferably 0% or more and 5% or less. It is particularly preferred that
- a substrate on which no ground conductor is formed may be added to or integrated with the substrate 100.
- the above-described “substrate on which the ground conductor is formed”, that is, the substrate 100 is formed with the ground conductor. It is intended to refer to an area.
- the central part in the first direction is The first power supply unit 130 should be located closer to the second power supply unit 140 than the position shown in FIG. 1.
- the transmission / reception circuit 110 is a circuit that performs signal processing (A / D D / A conversion, modulation / demodulation, multiplexing / separation, control of a switch unit as described later, etc.) for transmission / reception of radio waves.
- the antenna element 120 is fed by the unit 130 or the second feeding unit 140.
- the transmission / reception circuit 110, the first matching circuit 132, and the second matching circuit 142 are connected by a first switch unit (switching unit) 111.
- the first switch unit 111 can switch which matching circuit is connected to the transmission / reception circuit 110. That is, when the first feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120, the transmission / reception circuit 110 and the first matching circuit 132 are connected, and when the second feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120, the transmission / reception circuit 110 is connected. Are connected to the second matching circuit 142.
- first power supply unit 130 and the first matching circuit 132 are connected via a second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 131.
- the second switch unit 131 connects the first matching circuit 132 and the first power feeding unit 130 when the first power feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120, and otherwise the first matching circuit. 132 and the first power supply unit 130 are not connected.
- the second power feeding unit 140 and the second matching circuit 142 are connected via a third switch unit (switching unit, second switching element) 141.
- the third switch unit 141 connects the second matching circuit 142 and the second feeding unit 140 when the second feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120, and otherwise the second matching circuit. 142 and the second power supply unit 140 are not connected.
- the antenna device 1 which of the first power feeding unit 130 and the second power feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120 is switched by the first to third switch units (switching units). Can do.
- the switching in these switch units may be controlled by the transmission / reception circuit 110, for example.
- FIG. 1A shows a configuration when the first power feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120.
- the first switch unit 111 connects the transmission / reception circuit 110 and the first matching circuit 132
- the second switch unit 131 connects the first matching circuit 132 and the first power feeding unit 130.
- the third switch unit 141 is connected to disconnect the second matching circuit 142 and the second power feeding unit 140.
- FIG. 2 shows the direction of the high-frequency current when the first feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120.
- the high-frequency current excited by the first power feeding unit 130 also flows through the ground conductor of the substrate 100.
- the first power supply unit 130 is located at the end of the substrate 100 in the second direction, the high-frequency current 134 that flows toward the other end in the second direction flows. Further, as described above, since the first power feeding unit 130 is located in the central portion in the first direction of the substrate 100, the high-frequency currents 135 and 136 directed to the both end portions in the first direction, respectively. Flows.
- the high-frequency currents 135 and 136 are in opposite phases to each other, they cancel each other and become very weak. Therefore, the main direction of the high-frequency current when the first feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120 is the second direction.
- the “high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor” refers to a current excited by the first power supply unit 130 or the second power supply unit 140, and the frequency is basically the frequency band used by the antenna element 120. Is the same.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current is intended to indicate the direction in which the largest current flows in consideration of cancellation due to the reverse-phase current.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor corresponds to the direction of the main polarization that can be suitably transmitted and received in the antenna device.
- FIG. 1B shows a configuration when the second power feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120.
- the first switch unit 111 connects the transmission / reception circuit 110 and the second matching circuit 142
- the third switch unit 141 connects the second matching circuit 142 and the second power feeding unit 140.
- the second switch unit 131 is disconnected from the first matching circuit 132 and the first power supply unit 130.
- the direction of the high-frequency current when the second power feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2B, in addition to the high-frequency current 143 flowing through the antenna element 120, the high-frequency current excited by the second power feeding unit 140 also flows through the ground conductor of the substrate 100.
- the second power feeding unit 140 is located at the end of the substrate 100 in the second direction, the high-frequency current 144 that flows toward the other end in the second direction flows. Moreover, since the 2nd electric power feeding part 140 is located in the edge part in the 1st direction of the board
- the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 120 and the first electrical length is greater than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 120 and the second electrical length. Close to half the wavelength band. Since the antenna element 120 and the ground conductor constitute a dipole antenna, a large current flows in a direction in which the electrical length is close to a half wavelength of the use frequency band of the antenna element 120. Therefore, the high-frequency current 145 is larger than the high-frequency current 144, and the main direction of the high-frequency current when the second power feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120 is the first direction.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor differs between when the first feeding unit 130 feeds the antenna element 120 and when the second feeding unit 140 feeds the antenna element 120. Therefore, by switching which feeding unit feeds the antenna element 120, the main direction of the high-frequency current can be switched, and the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received can be switched. Therefore, in the antenna device 1 according to the present embodiment, polarization diversity can be suitably realized.
- FIG. 19 shows a case where the antenna device 1 according to this embodiment is applied to a mobile phone terminal (FIG. 19A), and instead of the antenna element 120 according to this embodiment, Patent Document 1 It is a figure compared with the case ((b) of FIG. 19) when the antenna element 1020 described in 1 is used.
- FIG. 19 compared to the case where the antenna element 1020 described in Patent Document 1 is used, by using the antenna element 120 according to the present embodiment, the area, volume, etc. occupied by the antenna element in the apparatus are small.
- the degree of freedom in designing the apparatus is improved, and that the apparatus can be easily downsized.
- the antenna device according to the present invention is not limited to the linear antenna element, and may include any antenna element, and may include the antenna element described in Patent Document 1. Good. That is, in the present invention, the shape of the antenna element is not particularly limited as long as the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor formed on the substrate is controlled by switching the power feeding unit.
- the antenna element 120 may be provided at a position where power can be supplied from the first power supply unit 130 and the second power supply unit 140. However, as described above, a ground conductor is formed below the antenna element 120. It is preferable that it is not provided, and it may be provided outside the substrate 100 as shown in FIG. When the antenna element 120 is provided on the substrate as shown in FIG. 19A, the ground conductor may not be formed from the lower portion of the antenna element 120 on the substrate.
- the antenna device according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a device having an antenna, and performs wireless communication, for example, a mobile phone terminal, a portable wireless terminal such as a PDA, or an attached wireless communication device. It can be applied to devices in general.
- the antenna device according to the present invention may naturally include a member other than the above-described constituent members according to the application.
- a circuit unit or a CPU unit for executing a communication application a voice, Voice input unit (sending unit) for receiving input, speaker (receiving unit) for outputting voice, buttons for receiving operation input, input unit such as touch panel, display unit such as LCD for display, housing, battery Etc.
- a circuit unit or a CPU unit for executing a communication application, a voice, Voice input unit (sending unit) for receiving input, speaker (receiving unit) for outputting voice, buttons for receiving operation input, input unit such as touch panel, display unit such as LCD for display, housing, battery Etc.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of the antenna device 2 according to an embodiment (second embodiment) of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a high-frequency current flowing through the antenna device 2. It is. In both figures, (a) and (b) show the situation when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 2 includes a substrate 200 and an antenna element 220, similar to the antenna device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- a transmission / reception circuit 210 On the substrate 200, a first switch Unit (switching unit) 211, first power feeding unit 230, second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 231, first matching circuit 232, second power feeding unit 240, third switch unit (Switching unit, second switching element) 241 and a second matching circuit 242 are provided.
- the antenna device 2 further includes a third matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching circuit) 252, a fourth switch part (antenna ground conductor switching part) 251, and a fourth matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching). Circuit) 262 and a fifth switch unit (antenna ground conductor switching unit) 261, which is different from the antenna device 1 according to the first embodiment in this respect.
- the fourth switch unit 251 connects the antenna element 220 and the third matching circuit 252, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the antenna element 220 and the third matching circuit 252.
- the third matching circuit 252 is a matching circuit for matching the impedance of the antenna element 220.
- the third matching circuit 252 is connected to the antenna element 220 via the fourth switch unit 251, and is grounded to the ground conductor on the other side. .
- the fifth switch unit 261 connects the antenna element 220 and the fourth matching circuit 262, and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the antenna element 220 and the fourth matching circuit 262.
- the fourth matching circuit 262 is a matching circuit for matching the impedance of the antenna element 220.
- the fourth matching circuit 262 is connected to the antenna element 220 through the fifth switch unit 261, and is grounded to the ground conductor on the other side. .
- the both ends of the antenna element 220 are connected to the first power feeding unit 230 and the second power feeding unit 240, respectively, and the inside is connected to the fourth switch unit 251 and the fifth switch unit 261, respectively. ing.
- FIG. 3A shows a configuration when the first power feeding unit 230 feeds the antenna element 220.
- the first switch unit 211 connects the transmission / reception circuit 210 and the first matching circuit 232
- the second switch unit 231 connects the first matching circuit 232 and the first power feeding unit 230 to each other.
- the third switch unit 241 disconnects the second matching circuit 242 and the second power feeding unit 240
- the fourth switch unit 251 connects the third matching circuit 252 and the antenna element 220.
- the fifth switch unit 261 disconnects the fourth matching circuit 262 and the antenna element 220.
- FIG. 4A The direction of the high-frequency current when the first power feeding unit 230 feeds the antenna element 220 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4A, a high-frequency current 233 flows through the antenna element 220. At this time, a high-frequency current 234 flows to the ground conductor of the substrate 200 via the fourth switch unit 251 and the third matching circuit 252. Thus, when the first power feeding unit 230 feeds the antenna element 220, the antenna element operates as an inverted F antenna.
- a high-frequency current excited by the first power supply unit 230 flows also in the ground conductor of the substrate 200. Since the 1st electric power feeding part 230 is located in the edge part in the 2nd direction of the board
- the high-frequency currents 236 and 237 and the high-frequency currents 238 and 239 are in opposite phases to each other, they cancel each other and become very weak. Therefore, the main direction of the high-frequency current when the first power feeding unit 230 feeds the antenna element 220 is the second direction.
- FIG. 3B shows a configuration when the second power feeding unit 240 feeds the antenna element 220.
- the first switch unit 211 connects the transmission / reception circuit 210 and the second matching circuit 242
- the second switch unit 231 connects the first matching circuit 232 and the first power feeding unit 230.
- the third switch unit 241 connects the second matching circuit 242 and the second power feeding unit 240
- the fourth switch unit 251 disconnects the third matching circuit 252 and the antenna element 220.
- the fifth switch unit 261 connects the fourth matching circuit 262 and the antenna element 220.
- FIG. 4B The direction of the high-frequency current when the second power feeding unit 240 feeds the antenna element 220 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4B, a high frequency current 243 flows through the antenna element 220. At this time, a high-frequency current 244 flows to the ground conductor of the substrate 200 via the fifth switch unit 261 and the fourth matching circuit 262. Thus, when the second power feeding unit 240 feeds the antenna element 220, the antenna element operates as an inverted F antenna.
- the second power feeding unit 240 Since the second power feeding unit 240 is located at the end of the substrate 200 in the second direction, a high-frequency current 245 flows toward the other end in the second direction. Moreover, since the 2nd electric power feeding part 240 is located in the edge part in the 1st direction of the board
- the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 220 and the first electrical length is greater than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 220 and the second electrical length. Since the high frequency current 246 is larger than the high frequency current 245 and the high frequency current 247 also flows in the first direction because it is close to a half wavelength of the frequency band, the second power feeding unit 240 feeds the antenna element 220. In this case, the main direction of the high-frequency current is the first direction.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor differs between when the first power supply unit 230 supplies power to the antenna element 220 and when the second power supply unit 240 supplies power to the antenna element 220. Therefore, by switching which power feeding unit feeds the antenna element 220, the main direction of the high-frequency current can be switched, and the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received can be switched.
- the antenna element 220 can be configured as an inverted-F antenna, the antenna characteristics can be improved in some cases. For example, it may be possible to suppress deterioration of antenna characteristics when the housing of the antenna device 2 is held by hand.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 3 according to one embodiment (third embodiment) of the present invention.
- (a) and (b) show the state when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 3 includes a substrate 300 and an antenna element 320, similar to the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment.
- a transmission / reception circuit 310 On the substrate 300, a first switch Unit (switching unit) 311, first power feeding unit 330, second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 331, first matching circuit 332, second power feeding unit 340, third switch unit (Switching unit, second switching element) 341, second matching circuit 342, fourth switch unit (antenna ground conductor switching unit) 351, and third matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching circuit) 352 I have.
- the antenna device 3 does not include the fifth switch unit and the fourth matching circuit, and is different from the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment in this respect.
- the antenna element 220 operates as an inverted F antenna only when the first power feeding unit 330 feeds the antenna element 320.
- the antenna element may be configured to operate as an inverted F antenna only when the antenna element is fed from any one of the feeding units.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 4 according to one embodiment (fourth embodiment) of the present invention.
- (a) and (b) show the state when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 4 includes a substrate 400 and an antenna element 420 as in the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment, and a transmission / reception circuit 410 and a first switch are provided on the substrate 400.
- Unit (switching unit) 411, first power feeding unit 430, second switch unit (switching unit, second switching element) 431, first matching circuit 432, second power feeding unit 440, third switch unit (Switching unit, second switching element) 441, second matching circuit 442, fifth switch unit (antenna ground conductor switching unit) 461, and fourth matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching circuit) 462 I have.
- the antenna device 3 does not include the fourth switch unit and the third matching circuit, and is different from the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment in this respect.
- the antenna element 420 operates as an inverted F antenna only when the second power feeding unit 440 feeds the antenna element 420.
- the antenna element may be configured to operate as an inverted F antenna only when the antenna element is fed from any one of the feeding units.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of the antenna device 5 according to one embodiment (fifth embodiment) of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating a high-frequency current flowing through the antenna device 5. It is. In both figures, (a) and (b) show the situation when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 5 includes a substrate 500 and an antenna element 520, similarly to the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment, and a transmission / reception circuit 510 and a first switch are provided on the substrate 500.
- Both ends of the antenna element 520 are connected to the fourth switch unit 551 and the fifth switch unit 561, respectively, and on the inside thereof, the first power supply unit 530 and the second power supply unit 540 are connected, respectively. ing. This point is different from the antenna device 2 according to the second embodiment.
- description of the same parts as those of the second embodiment will be omitted, and parts different from those of the second embodiment will be described in detail.
- FIG. 7 has shown the structure when the 1st electric power feeding part 530 feeds the antenna element 520.
- the first switch unit 511 connects the transmission / reception circuit 510 and the first matching circuit 532
- the second switch unit 531 connects the first matching circuit 532 and the first power feeding unit 530.
- the third switch unit 541 disconnects the second matching circuit 542 and the second power feeding unit 540
- the fourth switch unit 551 connects the third matching circuit 552 and the antenna element 520.
- the fifth switch unit 561 disconnects the fourth matching circuit 562 and the antenna element 520.
- FIG. 8A shows the direction of the high-frequency current when the first power feeding unit 530 feeds the antenna element 520.
- a high-frequency current 533 flows through the antenna element 520.
- a high-frequency current 534 flows to the ground conductor of the substrate 500 via the fourth switch unit 551 and the third matching circuit 552.
- the antenna element operates as a modified inverted F antenna.
- a high-frequency current excited by the first power feeding unit 530 flows also in the ground conductor of the substrate 500. Since the first power supply unit 530 is located at the end of the substrate 500 in the second direction, a high-frequency current 535 flows toward the other end in the second direction. Moreover, since the 1st electric power feeding part 530 is located in the center part in the 1st direction of the board
- the high-frequency currents 536 and 537 and the high-frequency currents 538 and 239 are in an opposite phase relationship, they cancel each other and become very weak. Therefore, the main direction of the high-frequency current when the first feeding unit 530 feeds the antenna element 520 is the second direction.
- FIG. 7B shows a configuration when the second power feeding unit 540 feeds the antenna element 520.
- the first switch unit 511 connects the transmission / reception circuit 510 and the second matching circuit 542, and the second switch unit 531 connects the first matching circuit 532 and the first power feeding unit 530.
- the third switch unit 541 connects the second matching circuit 542 and the second power feeding unit 540, and the fourth switch unit 551 disconnects the third matching circuit 552 and the antenna element 520.
- the fifth switch unit 561 connects the fourth matching circuit 562 and the antenna element 520.
- FIG. 8B The direction of the high-frequency current when the second power feeding unit 540 feeds the antenna element 520 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8B, a high-frequency current 543 flows through the antenna element 520. At this time, a high-frequency current 544 flows to the ground conductor of the substrate 500 via the fifth switch unit 561 and the fourth matching circuit 562. Thus, when the second power feeding unit 540 feeds the antenna element 520, the antenna element operates as a modified inverted F antenna.
- a high-frequency current 545 flows toward the other end in the second direction.
- a high-frequency current 546 flows toward the other end in the first direction.
- the high-frequency current that has flowed from the antenna element 520 to the substrate 500 via the fifth switch portion 561 becomes a high-frequency current 547 directed toward the other end portion in the first direction.
- the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 520 and the first electrical length is greater than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 520 and the second electrical length. Since the high-frequency current 546 is larger than the high-frequency current 545 and the high-frequency current 547 also flows in the first direction because it is close to a half wavelength of the frequency band, the second power feeding unit 540 feeds the antenna element 520. In this case, the main direction of the high-frequency current is the first direction.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor differs between when the first power supply unit 530 supplies power to the antenna element 520 and when the second power supply unit 540 supplies power to the antenna element 520. Therefore, by switching which feeding unit feeds the antenna element 520, the main direction of the high-frequency current can be switched, and the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received can be switched. Further, since the antenna element 520 can be configured as a modified inverted-F antenna, the antenna characteristics can be improved as in the case where the antenna element 520 is configured as an inverted-F antenna. For example, it may be possible to suppress deterioration of the antenna characteristics when the housing of the antenna device 5 is held by hand.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 6 according to one embodiment (sixth embodiment) of the present invention.
- (a) and (b) show the state when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 6 includes a substrate 600 and an antenna element 620 as in the antenna device 5 according to the fifth embodiment.
- a transmission / reception circuit 610 and a first switch are provided on the substrate 600.
- Unit (switching unit) 611, first power feeding unit 630, second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 631, first matching circuit 632, second power feeding unit 640, third switch unit (Switching unit, second switching element) 641, second matching circuit 642, fourth switch unit (antenna ground conductor switching unit) 651, and third matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching circuit) 652 I have.
- the antenna device 6 does not include the fifth switch unit and the fourth matching circuit, and is different from the antenna device 5 according to the fifth embodiment in this respect.
- the antenna element 620 operates as a modified inverted-F antenna only when the first power feeding unit 630 feeds the antenna element 620.
- the antenna element may be configured to operate as a modified inverted F antenna only when the antenna element is fed from any one of the feeding units.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 7 according to one embodiment (seventh embodiment) of the present invention.
- (a) and (b) show the state when the antenna element is fed from different feeding sections.
- the antenna device 7 includes a substrate 700 and an antenna element 720, similar to the antenna device 5 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the transmission / reception circuit 710 and the first switch are provided on the substrate 700.
- Unit (switching unit) 711, first power feeding unit 730, second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 731, first matching circuit 732, second power feeding unit 740, third switch unit (Switching unit, second switching element) 741, second matching circuit 742, fifth switch unit (antenna ground conductor switching unit) 761, and fourth matching circuit (antenna ground conductor matching circuit) 762 I have.
- the antenna device 7 does not include the fourth switch unit and the third matching circuit, and is different from the antenna device 5 according to the fifth embodiment in this respect.
- the antenna element 720 operates as a modified inverted-F antenna only when the second power feeding unit 740 feeds the antenna element 720.
- the antenna element may be configured to operate as a modified inverted F antenna only when the antenna element is fed from any one of the feeding units.
- the antenna element When the antenna element is fed from one of the feeding sections, the antenna element operates as an inverted F antenna, and when the antenna element is fed from the other feeding section, the antenna element operates as a modified inverted F antenna.
- You may comprise as follows.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 8 according to one embodiment (eighth embodiment) of the present invention.
- the antenna device 8 includes a substrate 800 on which a ground (ground conductor) is formed and an antenna element 820.
- a transmission / reception circuit 810 and a first switch unit (switching) are provided on the substrate 800.
- the antenna element 820 has a linear shape, and the first power supply unit 830 and the second power supply unit 840 are connected to different ends of the antenna element 820, respectively.
- the configuration of each part is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the arrangement thereof, and the description thereof is omitted.
- 11A shows a state when the antenna element 820 is fed from the first feeding unit 830
- FIG. 11B shows a state when the antenna element 820 is fed from the second feeding unit 840. Indicates.
- a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other are defined on the substrate surface of the substrate 800.
- the first direction and the second direction are defined so as to be different from the longitudinal direction and the short direction of the substrate 800.
- the direction parallel to the route A (first route) and the route C (second route) in FIG. 11 is defined as the first direction
- the direction parallel to the second path) is the second direction.
- the path A is a path that passes through the first power feeding unit 830 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 800 in the first direction.
- the path B is a path that passes through the first power supply unit 830 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 800 in the second direction.
- the path C is a path that passes through the second feeder 840 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 800 in the first direction.
- the path D is a path that passes through the second feeder 840 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 800 in the second direction.
- the main polarization is changed.
- the main polarization can be set to the first direction.
- FIG. 12 to 14 are diagrams partially showing the configuration of the antenna device 8. 13A and 13B, FIG. 13A shows a state where the antenna element 820 is fed from the first feeding unit 830, and FIG. 13B shows a case where the antenna element 820 is fed from the second feeding unit 840. The state of is shown.
- the electrical length between the first power feeding unit 830 and the center E of the electrical length of the path A is greater than that of the second power feeding unit 840 and the path C.
- the first power feeding unit 830 and the second power feeding unit 840 are arranged so as to be shorter than the electrical length between the long center F.
- the center of the electrical length in the path refers to a position where the electrical length from both ends of the path is equal.
- the second feeding unit 840 cancels the antenna element 820 by canceling out the current in the first direction. This is larger than the cancellation of current in the first direction when power is supplied. For this reason, when the first power feeding unit 830 feeds the antenna element 820, the negative current in the first direction cancels out greatly, and the second direction becomes the main polarization.
- the second power feeding unit 840 feeds the antenna element 820, since the cancellation of the reverse phase current in the first direction is small (or absent), the first direction should be successfully set as the main polarization. Can do.
- the effective frequency band in the second direction in the ground conductor and the electrical length of the antenna element 820 are used. It is close to a half wavelength.
- the antenna element 820 and the ground conductor constitute a dipole antenna, a large current flows in a direction in which the electrical length is close to a half wavelength of the used frequency band.
- the current that flows in the second direction supplies power to the antenna element 820 from the second power supply unit 840.
- the main polarization when the first feeding unit 830 feeds the antenna element 820 can be successfully set to the second direction.
- the main polarization when the second feeding unit 840 feeds the antenna element 820 can be successfully changed to a direction other than the second direction.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction in the ground conductor when the first feeding unit 830 feeds the antenna element 820 refers to the electrical length in consideration of cancellation due to the reverse phase current, This is the difference (absolute value) between the electrical lengths on both sides of the first power supply unit 830 in the path B. Specifically, the difference between the electrical lengths of the path B1 and the path B2 in FIG. Similarly, the effective electrical length in the second direction of the ground conductor when the second power feeding unit 840 feeds the antenna element 820 is the electrical length of both sides sandwiching the second power feeding unit 840 in the path D. (The absolute value thereof), and indicates the difference between the electrical lengths of the path D1 and the path D2 in FIG. 13B. Therefore, the first power supply unit 830 and the second power supply unit 840 may be arranged so that the paths B1, B2, D1, and D2 satisfy the above-described conditions.
- the effective frequency band in the second direction in the ground conductor and the electrical length of the antenna element 820 are used. It is close to a half wavelength. Therefore, when the second power supply unit 840 supplies power to the antenna element 820, the current flowing in the first direction is larger than the current flowing in the second direction. Therefore, the main polarization when the second feeding unit 840 feeds the antenna element 820 can be successfully set to the first direction.
- the effective electrical length in the first direction of the ground conductor when the second feeding unit 840 feeds the antenna element 820 is the electrical length on both sides of the second feeding unit 840 in the path C. This is the difference (absolute value), and indicates the difference between the electrical lengths of the path C1 and the path C2 in FIG. Therefore, the second power feeding unit 840 may be arranged so that the paths C1, C2, D1, and D2 satisfy the above-described conditions.
- switching of the main polarization can be suitably realized.
- the antenna element 820 may be configured as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna, as in the second to seventh embodiments. That is, the antenna device 8 may further include one or two antenna ground conductor matching circuits and an antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the antenna ground conductor matching circuit is a matching circuit for matching the impedance of the antenna element 820 to the ground conductor, and may be any circuit connected to the ground conductor and the antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the first power feeding unit 830 and the second power feeding unit 840 are connected to both ends of the antenna element 820, respectively. Just connect.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the antenna device 9 according to one embodiment (9th embodiment) of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16 to 18 are diagrams partially showing the configuration of the antenna device 9.
- the antenna device 9 includes a substrate 900 on which a ground (ground conductor) is formed, and an antenna element 920.
- a transmission / reception circuit 910 On the substrate 900, a transmission / reception circuit 910, a first switch unit (switching) Part) 911, first power feeding part 930, second switch part (switching part, first switching element) 931, first matching circuit 932, second power feeding part 940, third switch part (switching part) , A second switching element) 941 and a second matching circuit 942.
- the antenna element 920 has a linear shape, and the first power feeding unit 930 and the second power feeding unit 940 are connected to different ends of the antenna element 920, respectively.
- the configuration of each part is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the arrangement thereof, and the description thereof is omitted.
- FIGS. 15, 17, and 18 (a) show a state when the antenna element 920 is fed from the first feeding unit 930, and (b) shows the antenna element 920 from the second feeding unit 940. The state when power is supplied.
- a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other are defined on the substrate surface of the substrate 900.
- the first direction and the second direction are defined so as to be different from the longitudinal direction and the short direction of the substrate 900.
- the direction parallel to the route A (first route) and the route C (second route) in FIG. 15 is defined as the first direction
- the direction parallel to the second path) is the second direction.
- the path A is a path that passes through the first power supply unit 930 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 900 in the first direction.
- the path B is a path that passes through the first power feeding unit 930 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 900 in the second direction.
- the path C is a path that passes through the second power feeding unit 940 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 900 in the first direction.
- the path D is a path that passes through the second power feeding unit 940 and crosses the ground conductor of the substrate 900 in the second direction.
- the first power feeding unit 930 disposes the antenna element 920 by arranging the first power feeding unit 930 and the second power feeding unit 940 so as to satisfy the same conditions as in the eighth embodiment.
- the main polarization can be in the second direction
- the second power supply unit 940 supplies the antenna element 920
- the main polarization can be in the first direction.
- the electrical length between the first power feeding unit 930 and the center E of the electrical length of the path A is greater than the second power feeding unit 940 and the center F of the electrical length of the path C.
- the first power supply unit 930 and the second power supply unit 940 are arranged to be shorter than the electrical length between the first power supply unit 930 and the second power supply unit 940.
- the first feeding unit 930 feeds the antenna element 920
- the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction of the ground conductor and the electrical length of the antenna element 920 is the second.
- the power feeding unit 940 feeds the antenna element 920, it is closer to a half wavelength of the used frequency band than the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction of the ground conductor and the electrical length of the antenna element 920. It is like that. That is, the sum of the difference between the electrical lengths of the paths B1 and B2 in FIG. 17A and the electrical length of the antenna element 920 is the difference between the electrical lengths of the paths D1 and D2 in FIG.
- the first power feeding unit 930 and the second power feeding unit 940 are arranged so as to be closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element 920 and the antenna element 920.
- the second feeding unit 940 feeds the antenna element 920
- the sum of the effective electrical length in the first direction of the ground conductor and the electrical length of the antenna element 920 is the first in the ground conductor. It is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band than the sum of the effective electrical length in the direction 2 and the electrical length of the antenna element 920. That is, the sum of the difference between the electrical lengths of the paths C1 and C2 in FIG. 18A and the electrical length of the antenna element 920 is the difference between the electrical lengths of the paths D1 and D2 in FIG. And the electric length of the antenna element 920, the second power feeding unit 940 is disposed so as to be closer to a half wavelength of the used frequency band.
- the antenna element 920 may be configured as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna as in the second to eighth embodiments. That is, the antenna device 9 may further include one or two antenna ground conductor matching circuits and an antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the antenna ground conductor matching circuit is a matching circuit for matching the impedance of the antenna element 920 to the ground conductor, and may be any circuit connected to the ground conductor and the antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the first power feeding unit 930 and the second power feeding unit 940 are connected to both ends of the antenna element 920, respectively. Just connect.
- the antenna device includes the antenna element, the substrate on which the ground conductor is formed, and the first and second power supply units provided on the substrate and supplying power to the antenna element. And a switching unit that switches which of the first and second power feeding units feeds the antenna element, the first power feeding unit feeding power to the antenna element, and the second power feeding The main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is different from that when the portion is feeding the antenna element.
- one of the first power feeding unit and the second power feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Which of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit feeds power to the antenna element is switched by the switching unit. Since the first power feeding unit and the second power feeding unit are provided on the substrate, and a ground conductor is formed on the substrate, the first power feeding unit or the second power feeding unit may be configured to connect the antenna element. When power is supplied, a high-frequency current flows through the ground conductor.
- radio waves having a polarization direction along the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor can be suitably transmitted and received. By controlling the main direction, it is possible to switch the main polarization of radio waves to be transmitted and received.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is different between when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element and when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- the switching unit it is possible to switch the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received, thereby realizing polarization diversity.
- the shape of the antenna element is not limited, it is possible to improve the degree of design freedom in a device that realizes polarization diversity.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is the first direction
- the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and passes through the first power supply section and crosses the ground conductor in the first direction.
- the electrical length between the center of the electrical length and the first power supply unit is the center of the electrical length of the second path passing through the second power supply unit and crossing the ground conductor in the first direction. It is preferable that the 1st and 2nd electric power feeding part is arrange
- the main polarization when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the main polarization is in the first direction, and when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the main polarization Is in the second direction, so that the main polarization of the radio wave to be transmitted and received can be switched to suitably realize polarization diversity.
- the first power feeding unit is arranged so as to be closer to the center of the electrical length of the first path.
- the second power feeding unit is arranged so as to be away from the center of the electrical length of the second path.
- the current flowing in the second direction from the second power feeding unit has a small or no cancellation as described above. Therefore, the first direction can be successfully set as the main polarization.
- the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the first feeding part in the third path passing through the first feeding part and crossing the ground conductor in the second direction, and the electrical length of the antenna element Is the difference between the electrical lengths of both sides sandwiching the second feeding part in the fourth path passing through the second feeding part and crossing the ground conductor in the second direction, and the electrical length of the antenna element.
- the first and second power feeding units are arranged so as to be closer to the half wavelength of the use frequency band of the antenna element than the sum of the above.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction in the ground conductor considering the cancellation due to the reverse phase current is the first in the third path.
- the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the power feeding portion is.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction in the ground conductor considering the cancellation due to the reverse phase current is the second path in the fourth path.
- the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides sandwiching the power feeding portion is.
- the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction and the electrical length of the antenna element when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element is the second. Is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band than the sum of the effective electrical length in the second direction and the electrical length of the antenna element when the power feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Therefore, the current that flows in the second direction when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element is the current that flows in the second direction when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element. Bigger than. Therefore, the polarization in the second direction becomes stronger when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element, and the switching of the main polarization described above (the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element). In this case, the main polarization is in the first direction, and the main polarization is in the second direction when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- the sum of the difference between the electrical lengths of both sides sandwiching the second feeding unit in the second path and the electrical length of the antenna element sandwiches the second feeding unit in the fourth path. It is preferable that the second feeding unit is arranged so that it is closer to a half wavelength of the use frequency band of the antenna element than the sum of the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides and the electrical length of the antenna element.
- the effective electrical length in the first direction in the ground conductor considering the cancellation due to the reverse phase current is the second in the second path.
- the effective electrical length in the second direction of the ground conductor in consideration of cancellation due to the reverse phase current sandwiches the second feeding part in the fourth path. It is the difference between the electrical lengths on both sides.
- the second feeding unit when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the sum of the effective electrical length in the first direction and the electrical length of the antenna element is the second. It is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band than the sum of the effective electrical length in the direction of and the electrical length of the antenna element. For this reason, the current flowing in the first direction is larger than the current flowing in the second direction. Therefore, when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the first direction becomes the main polarization, and the main polarization switching described above (when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element). The main polarization is in the first direction, and when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the main polarization is in the second direction).
- the substrate surface of the substrate is defined by a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and the ground conductor has a first electrical length in the first direction.
- the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element and the first electrical length is the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element and the second electrical length. Is closer to the half wavelength of the used frequency band of the antenna element than the sum of the first and the first feeding part, when the first feeding part feeds the antenna element, in the first direction of the ground conductor.
- the dipole antenna composed of the antenna element and the ground conductor is provided at a position where a negative phase current is generated and the main polarization is in the second direction.
- the second feeding unit is the second feeding unit.
- the first power feeding unit is provided at a center portion in the first direction on the substrate in an end portion in the second direction, and the second power feeding unit is provided on the substrate. It is more preferable to be provided at the end portions in the first and second directions.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor when the antenna element is fed is as follows. First, the case where the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element will be described. At this time, when the first power feeding unit is located near the center of the electrical length in the first direction of the substrate, the high-frequency currents in the first direction are opposite to each other from the power feeding unit in the first direction. Since the phase current flows, it cancels out and weakens. On the other hand, when the first power feeding unit is located near the end of the substrate in the second direction, the high-frequency current in the second direction is excited toward the other end in the second direction. There is almost no cancellation. As described above, by generating a negative phase current in the first direction and suppressing the negative phase current in the second direction, the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through the ground conductor is the second direction. Can do.
- the first and second power feeding parts are located near the ends of the substrate in the first and second directions. High-frequency currents are excited in the directions 2 and almost cancel each other. By the way, the substrate and the antenna element are combined to work as a dipole antenna. Therefore, the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element and the first electrical length is half the wavelength of the frequency band used by the antenna element, rather than the sum of the electrical length of the antenna element and the second electrical length.
- the high-frequency current flowing in the first direction is larger than the high-frequency current flowing in the second direction. In this way, by suppressing the reverse-phase current in the first and second directions, the current flowing in the first direction of the ground conductor becomes stronger than the current flowing in the second direction, and the ground conductor The main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through is the first direction.
- the ground conductor is used when the first feeding unit feeds the antenna element and when the second feeding unit feeds the antenna element.
- the main direction of the high-frequency current flowing through can be successfully varied.
- the antenna device includes a first matching circuit connected to a first power feeding unit and a second matching circuit connected to a second power feeding unit as matching circuits for matching impedance of the antenna element.
- a first matching circuit connected to a first power feeding unit and a second matching circuit connected to a second power feeding unit as matching circuits for matching impedance of the antenna element.
- the impedance of the antenna element is matched by the first matching circuit.
- the impedance of the antenna element is matched by the second matching circuit.
- the ground Since the electric length of the dipole antenna composed of the conductor and the element looks different, the impedance is also different, and it is preferable to use a separate matching circuit as a matching circuit for matching the impedance of the antenna element.
- the switching unit is a first switching element that switches conduction or non-conduction between the first feeding unit and the first matching circuit between the first feeding unit and the first matching circuit. It is preferable that a second switching element that switches between conduction and non-conduction between the second power feeding unit and the second matching circuit is provided between the second power feeding unit and the second matching circuit. .
- the antenna element can be connected to the matching circuit via the power feeding unit not used. An unintended current can be avoided and transmission / reception using the antenna element can be suitably performed.
- the antenna device may further include an antenna ground conductor switching unit that connects the antenna element and the ground conductor and switches between conduction and non-conduction between the antenna element and the ground conductor.
- the antenna element can be conducted to the ground conductor as necessary. Accordingly, the antenna element can be successfully operated as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna.
- an antenna ground conductor switching unit is provided near one side of an arbitrary power feeding unit, and when the power feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the antenna element and the ground conductor are electrically connected in the antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the antenna element can be operated as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna.
- the other power feeding unit feeds the antenna element, the other power feeding unit feeds the antenna element by making the antenna element and the ground conductor non-conductive at the antenna ground conductor switching unit.
- the operation of the antenna element is not hindered.
- the antenna characteristics can be improved by operating the antenna element as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna.
- the vicinity of both sides of the antenna element and the ground conductor may be connected via separate antenna ground conductor switching sections.
- the antenna element is inverted F regardless of which power is fed from any power feeding section. It can be operated as an antenna or a modified inverted F antenna.
- the antenna device may further include an antenna ground conductor matching circuit for matching impedance between the antenna element and the ground conductor between the antenna ground conductor switching unit and the ground conductor. Good.
- the antenna element can be suitably operated as an inverted F antenna or a modified inverted F antenna.
- the present invention can be used in the general manufacturing field of devices that perform wireless communication, such as mobile phone terminals, portable wireless terminals such as PDAs, or equipped wireless communication devices.
- wireless communication such as mobile phone terminals, portable wireless terminals such as PDAs, or equipped wireless communication devices.
- Antenna device 100 200,..., 900 Substrate 110, 210,. 120, 220,..., 920 Antenna elements 130, 230,..., 930 First power feeding units 131, 231,..., 931 Second switch unit (switching unit, first switching element) 132, 232,...
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態(第1の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置1の構成を模式的に示す図であり、図2は、アンテナ装置1に流れる高周波電流を模式的に示す図である。両図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図3は、本発明の一実施形態(第2の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置2の構成を模式的に示す図であり、図4は、アンテナ装置2に流れる高周波電流を模式的に示す図である。両図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図5は、本発明の一実施形態(第3の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置3の構成を模式的に示す図である。同図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図6は、本発明の一実施形態(第4の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置4の構成を模式的に示す図である。同図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図7は、本発明の一実施形態(第5の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置5の構成を模式的に示す図であり、図8は、アンテナ装置5に流れる高周波電流を模式的に示す図である。両図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図9は、本発明の一実施形態(第6の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置6の構成を模式的に示す図である。同図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図10は、本発明の一実施形態(第7の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置7の構成を模式的に示す図である。同図において、(a)および(b)はそれぞれ異なる給電部からアンテナエレメントを給電するときの様子を示す。
図11は、本発明の一実施形態(第8の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置8の構成を模式的に示す図である。
図15は、本発明の一実施形態(第9の実施形態)に係るアンテナ装置9の構成を模式的に示す図である。また、図16~図18は、アンテナ装置9の構成を部分的に示す図である。
以上のように、本発明に係るアンテナ装置は、アンテナエレメントと、地導体が形成されている基板と、該基板上に設けられており、該アンテナエレメントに給電する第1および第2の給電部と、第1および第2の給電部の何れが該アンテナエレメントに給電するかを切り替える切り替え部と、を備え、第1の給電部が該アンテナエレメントに給電しているときと、第2の給電部が該アンテナエレメントに給電しているときとでは、該地導体を流れる高周波電流の主方向が異なることを特徴としている。
100、200、・・・、900 基板
110、210、・・・、910 送受信回路
111、211、・・・、911 第1のスイッチ部(切り替え部)
120、220、・・・、920 アンテナエレメント
130、230、・・・、930 第1の給電部
131、231、・・・、931 第2のスイッチ部(切り替え部、第1の切り替え要素)
132、232、・・・、932 第1の整合回路
140、240、・・・、940 第2の給電部
141、241、・・・、941 第3のスイッチ部(切り替え部、第2の切り替え要素)
142、242、・・・、942 第2の整合回路
251、351、551、751 第4のスイッチ部(アンテナ地導体間切り替え部)
252、352、552、752 第3の整合回路(アンテナ地導体間整合回路)
261、461、561、661 第5のスイッチ部(アンテナ地導体間切り替え部)
262、462、562、662 第4の整合回路(アンテナ地導体間整合回路)
133~136、143~145、
233~239、243~247、
533~539、543~547 高周波電流
Claims (10)
- アンテナエレメントと、
地導体が形成されている基板と、
該基板上に設けられており、該アンテナエレメントに給電する第1および第2の給電部と、
第1および第2の給電部の何れが該アンテナエレメントに給電するかを切り替える切り替え部と、を備え、
第1の給電部が該アンテナエレメントに給電しているときと、第2の給電部が該アンテナエレメントに給電しているときとでは、該地導体を流れる高周波電流の主方向が異なることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。 - 第2の給電部が上記アンテナエレメントに給電しているとき、上記地導体を流れる高周波電流の主方向は第1の方向となり、
第1の給電部が上記アンテナエレメントに給電しているとき、上記地導体を流れる高周波電流の主方向は第1の方向と直交する第2の方向となり、
第1の給電部を通り上記地導体を第1の方向に横断する第1の経路の電気長の中心と、第1の給電部との間の電気長の方が、第2の給電部を通り上記地導体を第1の方向に横断する第2の経路の電気長の中心と第2の給電部との間の電気長よりも短くなるように、第1および第2の給電部が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 第1の給電部を通り上記地導体を第2の方向に横断する第3の経路において第1の給電部を挟む両側の電気長の差分と、上記アンテナエレメントの電気長との和の方が、第2の給電部を通り上記地導体を第2の方向に横断する第4の経路において第2の給電部を挟む両側の電気長の差分と、上記アンテナエレメントの電気長との和よりも、上記アンテナエレメントの使用周波数帯の半波長に近くなるように、第1および第2の給電部が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のアンテナ装置。
- 第2の経路において第2の給電部を挟む両側の電気長の差分と、上記アンテナエレメントの電気長との和の方が、第4の経路において第2の給電部を挟む両側の電気長の差分と、上記アンテナエレメントの電気長との和よりも、上記アンテナエレメントの使用周波数帯の半波長に近くなるように、第2の給電部が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記基板の基板面は、第1の方向、および第1の方向と直交する第2の方向によって規定され、
上記地導体は、第1の方向に第1の電気長を有し、第2の方向に第2の電気長を有しており、
上記アンテナエレメントの電気長と第1の電気長との和の方が、上記アンテナエレメントの電気長と第2の電気長との和よりも、上記アンテナエレメントの使用周波数帯の半波長に近く、
第1の給電部は、第1の給電部が上記アンテナエレメントに給電しているとき、上記地導体の第1の方向に逆相電流が生じ、上記アンテナエレメントおよび地導体によって構成されるダイポールアンテナの主偏波が第2の方向になるような位置に設けられており、
第2の給電部は、第2の給電部が上記アンテナエレメントに給電しているとき、上記地導体の第1の方向に流れる電流の方が、第2の方向に流れる電流よりも強くなり、上記ダイポールアンテナの主偏波が第1の方向になるような位置に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 第1の給電部は、上記基板上の、第1の方向における中央部であって、第2の方向における端部に設けられており、
第2の給電部は、上記基板上の、第1および第2の方向における端部に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項2~5の何れか1項に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 上記アンテナエレメントのインピーダンスの整合をとるための整合回路として、第1の給電部につながっている第1の整合回路と、第2の給電部につながっている第2の整合回路とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記切り替え部は、第1の給電部と第1の整合回路との間に、第1の給電部と第1の整合回路との導通または非導通を切り替える第1の切り替え要素を備え、第2の給電部と第2の整合回路との間に、第2の給電部と第2の整合回路との導通または非導通を切り替える第2の切り替え要素を備えていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アンテナエレメントと上記地導体とをつなぎ、上記アンテナエレメントと上記地導体との導通または非導通を切り替えるアンテナ地導体間切り替え部をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アンテナ地導体間切り替え部と上記地導体との間に、上記アンテナエレメントと上記地導体との間でインピーダンスを整合させるためのアンテナ地導体間整合回路をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のアンテナ装置。
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JP2004140815A (ja) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-05-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 無線端末装置用アンテナおよび無線端末装置 |
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JP2003338783A (ja) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-11-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アンテナ装置 |
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JP2004140815A (ja) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-05-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 無線端末装置用アンテナおよび無線端末装置 |
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