WO2012029606A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012029606A1 WO2012029606A1 PCT/JP2011/069057 JP2011069057W WO2012029606A1 WO 2012029606 A1 WO2012029606 A1 WO 2012029606A1 JP 2011069057 W JP2011069057 W JP 2011069057W WO 2012029606 A1 WO2012029606 A1 WO 2012029606A1
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- hydraulic
- electric
- exhaust gas
- temperature
- engine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W20/16—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2066—Control of propulsion units of the type combustion engines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2095—Control of electric, electro-mechanical or mechanical equipment not otherwise provided for, e.g. ventilators, electro-driven fans
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
- E02F9/2235—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0694—Engine exhaust temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
- B60W2710/1077—Change speed gearings fluid pressure, e.g. oil pressure
- B60W2710/1088—Change speed gearings fluid pressure, e.g. oil pressure pressure of working fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
- B60Y2300/47—Engine emissions
- B60Y2300/476—Regeneration of particle filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D2041/026—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work machine such as a hydraulic excavator having an exhaust gas purification device.
- a recent working machine such as a hydraulic excavator generally includes an engine, a variable displacement hydraulic pump that is driven by transmission of power of the engine, a hydraulic actuator that is driven by hydraulic oil discharged from the variable displacement hydraulic pump, Between the variable displacement hydraulic pump and the hydraulic actuator, either the state of supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator or the non-supply state of returning hydraulic oil to the hydraulic oil tank without supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator
- a control valve for controlling the actuator and an exhaust gas purification device for collecting particulate matter in the exhaust gas generated by incomplete combustion in the engine by a filter.
- the exhaust gas purification device is provided in an exhaust pipe that guides engine exhaust gas to the outside of the hydraulic excavator. Particulate matter collected by the filter of the exhaust gas purification device is removed from the filter by being burned by the heat of the exhaust gas.
- the engine output is set to the minimum discharge pressure and the minimum discharge amount necessary for cooling and lubrication of the hydraulic circuit in consideration of energy saving.
- the pressure oil is reduced to a size necessary for discharging the variable displacement hydraulic pump.
- the conventional hydraulic working machine disclosed in Patent Document 1 increases the discharge pressure and the discharge amount of the variable displacement hydraulic pump when the filter clogging is detected.
- the load acting on the engine is increased, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is raised to the temperature necessary for the particulate matter to burn.
- the means for increasing the discharge pressure of the variable displacement hydraulic pump is a switching valve capable of opening and closing a conduit that guides the discharge oil of the variable displacement hydraulic pump from the variable displacement hydraulic pump to the hydraulic oil tank. In this non-supply state, the discharge pressure is increased by controlling the switching valve.
- Patent Document 2 has proposed a construction machine that uses an electric motor and a power storage device (battery, electric double layer capacitor, etc.) to improve energy efficiency and save energy compared to a conventional hydraulic working machine. Yes.
- a generator is connected to the engine, electric energy generated by the generator during low-load operation is stored in a battery, and the electric energy is extracted during high-load operation. It is trying to reduce.
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to increase the temperature of exhaust gas by applying a hydraulic load to the engine and to burn particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device.
- a load is applied by hydraulic pressure
- problems such as an increase in leakage due to an increase in hydraulic circuit pressure during non-operation, an unexpected operation of the hydraulic actuator, and an increase in hydraulic circuit temperature due to the hydraulic energy being squeezed out. there were.
- Patent Document 2 in a construction machine in which a generator is connected to an engine, the engine is generated by generating power with a generator instead of providing an engine load applying means by hydraulic pressure as in the prior art. It is possible to constitute a load applying means. In this case, the particulate matter of the exhaust gas purification device can be burned without changing the configuration of realizing charging for reducing fuel consumption by adding a generator. Therefore, it is not necessary to add parts. Further, when the load is applied by the generator, the problems such as an increase in leakage and a rise in the temperature of the hydraulic circuit, which were the problems of the load application due to the hydraulic pressure described above, do not occur. In addition, since the generator is driven by a normal torque command, it is possible to suppress variations and fluctuations in the load applied to the engine as compared with a hydraulic load, and more accurate load application is possible.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a work machine capable of burning particulate matter collected by a filter of an exhaust gas purification device.
- the present invention relates to an engine, a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine, an electric assist motor for assisting and driving the engine, and exhaust gas generated by the engine.
- An exhaust gas purification device that collects particulate matter in the filter by a filter, and is interposed between the variable displacement hydraulic pump and the hydraulic actuator, and supplies hydraulic oil from the variable displacement hydraulic pump to the hydraulic actuator.
- a control valve for actuator control that can be switched between a supply state to be supplied and a non-supply state in which hydraulic oil is not returned to the hydraulic oil tank without being supplied to the hydraulic actuator, and an electric storage device connected to the electric assist motor; And applying a load to the engine so that the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes a temperature necessary for the combustion of the particulate matter.
- An electric load applying means for applying a load to the engine by causing the electric assist motor to perform a power generation operation to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas
- the variable capacity type A hydraulic load applying means for applying a load to the engine by increasing a discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump and increasing a temperature of the exhaust gas, and selectively operating the electric load applying means and the hydraulic load applying means; And a selection control means for performing the control process.
- the load applying means for applying a load to the engine applies an electric load to the engine by causing the electric assist motor to perform a power generation operation, and increases the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the electric system including the electric assist motor and the electric storage device is operating normally because it comprises hydraulic load applying means for applying a load to the engine by raising the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump and raising the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the selection control means may be selected so as to perform control processing for operating the electric load applying means, for example. Thereby, the particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device can be burned with high accuracy.
- the selection control means A control process for operating the hanging means may be selected.
- the particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device can be burned. That is to say, an apparatus having an electric load applying means for burning particulate matter collected by the filter of the exhaust gas purifying device even at the time of failure of the electric system including the electric assist motor and the electric storage device. Can do.
- the selection control unit includes an abnormality monitoring unit that monitors an abnormality of the electric system including the electric assist motor and the power storage device, and when the abnormality is monitored by the abnormality monitoring unit, Control processing for operating the hydraulic load applying means is performed.
- the present invention is the above invention, wherein the selection control means includes power storage status monitoring means for monitoring a power storage status of the power storage device, and the hydraulic load application according to the power storage status monitored by the power storage status monitoring means.
- the present invention is the above invention, wherein when the engine load is applied, the selection control means, when the remaining charge of the electricity storage device monitored by the electricity storage status monitoring means is lower than a preset lower limit threshold, Control processing for operating only the hydraulic load application means is performed, and when the remaining amount of power storage of the power storage device is higher than a preset upper limit threshold, control processing for operating only the electric load application means is performed, and When the remaining amount is between the upper limit threshold and the lower limit threshold, a control process for operating both the hydraulic load applying means and the electric load applying means is performed.
- the present invention is the above-mentioned invention, wherein the selection control means operates the hydraulic load application means and the electric load application means in the control process for operating both the hydraulic load application means and the electric load application means. Is controlled according to the stored voltage of the power storage device.
- the present invention is the above invention, wherein the selection control means, in the control process for operating both the hydraulic load application means and the electric load application means, the storage voltage of the storage device is near the lower limit threshold. Is characterized in that the ratio of operating the electric load applying means is increased, and control processing for increasing the ratio of operating the hydraulic load applying means is performed near the upper limit threshold.
- the temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the temperature of the exhaust gas detected by the temperature detection means are at least a minimum for combustion of the particulate matter set in advance.
- the load applying means for applying a load to the engine so that the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes a temperature necessary for the combustion of the particulate matter applies a load to the engine by causing the electric assist motor connected to the engine to perform a power generation operation.
- FIG. 2 is an electric / hydraulic circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of a hydraulic drive device provided in the hydraulic excavator shown in FIG. 1. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electric system with which the hydraulic drive apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is equipped. It is a block diagram which shows the hydraulic control system containing the main controller with which 1st Embodiment is equipped. It is a flowchart which shows the control processing procedure in the main controller with which 1st Embodiment is equipped. It is a flowchart which shows the control processing procedure in the main controller with which 1st Embodiment is provided at the time of engine load application, and the controller of an electric system.
- FIG. 5 is an electric / hydraulic circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the hydraulic drive apparatus according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the hydraulic control system containing the main controller with which 2nd Embodiment is equipped. It is a figure which shows the structure which adjusts the action
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a hydraulic excavator cited as an example of a work machine according to the present invention.
- the hydraulic excavator is attached to a traveling body 30, a revolving body 31 disposed on the traveling body 30, and the revolving body 31 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction.
- the working device 32 includes a boom 33 attached to the swing body 31 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, a boom cylinder 33a for operating the boom 33, and an arm 34 attached to the tip of the boom 33 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction.
- the arm 34 includes an arm cylinder 34 a that operates the arm 34, a bucket 35 that is rotatably attached to the tip of the arm 34, and a bucket cylinder 35 a that operates the bucket 35.
- FIG. 2 is an electric / hydraulic circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of a hydraulic drive device provided in the hydraulic excavator shown in FIG.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 provided in the hydraulic excavator includes an engine 2 (for example, a diesel engine) whose fuel injection amount is electronically controlled by an engine controller 3 and the power of the engine 2.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 and the pilot pump 5 (fixed displacement hydraulic pump) that are driven by being transmitted, and the hydraulic actuator 6 that is driven by the hydraulic oil discharged from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 are provided.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the hydraulic cylinders such as the boom cylinder 33a and the arm cylinder 35a described above as an example of the hydraulic actuator 6, but the hydraulic actuator 6 is not limited to the hydraulic cylinder.
- the hydraulic actuator 6 may be a traveling motor that causes the traveling body 30 to travel, or may be a turning motor that turns the turning body 31.
- a supply state in which the hydraulic oil from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is supplied to the hydraulic actuator 6, and the hydraulic oil is not supplied to the hydraulic actuator 6 and is operated.
- An actuator control valve 7 that can be switched to any one of the non-supply states returned to the oil tank 8 is interposed.
- This actuator control valve 7 is a three-position valve. At the neutral position S among these three valve positions, the actuator control valve 7 is in the non-supply state shown in FIG. 2 and guides the hydraulic oil from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 to the hydraulic oil tank 8. . At each of the left and right valve positions L and R of the neutral position S, the actuator control valve 7 is in the supply state described above.
- Actuator control valve 7 is a hydraulic pilot type valve.
- the pilot pressure applied to the actuator control control valve 7 is generated by using the operation device 9 including the pilot valve as the primary pressure of the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 5.
- the actuator control valve 7 is switched from the neutral position S to the valve position L by applying the pilot pressure generated by the operating device 9 to the first pressure receiving portion 7a via the first pilot line 10, and conversely
- the pilot pressure generated by the operating device 9 is applied from the neutral position S to the valve position R by being applied to the second pressure receiving portion 7b via the second pilot line 11.
- the first and second pilot lines 10 and 11 are connected to a high pressure selection valve 12.
- the pressure on the high pressure side selected by the high pressure selection valve 12 is detected by the pilot pressure sensor 13.
- the pilot pressure sensor 13 converts the detected pressure Pp into a pilot pressure signal (electric signal), and this pilot pressure signal is input to the controller 14.
- the engine 2 is provided with an exhaust pipe 15 that guides exhaust gas to the outside of the hydraulic excavator.
- an exhaust gas purification device 16 that collects particulate matter in the exhaust gas generated by combustion in the engine 2 with a filter is provided.
- the exhaust pipe 15 is provided with a differential pressure sensor 17 for detecting a differential pressure between the exhaust gas pressure upstream of the exhaust gas purification device 16 and the exhaust gas pressure downstream.
- a differential pressure sensor 17 for detecting a differential pressure between the exhaust gas pressure upstream of the exhaust gas purification device 16 and the exhaust gas pressure downstream.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 has a displacement displacement mechanism 4a that makes the displacement volume variable, and a hydraulic pilot regulator 4b that controls the displacement displacement mechanism 4a.
- the pilot pressure applied to the regulator 4b is generated by the displacement volume control valve 18.
- This displacement displacement control valve 18 uses the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 5 as a primary pressure to generate the pilot pressure.
- the displacement displacement control valve 18 is an electromagnetic valve, and changes the pilot pressure applied to the regulator 4b in accordance with the displacement displacement control signal (current) from the controller 14.
- a variable throttle 19 serving as a discharge pressure control means capable of increasing the discharge pressure is provided on the upstream side of the flow of pressure oil discharged from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 with respect to the actuator control control valve 7.
- the variable throttle 19 is a spring return type two-position valve capable of moving the valve body in the direction of the closed position with the open position as the initial position.
- the variable throttle 19 is a hydraulic pilot type valve.
- the pilot pressure applied to the variable throttle 19 is generated by the discharge pressure control valve 20.
- the discharge pressure control valve 20 generates the pilot pressure using the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 5 as a primary pressure.
- the discharge pressure control valve 20 is an electromagnetic valve, and changes the pilot pressure applied to the variable throttle 19 in accordance with a discharge pressure control signal (current) from the controller 14.
- the discharge pressure control valve 20 and the controller 14 constitute a control means for the variable throttle 19.
- the electric assist motor 23 is connected to the engine drive shaft, and assists the engine 2 and generates electric power by an electric system 50 including a control means and a power storage device.
- the electric assist motor 23 is normally controlled in consideration of fuel saving of the engine 2. For example, in order to reduce engine load fluctuations, power generation is performed at a low engine load, and drive assist is performed at a high engine load.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the electric system provided in the hydraulic drive apparatus shown in FIG.
- DC power from the capacitor 24 is boosted to a predetermined bus voltage by a chopper 51 provided in the power control unit 55 and input to an inverter 53 for driving the electric assist motor 23.
- the smoothing capacitor 54 is provided to stabilize the bus voltage.
- the capacitor 24 is charged and discharged depending on the driving state of the electric assist motor 23 (whether the engine is assisting or generating power).
- the controller 80 that controls the electric assist motor 23 and the capacitor 24 instructs the power control unit 55 to perform each control.
- the controller 80 connected to the main controller 14 includes abnormality monitoring means 81 for monitoring errors and failures of the electric system 50 including the electric assist motor 23, the capacitor 24, and the power control unit 55, and the electric storage device, that is, the electric storage status of the capacitor 24.
- the power storage status monitoring means 82 for monitoring and the electric assist motor control means 83 for controlling drive assist / power generation of the electric assist motor 23 are provided.
- the power control unit 55 controls the electric assist motor 23 so that the commanded torque is obtained. To do.
- the electric assist motor control means 83 When it is detected that an abnormality has occurred in the electric system such as the power control unit 55, the electric assist motor 23, the capacitor 24, etc. via the abnormality monitoring means 81, or the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor 24 is determined via the electricity storage status monitoring means 82. When it is detected that the electric power is outside the predetermined range, the electric assist motor control means 83 performs a control process for stopping the power generation or driving of the electric assist motor 23.
- Electric load applying means for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas of the engine 2 is configured.
- variable throttle 19, the discharge pressure control valve 20, and the pilot pump 5 increase the discharge pressure of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 to load the engine 2 and increase the temperature of the exhaust gas of the engine 2.
- the hydraulic load applying means is configured.
- the electric load applying means and the hydraulic load applying means described above are selected by the main controller 14 and the controller 80 of the electric system 50 including the abnormality monitoring means 81, the storage state monitoring means 82, and the electric assist motor control means 83.
- the selection control means for performing the control process to be activated automatically is configured.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a hydraulic control system including a main controller provided in the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control processing procedure in the main controller provided in the first embodiment.
- the controller 14 has a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, and is set as follows by a computer program.
- the main controller 14 is set to function as a pilot pressure determination means.
- This pilot pressure determination means determines whether or not the detected pressure Pp indicated by the pilot pressure signal from the pilot pressure sensor 13 is lower than the set pressure Pps for operating the actuator control control valve 7, that is, the actuator control control valve 7 It is determined whether the state is a supply state in which hydraulic oil from the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is supplied to the hydraulic actuator 6 or a non-supply state in which supply is not performed.
- the supply state is a working state of the hydraulic excavator, and the non-supply state is a non-working state of the hydraulic excavator. That is, the working state and the non-working state of the hydraulic excavator are detected by the high pressure selection valve 12, the pilot pressure sensor 13, and the main controller 14.
- the main controller 14 is also set to function as a differential pressure determination means.
- This differential pressure determination means determines whether or not the detected differential pressure ⁇ Pe indicated by the differential pressure signal from the differential pressure sensor 17 is greater than or equal to a preset reference differential pressure ⁇ Pes.
- the detected differential pressure ⁇ Pe increases as the exhaust gas flow path resistance increases as the filter of the exhaust gas purification device 16 becomes clogged. That is, the differential pressure sensor 17 and the main controller 14 detect clogging of the filter of the exhaust gas purification device 16.
- the main controller 14 is also set to function as an engine speed command means.
- This engine speed command means gives a first target speed signal R1 set in advance to the engine controller 3.
- the first target rotational speed signal R1 has a size required for the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 to discharge the minimum discharge pressure and the minimum discharge amount of pressure oil necessary for cooling and lubrication of the hydraulic circuit in consideration of energy saving. It is set to reduce the engine speed.
- the engine speed command means performs control to switch the target speed signal given to the engine controller 3 from the first target speed signal R1 to the second target speed signal R2.
- This second target rotational speed is larger than the first target rotational speed described above.
- the main controller 14 is also set to function as a control valve control means for displacement displacement control.
- This displacement displacement control valve control means provides the displacement displacement control valve 18 with a first displacement volume control signal DS1 corresponding to a preset first displacement volume.
- the control valve for displacement displacement control 18 applies a pilot pressure to the regulator 4b in response to the first displacement displacement control signal DS1, the regulator 4b operates the displacement displacement mechanism unit 4a to reduce the displacement volume of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is driven by the engine 2 operating at the first target rotational speed in the state where the first displacement volume is set, the above-mentioned minimum discharge amount of pressure oil is discharged.
- the displacement valve control means for displacement displacement control sends the displacement displacement control signal given to the displacement displacement control valve 18 from the first displacement displacement control signal DS1 to the second displacement displacement control signal DS2 set in advance. Perform switching control.
- the control valve for displacement displacement control 18 applies a pilot pressure to the regulator 4b in response to the second displacement displacement control signal DS2, the regulator 4b operates the displacement displacement mechanism 4a to reduce the displacement volume of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4. Set to 2nd displacement.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is driven by the engine 2 operating at the second target rotational speed in a state where the second displacement volume is set, the hydraulic fluid having a discharge amount larger than the minimum discharge amount is discharged. Discharge.
- the main controller 14 is also set to function as a discharge valve control valve control means.
- the discharge pressure control valve control means supplies a discharge pressure control signal DP having a preset current value to the discharge pressure control valve 20.
- the discharge pressure control valve 20 applies a pilot pressure to the variable throttle 19 in response to the discharge pressure control signal DP, the valve position of the variable throttle 19 moves from the open position to the closed position, thereby increasing the discharge pressure. To do.
- the relationship between the second target speed, the second displacement volume, and the reference discharge pressure Pds is necessary for the particulate matter to burn the exhaust gas temperature by increasing the load (engine load) applied to the engine 2. It is set to be a minimum size for raising the temperature to a certain temperature. That is, the reference discharge pressure Pds is such that the engine load based on the second target rotational speed and the second displacement volume has a minimum height for raising the exhaust gas temperature to a temperature necessary for the combustion of the particulate matter. Is set to
- main controller 14 is set to execute the processing as each means in the flow shown in FIG. The process flow will be described.
- the main controller 14 first functions as a pilot pressure determination means, and determines whether or not the detected pressure Pp indicated by the pilot pressure signal from the pilot pressure sensor 13 is less than the set pressure Pps (step S1). The main controller 14 repeats this step S1 unless the detected pressure Pp becomes lower than the set pressure Pps, that is, unless a non-working state of the hydraulic excavator is detected (NO in step S1).
- step S2 When the non-working state of the hydraulic excavator is detected (YES in step S1), the controller 14 functions as a differential pressure determination means, and the detected differential pressure ⁇ Pe indicated by the differential pressure signal from the differential pressure sensor 17 is greater than or equal to the reference differential pressure ⁇ Pes. (Procedure S2).
- the main controller 14 When it is determined that the detected differential pressure ⁇ Pe is not equal to or higher than the reference differential pressure ⁇ Pes, that is, when clogging of the filter of the exhaust gas purifying device 16 is not detected (NO in step S2), the main controller 14 includes an engine speed command means, and It functions as a control valve control means for displacement displacement control, and provides a first target rotational speed signal R1 to the engine controller 3 and a first displacement displacement control signal DS1 to the displacement displacement control valve 18. At this time, the valve position of the actuator control control valve 7 is the neutral position S, and the valve position of the variable throttle 19 is the open position.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 has the minimum discharge pressure and the minimum discharge amount necessary for cooling and lubrication of the hydraulic circuit. It becomes the state which discharges the pressure oil.
- the main controller 14 performs the process from step S1 again, and repeats “procedure S1 ⁇ procedure S2 ⁇ procedure S3 ⁇ procedure S1” when the non-working state of the excavator is detected and clogging is not detected.
- the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is maintained in a state of discharging the minimum discharge pressure and the minimum discharge amount of pressure oil necessary for cooling and lubrication of the hydraulic circuit.
- the main controller 14 When the clogging of the filter of the exhaust gas purification device 16 is detected (YES in step S2), the main controller 14 functions as an engine speed command means. That is, the target engine speed signal given to the engine controller 3 is switched from the first target engine speed signal R1 to the second target engine speed signal R2, and the engine engine speed is increased to the second target engine speed (step S4).
- the main controller 14 also functions as a control valve control means for the displacement displacement control, and the displacement displacement control signal to be given to the displacement displacement control valve 18 is controlled from the first displacement displacement control signal DS1 to the second displacement displacement control.
- the displacement volume of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 is increased to the second displacement volume (step S4).
- the main controller 14 also functions as a discharge pressure control valve control means, and supplies a discharge pressure control signal DP to the discharge pressure control valve 20 (step S4).
- the discharge pressure control valve 20 applies a pilot pressure corresponding to the discharge pressure control signal DP to the variable throttle 19, the valve position of the variable throttle 19 moves from the open position to the closed position, thereby increasing the discharge pressure. To do.
- the hydraulic drive device 1 provided in the present embodiment increases the discharge amount by increasing the engine speed and pushing away volume when increasing the engine output in order to burn particulate matter.
- the discharge amount may be increased only by increasing the engine speed.
- the discharge amount control valve 20 and the main controller 14 constitute the control means of the hydraulic pilot type variable throttle 19, but the hydraulic pilot type variable throttle 19
- an electromagnetic pilot type variable throttle is provided, that is, the discharge pressure control means comprises an electromagnetic pilot type variable throttle, and only the main controller 14 has the variable throttle. It may be a control means.
- the variable throttle is a hydraulic pilot type
- the power of the variable throttle can be obtained more easily than in the case of the electromagnetic pilot type.
- the variable throttle is an electromagnetic pilot type
- the main controller 14 When load application is started by the main controller 14, the main controller 14 outputs an electric load application start command to the controller 80 of the electric system 50 as shown in FIG.
- the controller 80 When the electric load application start command is input, the controller 80 outputs the electric load application torque T as a torque command to the power control unit 55, and the power control unit 55 causes the electric assist motor 23 to perform a power generation operation with the command torque.
- the electric load application torque T is an electric assist motor torque necessary for setting the engine load at an exhaust gas temperature necessary for burning the particulate matter, and is set in advance.
- the electric assist motor 23 is driven by a torque command, so that variations and fluctuations in the load applied to the engine 2 can be suppressed and more accurate than the load by hydraulic pressure. High load can be applied.
- the load applied to the engine 2 is determined by the power generation torque and the rotational speed of the electric assist motor 23, the load may be applied to the engine 2 by changing not only the power generation torque but also the engine rotational speed.
- the hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment has a configuration capable of performing both the control process for operating the hydraulic load applying means and the control process for operating the electric load applying means. Further, the control process for operating the hydraulic load applying means and the control process for operating the electric load applying means are configured to be established independently of each other. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a control process for operating only the hydraulic load applying means, a control process for operating only the electric load applying means, and a control process for operating both the hydraulic load applying means and the electric load applying means (both loads) Can be selectively used.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control processing procedure in the main controller and the controller of the electric system provided in the first embodiment when the engine is loaded.
- the electric load application and the hydraulic load application selection procedure in the hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the above-described hydraulic load applying means is used for the load starting condition for applying a load to the engine 2 and the determination means. This is the same as that described in the control processing stage for operating (step S11).
- step S12 When loading is started by the main controller 14, it is first determined whether or not the state of the electric system 50 is normal via the abnormality monitoring means 81 of the controller 80 of the electric system 50 (step S12). When it is determined that the electric system 50 is abnormal, a control process for operating the aforementioned hydraulic load applying means is executed.
- step S13 it is determined whether the capacitor voltage is equal to or lower than the preset lower limit threshold VL via the storage status monitoring means 82 of the controller 80 (step S13).
- a control process for operating only the electric load applying means described above is executed.
- step S14 When it is determined that the capacitor voltage is larger than the lower limit threshold VL, it is determined whether the capacitor voltage is equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold VH (step S14). When it is determined that the value is equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold value VH, a control process for operating only the hydraulic load applying means described above is executed.
- the main controller 14 and the controller 80 included in the electric system 50 are shown as separate controllers. However, these controllers are configured by one controller having the functions of the two controllers described above. May be.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship of each load with respect to the capacitor voltage when operating both the electric load applying means and the hydraulic load applying means provided in the first embodiment.
- control process for operating the hydraulic load application means and the control process for operating the electric load application means are configured to be established independently of each other.
- the sum of the hydraulic load applied in the control process for operating the electric load and the electric load applied in the control process for operating the electric load applying means is the load of the engine 2 that makes the temperature of the exhaust gas that burns particulate matter. Set.
- the ratio of the hydraulic load and the electric load occupying the load of the engine 2 necessary for loading is changed by the capacitor voltage.
- the capacitor voltage is near the lower limit threshold VL
- the ratio of the electric load is increased
- the capacitor voltage is near the upper limit threshold VH
- the ratio of the hydraulic load is increased.
- the capacitor 24 is charged by the electric load application alone, and at the moment when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold value. Then, the electric load application by the electric assist motor 23 is stopped, the variable throttle 19 for increasing the pump discharge pressure is closed, and the operation is switched to the hydraulic load application. At this time, there is a concern that a sudden load fluctuation occurs in the engine 2 due to a difference in response between electric / hydraulic switching and a shock occurs.
- the load applying means for applying a load to the engine 2 applies the load to the engine 2 by causing the electric assist motor 23 to perform a power generation operation, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is increased. Since it comprises hydraulic load application means for applying a load to the engine 2 by increasing the discharge pressure of the variable displacement hydraulic pump 4 and increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas, the electric assist motor 23 and the capacitor 24 as an electric storage device are provided.
- the control process for operating the electric load applying means is selected by the selection control means. Thereby, the particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device 16 can be burned with high accuracy.
- the selection control means A control process for operating the hydraulic load applying means may be selected.
- energy loss or the like occurs more than the electric load applying means, but the particulate matter accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device 16 can be burned.
- the particulate matter collected by the filter of the exhaust gas purifying device 16 is provided with an electric load applying means, even when the electric system 50 including the electric assist motor 23 and the capacitor 24 is out of order. Can be burned.
- the function of removing the particulate matter in the exhaust gas accumulated in the exhaust gas purification device 16 can be improved, and a hydraulic excavator excellent in the exhaust gas purification accuracy of the engine 2 can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明に係る作業機械の一例として挙げた油圧ショベルを示す側面図である。この油圧ショベルは、図1に示すように、走行体30と、この走行体30上に配置される旋回体31と、この旋回体31に上下方向の回動可能に取り付けられ、土砂の掘削作業等を実施する作業装置32とを備えている。作業装置32は、旋回体31に上下方向の回動可能に取り付けられるブーム33と、このブーム33を作動させるブームシリンダ33aと、ブーム33の先端に上下方向の回動可能に取り付けられるアーム34と、このアーム34を作動させるアームシリンダ34aと、アーム34の先端に上下方向の回動可能に取り付けられるバケット35と、このバケット35を作動させるバケットシリンダ35aとを含んでいる。
図2は図1に示す油圧ショベルに備えられる油圧駆動装置の第1実施形態を示す電気・油圧回路図である。
図3は図2に示す油圧駆動装置に備えられる電動システムの構成を示すブロック図である。
図4は第1実施形態に備えられるメインコントローラを含む油圧制御システムを示すブロック図、図5は第1実施形態に備えられるメインコントローラにおける制御処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
排気ガス浄化装置16に蓄積された粒子状物質を燃焼させるために、エンジン2に負荷を掛ける負荷掛け開始条件や、その判定手段については、前述の油圧負荷掛け手段の制御処理と同じである。
本実施形態に係る油圧ショベルは、前述の油圧負荷掛け手段を作動させる制御処理と、前述の電動負荷掛け手段を作動させる制御処理の双方を行うことが可能な構成となっている。また、油圧負荷掛け手段を作動させる制御処理と、電動負荷掛け手段を作動させる制御処理とは、互いに独立して成立するように構成してある。したがって、本実施形態は、油圧負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理と、電動負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理と、油圧負荷掛け手段と電動負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる制御処理(両負荷掛けの併用)とが、それぞれ選択的に可能となっている。
図7は第1実施形態に備えられる電動負荷掛け手段と油圧負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる際のキャパシタ電圧に対するそれぞれの負荷の関係を示す図である。
2 エンジン
4 可変容量型油圧ポンプ
6 油圧アクチュエータ
7 アクチュエータ制御用制御弁
8 作動油タンク
9 操作装置
13 パイロット圧力センサ
14 メインコントローラ
15 排気管
16 排気ガス浄化装置
17 差圧センサ
18 押し退け容積制御用制御弁
19 可変絞り
20 吐出圧制御用制御弁
23 電動アシストモータ
24 キャパシタ(蓄電デバイス)
30 走行体
31 旋回体
32 作業装置
50 電動システム
53 インバータ
55 パワーコントロールユニット
80 コントローラ
81 異常監視手段
82 蓄電状況監視手段
83 電動アシストモータ制御手段
Claims (7)
- エンジンと、このエンジンで駆動される可変容量型油圧ポンプと、前記エンジンの駆動補助、および発電をする電動アシストモータと、前記エンジンで生じた排気ガス中の粒子状物質をフィルタにより捕集する排気ガス浄化装置と、前記可変容量型油圧ポンプと前記油圧アクチュエータとの間に介在し、前記可変容量型油圧ポンプからの作動油を前記油圧アクチュエータに供給する供給状態と、前記油圧アクチュエータに供給せずに作動油を作動油タンクに戻す非供給状態とのいずれかに切り替え可能なアクチュエータ制御用制御弁と、前記電動アシストモータに接続された蓄電デバイスと、前記排気ガスの温度を前記粒子状物質の燃焼に必要な温度となるように前記エンジンに負荷を掛ける負荷掛け手段とを備えた作業機械において、
前記負荷掛け手段が、前記電動アシストモータを発電動作させることにより前記エンジンに負荷を掛け、前記排気ガスの温度を上昇させる電動負荷掛け手段と、前記可変容量型油圧ポンプの吐出圧を上昇させることにより前記エンジンに負荷を掛け、前記排気ガスの温度を上昇させる油圧負荷掛け手段とから成り、
前記電動負荷掛け手段と前記油圧負荷掛け手段とを選択的に作動させる制御処理を行なう選択制御手段を備えたことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1に記載の作業機械において、
前記選択制御手段は、前記電動アシストモータおよび前記蓄電デバイスを含む電動システムの異常を監視する異常監視手段を含み、この異常監視手段で異常が監視されたとき、前記油圧負荷掛け手段を作動させる制御処理を行なうことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項2に記載の作業機械において、
前記選択制御手段は、前記蓄電デバイスの蓄電状況を監視する蓄電状況監視手段を含み、この蓄電状況監視手段で監視される蓄電状況に応じて、前記油圧負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理、前記電動負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理、および前記油圧負荷掛け手段と前記電動負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる制御処理のいずれかの制御処理を行なうことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項3に記載の作業機械において、
前記選択制御手段は、前記エンジンの負荷掛け時に、前記蓄電状況監視手段で監視される前記蓄電デバイスの蓄電残量が予め設定される下限閾値より低いときは、前記油圧負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理を行ない、前記蓄電デバイスの蓄電残量が予め設定される上限閾値より高いときには、前記電動負荷掛け手段のみを作動させる制御処理を行ない、前記蓄電デバイスの残量が前記上限閾値と前記下限閾値の間にあるときは、前記油圧負荷掛け手段と前記電動負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる制御処理を行なうことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項4に記載の作業機械において、
前記選択制御手段は、前記油圧負荷掛け手段と前記電動負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる制御処理に際して、前記油圧負荷掛け手段と前記電動負荷掛け手段を作動させる割合を、前記蓄電デバイスの蓄電電圧に応じて変化させる制御処理を行なうことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項5に記載の作業機械において、
前記選択制御手段は、前記油圧負荷掛け手段と前記電動負荷掛け手段の双方を作動させる制御処理に際して、前記蓄電デバイスの蓄電電圧が前記下限閾値の付近にあっては、前記電動負荷掛け手段を作動させる割合を大きくし、前記上限閾値の付近にあっては、前記油圧負荷掛け手段を作動させる割合を大きくする制御処理を行なうことを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の作業機械において、
前記排気ガスの温度を検出する温度検出手段と、
この温度検出手段で検出された前記排気ガスの温度が、予め設定される前記粒子状物質の燃焼に最低限必要と見做し得る温度範囲内の温度かどうか判定する排気ガス温度判定手段と、
この排気ガス温度判定手段で、前記温度検出手段によって検出された前記排気ガスの温度が、前記温度範囲内の温度でないと判定されたとき、前記排気ガスの温度が前記温度範囲内の温度となるように、前記選択制御手段で選択された負荷掛け手段の作動を調整する調整手段とを備えたことを特徴とする作業機械。
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