WO2012029291A1 - 半導体基板および絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ - Google Patents
半導体基板および絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ Download PDFInfo
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- H01L29/1025—Channel region of field-effect devices
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
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- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66446—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
- H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
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- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7782—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET
- H01L29/7783—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET using III-V semiconductor material
- H01L29/7785—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET using III-V semiconductor material with more than one donor layer
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/51—Insulating materials associated therewith
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/49—Metal-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. gates of MOSFET
- H01L29/51—Insulating materials associated therewith
- H01L29/517—Insulating materials associated therewith the insulating material comprising a metallic compound, e.g. metal oxide, metal silicate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor substrate and an insulated gate field effect transistor.
- P-HEMT pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- a P-HEMT having a Schottky gate structure or a pn junction gate structure is often used for a high-frequency communication element by taking advantage of its high mobility characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose an epitaxial substrate for P-HEMT.
- an InGaAs layer is adopted as the strain channel layer
- an AlGaAs layer is adopted as the electron supply layer on the front side and the back side.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the In composition of the strained channel layer is 0.25 or more. Further, by optimizing the In composition and film thickness of the strained channel layer, the electron mobility at 300 K of the strained channel layer is 8300 cm 2 / V ⁇ s or more (the specified maximum value is 8990 cm 2 / V ⁇ s). It is described that it becomes.
- Patent Document 2 describes that by optimizing the In composition and the film thickness of the strained channel layer, the emission peak wavelength at 77K of the strained channel layer is 1030 nm or more (the maximum specified value is 1075 nm). Yes.
- the electron mobility is measured by Hall measurement (Van der Pauw method).
- Patent Document 3 discloses an insulator-compound semiconductor interface structure.
- the insulator-compound semiconductor interface structure includes a compound semiconductor, a spacer layer disposed on the surface of the compound semiconductor, and an insulating layer disposed on the spacer layer.
- the spacer layer has a band gap of the compound semiconductor. It discloses a semiconductor material having a wider band gap.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-207473
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-275806
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technology capable of realizing good transistor performance with improved channel layer carrier mobility and reduced influence of interface states in an insulated gate (MIS) P-HEMT structure. There is.
- a base substrate, a first crystal layer, and an insulating layer are included, and the base substrate, the first crystal layer, and the insulating layer are a base substrate, the first crystal layer, located in the order of the insulating layer, providing a first crystal layer, a semiconductor substrate made possible pseudo-lattice-matched to GaAs or AlGaAs in x Ga 1-x As (0.35 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.43) To do.
- the first crystal layer is a layer applicable to the channel layer of the field effect transistor
- the insulating layer is a layer applicable to the gate insulating layer of the field effect transistor.
- the base substrate may be a substrate including at least one of GaAs or AlGaAs.
- the semiconductor substrate may further include a buffer layer positioned between the base substrate and the first crystal layer.
- the buffer layer may be a layer containing at least one of GaAs or AlGaAs.
- the peak wavelength of photoluminescence emission at 77K of the first crystal layer may be greater than 1070 nm.
- the first crystal layer preferably has a peak wavelength greater than 1080 nm, and more preferably has a peak wavelength greater than 1100 nm.
- the semiconductor substrate may further include a second crystal layer located between the first crystal layer and the insulating layer. In this case, the second crystal layer is made of a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor having a larger forbidden band than the first crystal layer.
- the second crystal layer may be made of In y Ga 1-y P (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) capable of pseudo-lattice matching with GaAs or AlGaAs, and Al z Ga 1-z As (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1).
- the semiconductor substrate may further include a spacer layer located between the second crystal layer and the first crystal layer.
- the spacer layer has a first structure in which a crystal layer made of GaAs and a crystal layer made of Al m Ga 1-m As (0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1), and a crystal layer made of GaAs or Al It has any structure selected from the second structure which is a single layer of a crystal layer made of m Ga 1-m As (0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1).
- the second crystal layer may be in contact with the insulating layer.
- an insulated gate field effect comprising the semiconductor substrate of the first aspect, wherein the first crystal layer in the semiconductor substrate is a channel layer, and the insulating layer in the semiconductor substrate is a gate insulating layer.
- a transistor is provided.
- a growth substrate made of a high resistance semi-insulating GaAs single crystal is prepared.
- a GaAs substrate manufactured by an LEC (Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski) method, a VB (Vertical Bridgman) method, a VGF (Vertical Gradient Freezing) method, or the like is preferable, but is not limited thereto.
- a growth substrate manufactured by any method is prepared with a tilt of about 0.05 ° to 10 ° from one crystallographic plane orientation.
- degreasing cleaning, etching, washing with water and drying treatment may be performed. Then, the growth substrate is placed on a heating stage of a known crystal growth furnace and heating is started. You may substitute the inside of a furnace with high purity hydrogen etc. before a heating start.
- arsenic source gas is usually introduced into the growth furnace. For example, when a GaAs layer is grown, a gallium source gas is introduced after the arsenic source gas. Further, when the AlGaAs layer is grown, a gallium source and an aluminum source are introduced in addition to the introduction of the arsenic source.
- the channel layer made of InGaAs in addition to the introduction of the arsenic source gas, an indium source material and a gallium source gas are introduced. Further, when the electron supply layer made of n-AlGaAs is grown, a gallium source gas, an aluminum source gas, and an n-type dopant source gas are introduced in addition to the introduction of the arsenic source gas. Also, when growing the InGaP layer, the arsenic material is switched to the phosphorus material, and the indium material and the gallium material are introduced and grown.
- the desired layered structure is grown by controlling the supply of each raw material for a predetermined time. Finally, the supply of each raw material is stopped to stop crystal growth, and after cooling, the epitaxial substrate laminated as described above is taken out of the furnace to complete the crystal growth.
- desired compound semiconductor layers such as at least a buffer layer, a channel layer made of InGaAs, an electron supply layer made of n-AlGaAs, and a contact layer are sequentially grown on the growth substrate. To go.
- triethylgallium is used as the gallium source gas
- the temperature of the GaAs single crystal substrate as the growth substrate is set to 450 ° C. or higher and 490 ° C.
- the InGaAs layer is formed in the following range.
- the growth substrate temperature during the growth of the AlGaAs layer and InGaP layer is about 600 ° C. to 675 ° C.
- trimethylgallium is used as the gallium source gas.
- TMA triethylaluminum
- TMI trimethylindium
- arsenic trihydride (arsine) is used as the arsenic source gas.
- Phosphorus trihydride (phosphine) is used as the phosphorus source gas.
- alkylarsine or alkylphosphine in which hydrogen is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can also be used.
- Disilane gas is used as the n-type dopant source gas.
- a hydride such as silicon, germanium, tin, sulfur, selenium, or an alkylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be used.
- a cross section of a semiconductor substrate 100 is shown.
- the cross section of the semiconductor substrate 200 is shown.
- 2 shows a cross section of an insulated gate field effect transistor 300.
- a cross section of a semiconductor substrate 400 is shown.
- the cross section of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 is shown. 7 is a graph obtained by experiments to determine the relationship (CV characteristics) of the gate capacitance with respect to the gate voltage of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500.
- the CV characteristics are shown when simulated under the assumption of an ideal state where no interface state exists at the MOS interface of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500. It is the figure which simulated the depth profile of the electron density, and shows when the gate voltage is 0V. It is the figure which simulated the depth profile of electron density, and shows when the gate voltage is + 1.2V.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a cross section of the semiconductor substrate 100.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 includes a base substrate 102, a first crystal layer 104, and an insulating layer 106.
- the base substrate 102, the first crystal layer 104, and the insulating layer 106 are positioned in the order of the base substrate 102, the first crystal layer 104, and the insulating layer 106.
- the first crystal layer 104 can be applied to a channel layer of a field effect transistor
- the insulating layer 106 can be applied to a gate insulating layer of the field effect transistor.
- any material and structure can be selected for the base substrate 102 as long as an epitaxial layer for P-HEMT can be formed thereon. That is, silicon, a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor, sapphire, or the like can be selected as the material of the base substrate 102, and a single crystal, polycrystal, or amorphous (amorphous) can be selected as the structure of the base substrate 102.
- silicon, a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor, sapphire, or the like can be selected as the material of the base substrate 102
- a single crystal, polycrystal, or amorphous (amorphous) can be selected as the structure of the base substrate 102.
- InGaAs is selected as the channel layer of the P-HEMT structure and GaAs or AlGaAs is selected as the crystal layer heterojunction with the channel layer, it is appropriate to use a GaAs single crystal substrate as the base substrate 102.
- a buffer layer may be formed between the base substrate 102 and the first crystal layer 104.
- the buffer layer includes a GaAs layer, an AlGaAs layer, or a superlattice layer of GaAs and AlGaAs.
- the first crystal layer 104 is formed of In x Ga 1-x As that can lattice match or pseudo lattice match with GaAs or AlGaAs.
- x is the In composition of the first crystal layer 104, and the In composition x satisfies the condition of 0.35 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.43.
- InGaAs included in the first crystal layer 104 is lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched to, for example, GaAs or AlGaAs included in the base substrate 102 or the buffer layer described above.
- the In composition x is generally set to 0.3 or less, typically about 0.25. Met.
- the carrier mobility can be increased when the first crystal layer 104 is used as the channel layer. it can.
- the In composition x by setting the In composition x to 0.35 or more, preferably 0.36 or more, the carrier mobility can be increased when the first crystal layer 104 is used as the channel layer. it can.
- the In composition x is larger than about 0.45, the InGaAs crystallinity is lowered and the carrier mobility is greatly lowered, which is not preferable. If the In composition x is increased, the thickness of the InGaAs layer needs to be reduced in order to maintain a pseudo-lattice matching state with GaAs or AlGaAs. Increasing the In composition x to about 0.45 is not preferable for using the first crystal layer 104 as the channel layer because the electron affinity does not increase due to the quantum effect.
- the adverse effect of the MOS interface state when the channel electron density in the insulated gate P-HEMT structure is modulated by the gate voltage is reduced, and as a result, the carrier mobility of the channel layer increases. Will be described in detail later.
- the material and structure thereof are arbitrary.
- the material of the insulating layer 106 includes Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4, and the like, and the structure of the insulating layer 106 includes single crystal, polycrystal, or amorphous (amorphous).
- the insulating layer 106 is preferably made of a high dielectric constant material such as Al 2 O 3 or HfO 2 .
- a method for forming the insulating layer 106 vacuum deposition, sputtering, thermal CVD (Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition), PCVD (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition), CATCVD (Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition), MOCVD, MBE (Molecular (Beam Epitaxy) method is mentioned, but ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the interface state.
- a second crystal layer may be provided between the first crystal layer 104 and the insulating layer 106.
- the second crystal layer is made of a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor having a larger forbidden band than the first crystal layer 104.
- the second crystal layer may be made of In y Ga 1-y P (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) capable of pseudo-lattice matching with GaAs or AlGaAs, and Al z capable of lattice matching or pseudo-lattice matching with GaAs or AlGaAs. It may be made of Ga 1-z As (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1).
- the Fermi level of the first crystal layer 104 can be adjusted, and the influence of the interface state formed at the interface between the insulating layer 106 and the semiconductor can be reduced.
- an AlGaAs layer or a doped layer in which a part of the GaAs layer is doped with an impurity can be given.
- the doping layer can function as a threshold adjustment layer that adjusts the threshold voltage of the FET by activating the doped impurities near room temperature to generate space charges.
- a spacer layer may be further provided between the second crystal layer and the first crystal layer 104.
- the spacer layer may be a stacked structure of a crystal layer made of GaAs and a crystal layer made of Al m Ga 1-m As (0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1).
- examples of the spacer layer include a single layer configuration of a crystal layer made of GaAs or a crystal layer made of Al m Ga 1-m As (0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1).
- Examples of the spacer layer include a non-doped AlGaAs layer or a GaAs layer.
- a spacer layer and a doping layer may be formed between the first crystal layer 104 and the buffer layer.
- the second crystal layer may be in contact with the insulating layer 106.
- aluminum oxide is preferably present in a region of the insulating layer 106 that is in contact with the second crystal layer. That is, the region of the insulating layer 106 is preferably made of aluminum oxide. By using aluminum oxide for the region, the density of interface states formed at the interface between the insulating layer 106 and the second crystal layer can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the semiconductor substrate 200.
- the semiconductor substrate 200 can be used for manufacturing an insulated gate field effect transistor.
- the semiconductor substrate 200 includes a buffer layer 202, a doping layer 204, a first spacer layer 206, a second spacer layer 208, a first crystal layer 104, a third spacer layer 210, a fourth spacer layer 212, a base substrate 102, A doped layer 214, a non-doped layer 216, and an insulating layer 106 are provided in this order.
- Examples of the base substrate 102 include a GaAs single crystal substrate.
- Examples of the buffer layer 202 include a laminated film having a total thickness of about 800 nm in which a non-doped AlGaAs layer and a non-doped GaAs layer are laminated.
- An example of the doping layer 204 is an n-type AlGaAs layer doped with an n-type dopant. Si atom is mentioned as an n-type dopant.
- Examples of the first spacer layer 206 and the fourth spacer layer 212 include a non-doped AlGaAs layer.
- Examples of the second spacer layer 208 and the third spacer layer 210 include a non-doped GaAs layer.
- Examples of the first crystal layer 104 include a non-doped In x Ga 1-x As layer (0.35 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.43), and preferably a non-doped In x Ga 1-x As layer (0.36 ⁇ x x ⁇ 0.43).
- the thickness of the first crystal layer 104 is adjusted according to the In composition x.
- the thickness of the first crystal layer 104 is desirably 10 nm or less, and is preferably 7 nm or less and 4 nm or more.
- the first spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the third spacer layer 210, and the fourth spacer layer 212 can keep the mobility of carriers traveling through the first crystal layer 104 high. However, if the first spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the third spacer layer 210, and the fourth spacer layer 212 are too thick, the concentration of carriers confined in the first crystal layer 104 is lowered. The thicknesses of the spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the third spacer layer 210, and the fourth spacer layer 212 are each adjusted to 10 nm or less. Note that part or all of the first spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the third spacer layer 210, and the fourth spacer layer 212 can be eliminated depending on the required performance of the transistor.
- Examples of the doping layer 214 include an n-type AlGaAs layer doped with an n-type dopant. Si atom is mentioned as an n-type dopant.
- the threshold voltage of the FET can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the doping layer 214 and the impurity concentration. The thickness and impurity concentration of the doping layer 204 and the doping layer 214 are adjusted together. Depending on the design goals of the FET, either or both of the doping layer 204 and the doping layer 214 can be omitted.
- the non-doped layer 216 is a non-doped AlGaAs layer.
- the non-doped layer 216 may be omitted in connection with the fourth spacer layer 212 and the doping layer 214 layer.
- As the non-doped layer 216 In y Ga 1-y P (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) that can be pseudo-lattice matched with GaAs or AlGaAs may be used.
- the non-doped layer 216 may be capable lattice match or pseudo-lattice matches with GaAs or AlGaAs Al z Ga 1-z As (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1).
- the non-doped layer 216 can reduce the influence of the interface state formed at the interface with the insulating layer 106.
- As the insulating layer 106 for example, an Al 2 O 3 layer formed by an ALD method can be given.
- the distance between the first crystal layer 104 serving as the channel layer of the FET and the insulating layer 106 serving as the gate electrode of the FET is a parameter related to the mutual conductance of the FET, and the mutual conductance increases as the distance decreases.
- the gate leakage current, the threshold voltage adjustment and controllability, and the carrier mobility decrease. Etc. are comprehensively taken into consideration, and the film thickness is adjusted to an appropriate value.
- the buffer layer 202, the doping layer 204, the first spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the first crystal layer 104, the third spacer layer 210, the fourth spacer layer 212, the doping layer 214, and the non-doped layer 216 are formed by MOCVD. Can be formed.
- the insulating layer 106 can be formed by an ALD method.
- the semiconductor substrate 200 can be manufactured as described above.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of an insulated gate field effect transistor 300.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor 300 can be manufactured using the semiconductor substrate 200.
- a gate electrode 302 is formed over the insulating layer 106, and a source electrode 304 and a drain electrode 306 are formed with the gate electrode 302 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating layer 106 in a region where the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 are formed is removed so that each of the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 is electrically coupled to a channel below the gate electrode 302.
- a contact region 308 and a contact region 310 are formed under the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306, respectively, for the purpose of reducing contact resistance.
- Contact region 308 and contact region 310 can be formed, for example, by implanting impurities and then activating the implanted impurities by heat treatment.
- an n-type dopant is implanted as an impurity. Examples of the n-type dopant include Si atoms.
- a part of a crystal layer located in a region where the contact region 308 and the contact region 310 are formed is removed by etching, and a conductive crystal layer is formed in the removed region.
- Regrowth When an insulated gate field effect transistor that operates as an N-channel type is manufactured, for example, n-type In z Ga 1-z As (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1) or n-type Si y Ge 1 is used as a conductive crystal layer.
- -Y layer (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
- Examples of the regrowth method of the crystal layer include a MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or a CVD method using SiH 4 gas and GeH 4 gas as source gases.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the semiconductor substrate 400.
- the semiconductor substrate 400 can be used for manufacturing an insulated gate field effect transistor.
- the semiconductor substrate 400 includes a buffer layer 202, a doping layer 204, a first spacer layer 206, a second spacer layer 208, a first crystal layer 104, a third spacer layer 210, a fourth spacer layer 212 on the base substrate 102.
- a doped layer 214, a non-doped layer 216, an etching stopper layer 218, and a contact layer 220 are provided in this order.
- the base substrate 102, the buffer layer 202, the doping layer 204, the first spacer layer 206, the second spacer layer 208, the first crystal layer 104, the third spacer layer 210, the fourth spacer layer 212, the doping layer 214, and the non-doped layer 216 are This is the same as in the case of FIG.
- the etching stopper layer 218 examples include an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer.
- the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer can be formed with a thickness of about 10 nm.
- the etching stopper layer 218 can be doped with impurity atoms according to the channel type of the insulated gate field effect transistor. Doping impurity atoms in the etching stopper layer 218 can suppress an increase in resistance of the etching stopper layer 218 due to the heterojunction potential barrier.
- an n-type dopant is doped as an impurity atom.
- the n-type dopant include Si atoms.
- the dose amount (impurity concentration) of Si atoms can be adjusted to about 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the contact layer 220 is a GaAs layer.
- the GaAs layer can be formed with a thickness of about 100 nm.
- the contact layer 220 is doped with impurity atoms according to the channel type of the insulated gate field effect transistor.
- an n-type dopant is doped as an impurity atom.
- Examples of the n-type dopant include Si atoms.
- the dose amount (impurity concentration) of Si atoms can be adjusted to about 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section of an insulated gate field effect transistor 500.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 can be manufactured from the semiconductor substrate 400 shown in FIG.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 includes an insulating layer 106 on the non-doped layer 216 and a gate electrode 302 on the insulating layer 106.
- a source electrode 304 and a drain electrode 306 are provided on the contact layer 220 with the gate electrode 302 interposed therebetween.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 can be manufactured as follows.
- the contact layer 220 and the etching stopper layer 218 in the region where the gate electrode 302 is formed (gate electrode formation region) are removed by etching.
- the etching stopper layer 218 can be used as an etching stopper to perform etching with an accurate depth.
- an insulating layer 106 is formed on the entire surface.
- a gate electrode 302 is formed over the insulating layer 106 in the gate electrode formation region.
- the insulating layer 106 in a region where the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 are formed is removed, and the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 are formed with the gate electrode 302 interposed therebetween.
- Each of the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 is formed so as to be electrically coupled to a channel below the gate electrode 302.
- An example of the gate electrode 302 is a Ti / Pt / Au laminated film.
- the laminated film of Ti / Pt / Au can be formed by a vacuum deposition method.
- the laminated film of AuGe / Ni / Au can be formed by a vacuum deposition method.
- the gate electrode 302, the source electrode 304, and the drain electrode 306 can be formed by patterning using a lift-off method.
- a semiconductor substrate 400 shown in FIG. 4 was produced.
- As the base substrate 102 a GaAs single crystal substrate was used.
- a non-doped Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As layer and a non-doped GaAs layer were formed as a buffer layer 202 with a total thickness of 800 nm.
- An n-type Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer having a thickness of 5 nm was formed as the doping layer 204 on the buffer layer 202.
- the n-type dopant was Si atoms, and the impurity concentration was adjusted to 2.31 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer having a thickness of 4 nm was formed as a first spacer layer 206 on the doping layer 204.
- a non-doped GaAs layer having a thickness of 6 nm was formed on the first spacer layer 206 as the second spacer layer 208.
- a non-doped In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As layer having a thickness of 5.5 nm was formed as the first crystal layer 104 on the second spacer layer 208.
- a non-doped GaAs layer having a thickness of 6 nm was formed as the third spacer layer 210 on the first crystal layer 104.
- a non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer having a thickness of 4 nm was formed as the fourth spacer layer 212 on the third spacer layer 210.
- An n-type Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer having a thickness of 10 nm was formed as the doping layer 214 on the fourth spacer layer 212.
- the n-type dopant was Si atoms and the impurity concentration was adjusted to 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer having a thickness of 10 nm was formed as a non-doped layer 216 on the doping layer 214.
- n-type In 0.24 Ga 0.76 P layer having a thickness of 10 nm was formed as an etching stopper layer 218 on the non-doped layer 216.
- the n-type dopant was Si atoms and the impurity concentration was adjusted to 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- an n-type GaAs layer having a thickness of 100 nm was formed as a contact layer 220 on the etching stopper layer 218.
- the n-type dopant was Si atoms, and the impurity concentration was adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the AlGaAs layer, InGaAs layer, GaAs layer, and InGaP layer were formed by MOCVD.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- TMI trimethylindium
- TMG trimethylgallium
- TEG triethylgallium
- arsine AsH 3
- Phosphine PH 3
- Disilane Si 2 H 6
- Si 2 H 6 was used as a source gas for Si atoms.
- the semiconductor substrate 400 was produced as described above.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 was manufactured from the semiconductor substrate 400 shown in FIG.
- the contact layer 220 and the etching stopper layer 218 in the region where the gate electrode 302 is formed (gate electrode formation region) were removed by etching. Thereafter, an Al 2 O 3 layer having a thickness of 12 nm was formed as an insulating layer 106 on the entire surface.
- the Al 2 O 3 layer was formed by the ALD method.
- a gate electrode 302 was formed over the insulating layer 106 in the gate electrode formation region.
- the insulating layer 106 in the region where the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 are formed is removed, and the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 are formed.
- the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 were formed with the gate electrode 302 interposed therebetween so that each of the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 was electrically coupled to the channel below the gate electrode 302.
- the gate electrode 302 was formed by forming a Ti / Pt / Au laminated film by a vacuum deposition method and patterning the laminated film by a lift-off method.
- the source electrode 304 and the drain electrode 306 were formed by forming a laminated film of AuGe / Ni / Au by a vacuum deposition method and patterning the laminated film by a lift-off method.
- two channels are formed in the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 depending on the gate voltage.
- One is a first channel formed in the non-doped In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As layer, which is the first crystal layer 104.
- the other is a second channel formed in the non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer that is the non-doped layer 216.
- FIG. 6 is a graph in which the relationship (CV characteristics) of the gate capacitance with respect to the gate voltage of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 is obtained by experiments.
- Four types of CV characteristics with measurement frequencies of 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz are shown.
- the gate voltage is smaller than about 0.5 V
- the difference in CV characteristics (frequency dispersion) due to the measurement frequency is not observed, and it can be seen that the carrier density is well modulated by the gate voltage.
- frequency dispersion occurs, and it can be seen that when the measurement frequency is higher than 100 kHz, the modulation of the carrier density due to the change in the gate voltage is no longer observed.
- FIG. 7 shows the CV characteristics when simulated under the assumption that no interface state exists at the MOS interface of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500.
- the thickness of the n-type Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer which is the doping layer 204 was set to 5 nm
- the n-type dopant was set to Si atoms
- the impurity concentration was set to 2.30 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness of the non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer that is the first spacer layer 206 was set to 2 nm.
- the thickness of the non-doped GaAs layer that is the second spacer layer 208 was set to 3 nm.
- the thickness of the non-doped In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As layer that is the first crystal layer 104 was set to 5.5 nm.
- the thickness of the non-doped GaAs layer that is the third spacer layer 210 was set to 3 nm.
- the thickness of the non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer that is the fourth spacer layer 212 was set to 2 nm.
- the thickness of the n-type Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer as the doping layer 214 was set to 6 nm, the n-type dopant was set to Si atoms, and the impurity concentration was set to 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness of the non-doped Al 0.24 Ga 0.76 As layer that is the non-doped layer 216 was set to 14 nm.
- the band gap energy of the Al 2 O 3 layer that is the insulating layer 106 was set to 6.0 eV, and the relative dielectric constant was set to 7.
- the work function of the gate electrode 302 was 4.83 eV.
- the vicinity of the center of the band gap at the interface between the base substrate 102 (GaAs single crystal substrate) and the buffer layer 202 (laminated structure of a non-doped Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As layer and a non-doped GaAs layer) was pinned to 0V.
- the simulator used was a one-dimensional Schrodinger-Poisson method. That is, the wave function was described by the Schrödinger equation, the carrier concentration was described by Fermi-Dirac statistics, and the band potential was described by the Poisson equation.
- FIG. 8 and 9 are diagrams simulating the depth profile (electron density profile) of the electron density at the three quantum levels.
- FIG. 8 shows that when the gate voltage is 0V, FIG. The time is 4V.
- 8 and 9 also show the depth profile (Ec) of the energy level at the bottom of the conduction band.
- the baseline of the electron density profile at each of the three quantum levels, ie, level 1, level 2 and level 3, indicates that the electron density is 0 and indicates the energy level of each level. .
- the length of the unit scale of electron density (1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 ) is shown in the upper left part of the drawing.
- the energy level refers to the scale on the right side of the vertical axis.
- the scale on the right side of the vertical axis is an energy level based on the Fermi level, and the unit is electron energy (eV).
- Level 1 is the lowest energy level, and the energy level increases in the order of level 2 and level 3. 8 and 9, the depth 0 to 1200 is the insulating layer 106, the depth 120 to 260 ⁇ is the non-doped layer 216, the depth 260 to 320 ⁇ is the doping layer 214, and the depth 320 to 370 ⁇ is the fourth spacer layer. 212 and the third spacer layer 210, the depth 370 to 425 ⁇ is the first crystal layer 104, the depth 425 to 475 ⁇ is the second spacer layer 208 and the first spacer layer 206, and the depth 475 to 525 ⁇ is the doping layer 204. In addition, a region deeper than 525 mm corresponds to the buffer layer 202.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram simulating the change of the electron density with respect to the change of the gate voltage for the first channel (denoted as “InGaAs channel” in the figure) and the second channel (denoted as “AlGaAs channel” in the figure). It is.
- the gate voltage increases from about ⁇ 1.3 V
- the electron density of the first channel (InGaAs channel) increases.
- the gate voltage is about 0.5 V
- the electron density of the first channel (InGaAs channel) becomes saturated and the electron density of the second channel (AlGaAs channel) starts increasing.
- the total electron density increases monotonically as the gate voltage increases.
- the frequency dispersion is small and the carrier is modulated normally.
- the frequency dispersion is large and the typical interface state density is high. Shows high pinning characteristics, and it can be said that the carrier is not normally modulated. That is, it can be said that the cause of the poor carrier modulation is carrier conduction in the non-doped layer 216.
- the present inventor Considered as follows.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram plotting the calculated Fermi level at the MOS interface when the gate voltage is changed.
- the MOS interface is an interface between the non-doped layer 216 and the insulating layer 106.
- shaft of Fig.11 (a) shows the energy difference from a conduction band lower end as (DELTA) En (eV). The lower the gate voltage, the lower the Fermi level at the MOS interface.
- FIG. 11B shows the relationship between the interface state density in GaAs and its energy level.
- the vertical axis indicates the energy difference from the lower end of the conduction band as ⁇ En (eV), and the horizontal axis indicates the interface state density on a logarithmic scale (value is arbitrary).
- the interface state density decreases as the energy approaches the charge neutral level, and the interface state density is minimized at the charge neutral level.
- the “charge neutral level” is a level in the semiconductor gap, which is located between a donor-like level near the top of the valence band and an acceptor-like level near the bottom of the conduction band. This is a boundary level where the properties of the valence band and the conduction band are halfway.
- FIG. 11 (a) and FIG. 11 (b) are arranged with the scale of the vertical axis aligned and the level of the lower end of the conduction band matched.
- the range of the gate voltage in the case of carrier modulation in the first crystal layer 104 (InGaAs layer) is the range indicated by “InGaAs” in FIG. 11A, and the case of carrier modulation in the non-doped layer 216 (AlGaAs layer).
- the range of the gate voltage is the range indicated by “AlGaAs” in FIG.
- ⁇ En corresponding to the range indicated by “InGaAs” (the Fermi level at the MOS interface with reference to the lower end of the conduction band) is closer to the charge neutral level than ⁇ En corresponding to the range indicated by “AlGaAs” and the interface state density is also small. . That is, the channel modulation in the first crystal layer 104 is operated in a state where the influence of the interface state density is less than that in the carrier modulation in the non-doped layer 216, and the first crystal layer 104 is more than the non-doped layer 216. It can be said that the carrier is modulated well in this case because the Fermi level at the MOS interface is operated closer to the charge neutral level.
- the inventor made the present invention based on the above knowledge.
- the band gap Eg is decreased. Therefore, in the FET operation in which the channel layer is composed of InGaAs, the Fermi level at the MOS interface can be made closer to the charge neutral level as the In composition of the InGaAs layer is increased. Therefore, the larger the In composition, the more the influence of the interface state is eliminated, and the transistor can be operated as a MOS.
- the level density in the tail state portion near the band edge is orders of magnitude larger than the level density near the charge neutral level and cannot be ignored. Therefore, as a measure other than the technology for forming the MOS interface with a low interface state density, it is extremely important to prepare a technology for reducing the influence of the existing interface state in practical use of the MOS P-HEMT. is there.
- FIG. 12 is a graph of experimental results obtained by measuring the electron mobility when the In composition of the first crystal layer 104 is changed by hole measurement (Van der Pauw method).
- the In composition was in the range of 0.35 to 0.43, the electron mobility was a good value of 9000 (cm 2 / Vs) or more.
- the In composition was 0.45, the electron mobility significantly decreased to 5500 (cm 2 / Vs). This is considered to be because the lattice mismatch at the hetero interface increases as the In composition increases, and the crystallinity of the first crystal layer 104 decreases.
- FIG. 13 is an experimental graph showing the relationship between the electron mobility of the first crystal layer 104 and the peak wavelength of photoluminescence emission at 77K.
- a strong correlation was observed between electron mobility and peak wavelength.
- the peak wavelength was larger than 1070 nm, the electron mobility became 9000 (cm 2 / Vs) or more.
- the peak wavelength of photoluminescence emission corresponds to the energy between the ground levels of the quantum well formed by the first crystal layer 104.
- the quantum level formed in the conduction band corresponds to the fact that the longer the peak wavelength of photoluminescence emission, the higher the electron affinity.
- the Fermi level at the MOS interface is more charge neutral from the lower end of the conduction band. It will approach the level.
- the peak wavelength is preferably larger than 1080 nm, and more preferably larger than 1100 nm.
- FIG. 14 is an experimental graph in which the relationship between the carrier mobility and the charge density of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 measured by the Split CV method is obtained by experiment. For comparison, the case where the In composition x of the first crystal layer 104 is 0.3 is also shown.
- the Split CV method is a method of calculating the charge amount of the channel from the capacitance obtained by the CV measurement of the MOSFET and calculating the carrier mobility from the current obtained by the IV measurement by an analysis method based on the gradual channel approximation. Since the mobility trapped at the interface state is affected by the Split CV method, the mobility is generally underestimated from the mobility by the hole measurement (Van der Pauw method). In the experiment according to FIG.
- the gate length of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500 was 100 ⁇ m and the gate width was 200 ⁇ m.
- the drain voltage at the time of measurement was 0.05 V, and the gate voltage was changed in the range of ⁇ 2 V to +2 V in steps of 0.05 V.
- the maximum mobility is as high as about 5000 cm 2 / Vs, and the charge density when the maximum mobility is shown is also about 3 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 .
- FIG. 15 is an experimental graph in which the relationship between the carrier mobility and the charge density of another insulated gate field effect transistor measured by the Split CV method is obtained by experiment.
- the insulated gate field effect transistor of FIG. 15 includes an n-type In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer of an etching stopper layer 218 between the non-doped layer 216 and the insulating layer 106 in the gate region of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500. Is left with a thickness of 10 nm. Si atoms are doped as an n-type dopant at a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 . Other configurations and measurement conditions of the Split CV method are the same as those of the insulated gate field effect transistor 500.
- the case where the In composition x of the first crystal layer 104 is 0.3 is also shown.
- the maximum mobility is as high as about 7800 cm 2 / Vs, and the charge density when exhibiting the maximum mobility is also as large as about 2 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, by setting the In composition x of the first crystal layer 104 to 0.4, the transistor performance of the other insulated gate field effect transistor can be improved.
- the maximum electron transfer is achieved by leaving the n-type In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer as the etching stopper layer 218 with a thickness of 10 nm between the non-doped layer 216 and the insulating layer 106.
- the gate insulating film is preferably formed in contact with the InGaP layer.
- the n-type In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer that is the etching stopper layer 218 is an example of the second crystal layer.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram simulating the Fermi level (E f ) and the ground level (E 0 ) at the MOS interface when the In composition is changed.
- Table 1 shows the layer configuration below the gate insulating layer of the MOS transistor and the thickness of each layer in this simulation.
- the thickness of the i-In x Ga 1-x As layer is adjusted in accordance with the In composition, and the i-In x Ga 1-x As layer of the i-In x Ga 1-x As layer is controlled from the MOS interface regardless of the In composition.
- the thickness of the i-GaAs layer was adjusted so that the distance to the center was constant.
- the impurity concentration of the doping layer was also adjusted so that the threshold voltage was + 0.2V.
- the material of the gate insulating layer was Al 2 O 3 , the band gap energy was 6.0 eV, and the relative dielectric constant was 7.
- the thickness of the gate insulating layer was 12 nm.
- a gate electrode is formed on the gate insulating layer, the work function of the gate metal is 4.83 eV, and the gate voltage is + 0.8V. Near the center of the band gap at the interface between the base substrate and the buffer layer (laminated structure of i-GaAs layer and i-Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As layer) was pinned to 0V.
- the MOS operation can be performed by bringing the Fermi level close to the charge neutral level, the influence of the interface level at the MOS interface can be reduced, and the carrier mobility in the first crystal layer 104 can be increased. For this reason, the performance of the insulated gate field effect transistor can be improved.
- the crystal layer formation method is directly on the base substrate 102. It is not restricted to these methods to form.
- the crystal layer on the base substrate 102 is formed by a method in which the crystal layer is formed on a crystal growth substrate different from the base substrate 102 by an epitaxial growth method, and only the formed crystal layer is transferred onto the base substrate 102. Can be formed.
- the base substrate 102 As a method of transferring only the crystal layer onto the base substrate 102, a method of peeling the crystal layer formed on the crystal growth substrate by the lift-off method and transferring only the peeled crystal layer onto the base substrate 102, or a crystal layer
- the crystal growth substrate formed with the base substrate 102 is bonded so that the crystal layer is in contact with the base substrate 102, and the crystal growth substrate and the crystal layer are separated from each other or the crystal growth substrate is removed. Examples include a method of remaining a crystal layer.
- the base substrate 102 made of a material that cannot be used as an epitaxial growth substrate, such as glass or an organic substance, can be selected.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Semiconductor substrate, 102 ... Base substrate, 104 ... First crystal layer, 106 ... Insulating layer, 200 ... Semiconductor substrate, 202 ... Buffer layer, 204 ... Doping layer 206 ... 1st spacer layer, 208 ... 2nd spacer layer, 210 ... 3rd spacer layer, 212 ... 4th spacer layer, 214 ... Doping layer, 216 ... Non-doped layer 218 ... Etching stopper layer, 220 ... Contact layer, 300 ... Insulated gate field effect transistor, 302 ... Gate electrode, 304 ... Source electrode, 306 ... Drain electrode, 308, 310 ... contact region, 400 ... semiconductor substrate, 500 ... insulated gate field effect transistor, x ... In composition
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1 特開2004-207471号公報
特許文献2 特開2004-207473号公報
特許文献3 特開平10-275806号公報
Claims (13)
- ベース基板と、第1結晶層と、絶縁層とを有し、
前記ベース基板、前記第1結晶層および前記絶縁層が、前記ベース基板、前記第1結晶層、前記絶縁層の順に位置し、
前記第1結晶層が、GaAsまたはAlGaAsに擬格子整合できるInxGa1-xAs(0.35≦x≦0.43)からなる
半導体基板。 - 前記第1結晶層は、電界効果トランジスタのチャネル層に適用できる層であり、前記絶縁層は、前記電界効果トランジスタのゲート絶縁層に適用できる層である
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記ベース基板が、GaAsまたはAlGaAsの少なくとも一方を含む基板である
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記ベース基板と前記第1結晶層との間に位置するバッファ層をさらに有する
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記バッファ層が、GaAsまたはAlGaAsの少なくとも一方を含む層である
請求項4に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第1結晶層の77Kにおけるフォトルミネッセンス発光のピーク波長が、1070nmより大きい
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第1結晶層と前記絶縁層との間に位置する第2結晶層をさらに有し、
前記第2結晶層が、前記第1結晶層より禁制帯幅が大きい3-5族化合物半導体からなる
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層が、GaAsまたはAlGaAsに擬格子整合できるInyGa1-yP(0<y<1)からなる
請求項7に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層が、GaAsまたはAlGaAsに擬格子整合できるAlzGa1-zAs(0≦z≦1)からなる
請求項7に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層と前記第1結晶層との間に位置するスペーサ層をさらに有し、
前記スペーサ層が、GaAsからなる結晶層とAlmGa1-mAs(0<m≦1)からなる結晶層との積層である第1の構成、および、GaAsからなる結晶層またはAlmGa1-mAs(0<m≦1)からなる結晶層の単層である第2の構成、から選ばれる何れかの構成を有する
請求項7に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層が、前記絶縁層と接している
請求項7に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記絶縁層の前記第2結晶層と接する領域に、酸化アルミニウムが存在する
請求項11に記載の半導体基板。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体基板を有し、前記半導体基板における前記第1結晶層がチャネル層であり、前記半導体基板における前記絶縁層がゲート絶縁層である絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ。
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CN201180040410.3A CN103098188B (zh) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-30 | 半导体基板及绝缘栅极型场效电子晶体管 |
KR1020137000957A KR20130105804A (ko) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-30 | 반도체 기판 및 절연 게이트형 전계 효과 트랜지스터 |
US13/777,770 US9379226B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2013-02-26 | Semiconductor wafer and insulated gate field effect transistor |
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US9515186B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2016-12-06 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same |
CN113838929A (zh) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-24 | 广东致能科技有限公司 | 一种半导体器件及其制造方法 |
CN114914296B (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-16 | 江西兆驰半导体有限公司 | 一种外延片、外延片制备方法及高电子迁移率晶体管 |
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US20130168735A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
TWI578519B (zh) | 2017-04-11 |
CN103098188B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
CN103098188A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
US9379226B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
JP2012074688A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
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