WO2012026821A1 - Procédé et dispositif de lavage industriel de textiles - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de lavage industriel de textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012026821A1
WO2012026821A1 PCT/NL2011/050587 NL2011050587W WO2012026821A1 WO 2012026821 A1 WO2012026821 A1 WO 2012026821A1 NL 2011050587 W NL2011050587 W NL 2011050587W WO 2012026821 A1 WO2012026821 A1 WO 2012026821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
washing
textile
process parameter
batch
parameter values
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2011/050587
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Van Oorspronk
Alain Joseph Andre Bostoen
Cornelis Van Haasteren
Marinus Maria Cornelis Gerardus Warmoeskerken
Original Assignee
Christeyns N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=43778437&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2012026821(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Christeyns N.V. filed Critical Christeyns N.V.
Priority to EP11751669.0A priority Critical patent/EP2496751B1/fr
Priority to DK11751669.0T priority patent/DK2496751T3/da
Publication of WO2012026821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012026821A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F31/00—Washing installations comprising an assembly of several washing machines or washing units, e.g. continuous flow assemblies
    • D06F31/005—Washing installations comprising an assembly of several washing machines or washing units, e.g. continuous flow assemblies consisting of one or more rotating drums through which the laundry passes in a continuous flow
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/28—Arrangements for program selection, e.g. control panels therefor; Arrangements for indicating program parameters, e.g. the selected program or its progress
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D06F34/24—Liquid temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for industrial washing of textile.
  • the invention also relates to a device for industrial washing of textile, in particular by applying the method according to the invention.
  • Textile cleaning is a service industry which meets the need to be able to reuse textile in an attractive, hygienic manner. Textile is cleaned in a laundry using water and detergents, and usually an increased temperature.
  • the textile for cleaning can consist here of clothing, bed linen, mats and so on.
  • a washing tunnel comprises a plurality of connected chambers (also referred to as compartments or containers) which together form a tunnel through which a batch of textile can be transported in axial direction. In this way the batch of textile can be subjected relatively quickly and easily to a washing program made up of multiple washing steps (stages).
  • the different stages in the washing process usually pre-wash, main wash, rinsing, neutralizing and water removal - take place here in the different containers (chambers) of the washing tunnel, which are generally closed off from each other by partitions.
  • This compartmentalization also makes it possible to treat different batches simultaneously in a washing tunnel.
  • the capacity of one charge in a washing tunnel varies on average between 30 and 75 kg, wherein the water consumption generally varies between 6 and 25 litres per kg textile.
  • the total wash time generally amounts to about 30 minutes.
  • washing tunnel Advantages of a washing tunnel are the continuous treatment process and an efficient use of energy, process water (washing water) and detergents (washing agents).
  • the washing process is complex however, whereby in the case of incomplete cleaning of batches of textile it is generally relatively difficult to find out what was the cause of the incomplete cleaning. It is moreover not always possible to determine an incomplete cleaning of the batch of textile, particularly when the incomplete cleaning is not immediately visible, but involves for instance an incomplete disinfection of the batch of textile.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling the cleaning of textile.
  • the invention provides for this purpose a method of the type stated in the preamble, comprising the steps of: A) at least partially filling with a batch of textile for washing at least one container of at least one device for industrial washing of textile, B) executing a washing program made up of multiple successive washing steps by controlling the container, wherein process water, in particular process water and detergent, are guided into the container, C) detecting at least one process parameter related to the process water during at least two washing steps, and D) storing in at least one database information related to the detected process parameter values and at least one
  • identification code as cross-reference to the information related to the process parameter values, the identification code being related to the washing process as such and/or the device and or the batch of textile. It has been found that the efficiency of the washing program depends on the efficiency of the individual washing steps of which the washing program is made up. Different ideal conditions generally apply here for different washing steps in order to enable the best possible cleaning. These ideal conditions are generally known for each washing step, wherein a condition range can usually also be defined in which a satisfactory cleaning of the batch of textile can be realized.
  • the efficiency of these washing steps can be monitored relatively quickly and accurately, and moreover in real-time (without delay) without specifically trained staff being required, whereby a direct insight can be obtained into the progress of and smooth running of the overall cleaning process as well as the quality of cleaning of the batch of textile.
  • a determined process parameter value does not fall within a predefined process parameter range during a washing step, the cleaning will then not have proceeded optimally and a decision to re-wash may be taken.
  • Monitoring relevant process parameters during different washing steps during the washing process thus makes it possible to better control the quality of the washing process, and thereby the quality of the cleaned batch of textile.
  • logging information related to the detected process parameter values in a database together with, as cross-reference to this information, one or more identification codes related to the washing process as such and/or the device and/or the batch of textile it is possible to track which batches of textile have been cleaned and under which conditions determined by the detected (and stored) process parameter values.
  • the storage of the data in a database is particularly advantageous in making it possible to continue to consult data generated in the past, this being of particularly great importance for specific sectors such as the health care services.
  • the detected process parameter values related to a batch of textile can thus be retrieved at any desired point in time, which can be particularly advantageous from a quality viewpoint and a liability viewpoint.
  • the identification code linked in the database(s) to information stored in the database(s) relating to the detected process parameter values is preferably unique within this(these) database(s), and will generally be formed by an alphabetic, numeric or alphanumeric code, optionally combined with one or more punctuation marks.
  • the identification codes will together generally form a series. An example hereof is: #0001, #0002, #0003. It is possible to envisage the process conditions of each batch being monitored during the washing process and the information collected here being stored in a database.
  • temperature of a washing step being stored in the database as a value lying between 1 (temperature too low) and 5 (temperature too high). This value (digit) is determined on the basis of comparing detected temperature to a reference temperature and/or reference temperature range. This makes it possible for instance to generate the following table in the database:
  • the identification code related to the washed batch of textile can here be device-dependent, wherein a unique identification code can also be assigned to the washing device itself, as shown for instance in the following table:
  • washing devices with a unique identification code (label or tag), but wherein the identification code related to the cleaned batch of textile can be successive in the database as shown below:
  • the method according to the invention can be applied in one or more washing tunnels as well as in one or more industrial centrifuge washing machines provided with a rotatable washing drum, and/or a combination of both types.
  • the process parameter is preferably a process parameter chosen from a group consisting of: acidity, redox potential, conductivity, temperature, water hardness and turbidity (water transparency). At least one flow rate of the ingoing process water flow and at least one flow rate of the outgoing process water flow, and preferably all flow rates of the ingoing and outgoing process water flows are moreover preferably measured as process parameter.
  • These process parameters in particular are deemed as relevant process parameters affecting the final quality of the washing process. It is possible here to envisage all the above stated process parameters being detected in two or more washing steps.
  • the way in which the relevant process parameter is measured generally depends on the nature of the process parameter.
  • the temperature of the process water during a washing step will generally be measured in or in the immediate vicinity of the container in order to enable measurement of the effective temperature of the process water in the container. It is (additionally) also possible to envisage the temperature of the process water being measured in the detection unit or at least close to a process parameter sensor in order to enable calibration of the (temperature-dependent) sensors.
  • the other of the above stated process parameters can optionally be measured remotely from the container in a detection unit connected to the container. A sample will for this purpose be drawn off from the relevant container during a washing step and can be analysed in the detection unit so that the desired process parameter values can be retrieved. Taking a sample and subsequent analysis of the sample can take place here in fully automatic manner, whereby the work required can be limited to a minimum.
  • the method comprises step E), comprising of, following detection of the at least one process parameter during at least two washing steps as according to step C), comparing the detected process parameter values to a predefined process parameter range.
  • a predefined process parameter range In order to enable comparison of a detected process parameter value to a process parameter range it is also advantageous to store the relevant process parameter value.
  • the process parameter range is defined such that each process parameter value within this range will contribute toward optimization of the cleaning action of the associated washing step. In this way the washing process can be validated in stepwise manner.
  • the process parameter range generally depends here on the washing step. An optimal range for the acidity or temperature during pre-washing of a batch of textile can for instance vary from a similar optimal range during the main wash for the same batch of textile.
  • a signal is preferably generated.
  • This signal can be an auditive and/or visual signal which can for instance be generated via a computer. It is also possible to envisage the signal involving sending of a message, such as an SMS or e-mail, to a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone. A user can in this way be informed relatively quickly and efficiently of deviating process parameter values, and take action if necessary.
  • the detection unit When a process water sample is drawn off from the container and subsequently analysed in a measuring chamber of a detection unit, the detection unit is preferably flushed with (clean) water and/or air following detection of the at least one process parameter of a sample.
  • Clean water is understood to mean, among others, mains water and/or industrial water which has not functioned as process water. Flushing of the measuring chamber of the detection unit has the advantage that the detection unit can analyse the quality of the process water as accurately as possible, this generally enhancing the reliability of the analysis.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied in a conventional washing machine, the method according to the invention is also particularly
  • step B) advantageous when applied in a tunnel washing device (washing tunnel), wherein a plurality of containers (chambers compartments) are arranged fitting together, wherein during step B) the batch of textile is displaced through the different containers.
  • Displacement generally takes place here by applying transport means, such as an axially rotatable Archimedes screw.
  • transport means such as an axially rotatable Archimedes screw.
  • the advantage of the tunnel washing device is that it is generally successively filled with multiple batches of textile. It is not usually necessary here to monitor each batch, but each «th, in particular fourth, batch will usually be tracked and analysed.
  • the progress of the washing process of the tracked batch of textile can be displayed graphically in real-time. It is also possible here to display detected process parameter values graphically in real-time so that a user or operator can immediately see what the status of a determined batch is.
  • the invention also relates to a method for monitoring an industrial process for washing textile, in particular by making use of the method for industrial washing of textile according to the invention, comprising of: detecting at least one process parameter related to process water used during the washing process, this during at least two washing steps of the washing process; and storing in at least one database information related to the detected process parameter values as well as at least one identification code as cross-reference to the information related to the process parameter values, the identification code being related to the washing process as such and/or a device using which the washing process takes place and/or a batch of textile being subjected to the washing process.
  • Advantages and embodiment variants of this method according to the invention have already been described at length in the foregoing.
  • the invention also relates to a device for industrial washing of textile, in particular by applying the method according to the invention, comprising: at least one container for a batch of textile for washing, to which container a process water feed and a process water discharge can be connected, at least one detection element for detecting at least one process parameter related to the process water, at least one control unit for executing a washing program made up of multiple washing steps by controlling the container, wherein the control unit is also adapted to process process parameter values collected by the detection element during at least two washing steps, and at least one database coupled to the control unit for storing information related to the detected process parameter values as well as at least one identification code as cross-reference to the information related to the process parameter values, the identification code being related to the washing process as such and/or the device and/or the batch of textile.
  • the detection element can be arranged here in or in the direct vicinity of the container, this being particularly advantageous when the detection element is a temperature sensor.
  • the detection element is adapted to determine the conductivity, hardness, acidity or redox potential
  • the detection unit will generally be positioned here remotely of the container and can hereby be optimized structurally in relatively simple manner for analysis applications.
  • the detection unit preferably comprises here at least one measuring chamber for receiving a process water sample drawn off from the container, wherein the detection element is adapted to detect the at least one process parameter of the process water sample present in the measuring chamber.
  • the device In order to guide the process water sample into the detection unit it is advantageous for the device to comprise at least one pump for pumping the process water sample out of at least one container to the detection unit.
  • the storage of the information in the database and linking hereof to the identification code(s) is particularly advantageous from a process engineering viewpoint as well as from the liability viewpoint, since historic data can in this way be retrieved relatively easily.
  • control unit is adapted to compare a detected process parameter value to a predefined process parameter range, in order to be able to evaluate the quality of the associated washing step and validate the washing step.
  • a signal can be generated here by a signal-generating element coupled to the control unit when the detected process parameter value does not fall within the defined process parameter range.
  • the signal can be of diverse nature, and may be an auditive or visual signal, but may also involve (wireless) sending of a digital message.
  • the signal can also be displayed, optionally in real-time, by applying display means.
  • the display means can also be applied to display the progress of the washing program of the batch of textile and the detected process parameter values.
  • the container as such can also be adapted to set the batch of textile into motion.
  • the container can for this purpose be accommodated rotatably in a (stationary) housing.
  • the device is preferably formed by a tunnel washing device, comprising a plurality of containers fitting together, the tunnel washing device being adapted to displace the batch of textile through the different containers as it undergoes the washing program.
  • the tunnel washing device generally comprises for this purpose a transport screw, whereby the batch of textile can be displaced relatively efficiently.
  • each monitored container can be coupled to its own detection unit, it is generally advantageous to apply one central detection unit to which a plurality of containers are coupled by means of lines.
  • the invention further relates to a detection unit for use in a device according to the invention. Advantages and embodiment variants have already been described at length in the foregoing.
  • the invention further relates to a system for monitoring an industrial process for washing textile, in particular for use in or for co-action with at least one device for industrial washing of textile, comprising: at least one detection element for detecting at least one process parameter related to process water used during the washing process, at least one control unit for processing process parameter values collected by the detection element during at least two washing steps, and at least one database coupled to the control unit for storing information related to the detected process parameter values as well as at least one identification code as cross-reference to the information related to the process parameter values, the identification code being related to the washing process as such and/or the device and/or the batch of textile.
  • the identification code stored during step D) in the at least one database is preferably unique within the database (environment). It is possible to envisage the system being simultaneously coupled to a plurality of devices for industrial washing of textile, and wherein information related to detected process parameter values of a plurality of devices for industrial washing of textile is stored in the at least one (central) database. Further advantages and embodiment variants of the device have already been described at length in the foregoing.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic view of a device for washing textile according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a device 1 for washing a textile batch according to the invention.
  • device 1 comprises 23 connected compartments 2 (or containers) which form as such a washing tunnel.
  • Compartments 1- 5 are adapted to pre-wash the textile batch (wash section I)
  • compartments 6-15 are adapted for main wash of the textile batch (wash section II)
  • compartments 20-22 are adapted to neutralize the textile batch (wash section IV)
  • compartment 23 is adapted to remove water from the batch of textile (wash section V).
  • Compartment 23 is generally placed as separate compartment 23 after the other compartments 1-22, wherein water removal generally takes place by pressing and/or centrifuging.
  • wash sections I-V The direction of transport of a textile batch for washing is indicated by means of arrow A.
  • the textile batch is subjected to five washing steps (prewash, main wash, rinsing, neutralizing and water removal) which together form the washing program for the textile batch. It is otherwise also possible to envisage applying more or fewer containers 2 per washing step.
  • a process water feed and a process water discharge (not shown) as well as a drain conduit 3 for drawing off a process water sample from the relevant wash section I-IV.
  • a process water discharge will generally also be connected to wash section V, and a drain conduit 3 (not shown) can also be connected.
  • the process water sample can be guided via drain conduit 3 and by means of a pump 4 to a detection unit 5 for analysis of the process water sample on the basis of process parameters characteristic for achieving an optimum cleaning of the textile batch.
  • the detection unit comprises for this purpose a measuring chamber 6 for holding the process water sample to which drain conduits 3 are connected, in which measuring chamber 6 are arranged an acidity sensor 7, a redox potential sensor 8 and a conductivity sensor 9.
  • at least one container 2 of each wash section I-V is provided with a temperature sensor 10 for detecting the temperature of process water present in the relevant container.
  • the process parameter values measured by sensors 7, 8, 9, 10 are processed by a control unit 11 and stored in a database 12.
  • a signal can then be generated, for instance by means of a screen 13 and/or by sending a digital message, such as an SMS or e-mail, to a mobile terminal 14.
  • the current progress of the textile batch can also be tracked by means of screen 13, wherein the measured process parameter values can also be displayed (real-time), this giving an indication of the quality of the final cleaning of the textile batch.
  • the exact location of the batch in device 1 can be calculated relatively easily in that the time duration of each washing step is predefined.
  • Relevant process information will be sent periodically, for instance once every 24 hours or even every second, to an external internet server, via which the process information can then be retrieved. Access to the process information can be secured here with a password.
  • the operation of the device 1 shown in figure 1 will be elucidated in further detail hereinbelow.
  • the first three stated values are brought to a desired level using automatically dispensed detergents and chemical additives, wherein the specific operation of the washing tunnel is determined when the programmed quantity of said substances is dosed. Dosage takes place on the basis of a unique identification code given to the batch, which identification code can be stored in database 12 as cross-reference to the measured process parameter values.
  • the water hardness depends on the optionally present softener and on the quality of the intake water.
  • the control software can determine the desired temperature on the basis of the identification code.
  • the residence time is usually the same for each textile batch, this generally depending on the number of containers 2 from which the washing tunnel is assembled.
  • Transmitters in detection unit 5 convert the electrical signals from the sensors to 4-20 mA signals for the purpose of further processing.
  • Detection unit 5 further comprises a sensor (not shown) for measuring the process water hardness.
  • control 11 which type of batch will be guided through device 1 is determined in advance. Also determined in advance is how often a batch has to be sampled during the day. Different electrical signals generated by the control of device 1 are input into control 11 , such as:
  • the system reads by means of a unique identification code which batch is suspended above a loading funnel (not shown).
  • a loading funnel not shown.
  • the measurement cycle is started at the moment the batch is loaded into the first container 2. From signals coming from the control of the washing tunnel it is possible to determine via control 11 when the textile batch for measuring has reached the first container 2 in which a process water sample has to be taken and measured, after which the following actions are initiated
  • control unit 11 sequentially by control unit 11 :
  • sample conduit 3 to the compartment is blown empty, whereby possible residue of the previous sample is removed and a possible blocking in the connection of sample conduit 3 to container 2 is removed;
  • measuring chamber 6 is emptied to the sewer
  • the water sample is pumped to measuring chamber 6 with a hose pump 4 coupled to container 2;
  • the sensors 7, 8, 9 present in measuring chamber 6 receive the measurement values
  • the measurement values are stored in the memory of control unit 11 and/or database 12;
  • measuring chamber 6 is emptied to the sewer
  • measuring chamber 6 is filled with clean water via built-in nozzles in order to prevent sensors 7, 8, 9 drying out;
  • measuring chamber 6 is flushed clean so as not to influence a subsequent measurement and to counter bacterial growth from the process water sample.
  • a number of sprayers are mounted in a cover of measuring chamber 6 with a relatively large spray range for complete flushing of measuring chamber 6.
  • an electrically operated water valve 16 opens which provides the mounted sprayers with water. Owing to the large spray range the part of measuring chamber 6 which comes into contact with the process water sample to be measured, including measuring sensors 7, 8, 9, is flushed clean. Because discharge valve 15 is not yet closed, this flushing water with contaminants is drained to the sewer. After 8 to 10 seconds the measuring chamber 6 is flushed clean and discharge valve 15 closes. In order to protect the sensors 7, 8, 9 that are present, water valve 16 remains open until measuring chamber 6 is filled with clean water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)

Abstract

Le lavage de textiles est une industrie de service qui permet de pouvoir réutiliser des textiles de manière attrayante et hygiénique. La présente invention concerne un procédé amélioré pour laver des textiles. La présente invention concerne également un dispositif pour laver des textiles, en particulier par utilisation du procédé selon l'invention.
PCT/NL2011/050587 2010-08-27 2011-08-29 Procédé et dispositif de lavage industriel de textiles WO2012026821A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11751669.0A EP2496751B1 (fr) 2010-08-27 2011-08-29 Procédé et dispositif de lavage industriel de textiles
DK11751669.0T DK2496751T3 (da) 2010-08-27 2011-08-29 Fremgangsmåde og indretning til industriel vask af tekstil

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2005282 2010-08-27
NL2005282A NL2005282C2 (nl) 2010-08-27 2010-08-27 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het wassen van textiel.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012026821A1 true WO2012026821A1 (fr) 2012-03-01

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ID=43778437

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2011/050587 WO2012026821A1 (fr) 2010-08-27 2011-08-29 Procédé et dispositif de lavage industriel de textiles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2496751B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2496751T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE055932T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL2005282C2 (fr)
PT (1) PT2496751T (fr)
WO (1) WO2012026821A1 (fr)

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JP2016087156A (ja) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-23 株式会社東京洗染機械製作所 スクリューコンベア式濯ぎ脱水装置
EP3575473A1 (fr) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-04 Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH Procédé de traitement humide des vêtements regroupés à partir de lots de vêtements
US11225746B2 (en) 2018-08-27 2022-01-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. System and technique for extracting particulate-containing liquid samples without filtration
EP4074878A1 (fr) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-19 Oy Christeyns Nordic Ab Procédé de lavage de textiles en machine

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JP2016087156A (ja) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-23 株式会社東京洗染機械製作所 スクリューコンベア式濯ぎ脱水装置
EP3575473A1 (fr) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-04 Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH Procédé de traitement humide des vêtements regroupés à partir de lots de vêtements
EP3575473B1 (fr) 2018-06-01 2021-03-10 Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH Procédé de traitement humide des vêtements regroupés à partir de lots de vêtements
US11225746B2 (en) 2018-08-27 2022-01-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. System and technique for extracting particulate-containing liquid samples without filtration
US11739460B2 (en) 2018-08-27 2023-08-29 Ecolab Usa Inc. System and technique for extracting particulate-containing liquid samples without filtration
EP4074878A1 (fr) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-19 Oy Christeyns Nordic Ab Procédé de lavage de textiles en machine

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EP2496751A1 (fr) 2012-09-12
HUE055932T2 (hu) 2022-01-28

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