WO2012025065A1 - 成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置及刚度分布检测方法 - Google Patents

成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置及刚度分布检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012025065A1
WO2012025065A1 PCT/CN2011/079018 CN2011079018W WO2012025065A1 WO 2012025065 A1 WO2012025065 A1 WO 2012025065A1 CN 2011079018 W CN2011079018 W CN 2011079018W WO 2012025065 A1 WO2012025065 A1 WO 2012025065A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
axis assembly
assembly
load
machine
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PCT/CN2011/079018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄玉美
刘耀
高峰
张莉
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西安理工大学
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Application filed by 西安理工大学 filed Critical 西安理工大学
Priority to US13/811,221 priority Critical patent/US9016986B2/en
Publication of WO2012025065A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012025065A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
    • B23F1/02—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/10—Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
    • B23F5/04—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding the tool being a grinding worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/02—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by grinding
    • B23F9/025—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by grinding with a face-mill-type, i.e. cup-shaped, grinding wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/103816—Milling with radial faced tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/103816—Milling with radial faced tool
    • Y10T409/103975—Process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/103816—Milling with radial faced tool
    • Y10T409/104134—Adapted to cut bevel gear
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/103816—Milling with radial faced tool
    • Y10T409/104134—Adapted to cut bevel gear
    • Y10T409/104293—Adapted to cut bevel gear with means to continuously rotate work and means to co-form all teeth of gear
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/103816—Milling with radial faced tool
    • Y10T409/104134—Adapted to cut bevel gear
    • Y10T409/104452—Bevel gear having nonparallel opposing tooth flanks

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical detection, belongs to a static rigidity detecting technology of a numerically controlled machine tool under different simulated loading conditions in a processing working space, and relates to a displacement grinding simulation device for a forming grinding wheel grinding machine, and the invention also relates to a forming using a molding device The static stiffness distribution detection method for the displacement simulation of the grinding wheel grinding machine.
  • the static stiffness of the machine changes.
  • the static stiffness variation of different machining positions can be described by the stiffness distribution.
  • the static stiffness and static stiffness distribution directly affect the machining accuracy and affect the vibration characteristics of the machine tool.
  • the workpiece machining surface is formed by the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece.
  • the surface formation principle is divided into the trajectory method, the forming method, the tangent method, and the fan forming method.
  • the forming principle of the machined surface is different.
  • the machine has different motion functions.
  • the gear grinding machine for grinding the gear the surface forming principle of the CNC forming grinding wheel grinding machine is the forming method.
  • the shape of the grinding wheel is the same as the shape of the gear groove of the gear.
  • the surface forming principle of the CNC worm wheel grinding machine is the Fan Cheng method, and the shape of the grinding wheel is the worm shape.
  • Different types of CNC machine tools, the load nature of the tool and the workpiece at the machining point, the variation of the load at different machining positions and the ratio between the loads in all directions are different, so various CNC machine tool simulation loading devices and corresponding The detection method is different.
  • the surface forming principle of the CNC forming grinding wheel grinding machine is a molding method, which is different from the trajectory method of the general CNC lathe and the machining center, and the surface forming principle of the tangential method, and is different from the other gear processing machines that the Fan Cheng method processes the gear, so the simulation loading device And the corresponding detection method is different from the traditional method.
  • the static stiffness test of the machine tool uses the simulated load instead of the machining load.
  • the position of the Z, X and C axis components changes with the position of the machining points of the Z, X and C axes during machining.
  • the change, so the static stiffness on one side of the spindle and on the side of the table will change as the position of the workpiece is changed.
  • the existing static stiffness detecting device and detecting method at home and abroad can only detect the static stiffness of a certain position, and cannot detect the static stiffness distribution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a displacement grinding simulation device for a forming grinding wheel grinding machine, which solves the problem that the forming grinding wheel grinding machine of the prior art cannot detect the static stiffness distribution.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a static stiffness distribution detecting method using a simulated grinding wheel gear grinding machine to simulate displacement loading.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention is a displacement grinding device for a forming grinding wheel grinding machine, comprising a loaded test piece arranged on a forming grinding wheel grinding machine and a loading component for simulating loading, the forming grinding wheel grinding tooth
  • the structure of the machine includes a C-axis assembly and an X-axis assembly disposed on the bed body, and a Z-axis assembly, an A-axis assembly, and a Y-axis assembly that are sequentially mounted toward the C-axis assembly on a horizontal mounting axis of the upper portion of the upper portion of the X-axis assembly. , spindle components.
  • the loading assembly is configured to coaxially fit a connecting member, a ring body and a gland on an outer circumference of the main shaft of the main shaft assembly, the connecting member is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the connecting member is fixedly connected with the ring body and the gland.
  • a radial hole is formed in the ring body, and the radial hole is provided with a lower gasket, a force sensor, an upper gasket, a ball seat and a steel ball in the diametrical direction. The upper part of the ball seat is limited in contact with the ring body.
  • the cover, the limit cover is fixedly connected with the ring body, the steel ball is placed in the ball seat and the ball cover and exposed from the ball cover, the ball cover and the ball seat are fixedly connected, the axis line L of the ball seat and the X axis of the Y-axis assembly Installed at an angle of ⁇ .
  • the bearing surface and the mounting surface of the loaded test piece are flat, and the mounting surface of the loaded test piece is mounted on the work table of the C-axis assembly.
  • the angle between the mounting surface and the Y coordinate of the machine coordinate system is ⁇ , and the surface of the loaded test surface is The angle between the normal and the machine coordinate system in the X direction is ⁇ .
  • Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is a static stiffness distribution detecting method using a displacement grinding gear of a forming grinding wheel, which relies on a displacement simulation loading device, and the structure thereof is:
  • the invention comprises a loaded test piece disposed on a forming grinding wheel gear grinding machine and a loading component for simulating loading, wherein the forming grinding wheel grinding machine is configured to include a C-axis assembly and an X-axis assembly disposed on the bed body and The Z-axis assembly, the A-axis assembly, the Y-axis assembly, and the spindle assembly are sequentially mounted on the horizontal mounting axis of the upper portion of the column of the X-axis assembly toward the C-axis assembly.
  • the loading assembly is configured to coaxially fit a connecting member, a ring body and a gland on an outer circumference of the main shaft of the main shaft assembly, the connecting member is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the connecting member, the ring body and the gland are fixedly connected.
  • a radial hole is formed in the ring body, and the radial hole is provided with a lower gasket, a force sensor, an upper gasket, a ball seat and a steel ball in the diametrical direction. The upper part of the ball seat is limited in contact with the ring body.
  • the cover, the limit cover is fixedly connected with the ring body, the steel ball is placed in the ball seat and the ball cover and exposed from the ball cover, the ball cover and the ball seat are fixedly connected, the axis line L of the ball seat and the X axis of the Y-axis assembly
  • the direction is installed at an angle of ⁇ , and a plurality of displacement sensors are mounted on the main shaft, the main shaft box body and the C-axis assembly; the load-bearing surface and the mounting surface of the loaded test piece are flat, and the mounting surface of the loaded test piece is installed at C
  • the angle between the mounting surface and the Y coordinate of the machine coordinate system is ⁇
  • the normal angle of the loaded surface is ⁇ with the X direction of the machine coordinate system.
  • the method utilizes the above described apparatus and is implemented as follows:
  • Step 1 Determine the angle ⁇ according to the ratio of the simulated Z-direction grinding force to the X-direction grinding force; determine the angle ⁇ according to the ratio of the simulated Z-direction grinding force to the Y-direction grinding force.
  • Step 2 Install the loading component on the main shaft of the spindle assembly, and adjust the A-axis assembly so that the Y-axis of the Y-axis assembly is at an angle ⁇ to the Y direction of the machine coordinate system.
  • Step 3 Fix the loaded test piece on the C-axis assembly of the machine tool so that the angle between the mounting surface and the Y-direction of the machine coordinate system is ⁇ , and the normal angle of the loaded surface is in the X direction of the machine coordinate system. ⁇ ; adjust the C-axis assembly so that the normal of the load-bearing surface coincides with the direction of the axis L of the ball seat.
  • Step 4 Fit the Z-axis assembly, the Y-axis assembly, and the X-axis assembly, and move the loading assembly to the first loading position of the pre-set loaded test piece by the cooperative movement of the Z, Y, and X axes to make the steel ball Contact with the loaded surface of the loaded test piece; then, through the fine adjustment of the Z, Y, and X axes, apply a simulated load to the loaded test piece, and detect the displacement amount of each part through each displacement sensor, and at the same time, through the load component The force sensor detects the simulated load and calculates the stiffness value under the simulated load of the loading position.
  • Step 5 and then re-adjust the Z-axis assembly, the Y-axis assembly, and the X-axis assembly, and then move the loading assembly to the next loading position of the loaded test piece by the movement of the Z, Y, and X axes, and also detect the new one.
  • the stiffness value of the loading position is repeated in sequence, and the loading position is continuously changed to obtain the required stiffness distribution under the simulated load.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the forming grinding wheel grinding machine can automatically simulate displacement loading, realize static stiffness distribution detection, has simple structure and is easy to operate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of various movement directions of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view showing the load-bearing component of the device of the present invention and the load-bearing surface a of the loaded test piece;
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural view showing the mounting surface b of the loading assembly and the loaded test piece in the apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a load bearing assembly of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a grinding wheel gear grinding machine used in the apparatus of the present invention, comprising a C-axis assembly 1 and an X-axis assembly 3 disposed on a bed 2 and an upper section of an X-axis assembly 3
  • the Z-axis assembly 4, the A-axis assembly 5, the Y-axis assembly 6, and the spindle assembly 7 are sequentially mounted on the horizontal mounting axis toward the direction of the C-axis assembly 1.
  • the X-axis assembly 3, the Z-axis assembly 4, the A-axis assembly 5, and the Y-axis assembly 6 are all CNC servo axes, which are respectively connected to the machine numerical control device.
  • each component is: X direction, Y direction, Z direction is a fixed machine coordinate system, X axis assembly 3 completes the left and right horizontal straight cut motion in the X direction, and the Z axis assembly 4 completes the up and down straight feed motion in the Z direction.
  • the A-axis assembly 5 drives the Y-axis assembly 6 to realize the A-turn adjustment movement of the Y-axis assembly 6 around the X-axis, and the Y-axis assembly 6 drives the spindle assembly 7 to realize the forward and backward linear adjustment movement along the Y-axis, and the A-axis assembly 5 around the X-axis.
  • the Y axis of the Y-axis assembly 6 is at an angle ⁇ to the Y direction of the machine coordinate system, the angle ⁇ is equal to the helix angle of the helical gear being machined, and ⁇ is 0 when the spur gear is machined, and the grinding wheel spindle in the spindle assembly 7 Parallel to the Y-axis of the Y-axis assembly 6, the grinding wheel spindle realizes n-turn motion around the Y-axis, which is a cutting motion and does not participate in surface formation; the C-axis assembly 1 completes the indexing motion and the rotary feed motion of the C-turn of the workpiece around the Z-axis.
  • the Z, X, C, A, and Y directions are all CNC servo axis motions, all driven by servo motors.
  • the end effectors that are the carrying objects are the spindle assembly 7 and the table in the C-axis assembly 1.
  • the forming grinding wheel is mounted on the spindle assembly 7 to complete the X, Z, A, Y, and n axes movement; the workpiece is mounted on the table (the work table is a part of the C axis assembly 1), and the C axis movement is completed.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the forming grinding wheel matches the shape of the cogging section of the gear to be machined, and the cross-sectional shape of the forming grinding wheel is copied onto the workpiece by machining.
  • the invention adopts the simulated load instead of the processing load of the forming grinding wheel grinding machine, that is, the mounting component is used instead of the forming grinding wheel to be fixedly mounted on the machine tool spindle, and the loaded test piece is used to replace the gear workpiece and is fixedly mounted on the working table of the C-axis assembly.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises a loaded test piece 25 disposed on a forming wheel grinding machine and a load carrying assembly for simulated loading, a load bearing surface a and a mounting surface of the loaded test piece 25.
  • b is a plane, and the angle between the two is inclined (90°- ⁇ ).
  • the mounting surface b of the loaded test piece 25 is mounted on the table of the C-axis assembly 1, and the mounting surface b is clamped with the Y-direction of the machine coordinate system.
  • the angle is ⁇ , and the normal angle of the bearing surface a is at an angle ⁇ with the X direction of the machine coordinate system;
  • the structure of the loading assembly is that the connecting member 10 is fixedly mounted on the main shaft 24 of the spindle assembly 7, and the connecting member 10 is
  • the ring body 15 and the gland 11 are coaxially arranged on the outer circumference, and the connecting member 10 is fixedly connected with the ring body 15 and the gland 11 by long bolts.
  • the ring body 15 is provided with a radial hole, and the radial hole has a diameter along the diameter.
  • the lower gasket 12, the force sensor 13, the upper gasket 14, the ball seat 17, and the steel ball 19 are disposed in the outward direction, and the upper portion of the ball seat 17 is provided with a limit cover 16 at the contact portion of the ring body 15, and the limit cover 16 is
  • the ring body 15 is fixedly connected, the limit cover 16 limits the ball seat 17, the steel ball 19 is placed in the ball seat 17 and the ball cover 18 and exposed from the ball cover 18, and the ball cover 18 and the ball seat 17 are fixedly connected.
  • the ball seat 17 the ball 18 by a ball cap 19 firmly set.
  • a main shaft front bearing 23 is disposed between the main shaft 24 and the main shaft box body 22, and a bearing cover 21 is mounted on the outer side of the main shaft front bearing 23.
  • the bearing cover 21 and the main head case 22 are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts, and the two rhombic positioning pins 20 are provided.
  • One end of the bearing cover 21 and the main shaft box 22 are sequentially fixedly connected, and the other ends of the two rhombic positioning pins 20 are fitted with the pin holes of the connecting member 10, and the connecting member 10 and the main shaft 24 are oriented by the two rhombic positioning pins 20.
  • the shaft line L of the ball seat 17 is mounted at an angle ⁇ with the X axis of the Y-axis assembly 6.
  • the static stiffness distribution detecting method of the present invention is implemented by the following steps using the above-described shaped grinding wheel gear grinding displacement simulation loading device:
  • Step 1 Determine the angle ⁇ according to the ratio of the simulated Z-direction grinding force to the X-direction grinding force; determine the angle ⁇ according to the ratio of the simulated Z-direction grinding force to the Y-direction grinding force, when the simulation is straight ⁇ is 0 when the gear is machined.
  • Step 2 Mount the loading assembly on the main shaft 24 of the spindle assembly 7, and adjust the A-axis assembly 5 so that the Y-axis of the Y-axis assembly 6 is at an angle ⁇ to the Y direction of the machine coordinate system (the X coordinate of the adjusted Y-axis assembly 6) Still consistent with the X coordinate direction of the machine).
  • Step 3 The loaded test piece 25 is fixedly mounted on the C-axis assembly 1 of the machine tool, so that the angle between the mounting surface b and the Y coordinate system of the machine tool is ⁇ , and the normal line of the load surface a and the X direction of the machine coordinate system are clamped.
  • the angle is ⁇ ; the C-axis assembly 1 is adjusted such that the normal line of the load-bearing surface a coincides with the direction of the axis L of the ball seat 17.
  • Step 4 moving the loading assembly to the first loading position of the pre-set loaded test piece 25 by the cooperative movement of the Z, Y, and X axes, so that the steel ball 19 is in contact with the loaded surface of the loaded test piece 25; Then, through the fine adjustment of the Z, Y, and X axes, a simulated load is applied to the loaded test piece 25, and the displacement amount is detected by each displacement sensor. At the same time, the simulated load is detected by the force sensor 13 in the load carrying component, and the displacement sensor is detected. The detection data of the force sensor 13 is collected by the machine numerical control device, and the stiffness value under the simulated load of the loading position is calculated.
  • Step 5 moving the loading assembly to the next loading position of the loaded test piece 25 by the movement of the Z, Y, and X axes, and also detecting the stiffness value of the new loading position, repeating the above process in sequence, and continuously changing the loading. Position, you can get the stiffness distribution under the required simulated load.

Description

成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置及刚度分布检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于机械检测技术领域，属于对于加工作业空间内的不同位置模拟加载条件下的数控机床静刚度检测技术，涉及一种成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，本发明还涉及一种利用成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载的静刚度分布检测方法。
 背景技术
在机床加工作业空间内，随着加工点位置的变化使机床构件承载位置及载荷大小（载荷包括力和力矩）发生变化，机床静刚度发生变化。不同加工位置的静刚度变化可以用刚度分布描述，静刚度的大小及静刚度分布直接影响加工精度，同时影响机床的振动特性。
工件加工表面是通过刀具与工件之间的相对运动而形成的，表面形成原理分为轨迹法、成型法、相切法、范成法。加工表面形成原理不同，机床具备的运动功能不同，例如对齿轮进行磨削加工的磨齿机，数控成型砂轮磨齿机的表面形成原理是成型法，砂轮的形状与齿轮的齿槽形状相同，而数控蜗杆砂轮磨齿机的表面形成原理是范成法，砂轮的形状是蜗杆形状。不同类型的数控机床，刀具与工件之间在加工点所承受的载荷性质、不同加工位置载荷的变化规律及各个方向的载荷之间的比例均不同，因此各种数控机床模拟加载装置及对应的检测方法不同。
数控成型砂轮磨齿机的表面形成原理是成型法，与一般数控车床及加工中心的轨迹法、相切法的表面形成原理不同，与范成法加工齿轮的其他齿轮加工机床也不同，因此模拟加载装置及对应的检测方法与传统的方法不同。
机床静刚度试验是采用模拟载荷代替切削加工载荷，以数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例，加工时随着Z、X、C轴的运动加工点位置变化，Z、X、C轴组件的位置随之变化，因此主轴一侧和工作台一侧的静刚度都将随着工件加工点位置变化而变化。而国内外现有的静刚度检测装置及检测方法只能检测一个确定位置的静刚度，不能检测静刚度分布情况。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，解决了现有技术中的成型砂轮磨齿机不能检测静刚度分布的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种利用成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载的静刚度分布检测方法。
 技术解决方案
本发明采用的技术方案是，一种成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，包括设置在成型砂轮磨齿机上的受载试件和用于模拟加载的施载组件，所述的成型砂轮磨齿机的结构是，包括在床身上设置的C轴组件和X轴组件以及在X轴组件的立柱上段的水平安装轴线上朝向C轴组件方向依次安装的Z轴组件、A轴组件、Y轴组件、主轴组件。
所述施载组件的结构是，在主轴组件的主轴的外圆周上同轴地套装有连接件、环体和压盖，连接件与主轴固定连接，连接件与环体及压盖固定连接，环体上开有一径向孔，该径向孔中沿直径方向向外依次设置有下垫片、力传感器、上垫片、球座、钢球，球座的上部与环体接触处设置有限位盖，限位盖与环体固定连接，钢球置于球座和球盖中并从球盖露出，球盖和球座固定连接，球座的轴心线L与Y轴组件的X轴成α夹角安装。
受载试件的受载面和安装面为平面，受载试件的安装面安装在C轴组件的工作台上，安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α。
本发明所采用的另一技术方案是，一种利用成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载的静刚度分布检测方法，该方法依赖一种变位模拟加载装置，其结构是：
包括设置在成型砂轮磨齿机上的受载试件和用于模拟加载的施载组件，所述的成型砂轮磨齿机的结构是，包括在床身上设置的C轴组件和X轴组件以及在X轴组件的立柱上段的水平安装轴线上朝向C轴组件方向依次安装的Z轴组件、A轴组件、Y轴组件、主轴组件。
所述施载组件的结构是，在主轴组件的主轴的外圆周上同轴地套装有连接件、环体和压盖，连接件与主轴固定连接，连接件、环体及压盖固定连接，环体上开有一径向孔，该径向孔中沿直径方向向外依次设置有下垫片、力传感器、上垫片、球座、钢球，球座的上部与环体接触处设置有限位盖，限位盖与环体固定连接，钢球置于球座和球盖中并从球盖露出，球盖和球座固定连接，球座的轴心线L与Y轴组件的X轴方向成α夹角安装，在主轴、主轴箱箱体及C轴组件上安装有多个位移传感器；受载试件的受载面和安装面为平面，受载试件的安装面安装在C轴组件的工作台上，安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α。
本方法利用上述的装置，按照以下步骤实施：
步骤1、根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与X向磨削力的比例确定α夹角；根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与Y向磨削力的比例确定θ夹角。
步骤2、将施载组件安装在主轴组件的主轴上，调整A轴组件使Y轴组件的Y轴与机床坐标系的Y方向成角度θ。
步骤3、将受载试件固定安装在机床的C轴组件上，使安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α；调整C轴组件，使受载面的法线与球座的轴心线L方向一致。
步骤4、配合调整Z轴组件、Y轴组件、X轴组件，通过Z、Y、X轴的配合运动将施载组件移动到预先设置的受载试件的第1个加载位置，使钢球与受载试件的受载面接触；再通过Z、Y、X轴的微调，给受载试件施加模拟载荷，通过各个位移传感器检测各处的位移量，同时，通过施载组件中的力传感器检测得到模拟载荷，计算得到该加载位置的模拟载荷下的刚度值。
步骤5、然后重新配合调整Z轴组件、Y轴组件、X轴组件，再通过Z、Y、X轴的运动将施载组件运动到受载试件的下一个加载位置，同样检测得到新的加载位置的刚度值，依次重复上述过程，不断变更加载位置，即得到需要的模拟负载下的刚度分布。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是，利用成型砂轮磨齿机，能够自动变位模拟加载，实现静刚度分布检测，结构简单，容易操作。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的各个运动方向示意图；
图2是本发明装置中的施载组件与受载试件的受载面a的局部结构示意图；
图3是本发明装置中的施载组件与受载试件的安装面b的局部结构示意图；
图4是本发明装置的施载组件剖面示意图。
图中，1.C轴组件，2.床身，3.X轴组件，4. Z轴组件，5. A轴组件，6.Y轴组件，7.主轴组件，10.连接件，11.压盖，12. 下垫片，13. 力传感器，14. 上垫片, 15. 环体，16.限位盖，17.球座，18.球盖，19.钢球，20.菱形定位销，21.轴承盖，22.主轴箱箱体，23.主轴前轴承，24.主轴，25.受载试件，L为球座的轴心线，a为受载试件的受载面，b为受载试件的安装面。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
图1为本发明装置中所用的成型砂轮磨齿机的结构示意图，所述成型砂轮磨齿机包括在床身2上设置的C轴组件1和X轴组件3以及在X轴组件3立柱上段的水平安装轴线上朝向C轴组件1的方向依次安装的Z轴组件4、A轴组件5、Y轴组件6、主轴组件7。C轴组件1 、X轴组件3、Z轴组件4、A轴组件5、Y轴组件6均为数控伺服轴，分别与机床数控装置连接。
各个组件的功能是：X方向、Y方向、Z方向为固定不动的机床坐标系，X轴组件3完成X方向的左右水平直线切入运动，Z轴组件4完成Z方向的上下直线进给运动；A轴组件5带动Y轴组件6实现Y轴组件6绕X轴的A回转调整运动，Y轴组件6带动主轴组件7实现沿Y轴的前后直线调整运动，在A轴组件5绕X轴调整角度θ后，Y轴组件6的Y轴与机床坐标系的Y方向成角度θ，角度θ等于被加工斜齿轮的螺旋角，当加工直齿轮时θ为0，主轴组件7中的砂轮主轴与Y轴组件6的Y轴平行，砂轮主轴绕Y轴实现n回转运动，是切削运动，不参与表面形成；C轴组件1完成工件绕Z轴的C回转的分度运动及回转进给运动，Z、X、C、A、Y方向均为数控伺服轴运动，都由伺服电机传动。作为承载对象的末端执行器为主轴组件7以及C轴组件1中的工作台。成型砂轮安装在主轴组件7上，完成X、Z、A、Y、n轴运动；工件安装在工作台上（工作台为C轴组件1的一部分），完成C轴运动。成型砂轮的截面形状与所要加工的齿轮的齿槽截面形状相配，通过加工将成型砂轮的截面形状复制到工件上。
本发明采用模拟载荷代替成型砂轮磨齿机的加工载荷，即用施载组件代替成型砂轮固定安装在机床主轴上，用受载试件代替齿轮工件固定安装在C轴组件的工作台上。
参照图2、图3、图4，本发明装置包括设置在成型砂轮磨齿机上的受载试件25和用于模拟加载的施载组件，受载试件25的受载面a和安装面b为平面，二者倾斜的夹角均为（90°-α），受载试件25的安装面b安装在C轴组件1的工作台上，安装面b与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面a的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α；施载组件的结构是，在主轴组件7的主轴24上固定套装有连接件10，连接件10的外圆周上同轴地套装有环体15和压盖11，连接件10与环体15及压盖11通过长螺栓固定连接，环体15上开有一径向孔，该径向孔中沿直径方向向外依次设置有下垫片12、力传感器13、上垫片14、球座17、钢球19，球座17的上部与环体15接触处设置有限位盖16，限位盖16与环体15固定连接，限位盖16对球座17进行限位，钢球19置于球座17和球盖18中并从球盖18露出，球盖18和球座17固定连接，球座17通过球盖18将钢球19套装牢靠。
主轴24与主轴箱箱体22之间设置有主轴前轴承23，主轴前轴承23外侧安装有轴承盖21，轴承盖21与主轴箱箱体22通过多个螺栓固定连接，两个菱形定位销20的一端与轴承盖21、主轴箱箱体22依次固定连接，两个菱形定位销20的另一端与连接件10的销孔配合套装，通过两个菱形定位销20使连接件10与主轴24定向，球座17的轴心线L与Y轴组件6的X轴成α夹角安装。
本发明的静刚度分布检测方法，利用上述的成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，按照以下步骤实施：
步骤1、根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与X向磨削力的比例确定α夹角；根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与Y向磨削力的比例确定θ夹角，当模拟直齿轮加工时θ为0。
步骤2、将施载组件安装在主轴组件7的主轴24上，调整A轴组件5使Y轴组件6的Y轴与机床坐标系的Y方向成角度θ（调整后Y轴组件6的X坐标仍与机床X坐标方向一致）。
步骤3、将受载试件25固定安装在机床的C轴组件1上，使安装面b与机床Y坐标系夹角为θ，且受载面a的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α；调整C轴组件1，使受载面a的法线与球座17的轴心线L方向一致。
步骤4、通过Z、Y、X轴的配合运动将施载组件移动到预先设置的受载试件25的第1个加载位置，使钢球19与受载试件25的受载面接触；再通过Z、Y、X轴的微调，给受载试件25施加模拟载荷，通过各个位移传感器检测各处的位移量，同时，通过施载组件中的力传感器13检测得到模拟载荷，位移传感器和力传感器13的检测数据由机床数控装置采集，计算得到该加载位置的模拟载荷下的刚度值。
步骤5、然后再通过Z、Y、X轴的运动将施载组件运动到受载试件25的下一个加载位置，同样检测得到新的加载位置的刚度值，依次重复上述过程，不断变更加载位置，即可得到需要的模拟负载下的刚度分布。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，其特征在于：包括设置在成型砂轮磨齿机上的受载试件（25）和用于模拟加载的施载组件，
    所述的成型砂轮磨齿机的结构是，包括在床身（2）上设置的C轴组件（1）和X轴组件（3）以及在X轴组件（3）的立柱上段的水平安装轴线上朝向C轴组件（1）方向依次安装的Z轴组件（4）、A轴组件（5）、Y轴组件（6）、主轴组件（7）；
    所述施载组件的结构是，在主轴组件（7）的主轴（24）的外圆周上同轴套装有连接件（10）、环体（15）和压盖（11），连接件（10）与主轴（24）固定连接，连接件（10）与环体（15）及压盖（11）固定连接，环体（15）上开有一径向孔，该径向孔中沿直径方向向外依次设置有下垫片（12）、力传感器（13）、上垫片（14）、球座（17）、钢球（19），球座（17）的上部与环体（15）接触处设置有限位盖（16），限位盖（16）与环体（15）固定连接，钢球（19）置于球座（17）和球盖（18）中并从球盖（18）露出，球盖（18）和球座（17）固定连接，球座（17）的轴心线L与Y轴组件（6）的X轴成α夹角安装；
    受载试件（25）的受载面和安装面为平面，受载试件（25）的安装面安装在C轴组件（1）的工作台上，安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，其特征在于：所述的主轴（24）与主轴箱箱体（22）之间设置有主轴前轴承（23），主轴前轴承（23）外侧安装有轴承盖（21），轴承盖（21）与主轴箱箱体（22）通过多个螺栓固定连接，主轴箱箱体（22）、轴承盖（21）通过两个菱形定位销（20）与连接件（10）的销孔套装。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载装置，其特征在于：所述的主轴（24）、主轴箱箱体（22）及C轴组件（1）上安装有多个位移传感器，位移传感器和力传感器（13）的检测数据由机床数控装置采集，C轴组件（1） 、X轴组件（3）、Z轴组件（4）、A轴组件（5）、Y轴组件（6）均为数控伺服轴，分别与机床数控装置连接。
  4. 一种利用成型砂轮磨齿机变位模拟加载的静刚度分布检测方法，其特征在于，该方法依赖一种变位模拟加载装置，其结构是，
    包括设置在成型砂轮磨齿机上的受载试件（25）和用于模拟加载的施载组件，
    所述的成型砂轮磨齿机的结构是，包括在床身（2）上设置的C轴组件（1）和X轴组件（3）以及在X轴组件（3）的立柱上段的水平安装轴线上朝向C轴组件（1）方向依次安装的Z轴组件（4）、A轴组件（5）、Y轴组件（6）、主轴组件（7）；
    所述施载组件的结构是，在主轴组件（7）的主轴（24）的外圆周上同轴地套装有连接件（10）、环体（15）和压盖（11），连接件（10）与主轴（24）通过螺栓固定连接，连接件（10）、环体（15）及压盖（11）通过螺栓固定连接，环体（15）上开有一径向孔，该径向孔中沿直径方向向外依次设置有下垫片（12）、力传感器（13）、上垫片（14）、球座（17）、钢球（19），球座（17）的上部与环体（15）接触处设置有限位盖（16），限位盖（16）与环体（15）固定连接，钢球（19）置于球座（17）和球盖（18）中并从球盖（18）露出，球盖（18）和球座（17）固定连接，球座（17）的轴心线L与Y轴组件（6）的X轴方向成α夹角安装，在主轴（24）、主轴箱箱体（22）及C轴组件（1）上安装有多个位移传感器；受载试件（25）的受载面和安装面为平面，受载试件（25）的安装面安装在C轴组件（1）的工作台上，安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α，
    本方法利用上述的装置，按照以下步骤实施：
    根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与X向磨削力的比例确定α夹角；根据所模拟的Z向磨削力与Y向磨削力的比例确定θ夹角；
    将施载组件安装在主轴组件（7）的主轴（24）上，调整A轴组件（5）使Y轴组件（6）的Y轴与机床坐标系的Y方向成角度θ；
    将受载试件（25）固定安装在机床的C轴组件（1）上，使安装面与机床坐标系的Y方向夹角为θ，且受载面的法线与机床坐标系的X方向夹角为α；调整C轴组件（1），使受载面的法线与球座（17）的轴心线L方向一致；
    配合调整Z轴组件（4）、Y轴组件（6）、X轴组件（3），通过Z、Y、X轴的配合运动将施载组件移动到预先设置的受载试件（25）的第1个加载位置，使钢球（19）与受载试件（25）的受载面接触；再通过Z、Y、X轴的微调，给受载试件（25）施加模拟载荷，通过各个位移传感器检测各处的位移量，同时，通过施载组件中的力传感器（13）检测得到模拟载荷，计算得到该加载位置的模拟载荷下的刚度值；
    然后重新配合调整Z轴组件（4）、Y轴组件（6）、X轴组件（3），再通过Z、Y、X轴的运动将施载组件运动到受载试件（25）的下一个加载位置，同样检测得到新的加载位置的刚度值，依次重复上述过程，不断变更加载位置，即得到需要的模拟负载下的刚度分布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的静刚度分布检测方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤1中，当模拟直齿轮加工时θ为0。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的静刚度分布检测方法，其特征在于：所述的主轴（24）与主轴箱箱体（22）之间设置有主轴前轴承（23），主轴前轴承（23）外侧安装有轴承盖（21），轴承盖（21）与主轴箱箱体（22）通过多个螺栓固定连接，主轴箱箱体（22）、轴承盖（21）通过两个菱形定位销（20）与连接件（10）的销孔套装。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的静刚度分布检测方法，其特征在于：所述的主轴（24）、主轴箱箱体（22）及C轴组件（1）上安装有多个位移传感器，位移传感器和力传感器（13）的检测数据由机床数控装置采集，C轴组件（1） 、X轴组件（3）、Z轴组件（4）、A轴组件（5）、Y轴组件（6）均为数控伺服轴，分别与机床数控装置连接。
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