WO2012023479A1 - 固体燃料、およびその製造方法、製造装置 - Google Patents

固体燃料、およびその製造方法、製造装置 Download PDF

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WO2012023479A1
WO2012023479A1 PCT/JP2011/068324 JP2011068324W WO2012023479A1 WO 2012023479 A1 WO2012023479 A1 WO 2012023479A1 JP 2011068324 W JP2011068324 W JP 2011068324W WO 2012023479 A1 WO2012023479 A1 WO 2012023479A1
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pks
solid fuel
solid
heating
heat
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PCT/JP2011/068324
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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茂也 林
宏 天野
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宇部興産株式会社
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Priority to JP2012529577A priority Critical patent/JP5741585B2/ja
Priority to CN201180027939.1A priority patent/CN102959059B/zh
Publication of WO2012023479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012023479A1/ja

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel obtained by heating biomass, a method for producing the same, and a production apparatus.
  • biomass is used as a partial fuel substitute for coal in a coal-fired power plant.
  • pulverization of biomass is necessary to improve combustion efficiency.
  • a coal-fired power plant has a coal crusher that crushes coal, so biomass is crushed together with coal by a coal crusher, and the pulverized biomass and pulverized coal are mixed and burned (co-fired).
  • biomass generally has a high porosity and thus has poor energy transportability, and has a high moisture content, so it has a low thermal energy density and a small calorific value when used as a fuel as it is. For this reason, the biomass is used by drying, crushing and pelletizing the biomass, and carbonizing the biomass.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a method of burning a biomass-based fuel in which carbonized biomass and coal are co-fired.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses the contents of compressing crushed coconut shell and using the coconut shell as a microbial base for garbage treatment instead of fuel.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel which uses palm kernel shell as biomass, is excellent in grindability, is high in calories, and does not generate dust, and a method for producing the solid fuel and its production apparatus.
  • the present inventors have found that low-temperature carbonization treatment of a palm kernel shell can provide a solid fuel that solves the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present invention was made based on the above findings, and is a solid fuel obtained by heating a shell after squeezing a kernel oil from a seed of a fruit of a coconut, wherein the solid carbon is 20 to 60 on an air-dried basis.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing the solid fuel, the step of supplying shells to a heating means after squeezing a kernel oil from seeds of a fruit of an eggplant, and heating the shells in the heating means
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a solid fuel, comprising the steps of: heating to obtain a fuel; and setting the heating temperature in the heating to 240 to 350 ° C.
  • the present invention is also an apparatus for producing a solid fuel, wherein solid fuel is obtained from shells after squeezing nuclear oil from seeds of a fruit of an eggplant, and the heating means for heating the shells to obtain the solid fuel, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid fuel manufacturing apparatus characterized in that the heating means is provided with a feeding means for feeding the shell, and the heating temperature in the heating means is 240 to 350 ° C.
  • a solid fuel which uses palm kernel shell as biomass is easy to be crushed, has a small amount of crushing energy and is high in calories.
  • solid fuel can be obtained which is safe and does not cause environmental pollution.
  • a palm kernel shell may be pressure-compressed and flattened to be used as a fuel as a reference example.
  • FIG. 13 (a) is a 30 ⁇ SEM picture of the fractured surface of PKS before heating
  • FIG. 13 (b) is a SEM picture of 200 ⁇ of the fractured surface of PKS before heating
  • FIG. 13 (b) is a SEM picture of 200 ⁇ of the fractured surface of PKS before heating
  • FIG. 13 (c) It is a 1000 times SEM photograph of the fractured surface of PKS before heating.
  • FIG. 14 (a) is a 30 ⁇ SEM picture of the fractured surface of PKS heat-treated at 300 ° C.
  • FIG. 14 (b) is a 200 ⁇ SEM photograph of the fractured surface of PKS heat-treated at 300 ° C.
  • FIG. 14 (c) is a SEM photograph at 1000 times the fracture surface of PKS heat-treated at 300 ° C.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention will be described based on its preferred production method.
  • the “shell after oiling a kernel oil from seeds of a fruit of a coconut palm” used as biomass in the present invention is referred to as palm kernel shell (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PKS).
  • PKS preferably has a water content of 40% by mass or less, and more preferably a water content of 15% by mass or less.
  • the heat treatment of the PKS is carried out at a temperature of 220 to 400 ° C., preferably 240 to 350 ° C., more preferably 296 to 350 ° C., particularly preferably 300 to 300 ° C. in a state where supply of air is restricted or shut off or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the temperature referred to in the present invention means the temperature of the heat-treated solid.
  • low temperature carbonization refers to thermal decomposition of an organic solid performed in a reducing atmosphere at 400 ° C. or less.
  • the reducing atmosphere refers to a state in which the supply of air is restricted or shut off or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the oxygen concentration in the reducing atmosphere is preferably 5% by volume or less.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is less than 220 ° C., the crushability is improved as compared to the case where low temperature carbonization is not performed.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment exceeds 350 ° C., the solid yield after the heat treatment is small, and the energy loss at the heat treatment tends to be large.
  • the temperature is 296 ° C. or more, the crushability is significantly improved.
  • the heating device used for the heat treatment may be a heating device conventionally used for carbonization treatment of biomass, and may be an internal heating type, an external heating type, a batch type or a continuous type. Specifically, for example, an internal heating rotary kiln, an external heating rotary kiln, a moving bed heating apparatus, a packed bed heating apparatus and the like can be mentioned.
  • the temperature raising rate is not particularly limited, but it is usually from 1 to 10 ° C./minute, preferably from 1 to 5 ° C./minute, from the ambient temperature to the desired heating temperature.
  • the heat treatment time is preferably within 90 minutes, more preferably within 50 minutes, after reaching a temperature of 220 to 400 ° C. If the heat treatment time is too long, the solid yield after heat treatment decreases and the heat energy recovery rate to solid decreases, so the temperature rise rate and heat treatment time are appropriately determined according to the desired properties of the solid fuel. Do.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention as a heat-treated solid and the first gas as a gas component are obtained.
  • the first gas contains tar and volatile matter. Therefore, also from the viewpoint of suppression of energy loss, after the first gas is discharged from the heating device, the first gas is supplied to the combustion device to burn tar and volatile matter in the first gas, and After obtaining the second gas, it is preferable to return the second gas to the heating device and recover it as part of the energy for the heat treatment of the PKS.
  • the combustion temperature of the first gas in the combustion apparatus is preferably 500 to 1,200 ° C., more preferably 850 to 1,000 ° C.
  • the combustion apparatus for burning the first gas is not particularly limited as long as it can burn tar or volatile matter in the first gas, and it is usually a refractory-lined gas combustion furnace or the like.
  • the first gas may be burned together with the solid fuel of the present invention by the “heat utilization facility using the solid fuel of the present invention” described later.
  • the first gas can also be cooled to separate the tar.
  • the properties of the solid fuel of the present invention obtained by the above-described PKS heat treatment will be described.
  • the fixed carbon of the solid fuel is 25 to 60% by mass, preferably 35 to 60% by mass, more preferably 45 to 55% by mass on an air-dry basis.
  • the volatile content is 30 to 66% by mass, preferably 35 to 55% by mass, more preferably 35 to 45% by mass on an air-dry basis.
  • the ash content is 3 to 6% by mass, preferably 3 to 5% by mass on an air-dry basis.
  • the water content is 6% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less.
  • the higher calorific value is 20 to 30 MJ / kg, preferably 24 to 30 MJ / kg, more preferably 25 to 30 MJ / kg on an air-dried basis.
  • the air-dried base means a solid weight measured by the air-dried sample preparation method described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS M 8811.
  • the method of measuring the fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash and water of the solid fuel according to the present invention was based on the method described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS M8812.
  • the high-order calorific value refers to the total calorific value, and the measurement method was according to the method described in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS M8814.
  • the volatile matter contained in the solid fuel is partially aromatic or the like.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention is substantially equivalent to the particle size of raw PKS by the above-mentioned heat treatment of PKS, and is not pulverized. Therefore, when transporting solid fuel after low temperature carbonization, there is no contamination around the area due to dusting.
  • the average particle size of raw PKS is usually about 5 mm, and the average particle size of the solid fuel of the present invention is also about 5 mm.
  • the average particle diameter referred to in the present invention means a median diameter, and can be obtained by the particle size test method described in JIS M8801.
  • the solid fuel obtained by the heat treatment of the present invention has improved crushability compared to that before the heat treatment.
  • the WI equivalent number of the solid fuel obtained by the present invention is 0.7 to 2.5.
  • the solid fuel is evaluated as having the same degree of grindability as coal because the WI equivalent number is 1.0 to 2.0.
  • the WI equivalent number refers to a relative evaluation of the grindability, and can be obtained by measurement of an initial grinding rate using a ball mill. It indicates that the smaller the value of the WI equivalent number, the easier the pulverization (described later).
  • the solid fuel obtained in the present invention has a HGI equivalent number of 16 to 25, is a solid maintaining an appropriate hardness, and has no dusting property.
  • the HGI equivalent number refers to the grindability index obtained by the measurement method similar to HGI described in JIS M8801, and is determined by the degree of grinding at a constant rotation number using a ball mill. The larger the value of the HGI equivalent number, the easier the pulverization is shown (described later).
  • the equivalent WI number is 2.5 or less, and the equivalent HGI number is preferably 15 or more, particularly preferably 16 or more, from the viewpoint of the required power for pulverizing solid fuel. The details of the evaluation method of the WI equivalent number and the HGI equivalent number will be described in more detail in the following examples.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention is used as an energy source of heat utilization equipment by supplying it to the heat utilization equipment and burning it.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention is preferably supplied to a heat utilization facility and burned as a partial replacement fuel for coal.
  • the heat utilization equipment in which the solid fuel of the present invention is used is not limited, and the existing heat utilization equipment can be used, for example, pulverized coal firing boiler, rotary kiln of cement clinker production equipment, cement clinker A calcining furnace for manufacturing equipment, a coke furnace for iron making equipment, a blast furnace, etc. may be mentioned, and among them, a pulverized coal burning boiler, a rotary kiln for cement clinker manufacturing equipment, a calcining furnace and the like are preferable.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention may be pulverized and then supplied to the heat utilization facility from the viewpoint of improving combustion efficiency and the like.
  • the degree of this pulverization depends on the heat utilization equipment to which the solid fuel is supplied, but usually, it is preferable to pulverize so that the average particle diameter is 1,000 ⁇ m or less, and pulverize so that the average particle diameter is 750 ⁇ m or less Is more preferable.
  • the solid fuel of the present invention has excellent crushability and can be easily crushed by a vertical roller mill, a tube mill, a hammer mill, a fan type mill, etc., and is also provided in a coal-fired power plant. Can be easily pulverized with the coal. Also, solid fuel can be supplied to a heat utilization facility with coal and burned.
  • the WI equivalent number is a value proportional to the pulverizing power per unit weight of the solid fuel, and the smaller this value is, the smaller the pulverizing power is.
  • the measurement method of WI equivalent number is as follows. Among solids, a 4.75 mm sieve was used as a sample for measurement of equivalent number of WI.
  • This sample of 480 g comprises 43 steel balls having a diameter of 36.5 mm, 67 steel balls having a diameter of 30.2 mm, 10 steel balls having a diameter of 25.4 mm, 71 steel balls having a diameter of 19.1 mm, and a diameter of 15
  • a ball mill containing 94 9 mm steel balls it is ground at a rotation speed of 70 revolutions per minute for 1 minute, 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 10 minutes, and each milled using a standard sieve with an opening of 150 ⁇ m. The weight under the sieve in time was measured, and the mass fraction was calculated.
  • the HGI equivalent number of solid fuel is measured by the following method.
  • the HGI equivalent number is a numerical value for evaluating the grinding ability of solid fuel, and the larger the numerical value, the better the grinding property.
  • the high calorific value was determined according to JIS M8814.
  • the energy immobilization rate was calculated from the solid yield after the heat treatment and the high calorific value of the sample before and after the heat treatment. The larger the value, the larger the energy available as the heat-treated solid.
  • the energy fixation rate was determined by the following equation. In the present invention, from the viewpoint of effective use of energy, the energy fixation rate is considered to be within the allowable range of 65% or more.
  • Example 1 Shells were used after oil extraction of the kernel oil from the seeds of oil palm fruits.
  • the PKS used is a shell of Indonesian oil palm, and the elemental composition is as follows. Carbon (% on anhydrous basis) 52.1 Hydrogen (% on anhydrous basis) 4.8 Nitrogen (% anhydrous basis) 0.4 Total sulfur (% on anhydrous basis) 0.03 Chlorine (% anhydrous basis) 0.007
  • the industrial analysis values are as follows. Moisture (air dry basis%) 9.0 Ash (air dry basis%) 2.4 Volatile matter (air-dry basis%) 70.7 Fixed carbon (air dry basis%) 17.9
  • the HGI equivalent number is 14, and the WI equivalent number is 11.
  • the PKS was dried on the sun to a moisture content of 12% by mass, and used was one having a particle size of 1 to 16 mm and an average particle size of 5 mm.
  • 4 kg of the PKS is placed in a sample case with an inner diameter of 600 mm and a length of 500 mm, and the sample case is attached to an external heating rotary kiln to raise temperature from ambient temperature to 320 ° C. while circulating nitrogen gas as inert gas. Heated at 2 ° C./min.
  • the reference heating temperature was the temperature of the gas phase atmosphere at the center of the axial center of the sample case. In the rotary kiln, the temperature of the gas phase atmosphere is the same as the temperature of the heat-treated solid.
  • Table 1 also shows the moisture content and average particle size of PKS and the heat treatment conditions (heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time) of PKS.
  • Table 1 also shows the physical properties of raw PKS (non-heat-treated solid) before heat treatment.
  • the HGI equivalent number is 24, which is much larger than the raw PKS.
  • the equivalent number of WI was 0.1 times or less of that of raw PKS, and the crushability was improved.
  • the particle size distribution of the heat-treated solid was almost the same as that of the raw PKS, and the low temperature carbonization did not powder the solid particles.
  • Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature of PKS was changed to 240 ° C. in Example 1, and a solid fuel as a heat-treated solid and a first gas were produced.
  • the chemical composition of solid fuel, average particle size, higher calorific value, equivalent number of HGI, equivalent number of WI, moisture content and average particle size of PKS, and heat treatment condition of PKS are shown in Table 1.
  • the HGI equivalent number is 16 and is larger than the raw PKS.
  • the equivalent number of WI was about 0.2 times that of raw PKS, and the crushability was improved.
  • the particle size distribution of the heat-treated solid was almost the same as that of the raw PKS, and the low temperature carbonization did not powder the solid particles.
  • Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature of PKS was changed to 350 ° C. in Example 1, to produce a solid fuel as a heat-treated solid and a first gas.
  • the chemical composition of solid fuel, average particle size, higher calorific value, equivalent number of HGI, equivalent number of WI, moisture content and average particle size of PKS, and heat treatment condition of PKS are shown in Table 1.
  • the HGI equivalent number was 23 and significantly increased from the raw PKS.
  • the WI equivalent number was about 0.1 times that of raw PKS, and the crushability was improved.
  • the particle size distribution of the heat-treated solid was almost the same as that of the raw PKS, and the low temperature carbonization did not powder the solid particles.
  • Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature of PKS in Example 1 was 220 ° C., and a solid fuel as a heat-treated solid and a first gas were produced.
  • the average particle size of the solid fuel, the HGI equivalent number, the water content and average particle size of PKS, and the heat treatment conditions of PKS are shown in Table 1.
  • the HGI equivalent number was 15, and the crushability was slightly improved as compared to the raw PKS.
  • the WI equivalent number was about 3 times that of coal, and the crushability was slightly improved.
  • Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature of PKS was set to 400 ° C. in Example 1, to produce a solid fuel as a heat-treated solid and a first gas.
  • the chemical composition of solid fuel, average particle size, higher calorific value, equivalent number of HGI, equivalent number of WI, moisture content and average particle size of PKS, and heat treatment condition of PKS are shown in Table 1.
  • the grindability was improved for both the HGI equivalent number and the WI equivalent number. However, the energy fixation rate dropped to about 60%.
  • Example 2 the same PKS as used in Example 1 was used as PKS.
  • the heat treatment of PKS or wood waste was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except the heating temperature, unless otherwise indicated.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the results of FT-IR analysis of the heat-treated solid (manufactured by DigiLab, model number: FTS-7000e, single reflection method (using diamond)).
  • FIG. 2 shows the case of PKS and
  • FIG. 3 shows the case of wood waste.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the equivalent number of WI and the heat treatment temperature of the heat-treated solid.
  • Table 3 shows the weight composition of raw PKS before heating, cellulose in raw wood waste (Japanese cypress) and lignin. It can be seen from Table 3 that raw PKS has a high proportion of lignin and a low proportion of cellulose (including hemicellulose) as compared to raw wood waste. Hemicellulose is a fibrous substance which connects celluloses.
  • the heat-treated solid of PKS having a relatively small amount of residual cellulose is superior in grindability to the heat-treated solid of wood waste having a large amount of residual cellulose. It can also be seen from FIG. 4 that the heat-treated solid of PKS has a relatively lower WI equivalent number than that of the heat-treated solid of wood chips, with the exception of a part of the heat-treated solid.
  • raw PKS contains a large proportion of lignin as compared to raw wood waste, so that even in the heat-treated solid, PKS has relatively more residual lignin compared to wood waste. Therefore, the heat-treated solid of PKS is relatively strong compared to the heat-treated solid of wood waste, and is less likely to be pulverized during transportation.
  • FIG. 5 shows the powdering test results of heat-treated solids of PKS and wood waste.
  • the powdering test was carried out by putting 1 kg or more of wood waste and PKS samples of 1 mm or more in a polyethylene bag, dropping 10 kg from a height of 3.1 m, and then measuring the ratio of 1 mm undersize particles. From FIG. 5, it is judged that the heat-treated solid of PKS has less particles of 1 mm or less compared to the heat-treated solid of wood waste at the same temperature, and is hard to be pulverized. Therefore, the heat-treated solid of PKS having a relatively large amount of residual lignin compared to the heat-treated solid of wood waste is less likely to be pulverized during transportation, and is excellent in the handling property.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the particle size of PKS and the undersize integration.
  • the raw PKS, the graph of carbonized goods in each temperature of 290 degreeC, 300 degreeC, 310 degreeC, 320 degreeC, and 330 degreeC is shown. None of the 290.degree. C. to 330.degree. C. carbonized products has a large difference from the raw PKS, indicating that the dusting property is small.
  • H / C and O / C values of PKS heat-treated solid at 300 to 320 ° C. both decrease further than the lignin H / C and O / C values, and coal H / C and O / C Close to the value of.
  • volatiles, fixed carbon, and higher calorific value values in industrial analysis were also close to coal, and PKS heat-treated solid at 300 to 320 ° C. became a fuel close to coal.
  • the values of H / C and O / C in the 300 ° C. heat-treated solid of wood waste were only about the same value as the 240-280 ° C. heat-treated solid of PKS.
  • the carbon content in elemental analysis was also higher in PKS when compared at the same 300 ° C. heat-treated solid. Therefore, when heated at the same temperature, PKS is closer to coal than wood waste and has good characteristics as a fuel.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph which shows the change of the heat processing temperature of PKS and wood chips, and the value of H / C, O / C.
  • the values of H / C and O / C in the PKS heat-treated solid are substantially the same at 240 to 280 ° C., but decrease sharply at 280 to 300 ° C. and do not change significantly at 300 ° C. to 320 ° C. thereafter.
  • the heat-treated solid at 240 ° C. to 280 ° C. for PKS exhibits almost the same H / C and O / C values (region D1), but when the heating temperature rises from 280 ° C. to 300 ° C.
  • the values of / C and O / C sharply decrease and become approximately the same at 300 ° C. and 320 ° C. (region D2).
  • the heat-treated solid of PKS at 300 to 320 ° C. (corresponding to area D2 in FIG. 7) is compared to the heat-treated solid at 240 to 280 ° C. (corresponding to area D1 in FIG. 7).
  • the HGI equivalent number has improved.
  • the region D1 is close to cellulose and hemicellulose, and the region D2 is close to coal. Therefore, it is surmised that PKS becomes closer to coal by heat treatment at 300 to 320 ° C., and the grindability is improved.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show thermogravimetric analysis of PKS, wood waste, and coal (both at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min).
  • FIG. 9 shows a graph in air
  • N 2 : 96% gas (FIG. 10 on an anhydrous basis).
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 it was confirmed that the PKS semi-carbonized product is closer to coal than the wood chip semi-carbonized product and has good combustion characteristics.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of underwater immersion test of PKS
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of underwater immersion test of wood waste.
  • the immersion test in water was conducted by immersing 100 g of a sample in 1 liter of water at room temperature and measuring the change with time of solid moisture.
  • PKS had lower equilibrium water content than wood waste for both the raw material and the heat-treated solid, and was hard to absorb water. Therefore, since the moisture absorbed during storage is also low, PKS has a high amount of heat per unit weight and is excellent in handleability as compared to wood waste.
  • PKS contains more lignin in the raw material than wood waste, and there is more residual lignin even after heating.
  • lignin adheres cellulose to each other and fills the void existing between the cellulose. Therefore, in PKS having a relatively large amount of lignin, there are relatively few voids between celluloses as compared to wood waste. As a result, since the moisture entering between the celluloses decreases when immersed in water, it is presumed that PKS has less equilibrium moisture than wood waste.
  • FIGS. 13 (a) to (c) and FIGS. 14 (a) to (c) are SEM photographs of fractured surfaces of PKS.
  • FIG. 13 shows a broken surface of raw PKS before heating
  • FIG. 14 shows a broken surface of PKS heat-treated solid after heating at 300 ° C.
  • cell walls the main constituent is cellulose
  • irregularities like the raw material before heating can not be confirmed on the fracture surface of the heat-treated solid at 300 ° C.
  • the fractured surface was smooth and uniform. It is presumed that this is because the heat-treated solid has a homogeneous structure mainly composed of lignin as a result of decomposition of cellulose by heating.
  • the heating temperature in the heating step is set to 300 to 330 ° C. This makes it possible to obtain fuel closer to coal.
  • PKS is heated at 240 ° C. to 350 ° C. to obtain a fuel, but heating may be performed if it is suitable as a fuel.
  • PKS may be pressure-compressed to form a flat plate having a thickness of several mm or less. This makes it possible to obtain a biomass-blended fuel that can be mixed and pulverized with coal and has good combustibility.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
PCT/JP2011/068324 2010-08-17 2011-08-10 固体燃料、およびその製造方法、製造装置 WO2012023479A1 (ja)

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US20130199086A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 China Steel Corporation Method for producing a bio-coal
ITRM20120090A1 (it) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-14 Ambiotec Sas Procedimento e dispositivo per la costruzione di tronchetti a base di biomateriale recuperato da scarti vegetali naturali
JP2013204013A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-07 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
JP2014070172A (ja) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-21 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
WO2014087949A1 (ja) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-12 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JP2014201722A (ja) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-27 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 炭化物の製造方法、及び炭化物の品質検査方法
JP2015052159A (ja) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-19 新日鐵住金株式会社 バイオマス炭の製造方法
JP2015078397A (ja) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 新日鐵住金株式会社 焼結鉱の製造方法
JP2015086418A (ja) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 新日鐵住金株式会社 ヤシ核殻炭の製造方法
JP2016043335A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 株式会社トクヤマ パーム椰子種子殻の貯蔵方法
WO2016056608A1 (ja) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-14 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JP2017171938A (ja) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-28 日本製紙株式会社 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
CZ307732B6 (cs) * 2017-11-15 2019-04-03 Mendelova Univerzita V Brně Způsob výroby palivových pelet ze semen révy vinné a zařízení pro výrobu palivových pelet dle tohoto způsobu
JP2020049487A (ja) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-02 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 竪型ミルの粉砕容量評価方法
US11390823B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2022-07-19 Ube Industries, Ltd. Biomass solid fuel
JP7475161B2 (ja) 2020-02-28 2024-04-26 大阪瓦斯株式会社 バイオマスのガス化方法

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Cited By (23)

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US9096810B2 (en) * 2012-02-03 2015-08-04 China Steel Corporation Method for producing a bio-coal
US20130199086A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 China Steel Corporation Method for producing a bio-coal
ITRM20120090A1 (it) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-14 Ambiotec Sas Procedimento e dispositivo per la costruzione di tronchetti a base di biomateriale recuperato da scarti vegetali naturali
JP2013204013A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-07 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
JP2014070172A (ja) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-21 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
US9523056B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2016-12-20 Ube Industries, Ltd. Biomass solid fuel
WO2014087949A1 (ja) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-12 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JPWO2014087949A1 (ja) * 2012-12-05 2017-01-05 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JP2014201722A (ja) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-27 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 炭化物の製造方法、及び炭化物の品質検査方法
JP2015052159A (ja) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-19 新日鐵住金株式会社 バイオマス炭の製造方法
JP2015078397A (ja) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 新日鐵住金株式会社 焼結鉱の製造方法
JP2015086418A (ja) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 新日鐵住金株式会社 ヤシ核殻炭の製造方法
JP2016043335A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 株式会社トクヤマ パーム椰子種子殻の貯蔵方法
WO2016056608A1 (ja) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-14 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JPWO2016056608A1 (ja) * 2014-10-07 2017-07-20 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JP2020090673A (ja) * 2014-10-07 2020-06-11 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
JP2022000527A (ja) * 2014-10-07 2022-01-04 宇部興産株式会社 バイオマス固体燃料
US11390822B2 (en) 2014-10-07 2022-07-19 Ube Industries, Ltd. Biomass solid fuel
US11390823B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2022-07-19 Ube Industries, Ltd. Biomass solid fuel
JP2017171938A (ja) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-28 日本製紙株式会社 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
CZ307732B6 (cs) * 2017-11-15 2019-04-03 Mendelova Univerzita V Brně Způsob výroby palivových pelet ze semen révy vinné a zařízení pro výrobu palivových pelet dle tohoto způsobu
JP2020049487A (ja) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-02 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 竪型ミルの粉砕容量評価方法
JP7475161B2 (ja) 2020-02-28 2024-04-26 大阪瓦斯株式会社 バイオマスのガス化方法

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