WO2012019498A1 - 液压控制回路及方法 - Google Patents
液压控制回路及方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012019498A1 WO2012019498A1 PCT/CN2011/076878 CN2011076878W WO2012019498A1 WO 2012019498 A1 WO2012019498 A1 WO 2012019498A1 CN 2011076878 W CN2011076878 W CN 2011076878W WO 2012019498 A1 WO2012019498 A1 WO 2012019498A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- actuator
- hydraulic
- main
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
- F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
- F15B11/0423—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of hydraulic control, and in particular to a hydraulic control circuit and method. Background technique
- Pressure control in hydraulic systems or hydraulic circuits is often involved in the field of hydraulic control.
- a hydraulic control check valve, a hydraulically controlled directional control valve, a balancing valve, etc. in a hydraulic system the control port is connected with an oil passage (hereinafter referred to as a main oil passage) in the hydraulic system to control the hydraulic control unit Actions on components such as valves, pilot operated directional valves, and balancing valves.
- the pressure of the main oil line is usually affected by other parts of the hydraulic system, so that the operation of the above-mentioned liquid control check valve, hydraulically controlled directional valve, balance valve and the like are undesirably affected.
- the pressure of the main oil passage is controlled by an additional pressure valve (for example, an electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve, etc.), thereby complicating the control methods of the above-mentioned liquid control check valve, hydraulically controlled directional valve, balance valve, and the like. It even increases the complexity of the entire hydraulic system.
- an additional pressure valve for example, an electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve, etc.
- the down load is a common implementation condition.
- the balance valve is used to reduce the speed limit of the heavy object to ensure the safety of the operation process.
- the weight can be lowered according to different speeds under different working conditions, and the balancing valve needs to have an internal control signal or an external control signal for control.
- the electronic control system is limited in application scope due to various reasons such as cost and impact. Therefore, in some constructions where cost control is required and operation requirements are not very strict.
- the hydraulic control system is used. In general, the hydraulic control pilot pressure of the hydraulic system is low, and the output value is single.
- the balance valve has different control pressures for different load conditions. Therefore, the hydraulic control signals of the balance valve are taken from the system itself. Non-pilot control pressure signal.
- the conventional down load hydraulic control circuit usually includes a main valve 8', a balancing valve 9', a hydraulic cylinder 71' and a relief valve 10', and the first working port A8' of the main valve 8' is balanced.
- the valve 9' is connected to, for example, a rodless chamber 71' of the hydraulic cylinder 7'', and the second working port B8' of the main valve 8' is connected to the rod-shaped chamber 712' of the hydraulic cylinder 71', the relief valve 10' and the balancing valve 9'
- the control port 91' is connected to the line between the rod chamber 712' of the hydraulic cylinder 7'' and the second working port B8' of the main valve 8'.
- the main valve 8' operates in the right position, and the system oil supply port P8' flows through the second working oil port B8' to the second chamber 712' of the hydraulic cylinder 71'; the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 71'
- the 71 ⁇ oil passes through the balancing valve 9' and flows back to the tank through the first working port A8' and the return port T8' of the main valve 8'.
- the control pressure of the balancing valve 9' comes from the pressure of the rod chamber 712', that is, the pressure generated by the load, and the highest control pressure is the relief valve 10' Set the pressure value.
- the control pressure is generated by the load and is always affected by the load, and is liable to fluctuate due to changes in the load.
- the relief valve 10' is always in the open state, which requires that the system oil supply flow rate must simultaneously satisfy the lowering of the hydraulic cylinder when the main valve 8' is at different opening degrees. Flow requirements and opening flow requirements for the relief valve 10'. Therefore, the output flow of the conventional down load hydraulic control circuit is large.
- control pressure of the balancing valve 9' is always the opening pressure of the relief valve 10', and since the pressure is guaranteed to be balanced under extreme conditions (such as the top of the hydraulic cylinder to the top end, the pressure of the rodless chamber 71 ⁇ is high at this time)
- the valve 9' can be opened, and the set pressure of the relief valve 10' tends to be relatively high, making the system pressure too high.
- the system pressure is high and the output flow is large, which makes the system output power large, resulting in energy loss.
- the falling speed of the load is determined by the opening degree of the balancing valve 9', and the opening degree of the balancing valve 9' is controlled by the balancing valve 9', the hydraulic pressure
- the pressure of the rodless chamber 71' of the cylinder 71' and the back pressure generated by the oil return port of the main valve 8' (the first working port 8A') are determined.
- the positive opening of the pressure control balance valve 9' is controlled, and the pressure of the rodless chamber 711' and the negative pressure of the back pressure control balance valve 9'.
- the pressure of the rodless chamber 71 ⁇ is affected by the load.
- the back oil must be changed by changing the oil returning capacity of the return port of the main valve 8'. Press to change the opening of the balancing valve 9'.
- the main valve 8' has a certain opening degree and the back pressure is small so that the opening degree of the balancing valve 9' is large, the descending speed is fast; when the back pressure is large, the opening degree of the balancing valve 9' is small, and the descending speed is slow.
- the main valve 8' is designed to have a good matching between the oil inlet and the oil return port, otherwise the load may be unstable.
- the speed regulation characteristic of the balance valve 9' is realized by the back pressure. When the load changes greatly, the back pressure will generate a jitter, causing the opening degree of the balance valve 9' to change, causing the change of the descending speed to make the load drop unstable.
- the present invention is directed to a hydraulic control circuit and a hydraulic control method that overcomes at least some of the above disadvantages existing in the prior art, or at least provides a useful alternative.
- the present invention provides a hydraulic control circuit, wherein the hydraulic control circuit package The main oil circuit, the liquid resistance element and the oil tank are arranged, and the liquid resistance element is connected in series with the oil tank and bypassed on the main oil passage.
- liquid resistance element is a fixed orifice, an adjustable orifice, a pressure reducing valve or a throttle valve.
- main oil passage is connected to a control port of the pilot valve.
- the main oil passage is connected to the control oil port of the hydraulic control valve through the electromagnetic reversing valve.
- the electromagnetic reversing valve is a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve
- the hydraulically controlled reversing valve is a three-position four-way hydraulically controlled reversing valve
- the main oil passage is connected to the three-position four-way The oil inlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve, the two working ports of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve are respectively connected to the two control ports of the three-position four-way hydraulic reversing valve.
- the two working ports of the three-position four-way hydraulically controlled directional control valve are respectively connected to the actuator.
- the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder, and the two working ports of the three-position four-way hydraulic directional control valve are respectively connected to the rodless cavity and the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.
- the actuator is a hydraulic motor, and the two working ports of the three-position four-way hydraulic directional control valve are respectively connected to the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor.
- the hydraulic control circuit further includes a main valve, a balancing valve and an actuator disposed on the main oil passage, and the first working port of the main valve passes the first operation of the balancing valve and the actuator
- the second working port of the main valve is in communication with the second working end of the actuator
- the liquid resisting element is disposed at the second working port of the main valve and the second working element
- a control port of the balance valve is connected to a line between the second working port of the main valve and the liquid resistance element
- the second working end of the actuator is A conduit between the fluid blocking elements is in communication with the fuel tank.
- the hydraulic control circuit further includes a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve, the first one-way valve allowing oil to flow from the second working end of the actuator to the second of the main valve a working port, the second check valve allowing oil to flow from the tank to the second operation of the actuator
- first one-way valve is located on a pipeline between the second working end of the actuator and the second working port of the main valve, and is connected in parallel with the liquid resistance element;
- a one-way valve is located on the line between the fuel tank and the second working end of the actuator and is in series with the fluid resistance element.
- the hydraulic control circuit further includes a relief valve bypassing the line between the second working port of the main valve and the control port of the balancing valve.
- the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder, and the first working end and the second working end of the actuator are respectively a rodless cavity and a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder; or the actuator is a hydraulic motor.
- the first working end and the second working end of the actuator are respectively an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic motor.
- the main valve is a reversing valve.
- liquid resistance element is integrated in the main valve or the balancing valve.
- the present invention also provides a hydraulic control method in which a flow control element can be controlled by controlling a flow rate of the main oil passage by bypassing a liquid resistance element on a main oil passage and bringing the liquid resistance element back to the oil tank. The pressure of the main oil passage.
- main oil passage is used to control a hydraulically controlled check valve or a hydraulically controlled directional control valve.
- the hydraulic control method further includes: providing a main valve, a balancing valve, and an actuator disposed on the main oil passage; causing hydraulic oil in the first working end of the actuator to flow into the valve through the balancing valve a first working port of the main valve; causing a hydraulic pressure flowing from the second working port of the main valve to generate a pressure drop through the liquid resisting element, flowing into the oil tank, and a pressure drop value generated by the liquid resisting element
- the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing out of the second working port of the main valve is proportional; the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the line between the second working port of the main valve and the liquid blocking element is Controlling a pressure of the balancing valve; communicating a second working end of the actuator with the fuel tank; controlling a speed of actuation of the actuator by controlling a flow of hydraulic oil flowing from a second working port of the main valve, and / or controlling the speed of the action of the actuator by adjusting the fluid resistance element.
- the liquid resistance element includes a fixed damping hole, an adjustable damping hole, a pressure reducing valve or a throttling provided on a pipeline between a second working oil port of the main valve and a second working end of the actuator valve.
- the liquid resistance element includes an adjustable orifice or a throttle valve disposed on a pipeline between a second working port of the main valve and a second working end of the actuator to achieve adjustment by
- the flow area of the orifice or the throttle valve is adjustable to control the speed at which the actuator is actuated.
- the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder, and the first working end and the second working end of the actuator are respectively a rodless cavity and a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder; or the actuator is a hydraulic motor.
- the first working end and the second working end of the actuator are respectively an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic motor.
- the method further controls an upper limit of the control pressure of the balancing valve by providing a relief valve between the second working port of the main valve and the control port of the balancing valve.
- the pressure in the main oil passage can be controlled by controlling the flow rate in the main oil passage, so that the pressure in the main oil passage is not easily affected by other parts of the hydraulic system, and there is no need to provide an additional pressure valve.
- the entire hydraulic system is simplified.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional down load hydraulic control circuit
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hydraulic control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic views of a hydraulic control circuit according to still another embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic control circuit in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention. Description of the reference numerals
- the present invention provides a hydraulic control circuit, wherein the hydraulic control circuit includes a main oil circuit 1, a liquid resistance element 2, and a fuel tank 3, and the liquid resistance element 2 and the oil tank 3 Connected in series and bypassed on the main oil passage 1.
- the oil pressure p in the main oil passage 1, the flow passage area A of the liquid resisting member 2, and the oil flow rate in the main oil passage 1 are obtained by the following formula (1):
- Q is the oil flow rate
- C d is the flow coefficient
- A is the flow area of the liquid resistance element 2
- ⁇ ⁇ is the pressure drop generated by the liquid passing through the liquid resistance element 2
- ⁇ is the oil density.
- the oil pressure ⁇ in the main oil passage 1 is equal to the above formula (1). ⁇ ⁇ plus the oil pressure in the tank as a fixed value. It can be concluded from the formula (1) that the oil pressure ⁇ is proportional to the square of the oil flow rate Q, and inversely proportional to the square of the flow area ⁇ of the liquid resistive element 2.
- the oil pressure p in the main oil passage 1 depends on the flow rate 0. gP, the oil pressure p increases proportionally with the increase of the oil flow rate Q.
- the pressure in the main oil passage 1 can be controlled by controlling the flow rate in the main oil passage 1, so that the pressure in the main oil passage 1 is not easily affected by other portions of the hydraulic system, and it is not necessary
- An additional pressure valve is provided to control the pressure in the main line 1, which simplifies the entire hydraulic system.
- the above formula (1) is only a general flow calculation formula.
- the formula (1) can be applied, if selected.
- Different liquid resistance elements for example, when the liquid resistance element is a plurality of series or parallel damping holes or other more complex liquid resistance elements, the specific flow calculation method may also be different, but still can be achieved.
- the purpose of controlling the flow in the main oil passage 1 to control the pressure in the main oil passage 1 is controlled.
- the liquid resistance element 2 may be a fixed orifice, an adjustable orifice, a pressure reducing valve or a throttle valve or the like.
- the liquid resistance element 2 is an adjustable orifice or a throttle valve, thereby adjusting the flow area of the adjustable orifice or the throttle valve by adjusting the flow rate in the main oil passage 1 The pressure in the main oil circuit 1.
- the main oil passage 1 can be connected to various hydraulic components or hydraulic circuits that require control of pressure, thereby controlling the pressure thereof.
- the main oil passage 1 can be connected to the control port 41 of the pilot valve 4 to control the conduction or closing of the pilot valve 4.
- the main oil passage 1 may pass through the control ports 61, 62 of the pilot-operated directional control valve 6 to which the electromagnetic reversing valve 5 is connected. Therefore, the hydraulic oil in the main oil passage 1 serves as the pilot control oil of the pilot-operated directional control valve 6 for controlling the pilot-operated directional control valve 6 to perform the commutation. More specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the electromagnetic reversing valve 5 may be a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve
- the hydraulic reversing valve 6 may be a three-position four-way hydraulically controlled reversing valve.
- the main oil passage 1 is connected to the oil inlet port P5 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and the two working oil ports A5 and B5 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve are respectively connected to the three-position four-way Two control ports 61, 62 of the hydraulically controlled directional control valve.
- the two working ports A6, B6 of the three-position four-way hydraulically controlled directional control valve can be respectively connected to the actuator 7.
- the action of the actuator 7 is further controlled by the commutation of the pilot-operated reversing valve 6, and the speed at which the actuator 7 is actuated can be adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the main oil passage 1.
- the actuator 7 may be a hydraulic cylinder 71, and the two working ports A6, B6 of the three-position four-way hydraulic reversing valve are respectively connected to the rodless chamber 711 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 and There is a rod cavity 712.
- the actuator 7 may be a hydraulic motor 72, and the two working ports A6, B6 of the three-position four-way pilot valve are respectively connected to the oil inlet 721 of the hydraulic motor 72 and Oil outlet 722.
- T5 and ⁇ 6 indicate the oil return port of the electromagnetic directional control valve 5 and the oil return port of the pilot directional control valve 6, respectively.
- Figure 7 shows a hydraulic control circuit providing yet another embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic control circuit comprising a main oil circuit 1, a liquid resistive element 2 and a fuel tank 3, the liquid resistive element 2 and the fuel tank 3 Connected in series and bypassed on the main oil passage 1, the control circuit further includes a main oil passage 1 disposed a main valve 8 , a balancing valve 9 and an actuator 7 , the first working port A8 of the main valve 8 being in communication with the first working end of the actuating element 7 via the balancing valve 9 , the main valve 8
- the second working port B8 is in communication with the second working end of the actuator 7, wherein the liquid resisting element 2 is disposed at the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the third of the actuator 7 a control port 91 of the balance valve 9 is connected to a line between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the liquid resistance element 2, the actuator A line between the second working end of the seventh working end and the liquid-repellent element 2 is in communication with the oil
- the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 (ie, the line between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the liquid resisting element 2 (corresponding to the main oil path 1 in the above hydraulic control circuit)
- the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the ) is generated by the liquid resistive element 2, and the pressure drop value formed by the liquid resistive element 2 is proportional to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing out from the second working port B8 of the main valve 8, ie It is only related to the opening degree of the main valve 8. Therefore, the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is completely unaffected by the load applied to the actuator 7 (for example, the hydraulic cylinder in the background art), and thus is relatively stable.
- control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the main valve 8, without being controlled by adjusting the back pressure, and therefore, the hydraulic control circuit according to the present invention does not require back pressure, thus reducing the system pressure a lot.
- the hysteresis of the balance valve is eliminated. Therefore, the system pressure can be reduced, the oil flow rate can be reduced, and the energy loss can be reduced; and the matching between the oil inlet and the oil return port of the main valve 8 is not too high.
- the actuator 7 may be a hydraulic cylinder 71, and the first working end and the second working end of the actuator 7 are respectively the hydraulic cylinder.
- the rodless chamber 711 of the 71 and the rod chamber 712; or the actuator 7 is a hydraulic motor 72, the first working end and the second working end of the actuator 7 are respectively the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor 72 721 and oil outlet 722.
- the actuator 7 can be a hydraulic cylinder 71, that is, corresponding to the down load hydraulic control circuit described in the background art, the scheme will be described in more detail below by way of example.
- the liquid resistance element 2 may be a fixed orifice, an adjustable orifice, a pressure reducing valve or a throttle valve.
- the liquid resistance element 2 is an adjustable orifice or a throttle valve, so that by adjusting the opening degree of the main valve 8, the flow area of the adjustable orifice or the throttle valve can be adjusted.
- the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is adjusted to adjust the speed of the falling load.
- the liquid resistive element 2 can be mounted as a separate component on the oil passage between the second working port B of the main valve 1 and the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71, the liquid resisting element 2 and also It can be integrated in the main valve 8 or the balancing valve 9.
- the damper hole may be a single damper hole or may be formed by series and/or parallel connection through several damper holes.
- the oil supply of the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 comes directly from the oil tank 3, because the oil in the rodless chamber 711 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 passes through the oil return pipe (ie, through the balance valve 9, the main valve 8 The working port A8 and the return port T8) flow back to the tank 3, so that the system has sufficient oil to be replenished into the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 without generating a negative pressure.
- the oil return pipe ie, through the balance valve 9, the main valve 8
- the working port A8 and the return port T8 flow back to the tank 3, so that the system has sufficient oil to be replenished into the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 without generating a negative pressure.
- the hydraulic control circuit may further include a first check valve 11 and a second check valve 12, the first check valve 11 allowing oil to be rodped from the hydraulic cylinder 71
- the chamber 712 flows to a second working port B8 of the main valve 8, which allows oil to flow from the tank 3 to the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71.
- the first check valve 11 is located on a pipeline between the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 and the second working oil port B8 of the main valve 8, and is connected in parallel with the liquid resistance element 2;
- the second check valve 12 is located on the line between the oil tank 3 and the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71, and is connected in series with the liquid resistance element 2.
- the first check valve 11 can further ensure that the oil in the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71 flows to the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 without flowing directly back to the tank 3 , thus ensuring that other additional functions of the system are not affected.
- the second check valve 12 can further ensure oil supply from the fuel tank 3 to the rod chamber 712 of the hydraulic cylinder 71. Since the oil in the rod chamber 711 flows back to the tank through the return pipe during the load drop, the system has sufficient replenishing effect without generating a negative pressure.
- the hydraulic control circuit may further include a tube bypassing between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the control port 91 of the balancing valve 9. Overflow valve 10 on the road.
- the upper limit value of the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 can be further controlled by the relief valve 10.
- the relief valve 10 can also be omitted.
- the main valve 8 can be selected according to specific conditions.
- the main valve 8 can be a three-position four-way reversing valve.
- pilot operated check valve and the hydraulically controlled directional control valve may also be other hydraulic control components.
- the present invention provides a hydraulic control method in which a liquid resistance element 2 is bypassed on the main oil passage 1 and the liquid resistance element 2 is brought back to the oil tank 3, thereby
- the pressure of the main oil passage 1 can be controlled by controlling the flow rate of the main oil passage 1.
- the pressure in the main oil passage 1 is not easily affected by other parts of the hydraulic system, and there is no need to provide an additional pressure valve to control the pressure in the main oil passage 1. This simplifies the entire hydraulic system.
- the main oil passage 1 can be used to control the pilot operated check valve 4 or the pilot operated pilot valve 6, as described above with reference to Figs. 3 to 6.
- the hydraulic control method may further include: providing a main valve 8, a balancing valve 9, and an actuator 7 disposed on the main oil passage 1, and making the first of the actuator 7
- the hydraulic oil in the working end flows into the first working port A8 of the main valve 8 through the balancing valve 9; the hydraulic oil flowing out from the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 is generated through the liquid-resisting element 2
- the oil tank 3 flows into the tank 3, and the pressure drop value generated by the liquid resisting element 2 is proportional to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing out from the second working port B8 of the main valve 8;
- the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the pipeline between the second working port B8 and the liquid resisting member 2 is used as the control pressure of the balancing valve 9; the second working end of the actuator 7 is communicated with the oil tank 3;
- the speed at which the actuator 7 is actuated is controlled by controlling the flow of hydraulic oil flowing out of the second working port B8 of the main valve 8, and/or
- the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 (ie, the line between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the liquid resisting element 2 (corresponding to the main oil path 1 in the above hydraulic control circuit)
- the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the ) is generated by the liquid resistive element 2, and the pressure drop value formed by the liquid resistive element 2 is proportional to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing out from the second working port B8 of the main valve 8, ie It is only related to the opening degree of the main valve 8. Therefore, the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is completely unaffected by the load applied to the actuator 7 (for example, the hydraulic cylinder in the background art), and thus is relatively stable.
- control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the main valve 8, without being controlled by adjusting the back pressure, and therefore, the hydraulic control circuit according to the present invention does not require back pressure, thus reducing the system pressure a lot.
- the hysteresis of the balance valve is eliminated. Therefore, the system pressure can be reduced, the oil flow rate can be reduced, and the energy loss can be reduced; and the matching between the oil inlet and the oil return port of the main valve 8 is not too high.
- the liquid resistance element 2 in the hydraulic control method provided by the present invention may include the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the second operation of the actuator 7.
- a damper hole, pressure reducing valve or throttle valve is provided on the pipe between the ends.
- the liquid resisting element 2 may also include an adjustable orifice or a throttle valve disposed on a line between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the second working end of the actuator 7 to achieve passage The flow area of the adjustable orifice or throttle is adjusted to control the speed at which the actuator 7 operates. As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
- the actuator 7 may be a hydraulic cylinder 71, and the first working end and the second working end of the actuator 7 are respectively a rodless cavity 711 and a rod of the hydraulic cylinder 71.
- the actuator 712; or the actuator 7 is a hydraulic motor 72.
- the first working end and the second working end of the actuator 7 are the oil inlet 721 and the oil outlet 722 of the hydraulic motor 72, respectively.
- the hydraulic control method according to the present invention can also control the installation by providing an overflow valve 10 between the second working port B8 of the main valve 8 and the control port 91 of the balancing valve 9.
- the upper limit of the control pressure of the balancing valve 9 is described.
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Description
液压控制回路及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及液压控制领域, 具体地, 涉及一种液压控制回路及方法。 背景技术
在液压控制领域经常涉及液压系统或者液压回路中的压力控制。 例如 液压系统中的液控单向阀、 液控换向阀、 平衡阀等, 其控制油口与液压系 统中的某一油路 (以下称为主油路) 连通, 以控制该液控单向阀、 液控换 向阀、 平衡阀等部件的动作。 而主油路的压力通常会受到液压系统中其它 部分的影响, 从而使得上述液控单向阀、 液控换向阀、 平衡阀等部件的动 作不希望地受到影响。 或者该主油路的压力通过额外的压力阀 (例如电磁 比例减压阀等) 来控制, 从而使得上述液控单向阀、 液控换向阀、 平衡阀 等部件的控制方式变得复杂, 乃至增加了整个液压系统的复杂性。
下面以一种下降负载液压控制回路为例来说明现有的液压系统中压力 控制方式存在的缺点。
工程机械中, 下降负载是常见的实施作业工况, 一般均采用平衡阀回 路对重物进行下降限速, 以保证作业过程的安全性。 为保证平衡阀能够调 节,使得重物可以在不同工况时根据不同的速度进行下放, 平衡阀需有内控 信号或外控信号进行控制。 目前应用较多的是电控系统或液控系统, 电控 系统由于成本、 冲击等各方面的原因而在应用范围上受限, 因此, 在一些 需要控制成本且作业要求并不十分严格的施工机械中, 均采用液控系统。 一般液压系统的液控先导控制压力较低, 且输出值单一, 而平衡阀在针对 不同负载工况时, 其控制压力不尽相同, 因此, 平衡阀的液控信号均采自 系统本身, 而非先导控制压力信号。
如图 1所示,传统的下降负载液压控制回路通常包括主阀 8'、平衡阀 9'、 液压缸 71 '和溢流阀 10', 主阀 8'的第一工作油口 A8'通过平衡阀 9'与液压 缸 7Γ的例如无杆腔 71Γ连接, 主阀 8'的第二工作油口 B8'与液压缸 71 '的 有杆腔 712'连接,溢流阀 10'和平衡阀 9'的控制油口 91 '均连接在液压缸 7Γ 的有杆腔 712'与主阀 8'的第二工作油口 B8'之间的管路上。
在负载下降过程中, 主阀 8'工作于右位, 系统供油口 P8'通过第二工作 油口 B8'流向液压缸 71 '的第二腔室 712' ; 液压缸 71 '的无杆腔 71Γ的油通 过平衡阀 9', 再通过主阀 8'的第一工作油口 A8'和回油口 T8'流回油箱。在 此过程中, 平衡阀 9'的控制压力 (图中平衡阀 9'的虚线部分) 来自有杆腔 712'的压力, 即由负载产生的压力, 其最高控制压力为溢流阀 10'的设定压 力值。 因此该控制压力由负载产生, 始终受负载的影响, 容易因负载的变 化而波动。 在实际情况中, 为使控制压力比较稳定, 往往会使溢流阀 10' 始终处于开启状态, 这就要求系统供油流量须同时满足当主阀 8'在不同开 度时液压缸下降过程中的流量要求和溢流阀 10'的开启流量要求。 因此, 该 传统的下降负载液压控制回路的输出流量较大。 并且, 平衡阀 9'的控制压 力始终为溢流阀 10'的开启压力, 且由于为了在极限工况下(如液压缸顶到 最顶端, 此时无杆腔 71Γ的压力很高)保证平衡阀 9'能够打开, 溢流阀 10' 的设定压力往往都比较高, 使得系统压力过高。 系统压力高且输出流量大, 使得系统输出功率大, 造成能量损耗。
此外, 在该传统的下降负载液压控制回路中, 在负载下降过程中, 负 载的下降速度由平衡阀 9'的开度决定, 平衡阀 9'的开度由平衡阀 9'的控制 压力、 液压缸 71 '的无杆腔 71Γ的压力和主阀 8'的回油口 (第一工作油口 8A' )产生的背压来决定。 具体地说, 控制压力控制平衡阀 9'的正开口, 无 杆腔 711 '的压力和背压控制平衡阀 9'的负开口。 无杆腔 71Γ的压力受负载 影响, 在保证平衡阀 9'的控制压力稳定时, 当需要增大或减小下降速度, 须通过改变主阀 8'的回油口的通油能力从而改变背压来改变平衡阀 9'的开 度。 当主阀 8'开度一定, 背压小使平衡阀 9'的开度大时, 下降速度快; 背 压大使平衡阀 9'的开度小时, 下降速度慢。 这样就使得主阀 8'在设计时, 其进油口与回油口须匹配良好, 否则易造成负载下降不稳定。 而且, 平衡 阀 9'的调速特性通过背压来实现, 当负载变化较大时, 背压会产生抖动, 引起平衡阀 9'的开度变化, 造成下降速度变化, 使得负载下降不稳定。 发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种液压控制回路以及液压控制方法, 从而克服现有 中存在的至少一部分上述缺点, 或者至少提供一种有用的可替代方案。 一方面, 本发明了提供一种液压控制回路, 其中, 该液压控制回路包
括主油路、 液阻元件和油箱, 所述液阻元件与所述油箱串联并旁接在所述 主油路上。
进一步地, 所述液阻元件为固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流 阀。
进一步地, 所述主油路连通至液控单向阀的控制油口。
进一步地, 所述主油路通过电磁换向阀连通至液控换向阀的控制油口。 进一步地, 所述电磁换向阀为三位四通电磁换向阀, 所述液控换向阀 为三位四通液控换向阀, 所述主油路连通至所述三位四通电磁换向阀的进 油口, 所述三位四通电磁换向阀的两个工作油口分别连通至所述三位四通 液控换向阀的两个控制油口。
进一步地, 所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口分别连通至执行 元件。
进一步地, 所述执行元件为液压缸, 所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个 工作油口分别连通至该液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔。
进一步地, 所述执行元件为液压马达, 所述三位四通液控换向阀的两 个工作油口分别连通至该液压马达的进油口和出油口。
进一步地, 该液压控制回路还包括设置在所述主油路上的主阀、 平衡 阀和执行元件, 所述主阀的第一工作油口通过所述平衡阀与所述执行元件 的第一工作端连通, 所述主阀的第二工作油口与所述执行元件的第二工作 端连通, 所述液阻元件设置在所述主阀的第二工作油口与所述执行元件的 第二工作端之间的管路上, 所述平衡阀的控制油口连接于所述主阀的第二 工作油口与所述液阻元件之间的管路上, 所述执行元件的第二工作端与所 述液阻元件之间的管路与所述油箱连通。
进一步地, 该液压控制回路还包括第一单向阀和第二单向阀, 所述第 一单向阀允许油液从所述执行元件的第二工作端流至所述主阀的第二工作 油口, 所述第二单向阀允许油液从所述油箱流至所述执行元件的第二工作
^山
¾。
进一步地, 所述第一单向阀位于所述执行元件的第二工作端与所述主 阀的第二工作油口之间的管路上, 并且与所述液阻元件并联; 所述第二单 向阀位于所述油箱与所述执行元件的第二工作端之间的管路上, 并且与液 阻元件串联。
进一步地, 该液压控制回路还包括旁接在所述主阀的第二工作油口与 所述平衡阀的控制油口之间的管路上的溢流阀。
进一步地, 所述执行元件为液压缸, 所述执行元件的第一工作端和第 二工作端分别为所述液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔; 或者, 所述执行元件为液 压马达, 所述执行元件的第一工作端和第二工作端分别为所述液压马达的 进油口和出油口。
进一步地, 所述主阀为换向阀。
进一步地, 所述液阻元件集成在所述主阀或者所述平衡阀中。
另一方面, 本发明还提供了一种液压控制方法, 其中, 通过在主油路 上旁接液阻元件并使该液阻元件接回油箱, 从而能够通过控制所述主油路 的流量来控制所述主油路的压力。
进一步地, 所述主油路用于控制液控单向阀或液控换向阀。
进一步地, 该液压控制方法还包括: 提供设置在所述主油路上的主阀、 平衡阀和执行元件; 使所述执行元件的第一工作端中的液压油通过所述平 衡阀流入所述主阀的第一工作油口; 使从所述主阀的第二工作油口流出的 液压油经过液阻元件产生压降后流入所述油箱, 并且该液阻元件产生的压 降值与从所述主阀的第二工作油口流出的液压油的流量成比例; 将所述主 阀的第二工作油口与所述液阻元件之间的管路中的液压油的压力作为所述 平衡阀的控制压力; 将执行元件的第二工作端与所述油箱连通; 通过控制 从所述主阀的第二工作油口流出的液压油的流量来控制所述执行元件动作 的速度,并且 /或者通过调节所述液阻元件来控制所述执行元件动作的速度。
进一步地, 所述液阻元件包括在所述主阀的第二工作油口与执行元件 的第二工作端之间的管路上设置的固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节 流阀。
进一步地, 所述液阻元件包括在所述主阀的第二工作油口与执行元件 的第二工作端之间的管路上设置的可调阻尼孔或节流阀, 以实现通过调节 所述可调阻尼孔的或节流阀的流通面积来控制所述执行元件动作的速度。
进一步地, 所述执行元件为液压缸, 所述执行元件的第一工作端和第 二工作端分别为所述液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔; 或者, 所述执行元件为液 压马达, 所述执行元件的第一工作端和第二工作端分别为所述液压马达的 进油口和出油口。
进一步地, 该方法还通过在所述主阀的第二工作油口与所述平衡阀的 控制油口之间设置溢流阀来控制所述平衡阀的控制压力上限。
根据上述方案, 可以通过控制所述主油路中的流量来控制主油路中的 压力, 从而使得主油路中的压力不易受到液压系统中其它部分的影响, 而 且也无需设置额外的压力阀来控制主油路中的压力, 使得整个液压系统得 到简化。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与本发明的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限 制。 在附图中:
图 1是传统的下降负载液压控制回路的示意图;
图 2是根据本发明一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 3是根据本发明另一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 4至图 6是根据本发明还另一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 7至图 9是根据本发明还另一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 10是根据本发明还另一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图。 附图标记说明
1 主油路; 2 液阻元件;
3 油箱; 4 液控单向阀;
5 电磁换向阀; 6 液控换向阀;
7 执行元件; 71 液压缸;
711 无杆腔; 712 有杆腔;
72 液压马达; 721 进油口;
722 出油口; 8 主阀;
9 平衡阀; 10 溢流阀;
11 第一单向阀; 12 第二单向阀。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 2所示, 一方面, 本发明提供了一种液压控制回路, 其中, 该液 压控制回路包括主油路 1、 液阻元件 2和油箱 3, 所述液阻元件 2与所述油 箱 3串联并旁接在所述主油路 1上。
其中, Q为油液流量; Cd为流量系数; A为液阻元件 2的通流面积; Δ ρ表示油液经过液阻元件 2产生的压降值; Ρ为油液密度。
由于主油路 1中的油液经液阻元件 2后流至油箱 3,而油箱 3中的油液 压力为定值, 因此主油路 1中的油液压力 ρ等于上述公式 (1 ) 中的 Δ ρ加 上该作为定值的油箱中的油液压力。 从公式 (1 ) 中可以得出, 该油液压力 ρ与油液流量 Q的平方成正比,与液阻元件 2的流通面积 Α的平方成反比。 当液阻元件 2的流通面积 A为定值时, 主油路 1中的油液压力 p取决于流 量0。 gP, 油液压力 p随着油液流量 Q的增大而成比例地增大。
因此, 根据上述方案, 可以通过控制所述主油路 1 中的流量来控制主 油路 1 中的压力, 从而使得主油路 1 中的压力不易受到液压系统中其它部 分的影响, 而且也无需设置额外的压力阀来控制主油路 1 中的压力, 使得 整个液压系统得到简化。
需要说明的是, 以上公式 (1 ) 仅为一般的流量计算公式, 例如当所述 液阻元件为单个阻尼孔、 节流阀或减压阀时可以适用该公式 (1 ), 如果所 选择的液阻元件不同 (例如当液阻元件为多个串联或并联的阻尼孔时或者 为其它更复杂的液阻元件时), 其具体的流量计算方式也可能会有所不同, 但是仍然能够实现通过控制所述主油路 1 中的流量来控制主油路 1 中的压 力的目的。
所述液阻元件 2可以为固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流阀等。
优选地, 所述液阻元件 2为可调阻尼孔或节流阀, 从而除了通过控制主油 路 1 中的流量之外, 还可以通过调节可调阻尼孔或节流阀的流通面积来调 节主油路 1中的压力。
在上述液压控制回路中, 所述主油路 1 可以与各种需要控制压力的液 压部件或液压回路连接, 从而用于控制其压力。 例如, 如图 3所示, 所述 主油路 1可以连通至液控单向阀 4的控制油口 41, 从而控制所述液控单向 阀 4的导通或关闭。 或者, 如图 4所示, 所述主油路 1可以通过电磁换向 阀 5连通至的液控换向阀 6的控制油口 61、 62。 从而, 主油路 1中的液压 油作为液控换向阀 6的先导控制油, 用于控制所述液控换向阀 6进行换向。 更具体地, 如图 4所示, 所述电磁换向阀 5可以为三位四通电磁换向阀, 所述液控换向阀 6可以为三位四通液控换向阀, 所述主油路 1连通至所述 三位四通电磁换向阀的进油口 P5 , 所述三位四通电磁换向阀的两个工作油 口 A5、 B5分别连通至所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个控制油口 61、 62。 当电磁换向阀 5位于左位时, 主油路 1中的液压油经过电磁换向阀 5的工 作油口 B5流向液控换向阀 6的控制口 62, 使得液控换向阀 6向左移动, 工作于右位; 当电磁换向阀 5位于右位时, 主油路 1 中的液压油经过电磁 换向阀 5的工作油口 A5流向液控换向阀 6的控制口 61,使得液控换向阀 6 向右移动, 工作于左位。
进一步地,如图 4所示,所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口 A6、 B6可以分别连通至执行元件 7。 从而通过所述液控换向阀 6的换向进一步 控制执行元件 7的动作, 而且通过控制所述主油路 1 的流量便能够调节执 行元件 7动作的速度。 如图 5所示, 所述执行元件 7可以为液压缸 71, 所 述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口 A6、 B6分别连通至该液压缸 71的 无杆腔 711和有杆腔 712。 如图 6所示, 所述执行元件 7可以为液压马达 72,所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口 A6、 B6分别连通至该液压马 达 72的进油口 721和出油口 722。
在图 4至图 6中, T5、 Τ6分别表示电磁换向阀 5的回油口和液控换向 阀 6的回油口。
图 7示出了提供了本发明的还另一种实施方式的液压控制回路, 该液 压控制回路包括主油路 1、 液阻元件 2和油箱 3, 所述液阻元件 2与所述油 箱 3串联并旁接在所述主油路 1上,该控制回路还包括设置在所述主油路 1
上的主阀 8、 平衡阀 9和执行元件 7, 所述主阀 8的第一工作油口 A8通过 所述平衡阀 9与所述执行元件 7的第一工作端连通, 所述主阀 8的第二工 作油口 B8与所述执行元件 7的第二工作端连通, 其中, 所述液阻元件 2设 置在所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8与所述执行元件 7的第二工作端之间的 管路上, 所述平衡阀 9的控制油口 91连接于所述主阀 8 的第二工作油口 B8与所述液阻元件 2之间的管路上, 所述执行元件 7的第二工作端与所述 液阻元件 2之间的管路与所述油箱 3连通。
通过本发明的上述技术方案, 平衡阀 9的控制压力 (即, 主阀 8的第 二工作油口 B8与液阻元件 2之间的管路(相当于上述液压控制回路中的主 油路 1 )中的液压油的压力)通过液阻元件 2产生, 并且该液阻元件 2形成 的压降值与从所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8流出的液压油的流量成比例, 即仅与主阀 8的开度有关。 因此平衡阀 9的控制压力完全不受执行元件 7 (例如背景技术中的液压缸) 所承受的负载的影响, 因此比较稳定。 此外, 平衡阀 9的控制压力通过控制主阀 8的开度来控制, 而无需通过调节背压 来控制, 因此, 根据本发明的液压控制回路无需背压, 这样也就把系统压 力降低了很多, 同时由于没有背压, 消除了平衡阀启闭滞后现象。 从而能 够降低系统压力, 减少油液流量, 从而降低了能量损耗; 并且对主阀 8 的 进油口与回油口的匹配要求不太高。
在本发明的上述技术方案中, 如图 8和图 9所示, 所述执行元件 7可 以为液压缸 71, 所述执行元件 7的第一工作端和第二工作端分别为所述液 压缸 71的无杆腔 711和有杆腔 712;或者,所述执行元件 7为液压马达 72, 所述执行元件 7的第一工作端和第二工作端分别为所述液压马达 72的进油 口 721和出油口 722。 当所述执行元件 7可以为液压缸 71时, 即为与背景 技术中所述的下降负载液压控制回路相对应, 下面以该方案为例进行更详 细的说明。
所述液阻元件 2可以为固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流阀。 优选地, 所述液阻元件 2为可调阻尼孔或节流阀, 从而除了通过控制所述 主阀 8 的开度之外, 还可以通过调节可调阻尼孔或节流阀的流通面积来调 节平衡阀 9的控制压力, 从而调节下降负载的速度。
所述液阻元件 2可以作为独立的部件安装在所述主阀 1 的第二工作油 口 B与所述液压缸 71的有杆腔 712之间的通油管道上,所述液阻元件 2也
可以集成在所述主阀 8或所述平衡阀 9内。
当所述液阻元件 2为阻尼孔时, 所述阻尼孔可以是单独一个阻尼孔, 也可以通过几个阻尼孔串联和 /或并联来形成。
在负载下降过程中,液压缸 71的有杆腔 712的补油直接来自于油箱 3, 由于液压缸 71的无杆腔 711中的油液经回油管 (即经平衡阀 9、 主阀 8的 工作油口 A8和回油口 T8 )流回油箱 3, 因此系统有足够的油液补充到液压 缸 71的有杆腔 712中, 而不会产生负压。 优选地, 如图 10所示, 该液压 控制回路还可以包括第一单向阀 11和第二单向阀 12, 所述第一单向阀 11 允许油液从所述液压缸 71 的有杆腔 712流至所述主阀 8 的第二工作油口 B8 , 所述第二单向阀 12允许油液从所述油箱 3流至所述液压缸 71的有杆 腔 712。例如, 所述第一单向阀 11位于所述液压缸 71的有杆腔 712与所述 主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8之间的管路上, 并且与所述液阻元件 2并联; 所 述第二单向阀 12位于所述油箱 3与所述液压缸 71的有杆腔 712之间的管 路上, 并且与液阻元件 2 串联。 在该液压控制回路上升过程中, 第一单向 阀 11可以进一步确保液压缸 71的有杆腔 712中的油液流向主阀 8的第二 工作油口 B8 , 而不会直接流回油箱 3, 从而可以确保不影响系统的其它附 加功能。 而在负载下降过程中, 第二单向阀 12可以进一步确保从油箱 3向 液压缸 71的有杆腔 712补油。 由于负载下降过程中有杆腔 711中的油液经 回油管流回油箱, 因此系统有足够的补油效果而不会产生负压。
优选地, 如图 7至图 10所示, 所述液压控制回路还可以包括旁接在所 述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8与所述平衡阀 9的控制油口 91之间的管路上 的溢流阀 10。从而可以通过该溢流阀 10可以进一步控制平衡阀 9的控制压 力的上限值。 当然, 该溢流阀 10也可以省略。
所述主阀 8可以根据具体情况进行选择, 例如如图 7至图 10所示, 所 述主阀 8可以为三位四通换向阀。
当然, 所述液控单向阀和液控换向阀也可以为其它液控元件。
另一方面, 如图 2所示, 本发明提供了一种液压控制方法, 其中, 通 过在主油路 1上旁接液阻元件 2并使该液阻元件 2接回油箱 3,从而根据上 文中参照公式 (1 )所述的原理, 能够通过控制所述主油路 1的流量来控制 所述主油路 1 的压力。 从而使得主油路 1 中的压力不易受到液压系统中其 它部分的影响, 而且也无需设置额外的压力阀来控制主油路 1 中的压力,
使得整个液压系统得到简化。
如上文所述,所述主油路 1可以用于控制液控单向阀 4或液控换向阀 6, 具体可参见上文中参考图 3至图 6进行的说明。
另外, 如图 7至图 10所示, 所述液压控制方法还可以包括: 提供设置 在主油路 1上的主阀 8、 平衡阀 9和执行元件 7; 使所述执行元件 7的第一 工作端中的液压油通过所述平衡阀 9流入所述主阀 8的第一工作油口 A8; 使从所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8流出的液压油经过液阻元件 2产生压降 后流入所述油箱 3,并且该液阻元件 2产生的压降值与从所述主阀 8的第二 工作油口 B8流出的液压油的流量成比例; 将所述主阀 8 的第二工作油口 B8与所述液阻元件 2之间的管路中的液压油的压力作为所述平衡阀 9的控 制压力; 将执行元件 7的第二工作端与所述油箱 3连通; 通过控制从所述 主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8流出的液压油的流量来控制所述执行元件 7动作 的速度, 并且 /或者通过调节所述液阻元件 2来控制所述执行元件 7动作的 速度。
通过本发明的上述技术方案, 平衡阀 9的控制压力 (即, 主阀 8的第 二工作油口 B8与液阻元件 2之间的管路(相当于上述液压控制回路中的主 油路 1 )中的液压油的压力)通过液阻元件 2产生, 并且该液阻元件 2形成 的压降值与从所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8流出的液压油的流量成比例, 即仅与主阀 8的开度有关。 因此平衡阀 9的控制压力完全不受执行元件 7 (例如背景技术中的液压缸)所承受的负载的影响, 因此比较稳定。 此外, 平衡阀 9的控制压力通过控制主阀 8的开度来控制, 而无需通过调节背压 来控制, 因此, 根据本发明的液压控制回路无需背压, 这样也就把系统压 力降低了很多, 同时由于没有背压, 消除了平衡阀启闭滞后现象。 从而能 够降低系统压力, 减少油液流量, 从而降低了能量损耗; 并且对主阀 8 的 进油口与回油口的匹配要求不太高。
可以参考上文中有关液压控制回路的有关说明, 本发明提供的液压控 制方法中的所述液阻元件 2可以包括在所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8与执 行元件 7 的第二工作端之间的管路上设置的阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流阀。 所 述液阻元件 2也可以包括在所述主阀 8的第二工作油口 B8与执行元件 7的 第二工作端之间的管路上设置的可调阻尼孔或节流阀, 以实现通过调节所 述可调阻尼孔的或节流阀的流通面积来控制所述执行元件 7动作的速度。
如图 8和图 9所示, 所述执行元件 7可以为液压缸 71, 所述执行元件 7的第一工作端和第二工作端分别为所述液压缸 71的无杆腔 711和有杆腔 712; 或者, 所述执行元件 7为液压马达 72, 所述执行元件 7的第一工作端 和第二工作端分别为所述液压马达 72的进油口 721和出油口 722。
优选地,根据本发明提供的所述液压控制方法还可以通过在所述主阀 8 的第二工作油口 B8与所述平衡阀 9的控制油口 91之间设置溢流阀 10来控 制所述平衡阀 9的控制压力上限。
需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行任意组合, 其同样落入本发明所公开的范围 之内。 另外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只 要其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
Claims
1、一种液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 该液压控制回路包括主油路(1)、 液阻元件 (2) 和油箱 (3), 所述液阻元件 (2) 与所述油箱 (3) 串联并旁 接在所述主油路 (1) 上。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述液阻元件 (2) 为固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流阀。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路,其特征在于,所述主油路(1) 连通至液控单向阀 (4) 的控制油口 (41)。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路,其特征在于,所述主油路(1) 通过电磁换向阀 (5) 连通至液控换向阀 (6) 的控制油口 (61, 62)。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述电磁换向 阀 (5) 为三位四通电磁换向阀, 所述液控换向阀 (6) 为三位四通液控换 向阀, 所述主油路 (1) 连通至所述三位四通电磁换向阀的进油口 (P5), 所述三位四通电磁换向阀的两个工作油口 (A5, B5) 分别连通至所述三位 四通液控换向阀的两个控制油口 (61, 62)。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述三位四通 液控换向阀的两个工作油口 (A6, B6) 分别连通至执行元件 (7)。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述执行元件 (7)为液压缸(71), 所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口 (A6, B6) 分别连通至该液压缸 (71) 的无杆腔 (711) 和有杆腔 (712)。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述执行元件 (7) 为液压马达 (72), 所述三位四通液控换向阀的两个工作油口 (A6,
B6) 分别连通至该液压马达 (72) 的进油口 (721) 和出油口 (722)。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 该液压控制回 路还包括设置在所述主油路 (1) 上的主阀 (8)、 平衡阀 (9) 和执行元件
(7), 所述主阀 (8) 的第一工作油口 (A8) 通过所述平衡阀 (9) 与所述 执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端连通, 所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端连通, 所述液阻元件 (2) 设置在所述 主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (8B) 与所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端之间 的管路上, 所述平衡阀 (9) 的控制油口 (91) 连接于所述主阀 (8) 的第 二工作油口 (B8) 与所述液阻元件 (2)之间的管路上, 所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端与所述液阻元件 (2) 之间的管路与所述油箱 (3) 连通。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 该液压控制 回路还包括第一单向阀 (11) 和第二单向阀 (12), 所述第一单向阀 (11) 允许油液从所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端流至所述主阀 (8) 的第二工 作油口 (B8), 所述第二单向阀 (12) 允许油液从所述油箱 (3) 流至所述 执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述第一单 向阀 (11) 位于所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端与所述主阀 (8) 的第二 工作油口 (B8)之间的管路上, 并且与所述液阻元件 (2) 并联; 所述第二 单向阀 (12) 位于所述油箱 (3) 与所述执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端之间 的管路上, 并且与液阻元件 (2) 串联。
12、 根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 该液压控制 回路还包括旁接在所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与所述平衡阀 (9) 的控制油口 (91) 之间的管路上的溢流阀 (10)。
13、 根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述执行元 件 (7) 为液压缸 (71), 所述执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端和第二工作端分 别为所述液压缸 (71) 的无杆腔 (711) 和有杆腔 (712); 或者, 所述执行 元件 (7) 为液压马达 (72), 所述执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端和第二工作 端分别为所述液压马达 (72) 的进油口 (721) 和出油口 (722)。
14、根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述主阀(8) 为换向阀。
15、 根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述液阻元 件 (2) 集成在所述主阀 (8) 或者所述平衡阀 (9) 中。
16、 一种液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 通过在主油路 (1) 上旁接液阻 元件 (2) 并使该液阻元件 (2) 接回油箱 (3), 从而能够通过控制所述主 油路 (1) 的流量来控制所述主油路 (1) 的压力。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述主油路
(1) 用于控制液控单向阀 (4) 或液控换向阀 (6)。
18、 根据权利要求 16所述的液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 该液压控制 方法还包括:
提供设置在所述主油路 (1) 上的主阀 (8)、 平衡阀 (9) 和执行元件 (7);
使所述执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端中的液压油通过所述平衡阀 (9) 流入所述主阀 (8) 的第一工作油口 (A8);
使从所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8)流出的液压油经过液阻元件
(2) 产生压降后流入所述油箱 (3), 并且该液阻元件 (2) 产生的压降值 与从所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 流出的液压油的流量成比例; 将所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与所述液阻元件 (2) 之间的 管路中的液压油的压力作为所述平衡阀 (9) 的控制压力;
将执行元件 (7) 的第二工作端与所述油箱 (3) 连通;
通过控制从所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8)流出的液压油的流量 来控制所述执行元件(7)动作的速度,并且 /或者通过调节所述液阻元件(2) 来控制所述执行元件 (7) 动作的速度。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述液阻元 件 (2) 包括在所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与执行元件 (7 ) 的第 二工作端之间的管路上设置的固定阻尼孔、 可调阻尼孔、 减压阀或节流阀。
20、 根据权利要求 18所述的液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述液阻元 件 (2) 包括在所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与执行元件 (7 ) 的第 二工作端之间的管路上设置的可调阻尼孔或节流阀, 以实现通过调节所述 可调阻尼孔的或节流阀的流通面积来控制所述执行元件 (7) 动作的速度。
21、 根据权利要求 18所述的下降负载液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 所 述执行元件 (7) 为液压缸 (71 ), 所述执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端和第二 工作端分别为所述液压缸 (71 ) 的无杆腔 (711 ) 和有杆腔 (712); 或者, 所述执行元件 (7 ) 为液压马达 (72), 所述执行元件 (7) 的第一工作端和 第二工作端分别为所述液压马达 (72) 的进油口 (721 ) 和出油口 (722)。
22、 根据权利要求 18所述的下降负载液压控制方法, 其特征在于, 该 方法还通过在所述主阀 (8) 的第二工作油口 (B8) 与所述平衡阀 (9) 的 控制油口 (91 ) 之间设置溢流阀 (10) 来控制所述平衡阀 (9) 的控制压力 上限。
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| CN 201010255962 CN102042273B (zh) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | 液压控制回路及方法 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103088167A (zh) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-08 | 扬州扬宝机械有限公司 | 一种挤水伸展机胶辊毡辊旋转同步液压系统 |
| CN104692266A (zh) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-06-10 | 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 | 起重臂伸缩缓冲液压系统及起重机 |
| CN116877725A (zh) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种液压驱动阀座式无摩擦球阀及其控制方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102042273B (zh) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-03-27 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 液压控制回路及方法 |
| CN102269190B (zh) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-06-05 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 液压控制回路 |
| CN102374203B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-03-13 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 液压控制回路 |
| CN103089727B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-03-02 | 约克广州空调冷冻设备有限公司 | 换向阀 |
| CN102583173B (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-06-04 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 吊臂伸缩液控系统及具有液控系统的起重机 |
| CN102758389A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-31 | 湖南海捷精密工业有限公司 | 移动装置液压平衡回路 |
| CN103603839B (zh) * | 2013-11-20 | 2016-08-10 | 长沙中联消防机械有限公司 | 防抖液压回路、臂架防抖液压回路、工程机械和工程车辆 |
| CN104948524B (zh) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | 一种全流量小压力波动的组合式背压装置 |
| CN106246550A (zh) * | 2016-09-08 | 2016-12-21 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种滑阀的控制装置、控制方法及压缩机 |
| CN115773293B (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-11-29 | 江苏沃得农业机械股份有限公司 | 一种整杆甘蔗收割机液压系统 |
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