WO2012013030A1 - 立式自吸泵 - Google Patents

立式自吸泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012013030A1
WO2012013030A1 PCT/CN2011/070749 CN2011070749W WO2012013030A1 WO 2012013030 A1 WO2012013030 A1 WO 2012013030A1 CN 2011070749 W CN2011070749 W CN 2011070749W WO 2012013030 A1 WO2012013030 A1 WO 2012013030A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impeller
baffle
priming pump
gap
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/070749
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
项光辉
姜祥勋
陈怀玉
Original Assignee
Xiang Guanghui
Jiang Xiangxun
Chen Huaiyu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiang Guanghui, Jiang Xiangxun, Chen Huaiyu filed Critical Xiang Guanghui
Priority to US13/812,529 priority Critical patent/US20130189124A1/en
Priority to BR112013001997-2A priority patent/BR112013001997B1/pt
Publication of WO2012013030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012013030A1/zh
Priority to US15/245,370 priority patent/US9841030B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/165—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/167—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for liquid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2266—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for sealing or thrust balance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00—Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/007—Preventing loss of prime, siphon breakers
    • F04D9/008—Preventing loss of prime, siphon breakers by means in the suction mouth, e.g. foot valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00—Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/02—Self-priming pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/20—Inorganic materials, e.g. non-metallic materials
    • F05B2280/2006—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/20—Inorganic materials, e.g. non-metallic materials
    • F05B2280/2007—Carbides
    • F05B2280/20071—Carbides of silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/40—Organic materials
    • F05B2280/4005—PTFE [PolyTetraFluorEthylene]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pumps, and more particularly to vertical self-priming pumps.
  • the self-priming pump can be filled with liquid medium in its inlet pipe (but there must be enough liquid medium in the pump body) In the case of starting work, the gas in the inlet pipe is automatically excluded. At the initial start-up, sufficient liquid medium must be added to the pump body of the self-priming pump. After starting, the liquid medium remaining in the pump body is used to ensure self-priming. The pump can start again.
  • the self-priming pump can be divided into internal mixing and external mixing according to the working principle.
  • the internal mixing self-priming pump refers to gas-liquid mixing near the inlet of the impeller, and the external mixing self-priming pump. It means gas-liquid mixing at the outer edge of the impeller.
  • the structure of the external mixing self-priming pump is as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the pump chamber is first filled with water.
  • the impeller 1 rotates at a high speed to discharge the liquid medium in the impeller flow passage 2.
  • a negative pressure is formed at the inlet of the impeller 1, and the air in the inlet pipe 4 is sucked into the pump chamber to mix with the liquid medium in the pump chamber to form a gas-liquid mixture, and the gas-liquid mixture passes through the impeller flow path on the impeller 1. 2 is discharged to the gas-liquid separation chamber in the upper part of the pump chamber.
  • the self-priming pump of the above structure due to the existence of the backflow gap 3, during normal operation, there is an uninterrupted circulation of the medium under pressure, resulting in a great volumetric efficiency loss, and the volumetric efficiency loss is estimated by experiments. It is about 8%, which seriously reduces the overall efficiency of the self-priming pump, so that the self-priming pump can not reach the normal flow and lift, and also increases the energy consumption.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problem of low efficiency of the self-priming pump.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a vertical self-priming pump, including a pump body, a motor and Media return barrier.
  • the inner chamber of the pump body is provided with an axial partition hole, and the middle partition plate is divided into upper and lower gas-liquid separation chambers and a liquid storage chamber, and a fluid guide is fixed on the upper surface of the middle partition plate.
  • the guiding fluid is provided with an axial through hole and a radial flow guiding hole communicating with the axial through hole, and the gas-liquid separating chamber and the liquid storage chamber are connected through the axial water inlet hole and the radial flow guiding hole on the fluid guiding body;
  • the motor is fixed on the top surface of the pump body and drives a pump shaft that vertically penetrates into the pump body cavity.
  • the lower end of the pump shaft is fixed with an impeller, and the impeller is disposed in the axial through hole of the fluid guide, the impeller a gap between the outer circumferential surface and the inner wall of the axial passage of the fluid guiding body forms a backflow gap passage;
  • the medium returning blocking device comprises a static ring and a moving ring disposed opposite to each other, and an elastic supporting sleeve, the moving ring being embedded on the upper surface of the impeller, The outer edge of the elastic support sleeve extends downward to form a leg, the leg is fixed on the upper surface of the fluid guide, the static ring is embedded on the lower surface of the elastic support ring, and the lower end surface of the static ring protrudes from the elastic support sleeve A gap is provided between the lower surface and the upper end of the moving ring.
  • the flow blocking baffle plate is further included, and the upper portion of the impeller is in the shape of a stepped shaft which is large and small, and the bucking bucking baffle has a stepped shape of a large and small step and is axially a shaft hole is provided, the baffle bucking baffle is sleeved on the impeller from top to bottom and a large diameter portion is fixed on the fluid guide, and the inner wall of the shaft hole of the baffle buck baffle is A gap between the outer circumferential surfaces of the small diameter portion of the upper portion of the impeller and a gap between the lower end surface of the baffle-reducing baffle plate and the stepped surface of the impeller form a backflow gap passage.
  • the back gap channel has a gap size of 0.3-0.5 mm.
  • the gap passage between the lower end surface of the baffle bucking diaphragm and the stepped surface of the impeller has a downwardly inclined inclination angle.
  • the inclination angle is 3-8 degrees.
  • the inner wall of the shaft hole of the baffle bucking baffle is provided with a plurality of annular grooves.
  • the movable ring and the stationary ring are made of cemented carbide, silicon carbide, ceramic, graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the invention is provided on the upper end surface of the impeller
  • the medium returning blocking device when the self-priming pump works normally, the elastic supporting sleeve in the medium returning blocking device generates downward deformation under the action of the liquid medium pressure, so that the moving and static rings are in close contact and block the return gap channel, so
  • the volume loss caused by the circulation backflow is avoided, and the efficiency of the self-priming pump can be increased by 5%-8%.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional vertical self-priming pump
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a vertical self-priming pump provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a vertical self-priming pump provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation of a medium returning barrier device for a vertical self-priming pump according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second vertical self-priming pump in a startup state of the medium provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the medium return flow of the second vertical self-priming pump in a normal working state according to the present invention.
  • the vertical self-priming pump provided by the invention improves the working efficiency of the self-priming pump through the medium return blocking device.
  • the medium reflux blocking device does not function.
  • the self-priming pump works normally, and the pressure in the gas-liquid separation chamber increases, and is blocked by the medium reflux blocking device.
  • the backflow gap channel reduces the backflow loss of the self-priming pump, thereby improving the working efficiency of the self-priming pump.
  • the vertical self-priming pump provided by the present embodiment includes a pump body 10, a motor 20, and a medium return blocking device. 30.
  • the pump body 10 has an inner chamber which is divided by the middle partition plate 11 into a gas-liquid separation chamber 12 and a liquid storage chamber 13 which are disposed above and below.
  • the gas-liquid separation chamber 12 is provided with a liquid discharge tube 14 and a liquid discharge tube.
  • a check valve 15 is provided on the 14th, and a liquid inlet pipe 16 is disposed on the liquid storage chamber 13, and a vacuum breaking valve 17 is disposed on the liquid inlet pipe 16.
  • the intermediate partition plate 11 is provided with an axial water inlet hole 18, and the upper surface of the middle partition plate 11 is fixed with a fluid guiding body 40.
  • the fluid guiding body 40 is provided with an axial through hole and a radial flow guiding line communicating with the axial through hole.
  • the hole 41, the medium reflux blocking device 30 is disposed on the upper end surface of the fluid guiding body 40, and the gas-liquid separating chamber 12 and the liquid storage chamber 13 communicate with each other through the axial water inlet hole 18 and the radial flow guiding hole 41 on the fluid guiding body 40.
  • the motor 20 is fixed on the top surface of the pump body 10 and the motor 20 drives the pump shaft 21 that penetrates vertically into the inner cavity of the pump body 10.
  • the lower end of the pump shaft 21 is fixed with an impeller 22, and the impeller 22 is disposed on the fluid guide 40.
  • the inside of the impeller 22 is provided with an impeller flow passage 23, and the inlet of the impeller flow passage 23 communicates with the liquid storage chamber 13 through the axial water inlet hole 18, and the outlet of the impeller flow passage 23 passes through the fluid guide 40
  • the radial flow guiding hole 41 communicates with the gas-liquid separation chamber 12, and a gap between the outer circumferential surface of the impeller 22 and the inner wall of the axial through hole of the fluid guide 40 forms a return gap passage 24, and the gap of the return gap passage 24 is 0.3- 0.5mm.
  • the medium return blocking device 30 includes a static ring 32, a moving ring 31 and an elastic supporting sleeve 33 which are disposed opposite to each other.
  • the moving ring 31 is fitted on the upper end surface of the impeller 22 and the upper end surface of the moving ring 31 is higher than Impeller 22
  • the upper end surface, the elastic support sleeve 33 has an annular body, the outer edge of the annular body extends downward to form a leg 34, and the lower end of the leg 34 is provided with a flange, and the flange is fixed to the fluid guiding body by the pressing block 35
  • the stationary ring 32 is fitted on the lower surface of the body of the elastic support sleeve 33 and the lower end surface of the stationary ring 32 protrudes from the lower surface of the body of the elastic support sleeve 33.
  • the opposite end faces of the moving ring 31 and the stationary ring 32 are mirror-finished and provided with a gap therebetween.
  • the material can be selected from cemented carbide, silicon carbide, ceramic, graphite or F4 according to different conditions of the medium. Fluoroethylene) and the like.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the medium reflux blocking device.
  • the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment described above in that a baffle bucking baffle 50 is disposed on the impeller 22, and the corresponding structural portion of the impeller 22 is also adapted. Sexual change.
  • the upper part of the outer shape of the impeller 22 has a stepped shaft shape that is small and large
  • the choke baffle plate 50 has a stepped sleeve shape that is large and small, and has a shaft hole in the axial direction, and the flow blocking baffle plate 50 is blocked.
  • the upper surface of the impeller 22 is fitted from the top to the bottom and the large diameter portion 51 of the baffle baffle plate 50 is fixed to the fluid guide 40, and the inner wall of the shaft hole of the buck baffle 50 and the small diameter portion of the upper portion of the impeller 22 are blocked.
  • the gap between the outer circumferential surfaces and the gap between the lower end surface of the choke baffle plate 50 and the step surface of the impeller 22 form a backflow gap passage 24, and the lower end surface of the buck baffle 50 and the impeller 22 are blocked.
  • the gap passage between the step faces has a downwardly inclined inclination angle of ⁇ of 3-8 degrees.
  • the inner wall of the shaft hole of the baffle baffle plate 50 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 52 (see FIG. 5) for diffusing and reducing pressure.
  • the impeller 22 continuously discharges the liquid medium in the liquid storage chamber 13 into the gas-liquid separation chamber 12, the pressure of the liquid medium in the gas-liquid separation chamber 12 continuously increases, and the pressure acts on the elastic support sleeve.
  • the backflow gap passage 24 is narrow (0.3-0.5 mm)
  • a large resistance loss occurs when the liquid medium passes, and a number of annular recesses in the return gap passage 24 are formed.
  • the slot 52 abruptly expands the flow space of the medium to further reduce the pressure in the return gap, thereby causing the medium pressure in the G chamber to be much lower than the pressure in the gas-liquid separation chamber 12, causing the elastic support sleeve 33 to be deformed downward.
  • the lower end surface of the compression static ring 32 closely contacts the upper end surface of the moving ring 31 to form a seal, which blocks the continuous return of the liquid medium, fundamentally overcomes the volume loss caused by the circulation recirculation, and improves the efficiency of the pump 5%-8 %, the direction of the arrow in Figure 7 is the flow direction of the liquid medium.
  • the gap passage between the lower end surface of the choke baffle plate 50 and the step surface of the impeller 22 has a downwardly inclined inclination angle, which can generate a larger pressure loss and increase the pressure difference between the G chamber and the gas-liquid separation chamber 12.
  • the choice of the inclination angle of ⁇ to 3-8 degrees is the optimum angle obtained by the inventors through a large number of experiments, and the pressure difference is increased without causing a large vibration of the impeller due to the impact.
  • a plurality of annular grooves 52 can also increase the pressure difference between the G chamber and the gas-liquid separation chamber 12.
  • the check valve 15 is quickly closed, blocking the return of the high liquid medium in the liquid discharge pipe 14, and the vacuum breaking valve 17 on the liquid inlet pipe 16 is simultaneously opened, and the air enters the liquid inlet pipe. 16, destroying the vacuum state in the inlet pipe 16, completely avoiding the phenomenon of backflow of the liquid medium in the pump caused by the siphon phenomenon, and a part of the liquid medium is always kept in the liquid storage chamber 13 to achieve a drainage Self-priming pump can be self-priming for life.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

立式自吸泵 技术领域
本发明涉及泵，具体涉及 立式自吸泵 。
背景技术
自吸泵能够实现在其进液管内不充满液体介质 ( 但泵体中必须有足够的液体介质 ) 的情况下启动工作，自动排除进液管内的气体。在初次启动时，自吸泵的泵体内必须加入足够的液体介质，以后启动时则由存留在泵体内的液体介质来保 证 自吸 泵能再次启动。自吸泵从工作原理上可分为内混合和外混合两种型式，内混式 自吸泵 是指在其叶轮的进口附近进行气液混合，而外混合式 自吸泵 是指在叶轮的外缘处进行气液混合。外混合式自吸泵的结构如图1所示，在第一次启动前，首先在其泵腔内加满水，启动后，叶轮1高速旋转，将叶轮流道2中的液体介质排出，于是在叶轮1的进液口处形成负压，将进液管4内的空气吸入泵腔，与泵腔内的液体介质混合生成气液混合物，气液混合物再经叶轮1上的叶轮流道2排出至泵腔上部的气液分离室，由于叶轮流道2的出口面积突然增大，流速急剧下降，气液产生分离，析出的空气通过泵体上的出水管5排出，而液体介质由于比重较大下沉，经回流间隙3回流到叶轮1的外缘处，继续与从叶轮流道2吸入的空气混合，如此反复循环，逐渐将进液管4中的空气排尽，使液体介质进入泵腔内，完成自吸过程。
然而，上述结构的自吸泵，由于回流间隙3的存在，正常工作时，存在介质在压力作用下不间断地循环回流，造成了极大的容积效率损失，经试验测算，其容积效率损失约为8%左右，从而严重降低了自吸泵的整体效率，使自吸泵达不到正常的流量和扬程，同时还增加了能耗。
 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是解决 自吸泵效率低 的问题 。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是提供一种 立式自吸水泵， 包括泵体、电机和 介质回流阻隔装置。
所述泵体的内腔设有轴向进水孔的中间隔断板分隔成上、下设置的气液分离室和储液室，所述中间隔断板的上表面上固定有导流体，所述导流体设有轴向通孔以及与该轴向通孔相通的径向导流孔，所述气液分离室和储液室通过轴向进水孔和导流体上的径向导流孔相连通；所述电机固定在泵体的顶面上且驱动垂直向下穿入泵体内腔中的泵轴转动，泵轴的下端固定有叶轮，所述叶轮设置在导流体的轴向通孔内，叶轮的外圆周面与导流体轴向通孔的内壁之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道； 所述介质回流阻隔装置包括上、下相对设置的静环和动环以及弹性支承套，所述动环嵌装在叶轮上表面上， 所述弹性支承套的外缘向下延伸形成支脚，该支脚固定在导流体的上表面上，所述静环嵌装在弹性支承环的下表面上，静环的下端面突出于弹性支承套的下表面且与所述动环的上端之间设有间隙。
在上述方案中，还包括阻流降压隔板，所述叶轮的上部呈上小下大的阶梯轴状，所述阻流降压隔板呈上大下小的阶梯套状且沿轴向设有轴孔，所述阻流降压隔板自上而下套装在所述叶轮上且大直径部固定在所述导流体上，所述阻流降压隔板的轴孔内壁与所述叶轮上部小直径部分的外圆周面之间的间隙以及所述阻流降压隔板的下端面与所述叶轮的台阶面之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道。
在上述方案中，所述回流间隙通道的间隙大小为0.3－0.5mm。
在上述方案中，所述阻流降压隔板的下端面与所述叶轮的台阶面之间的间隙通道具有向下倾斜的倾角。
在上述方案中，所述倾角为3－8度。
在上述方案中，所述阻流降压隔板的轴孔内壁上设有若干环形凹槽。
在上述方案中，所述动环和静环的材质为硬质合金、碳化硅、陶瓷、石墨或聚四氟乙烯。
本发明，在叶轮的上端面上设置有
介质回流阻隔装置，在自吸泵正常工作时，介质回流阻隔装置中的弹性支承套在液体介质压力的作用下产生向下变形，使动、静环紧密接触阻断回流间隙通道，因此
避免了因循环回流而产生的容积损失，可以提高自吸泵的效率5％－8％。
 附图说明
图1为现有立式自吸泵的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的立式自吸泵第一种具体实施方式结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的立式自吸泵第二种具体实施方式结构示意图；
图4为本发明提供的立式自吸泵的介质回流阻隔装置安装示意图；
图5为图3中的A部放大图；
图6为本发明提供的第二种立式自吸泵启动状态介质回流示意图；
图7为本发明提供的第二种立式自吸泵正常工作状态介质回流示意图。
 具体实施方式
本发明提供的立式自吸泵，通过介质回流阻隔装置提高了自吸泵的工作效率。在自吸泵起动抽真空的过程中，介质回流阻隔装置不起作用，当抽真空的过程完成自吸泵正常工作时，由于气液分离室中的压力增大，通过介质回流阻隔装置阻断回流间隙通道，减少了自吸泵的回流损失，从而提高了自吸泵的工作效率。下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明作出详细的说明。
图2为本发明提供的立式自吸泵第一种具体实施方式结构示意图，如图2所示，本具体实施方式提供的立式自吸泵包括泵体10、电机20和介质回流阻隔装置30。
泵体10具有一个内腔，该内腔由中间隔断板11分隔成上、下设置的气液分离室12和储液室13，气液分离室12上设有出液管14，出液管14上设有止回阀15，储液室13上设有进液管16，进液管16上设有真空破坏阀17。
中间隔断板11上设有轴向进水孔18，且中间隔断板11的上表面上固定有导流体40，导流体40设有轴向通孔以及与该轴向通孔相通的径向导流孔41，介质回流阻隔装置30设置在导流体40的上端面上，气液分离室12和储液室13通过轴向进水孔18、导流体40上的径向导流孔41相连通。
电机20固定在泵体10的顶面上且电机20带动垂直向下穿入泵体10的内腔中的泵轴21转动，泵轴21的下端固定有叶轮22，叶轮22设置在导流体40的轴向通孔内，叶轮22的内部设有叶轮流道23，叶轮流道23的进口通过轴向进水孔18与储液室13相通，叶轮流道23的出口通过导流体40上的径向导流孔41与气液分离室12相通，叶轮22的外圆周面与导流体40的轴向通孔的内壁之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道24，回流间隙通道24的间隙大小为0.3－0.5mm。
参见图4，介质回流阻隔装置30包括上、下相对设置的静环32、动环31和弹性支承套33，动环31嵌装在叶轮22的上端面上且动环31的上端面高于叶轮22 的上端面，弹性支承套33具有一圆环形的本体，该圆环形本体的外缘向下延伸形成支脚34，支脚34的下端设有凸缘，凸缘通过压块35固定在导流体40的上表面上，静环32嵌装在弹性支承套33的本体的下表面上且静环32的下端面突出于弹性支承套33的本体的下表面。动环31和静环32相对的端面均作镜面磨削加工且二者之间设有间隙，其材质可根据介质的不同情况分别选用硬质合金、碳化硅、陶瓷、石墨或F4（聚四氟乙烯）等。
众所周知，立式自吸泵的叶轮为易损件，在使用过程中其外圆周面容易发生磨损，为了降低更换叶轮的成本，本发明对叶轮的结构进行了改进，具体改进如图3所示，该图示出了本发明提供的立式自吸泵的第二种具体实施方式结构示意图，图4为介质回流阻隔装置的安装示意图。如图3、图4所示，本具体实施方式与上述第一种具体实施方式不同的是，在叶轮22上设置了阻流降压隔板50，同时叶轮22的相应结构部分也进行了适应性的改变。具体为：叶轮22的外形上部呈上小下大的阶梯轴状，阻流降压隔板50呈上大下小的阶梯套状且沿轴向设有轴孔，阻流降压隔板50自上而下套装在叶轮22的外圆周面上且阻流降压隔板50大直径部51固定在导流体40上，阻流降压隔板50的轴孔内壁与叶轮22上部小直径部分的外圆周面之间的间隙以及阻流降压隔板50的下端面与叶轮22的台阶面之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道24，并且阻流降压隔板50的下端面与叶轮22的台阶面之间的间隙通道具有向下倾斜的倾角，该倾角为α为3－8度。
进一步地，阻流降压隔板50的轴孔内壁上设有若干环形凹槽52（参见图5），起扩散降压作用。
下面结合图6和图7对本发明提供的立式自吸泵的使用过程加以说明。
如图6所示，立式自吸泵启动抽真空时，弹性支承套33在其自身弹力的作用下，动环31和静环32分离，气液分离室12分离出的液体介质下沉并通过动环31和静环32之间的间隙进入由弹性支承套33，叶轮22、阻流降压隔板50和导流体40的上表面以及动环31和静环32围成的空腔G，再经叶轮22的外圆周面与阻流降压隔板50之间的回流间隙通道24回流到叶轮22的叶轮流道23的出口处，与从进液管16吸入到储液室13、并经轴向进水孔18和叶轮流道23输送来的空气进行气液混合，最后经导流体40上的径向导流孔41排出至气液分离室12进行气液分离，如此反复循环，不断排除进液管16中的空气，完成抽真空启动过程，图6中箭头方向为液体介质流动方向。
如图7所示，随着叶轮22不断将储液室13内的液体介质排入气液分离室12，气液分离室12内液体介质的压力不断的升高，该压力作用在弹性支承套33的上表面上，使其产生向下的变形，由于回流间隙通道24很窄（0.3-0.5mm），液体介质通过时产生了很大的阻力损失，加之回流间隙通道24内的若干环形凹槽52使介质的流动空间突然扩大进一步降低了回流间隙内的压力，于是造成G腔内的介质压力远低于气液分离室12内的压力，促使弹性支承套33的产生向下的变形，压迫静环32的下端面紧密贴合动环31的上端面形成密封，阻断了液体介质的继续回流，从根本上克服因循环回流而产生的容积损失，提高了泵的效率5％－8％，图7箭头方向为液体介质的流动方向。阻流降压隔板50的下端面与叶轮22的台阶面之间的间隙通道具有向下倾斜的倾角，可以产生更大的压力损失，加大G腔与气液分离室12的压力差，倾角选择为α为3－8度是发明人通过大量实验获得的最佳角度，加大压力差的同时，又不会由于冲击而使叶轮产生较大的震动。若干环形凹槽52同样可以加大G腔与气液分离室12的压力差。
当立式自吸泵停止工作时，止回阀15迅速关闭，阻断了出液管14中高位液体介质的回流，同时进液管16上的真空破坏阀17同步打开，空气进入进液管16，破坏了进液管16里的真空状态，彻底避免了因虹吸现象所引发的泵内液体介质回流排空的现象，储液室13中始终保持着一部分被抽送液体介质，达到了一次引流，自吸泵可以终身自吸的目的。
本发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式，任何人应该得知在本发明的启示下作出的结构变化，凡是与本发明具有相同或相近的技术方案，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1、 立式自吸泵，包括：
泵体，其内腔由设有轴向进水孔的中间隔断板分隔成上、下设置的气液分离室和储液室，所述中间隔断板的上表面上固定有导流体，所述导流体设有轴向通孔以及与该轴向通孔相通的径向导流孔，所述气液分离室和储液室通过轴向进水孔和导流体上的径向导流孔相连通；
电机，固定在泵体的顶面上且驱动垂直向下穿入泵体内腔中的泵轴转动，泵轴的下端固定有叶轮，所述叶轮设置在导流体的轴向通孔内，叶轮的外圆周面与导流体轴向通孔的内壁之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道；
其特征在于，还包括介质回流阻隔装置，所述介质回流阻隔装置包括上、下相对设置的静环和动环以及弹性支承套，所述动环嵌装在叶轮上表面上，所述弹性支承套的外缘向下延伸形成支脚，该支脚固定在导流体的上表面上，所述静环嵌装在弹性支承环的下表面上，静环的下端面突出于弹性支承套的下表面且与所述动环的上端之间设有间隙。
2、如权利要求1所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于还包括阻流降压隔板，所述叶轮的上部呈上小下大的阶梯轴状，所述阻流降压隔板呈上大下小的阶梯套状且沿轴向设有轴孔，所述阻流降压隔板自上而下套装在所述叶轮上且大直径部固定在所述导流体上，所述阻流降压隔板的轴孔内壁与所述叶轮上部小直径部分的外圆周面之间的间隙以及所述阻流降压隔板的下端面与所述叶轮的台阶面之间的间隙形成回流间隙通道。
3、如权利要求2所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于，所述回流间隙通道的间隙大小为0.3－0.5mm。
4、如权利要求2所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于，所述阻流降压隔板的下端面与所述叶轮的台阶面之间的间隙通道具有向下倾斜的倾角。
5、如权利要求4所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于，所述倾角为3－8度。
6、如权利要求2所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于，所述阻流降压隔板的轴孔内壁上设有若干环形凹槽。
7、如权利要求1至6项任一项所述的立式自吸泵，其特征在于，所述动环和静环的材质分别为硬质合金、碳化硅、陶瓷、石墨或聚四氟乙烯。
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