Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
  • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
  • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/193—Colony stimulating factors [CSF]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/20—Interleukins [IL]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/20—Interleukins [IL]
  • A61K38/2013—IL-2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/20—Interleukins [IL]
  • A61K38/2026—IL-4
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
  • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
  • A61K39/001148—Regulators of development
  • A61K39/001149—Cell cycle regulated proteins, e.g. cyclin, CDC, CDK or INK-CCR
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
  • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
  • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
  • C07K14/4738—Cell cycle regulated proteins, e.g. cyclin, CDC, INK-CCR
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
  • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
  • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
  • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
  • C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
  • C12N5/0638—Cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL] or lymphokine activated killer cells [LAK]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
  • G01N2800/24—Immunology or allergic disorders
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
  • G01N2800/70—Mechanisms involved in disease identification
  • G01N2800/7023—(Hyper)proliferation
  • G01N2800/7028—Cancer

Definitions

• the present invention relates to cyclin-derived peptides for use in the improved treatment of cancer in a patient, particularly in the form of a combination therapy using a vaccine.
• Other aspects relate to the use of the peptides or a combination thereof as a diagnostic tool.
• Stimulation of an immune response is dependent upon the presence of antigens recognized as foreign by the host immune system.
• the discovery of the existence of tumor associated antigens has now raised the possibility of using a host's immune system to intervene in tumor growth.
• Various mechanisms of harnessing both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system are currently being explored for cancer immunotherapy.
• Certain elements of the cellular immune response are capable of specifically recognizing and destroying tumor cells.
• CTL cytotoxic T-cells
• the isolation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) from tumor-infiltrating cell populations or from peripheral blood suggests that these cells play an important role in natural immune defenses against cancer (Cheever et al, Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1993 690: 101-112; Zeh HJ, Perry-Lalley D, Dudley ME, Rosenberg SA, Yang JC; J Immunol. 1999, 162(2):989- 94; High avidity CTLs for two self-antigens demonstrate superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy.).
• CD8-positive T-cells in particular, which recognize Class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bearing peptides of usually 8 to 10 amino acid residues derived from proteins or defective ribosomal products (DRiPS) (Schubert U, Anton LC, Gibbs J, Norbury CC, Yewdell JW, Bennink JR.; Rapid degradation of a large fraction of newly synthesized proteins by proteasomes; Nature 2000; 404(6779):770-774) located in the cytosol, play an important role in this response.
• MHC-molecules of the human are also designated as human leukocyte-antigens (HLA).
• MHC-molecules There are two classes of MHC-molecules: MHC class I molecules that can be found on most cells having a nucleus which present peptides that result from proteolytic cleavage of endogenous proteins, DRIPS, and larger peptides. MHC class II molecules can be found predominantly on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and present peptides of exogenous proteins that are taken up by APCs during the course of endocytosis, and are subsequently processed (Cresswell P. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1994; 12:259-93).
• APIs professional antigen presenting cells
• TCR complexes of peptide and MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8-positive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes bearing the appropriate TCR, complexes of peptide and MHC class II molecules are recognized by CD4- positive-helper-T-cells bearing the appropriate TCR. It is well known that the TCR, the peptide and the MHC are thereby abundant in a stoichiometric amount of 1 : 1 : 1.
• CD4-positive helper T-cells play an important role in orchestrating the effector functions of anti-tumor T-cell responses and for this reason the identification of CD4-positive T-cell epitopes derived from tumor associated antigens (TAA) may be of great importance for the development of pharmaceutical products for triggering anti-tumor immune responses (Kobaya- shi,H., R. Omiya, M. Ruiz, E. Huarte, P. Sarobe, J. J. Lasarte, M. Herraiz, B. Sangro, J. Prieto, F. Borras-Cuesta, and E. Celis. 2002. Identification of an antigenic epitope for helper T lymphocytes from carcinoembryonic antigen. Clin.
• CD4+ T cells can lead to locally increased levels of IFNy (Qin Z, Schwartzkopff J, Pradera F, Kammertoens T, Seliger B, Pircher H, Blankenstein T; A critical requirement of interferon gamma-mediated angiostasis for tumor rejection by CD8+ T cells; Cancer Res. 2003 J; 63(14):4095-4100).
• MHC class II molecules In the absence of inflammation, expression of MHC class II molecules is mainly restricted to cells of the immune system, especially professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, macrophages, dendritic cells.
• APC professional antigen-presenting cells
• monocytes e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, macrophages, dendritic cells.
• cells of the tumor have surprisingly been found to express MHC class II molecules (Dengjel J, Nastke MD, Gouttefangeas C, Gitsioudis G, Schoor O, Altenberend F, Miiller M, Kramer B, Missiou A, Sauter M, Hennenlotter J, Wernet D, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Klingel K, Stevanovic S.; Unexpected abundance of HLA class II presented peptides in primary renal cell carcinomas; Clin Cancer Res. 2006; 12:4163-4170).
• HLA class II molecules Since the constitutive expression of HLA class II molecules is usually limited to cells of the immune system (Mach, B., V. Steimle, E. Martinez-Soria, and W. Reith. 1996. Regulation of MHC class II genes: lessons from a disease. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:301-331), the possibility of isolating class II peptides directly from primary tumors was not considered possible. However, Dengjel et al.
• MHC-class-I-binding peptides are usually 8-10 amino acid residues in length and usually contain two conserved residues ("anchors") in their sequence that interact with the corresponding binding groove of the MHC-molecule. In this way each MHC allele has a "binding motif determining which peptides can bind specifically to the binding groove (Rammensee H. G., Bachmann J. and Stevanovic, S; MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs, Chapman & Hall 1998).
• TCR T-cells bearing specific T-cell receptors
• the antigens that are recognized by the tumor specific cytotoxic T- lymphocytes can be molecules derived from all protein classes, such as enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, etc. which are up-regulated in cells of the respective tumor.
• tumor associated antigens for example, can also be unique to tumor cells, for example as products of mutated genes or from alternative open reading frames (ORFs), or from protein splicing (Vigneron N, Stroobant V, Chapiro J, Ooms A, Degiovanni G, Morel S, van der Bruggen P, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ.
• TAAs are a starting point for the development of a tumor vaccine.
• the methods for identifying and characterizing the TAAs are based on the use of CTL that can be isolated from patients or healthy subjects, or they are based on the generation of differential transcription profiles or differential peptide expression patterns between tumors and normal tissues (Lemmel C, Weik S., Eberle U., Dengjel J., Kratt T., Becker H. D., Rammensee H. G., Ste- vanovic S. Nat. Biotechnol. 2004 Apr.; 22(4):450-4, T. Weinschenk, C. Gouttefangeas, M. Schirle, F. Obermayr, S. Walter, O. Schoor, R. Kurek, W. Loeser, K. H. Bichler, D. Wernet, S. Stevanovic, and H. G. Rammensee. Integrated functional genomics approach for the design of patient-individual antitumor vaccines. Cancer Res. 62 (20):5818-5827, 2002.).
• T-helper cells play an important role in orchestrating the effector function of CTLs in antitumor immunity.
• T-helper cell epitopes that trigger a T-helper cell response of the T RI type support effector functions of CD8-positive killer T-cells, which include cytotoxic functions directed against tumor cells displaying tumor-associated peptide/MHC complexes on their cell surfaces.
• tumor-associated T-helper cell epitopes alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides, can serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions which stimulate anti-tumor immune responses.
• Cyclin Dl belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, more specifically to the cyclin D subfamily (Lew DJ, Dulic V, Reed SI (1991). Isolation of three novel human cyclins by rescue of Gl cyclin (Cln) function in yeast. Cell 66, 1197-1206; Xiong Y, Connolly T, Futcher
• Cyclin Dl forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle Gl/S transition.
• CCND1 forms a serine/threonine kinase holoenzyme complex with CDK4 and CDK6 imparting substrate specificity to the complex (Bates S, Bonetta L, MacAllan D, Parry D, Holder A, Dickson C, Peters G (1994).
• CDK6 (PLSTIRE) and CDK4 (PSK-J3) are a distinct subset of the cyclin-dependent kinases that associate with cyclin Dl . Oncogene 9, 71-79).
• mantle cell lymphoma which is characterized by a t(l I;14)(ql3;q32) translocation that juxtaposes the protooncogene CCND1 at chromosome l lql3 to the Ig heavy chain gene at chromosome 14q32 (Wang et al, 2009; Kondo et al, 2008).
• a common A/G single nucleotide polymorphism results in two distinct mRNA iso- forms a and b in cyclin Dl .
• the alternately spliced isoform b encodes a truncated protein which has been linked to higher incidence of tumor onset including sporadic RCC, lung cancer, colon cancer, and other cancer types (Fu M, Wang C, LI Z, Sakamaki T, Pestell RG (2004). Minireview: Cyclin Dl : normal and abnormal functions.
• Cyclin Dl overexpression and prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma Oncology 55, 145-151; McKay JA, Douglas JJ, Ross VG, Curran S, Murray GI, Cassidy J, McLeod HL (2000). Cyclin Dl protein expression and gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer. Aberdeen Colorectal Initiative. Int. J Cancer 88, 77-81; Bahnassy AA, Zekri AR, El- Houssini S, El-Shehaby AM, Mahmoud MR, Abdallah S, El-Serafi M (2004). Cyclin A and cyclin Dl as significant prognostic markers in colorectal cancer patients. BMC. Gastroenterol.
• CCNDl is a target gene of the ⁇ -Catenin-TCF/LEF pathway which is frequently upregulated in colorectal carcinoma (Shtutman M, Zhurinsky J, Simcha I, Albanese C, DAmico M, Pestell R, Ben- Ze'ev A (1999).
• the cyclin Dl gene is a target of the beta-catenin/LEF-1 pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 96, 5522-5527; Tetsu O, McCormick F (1999). Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin Dl in colon carcinoma cells. Nature 398, 422-426).
• the cyclin peptide CCN-001 (LLGATCMFV) was identified by Sadovnikova and colleagues (Sadovnikova E, Jopling LA, Soo KS, Stauss HJ (1998). Generation of human tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells against peptides presented by non-self HLA class I molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 193-200). After induction of alio -restricted T cells (i.e.
• Resulting CTLs could kill cyclin D1+ expressing cells, including primary lymphoma cells from HLA-A2+ mantle cell lymphoma patients.
• the peptide was also used in other studies (Kondo E, Gryschok L, Klein- Gonzalez N, Rademacher S, Weihrauch MR, Liebig T, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Ko- chanek M, Draube A, von Bergwelt-Baildon MS (2009a).
• CD40-activated B cells can be generated in high number and purity in cancer patients: analysis of immunogenicity and homing potential.
• WO 2005/035714 describes vaccines for treating or preventing cancer, comprising tumor- associated HLA-restricted antigens, and in particular HLA-A2 restricted antigens.
• cyclin D peptides are provided. Such peptides can be used to elicit specific CTLs that preferentially attack tumor cells.
• the cyclin D peptide may comprise the sequence LLGATCMFV, or a fragment thereof. Further described is a method for treating or preventing a cancer in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a vaccine comprising a peptide.
• the method may further comprise treating the patient with a second anticancer agent, wherein the second anticancer agent is selected from a long list of agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents, such as, for example cyclophosphamide.
• the second anticancer agent may be administered simultaneously with the vaccine, or administered at a different time than the vaccine. Nevertheless, WO 2005/035714 does not describe any advantages regarding a combination treatment using cyclin Dl peptides.
• the object of the present invention is solved by a peptide consisting of or essentially consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 18 for use in the treatment of cancer in a patient, or a combination comprising at least one peptide consisting of or essentially consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 18 for use in the treatment of cancer in a patient.
• the cancer can be selected from the group of lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, esophageal cancer, bone cancer, testicular cancer, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, pre-neoplastic lesions in the lung, colon cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer and any other neoplastic diseases.
• peptides that consist of an amino acid sequence according to any of SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 18.
• Consisting essentially of shall mean that a peptide, in addition to the sequence according to any of SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 18 contains additional N- and/or C-terminally located stretches of amino acids that are not necessarily forming part of the peptide that functions as core sequence of the peptide comprising the binding motif and as an immunogenic T-helper epitope. Nevertheless, these stretches can be important in order to provide for an efficient introduction of the peptide into the cells.
• the following table lists the cyclin Dl -derived peptides as used in the context of the present invention.
• the peptide as used in the present invention is a fusion protein and comprises the 80 N-terminal amino acids of the HLA-DR antigen- associated invariant chain (p33, in the following "Ii") as derived from the NCBI, GenBank Accession-number X00497 (Strubin, M., Mach, B. and Long, E.O.
• the complete sequence of the mRNA for the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain reveals a polypeptide with an unusual transmembrane polarity EMBO J. 3 (4), 869-872 (1984).
• a peptide as used in the present invention is larger than around 12 amino acid residues is used directly to bind to a MHC molecule, it is preferred that the residues that flank the core HLA binding region are ones that do not substantially affect the ability of the peptide to bind specifically to the binding groove of the MHC molecule or to present the peptide to the CTL.
• larger peptides may be used, especially when encoded by a polynucleotide, since these larger peptides may be fragmented by suitable antigen-presenting cells.
• Examples for peptides of MHC ligands, motifs, variants, as well as certain examples for N- and/or C-terminal extensions can be, for example, derived from the database SYFPEITHI (Rammensee H, Bachmann J, Emmerich NP, Bachor OA, Stevanovic S. SYFPEITHI: database for MHC ligands and peptide motifs. Immunogenetics. 1999 Nov; 50(3-4):213-9) at http://syfpeithi.bmi-heidelberg.com/, and the references as cited therein.
• a preferred MHC class I specific peptide as used in the present invention exhibits an overall length of between 9 and 16, preferably between 9 and 12 amino acids.
• MHC class I specific "Core sequences" having a certain HLA-specific amino acid motif for HLA class I-molecules are known to the person of skill and these sequences can be predicted, for example, by the computer programs PAProC (http://www.uni- tuebingen.de/uni/kxi/) and SYFPEITHI (http://www.syfpeithi.de).
• peptide the inventors include not only molecules in which amino acid residues are joined by peptide (-CO-NH-) linkages but also molecules in which the peptide bond is reversed.
• retro-inverso peptidomimetics may be made using methods known in the art, for example such as those described in Meziere et al (1997) J. Immunol. 159, 3230-3237, incorporated herein by reference. This approach involves making pseudopeptides containing changes involving the backbone, and not the orientation of side chains. Meziere et al (1997) show that, at least for MHC class II and T helper cell responses, these pseudopeptides are useful.
• Retro-inverse peptides which contain NH-CO bonds instead of CO-NH peptide bonds, are much more resistant to proteolysis.
• the peptide as used in the present invention includes the amino acid sequence as indicated, and at least one further T-cell epitope wherein the further T-cell epitope is able to facilitate the production of a T-cell response directed at the type of tumor that aberrantly expresses a tumor-associated antigen.
• the peptides of the invention include so-called "beads on a string" polypeptides which can also be used as vaccines. It will be appreciated from the following that in some applications the peptides as used in the present invention may be used directly (i.e.
• a preferred peptide of the present invention exhibits an overall length of between 9 and 30 amino acids.
• a "combination” shall mean 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 different peptides or even more peptides as used in the present invention.
• a suitable vaccine will preferably contain 4, 5, 6 or 7 different peptides, and most preferably 6 different peptides.
• a combination can also be dependent from the specific type of cancer that the patient to be treated is suffering from as well as the status of the disease, earlier treatment regimens, the immune status of the patient, and, of course, the HLA-genotype of the patient.
• Preferred combinations are selected from at least one of a peptide selected from SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No.
• a combination shall include the peptides both in separate or joint containers or dosage forms, which can be administered simultaneously or in separate dosages, as long as the peptides exhibit a combined effect, in particular a therapeutic effect, in the context of the treatment as described herein.
• the peptides or combination as used in the present invention are particularly useful in immu- notherapeutic methods to effectively target and kill cancer cells which express or aberrantly express cyclin Dl .
• composition vaccine comprising a (synthetic) peptide or peptides or a combination thereof as described above.
• the composition vaccine can also be dependent from the specific type of cancer that the patient to be treated is suffering from as well as the status of the disease, earlier treatment regimens, the immune status of the patient, and, of course, the HLA-genotype of the patient.
• a combination comprising SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 19; or SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 20; or SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 19, and SEQ ID No. 20;
• the invention also provides a combination comprising SEQ ID No. 6, and at least one peptide selected from SEQ ID No. 1 to 5, and 7 to 14; and a combination comprising SEQ ID No. 5, and at least one peptide selected from SEQ ID No. 1 to 4 and SEQ ID No. 6 to 14.
• the invention also provides a combination as above which consists of the peptides as indicated.
• the peptide or combination as used according to the present invention preferably constitutes a tumor or cancer vaccine. It may be administered directly into the patient, into the affected organ or systemically, or applied ex vivo to cells derived from the patient or a human cell line which are subsequently administered to the patient, or used in vitro to select a subpopulation from immune cells derived from the patient, which are then re-administered to the patient.
• the peptide may be substantially pure, or combined with an immune-stimulating adjuvant such as Detox, or used in combination with immune-stimulatory cytokines, or be administered with a suitable delivery system, for example liposomes.
• the peptide may also be conjugated to a suitable carrier such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or mannan (see WO 95/18145 and Longenecker et al (1993) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 690, 276-291).
• KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin
• mannan see WO 95/18145 and Longenecker et al (1993) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 690, 276-291.
• the peptide may also be tagged, or be a fusion protein, or be a hybrid molecule.
• CD4-positive T cell stimulating epitopes are well known in the art and include those identified in tetanus toxoid.
• the peptide for use in a cancer vaccine may be any suitable peptide.
• it may be a suitable 9-mer peptide or a suitable 7-mer or 8-mer or 10-mer or 11-mer peptide or 12-mer.
• Longer peptides may also be suitable, but 9-mer or 10-mer peptides as described in Table 1 as herein are preferred for HLA-class I peptides.
• the peptides may be given intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intravenously or subcutaneous ly. It is preferred if the vaccine is administered into the muscle. It is also preferred if the vaccine is administered into the skin, i.e. intradermally.
• a further aspect of the invention provides a peptide as used in the present invention for intravenous (i.v.) injection, sub-cutaneous (s.c.) injection, intradermal (i.d.) injection, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Preferred ways of peptide injection are s.c, i.d., i.p., i.m., and i.v.
• Doses of between 100 ⁇ g and 100 mg of peptide or DNA may be given, preferred is a range between 200 ⁇ g and 800 ⁇ g, even more preferred is a range between 200 ⁇ g and 600 ⁇ g and even more preferred a range between 400 ⁇ g and 500 ⁇ g and most preferred about 413 ⁇ g.
• the peptide vaccine may be administered without adjuvant.
• the peptides as active pharmaceutical components are given in combination with an adjuvant, such as, for example, IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or complete Freund's adjuvant.
• an adjuvant such as, for example, IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or complete Freund's adjuvant.
• the most preferred adjuvants can be found in, for example, Brinkman JA, Fausch SC, Weber JS, Kast WM. Peptide-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2004 Feb;4(2): 181-98.
• the peptide vaccine may also be administered with an adjuvant such as BCG or alum.
• Suitable adjuvants include Aquila's QS21 stimulon (Aquila Biotech, Worcester, MA, USA) which is derived from saponin, mycobacterial extracts and synthetic bacterial cell wall mimics, and proprietory adjuvants such as Ribi's Detox.
• Quil A another saponin derived adjuvant, may also be used (Superfos, Denmark).
• Other adjuvants such as CpG oligonucleotides, stabilized RNA, Imiquimod (commercially available under the trade name Aldara® from 3M Pharma, U.S.A.), Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (commercially available as Montanide ISA-51 from Seppic S.A., Paris, France), or liposomal formulations may also be useful. It may also be useful to give the peptide conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, preferably also with an adjuvant.
• the vaccine may be administered more than once.
• the therapeutically effective amount may be in the range of 0.20 mg to 5.0 mg, or in the range of 0.025 mg to 1.0 mg, or in the range of 2.0 mg to 5.0 mg of the peptide or the combination.
• said peptide or combination is administered repeatedly, such as, for example, monthly, weekly, or every second week.
• Vaccination results in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses stimulated by professional antigen presenting cells; once CTL are primed, there may be an advantage in enhancing MHC expression in tumor cells. It may also be useful to target the vaccine to specific cell populations, for example antigen presenting cells, either by the site of injection, use of targeting vectors and delivery systems, or selective purification of such a cell population from the patient and ex vivo administration of the peptide (for example dendritic cells may be sorted as described in Zhou et al (1995) Blood 86, 3295-3301; Roth et al (1996) Scand. J. Immunology 43, 646-651).
• the peptide or combination as used in the present invention are administered to a host either alone or in combination with another cancer therapy, preferably in order to inhibit or suppress the formation of tumors.
• the peptides and combinations as used in the present invention may be used in the context of cancers, which may include lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, esophageal cancer, bone cancer, testicular cancer, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, pre-neoplastic lesions in the lung, colon cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer and any other neoplastic diseases.
• cancers may include lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, esophageal cancer, bone cancer, testicular cancer, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, pre-neoplastic lesions in the lung, colon cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer and any other neoplastic diseases.
• Preferred are renal cancer, colon cancer or glioblasto
• the treatment of a cancer may be implemented using the peptides and combinations as used in the present invention and other anti-cancer therapies, such as anti-cancer agents.
• the inventive use thus may further comprise treating the patient with a second anticancer agent, wherein the second anticancer agent is a therapeutic polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a therapeutic polypeptide, a chemotherapeutic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, or a radio therapeutic agent.
• the second anticancer agent may be administered simultaneously with the vaccine, or administered at a different time than the vaccine, preferably as one dosage before the vaccine.
• the use of the peptide or combination according to the invention which further comprises a treatment with at least one chemotherapeutic agent, such as, for example, an agent inactivating and/or eliminating CD4+CD25+ T cells in said patient, preferably CD4+ CD25hi FOXP3+ CD1271o T cells, such as, for example, cyclophosphamide.
• chemotherapeutic agent such as, for example, an agent inactivating and/or eliminating CD4+CD25+ T cells in said patient, preferably CD4+ CD25hi FOXP3+ CD1271o T cells, such as, for example, cyclophosphamide.
• the use of the peptide or combination according to the invention wherein said treatment with said least one chemotherapeutic agent takes place before the administration of said peptide or combination, and is preferably given as a single dosage.
• Particularly preferred is the use of the peptide or combination according to the invention, wherein said treatment with said least one chemotherapeutic agent takes place before the administration of said peptide or combination, and is preferably given as a single dosage, such as, for example, cyclophosphamide in a dosage of 300 mg/m 2 , preferably as a single infusion.
• peptide or combination according to the invention wherein said treatment is an adjuvant treatment following a prior TKI therapy, such as, for example, with sunitinib or sorafenib, and/or a prior cytokine therapy, such as, for example, with interferon or interleukin.
• a prior TKI therapy such as, for example, with sunitinib or sorafenib
• cytokine therapy such as, for example, with interferon or interleukin.
• cytokine therapy comprises a cytokine therapy, followed by a single-dose cyclophosphamide therapy, followed by the administration of the vaccine as a 1 st week priming with vaccinations at days 1,2,3,7, and then every two weeks for at least 6 months.
• an "anti-cancer” agent is capable of negatively affecting cancer in a subject, for example, by killing cancer cells, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, reducing the growth rate of cancer cells, reducing the incidence or number of metastases, reducing tumor size, inhibiting tumor growth, reducing the blood supply to a tumor or cancer cells, promoting an immune response against cancer cells or a tumor, preventing or inhibiting the progression of cancer, or increasing the lifespan of a subject with cancer.
• Preferred anti-cancer agents include chemotherapy agents.
• tumor-associated HLA- restricted peptide therapy based on the peptide or combination as used could be used similarly in conjunction with chemotherapeutic intervention.
• the immunotherapeutic agent may be GM-CSF, CD40 ligand, anti-CD28 mAbs, anti-CTL-4 mAbs, anti-4-lBB (CD137) mAbs, and an oligonucleotide.
• the chemotherapeutic agent may be doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dactinomycin, mitoxantrone, cisplatin, procarbazine, mitomycin, carboplatin, bleomycin, etoposide, teniposide, mechlroethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifos- famide, melphalan, chlorambucil, ifosfamide, melphalan, hexamethylmelamine, thiopeta, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, adriamycin, 5- fluorouracil (5FU), camptothec
• the peptide or combination or respective vaccine is "A” and the secondary therapy is "B": A/B/A, B/A/B, B/B/A, A/A/B, A/B/B, B/A/A, A/B/B/B, B/A/B/B, B/B/B/A, B/B/A/B, A/A/B/B, A/B/A/B, A/B/B/A, B/B/A/A, B/A/B/A, B/A/A/B, A/A/A/B, B/A/A/A, A/B/A/A, A/B/A/A, A/A/B/A.
• Administration of the peptide or combination as used in the present invention to a patient will follow general protocols for the administration of that particular secondary therapy, taking into account the toxicity, if any, of the tumor-associated HLA-restricted peptide treatment. It is expected that the treatment cycles would be repeated as necessary. It also is contemplated that various standard therapies, as well as surgical intervention, may be applied in combination with the described cancer cell. Nevertheless, preferred is a single dosage treatment as described further below.
• human monoclonal antibodies are further employed as a passive immunotherapy, as they produce few or no side effects in the patient.
• Peptides (at least those containing peptide linkages between amino acid residues) may be synthesized by the Fmoc-polyamide mode of solid-phase peptide synthesis as disclosed by Lu et al (1981) J. Org. Chem. 46, 3433 and references therein. Temporary N-amino group protection is afforded by the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. Repetitive cleavage of this highly base-labile protecting group is effected using 20 % piperidine in N, N- dimethylformamide.
• Side-chain functionalities may be protected as their butyl ethers (in the case of serine threonine and tyrosine), butyl esters (in the case of glutamic acid and aspartic acid), butyloxycarbonyl derivative (in the case of lysine and histidine), trityl derivative (in the case of cysteine) and 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulphonyl derivative (in the case of arginine).
• glutamine or asparagine are C-terminal residues, use is made of the 4,4'- dimethoxybenzhydryl group for protection of the side chain amido functionalities.
• the solid- phase support is based on a polydimethyl-acrylamide polymer constituted from the three monomers dimethylacrylamide (backbone-monomer), bisacryloylethylene diamine (cross linker) and acryloylsarcosine methyl ester (functionalizing agent).
• the peptide-to-resin cleav- able linked agent used is the acid-labile 4-hydroxymethyl-phenoxyacetic acid derivative. All amino acid derivatives are added as their preformed symmetrical anhydride derivatives with the exception of asparagine and glutamine, which are added using a reversed N, N- dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole mediated coupling procedure.
• Trifluoroacetic acid is removed by evaporation in vacuo, with subsequent trituration with diethyl ether affording the crude peptide.
• Any scavengers present are removed by a simple extraction procedure which on lyophilization of the aqueous phase affords the crude peptide free of scavengers.
• Reagents for peptide synthesis are generally available from Calbiochem- Novabiochem (UK) Ltd, Nottingham NG7 2Q J, UK.
• Purification may be effected by any one, or a combination of, techniques such as size exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and (usually) reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography using acetoni- trile/water gradient separation.
• Analysis of peptides may be carried out using thin layer chromatography, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, amino-acid analysis after acid hydrolysis and by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric analysis, as well as MALDI and ESI-mass spectrometric analysis.
• FAB fast atom bombardment
• host cells are useful in the preparation of the peptides as used in the invention, for example bacterial, yeast and insect cells.
• other host cells may be useful in certain therapeutic methods.
• antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, may usefully be used to express the peptides as used in the invention such that they may be loaded into appropriate MHC molecules.
• a further aspect of the invention provides the use of the peptide or combination according to the present invention for producing activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro, comprising contacting CTL with peptide or combination loaded human class I or II MHC molecules expressed on the surface of a suitable antigen-presenting cell for a period of time sufficient to activate said CTL in an antigen specific manner.
• CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
• a further aspect of the invention provides a method of killing target cells in a patient which target cells aberrantly express a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of the invention, the method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a peptide according to the invention, or an effective amount of a polynucleotide or an expression vector encoding a said peptide, wherein the amount of said peptide or amount of said polynucleotide or expression vector is effective to provoke an anti-target cell immune response in said patient.
• the target cell is typically a tumor or cancer cell.
• the target cells are cancer cells as described above, more preferably renal or colon cancer cells.
• a further aspect of the invention includes in particular the use of the peptides of the invention for active in vivo vaccination; for manipulation of autologous dendritic cells in vitro followed by introduction of the so -manipulated dendritic cells in vivo to activate CTL responses; to activate autologous CTL in vitro followed by adoptive therapy (i.e. the so -manipulated CTL are introduced into the patient); and to activate CTL from healthy donors (MHC matched or mismatched) in vitro followed by adoptive therapy.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of the peptide or combination according to the invention as a diagnostic tool in order to detect and/or monitor an activation or modulation of the immune system of a patient.
• the peptides can be used to detect a response to an anti-cancer treatment, in particular a non-peptide based treatment, or any other suitable treatment resulting in immune system activation or modulation.
• the peptides can be labeled.
• antibodies against the peptides (or combinations) can also be used.
• the diagnosis can be performed in vivo or in vitro.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of the peptide or combination according to the invention as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of cancer.
• the presence of the peptides or a combination thereof in the patient indicates cancer.
• pre- vaccination responses against CCN-001 and CEA-004 were found in certain cancer patients.
• the peptides can be labeled.
• antibodies against the peptides (or combinations) can also be used.
• the diagnosis can be performed in vivo or in vitro.
• isolated refers to material which is substantially or essentially free from components which normally accompany the material as it is found in its native state.
• isolated peptides in accordance with the invention preferably do not contain materials normally associated with the peptides in their in situ environment.
• a further aspect of the invention then relates to a peptide comprising a sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6, or a variant thereof that is at least 85% homologous to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6, or a variant thereof that induces T cells cross- reacting with said variant peptide; wherein said peptide is not the respective (underlying) full- length polypeptide.
• said peptide is selected from a peptide having a specific HLA- subtype, such as HLA-A*02.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a nucleic acid, encoding a peptide according to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6 or a variant thereof according to the present invention or an expression vector capable of expressing said nucleic acid.
• the present invention relates to a host cell comprising the nucleic acid or the expression vector according to the present invention, wherein said host cell preferably is an antigen presenting cell, in particular a dendritic cell or antigen presenting cell.
• the present invention relates to an in vitro method for producing activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), comprising contacting in vitro CTL with antigen loaded human class I MHC molecules expressed on the surface of a suitable antigen- presenting cell or an artificial construct mimicking an antigen-presenting cell for a period of time sufficient to activate said CTL in an antigen specific manner, wherein said antigen is a peptide according to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6 of the present invention.
• CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
• the present invention relates to a kit, comprising: (a) a container that contains a pharmaceutical composition containing a peptide according to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6 according to the present invention, the nucleic acid or the expression vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or an activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte according to the present invention, in solution or in lyophilized form; (b) optionally, a second container containing a diluent or reconstituting solution for the lyophilized formulation; (c) optionally, at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of the peptides according to SEQ ID NOs 1 to 4 and 7 to 26, and (d) optionally, instructions for the use of the solution and/or the reconstitution and/or use of the lyophilized formulation.
• the present invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to a human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I being complexed with a HLA-restricted antigen according to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6 according to the present invention, wherein the antibody preferably is a polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody and/or a chimeric antibody.
• MHC human major histocompatibility complex
• a further aspect of the invention then relates to a method for treating a cancerous disease, based on the use of the peptide or combination or vaccines as described above.
• Figure 1 shows the amino acid sequence of cyclin Dl according to SEQ ID No. 27, with the positions of the tumor associated peptides as used in the present invention indicated in bold.
• Figure 2 shows the average overexpression of CCND1 in renal cancer cells (ccRCC) against the average expression in normal tissues (Figure 2A) as 3.0-fold (expression data from dataset 1), and separately analyzed 5.7-fold in primary tumors and 5.4-fold in metastases (Figure 2B, expression data from independent dataset 2). 60% of primary tumors showed an overexpression against normal kidney ( Figure 2A, black bars with an "I” from "increased” above the bar).
• Figure 3 shows the better PFS (A) and overall survival (OS) (B) in IMA901 -vaccinated patients with prior cytokine therapy (dashed lines), compared to patients with prior TKI therapy (solid lines).
• Figure 4 shows the overall survival (OS) of the CCN-001 containing vaccine IMA901 (as described, for example, in EP 1760089, herewith incorporated by reference) versus Sutent® (A) and versus Nexavar® (B) as 2nd line post cytokine treatment.
• OS overall survival
• Figure 5 shows reduction of regulatory T cells in the patient group pretreated with cyclophosphamide (+CY). Absolute counts are shown in (A), per cent change from baseline is shown in (B).
• Figure 6 shows that patients responding against CCN-001 survive significantly longer than non-CCN-001 -responding patients (A). This favorable effect of T cell response against CCN- 001 was even more evident within the patient group pretreated with cyclophosphamide (B).
• Figure 7 shows vaccine induced responses to CCN-001.
• Patients were immunized at various time points with IMA910 peptide-cocktail (as described, for example, in WO2009/015841, herewith incorporated by reference) in the presence of GM-CSF (Cohort 1) or GM-CSF + Imiquimod (Cohort 2).
• Immune responses to HLA-A*0201 binding peptides were investigated within immuno -monitoring analyses by multimer assay. Subsequently, PBMCs of patients were in vitro sensitized and analyzed by flow cytometric analysis and multimer staining.
• SEQ ID No. 1 to 26 show peptides as used in the context of the present invention.
• SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 6 show cyclin peptides according to the present invention.
• SEQ ID No. 27 shows the amino acid sequence of cyclin Dl .
• peptides as used according to the present invention were identified using the XPRESIDENT® technology as described (see, for example, Weinschenk et al. Integrated Functional Genomics Approach for the Design of Patient-individual Antitumor Vaccines, CANCER RESEARCH 62, 5818-5827, October 15, 2002) on the basis of renal cancer cells.
• the average overexpression of cyclin Dl (CCND1) in ccRCC against the average expression in normal tissues was 3.0-fold, and 5.7-fold in primary tumors and 5.4-fold in metastases. 55% of primary tumors showed an overexpression against normal kidney.
• CCN-006 For the peptide CCN-006, only a weak binding to HLA-A*02 was predicted. Indeed, CCN- 006 seems to be a HLA-A*68 binder.
• the new peptide CCN-007 is a moderate binder to HLA A*02.
• CCN-003 binds to HLA class-II, and thus appears DRB 1 *0401 restricted.
• PFS progression-free survival
• OS overall survival
• DCR Disease Control Rate
• the vaccine containing the cyclin peptide showed a better OS than other 2nd line post cytokine treatments (Sutent® or Nexavar®).
• PFS Progression-free survival
• a prior low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment further significantly improved the outcome of the treatment using the vaccine.
• the low-dose cyclophosphamide reduced the number of regulatory T cells. Comparison between survival of patients responding against CCN-001 versus non-CCN-001- responding patients showed significant longer survival for patients in which a CCN-001 response could be induced by vaccination. This favorable effect of T cell response against CCN-001 was even more evident within the patient group pretreated with cyclophosphamide.

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