WO2011148818A1 - Dispositif de purification des gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif de purification des gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011148818A1
WO2011148818A1 PCT/JP2011/061221 JP2011061221W WO2011148818A1 WO 2011148818 A1 WO2011148818 A1 WO 2011148818A1 JP 2011061221 W JP2011061221 W JP 2011061221W WO 2011148818 A1 WO2011148818 A1 WO 2011148818A1
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exhaust
exhaust gas
nox
injection
post
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PCT/JP2011/061221
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
長岡　大治
輝男 中田
裕之 遊座
智宏 是永
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いすゞ自動車株式会社
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Publication of WO2011148818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011148818A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/10—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device for reducing flow resistance, e.g. to obtain more engine power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • NOx purification catalysts that reduce and purify NOx in exhaust gas, and diesel particulate filters that collect particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as PM) in exhaust gas (
  • PM particulate matter
  • exhaust gas purification devices in combination with DPF have been studied.
  • this NOx purification catalyst for example, an occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst (hereinafter referred to as LNT) and a selective reduction type NOx catalyst (hereinafter referred to as SCR) are known.
  • LNT occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst
  • SCR selective reduction type NOx catalyst
  • LNT occludes NOx in the exhaust gas when the exhaust gas is in a lean atmosphere, and releases NOx when the exhaust gas is in a rich atmosphere, and reduces NOx with CO, HC, H2, etc. in the exhaust gas Purify.
  • the SCR reduces and purifies NOx in the exhaust gas by promoting a reduction reaction between ammonia (NH3) supplied as a reducing agent and NOx.
  • NH3 ammonia
  • the DPF collects PM in the exhaust gas, oxidizes fuel supplied by post injection or exhaust injection, and regenerates by burning and removing the PM accumulated by heat generated by the oxidation.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an exhaust gas purification device including an oxidation catalyst (hereinafter referred to as DOC), SCR, and DPF as an aftertreatment device as an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses an exhaust gas purification device provided with DOC, LNT, and DPF as an aftertreatment device as an exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • the DOC and the DPF are heated to the PM combustion temperature (for example, about 600 ° C.).
  • the PM combustion temperature for example, about 600 ° C.
  • platinum (Pd) or the like carried on the DOC may scatter and adhere to the inside of the LNT or SCR provided on the downstream side. If platinum or the like adheres in this way, the attached platinum or the like has an oxidizing ability, and NOx reduction and purification may be inhibited, or N2 and NH3 after NOx reduction may be oxidized again to become NOx, thereby reducing the NOx purification ability. There is.
  • the DOC upstream of the SCR or LNT it may be possible not to arrange the DOC upstream of the SCR or LNT, but in this case, the low temperature characteristics of the SCR or LNT are reduced, and NOx purification at low temperatures is performed. The rate may decrease.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems. With a simple configuration, the NOx purification catalyst is prevented from being deteriorated by the influence of heat during DPF regeneration, and the NOx purification rate of the NOx purification catalyst is effectively reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine that can be effectively suppressed.
  • an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a first aftertreatment device that is provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and has a NOx purification catalyst that purifies NOx in the exhaust, A second aftertreatment device provided in the exhaust passage on the downstream side of the first aftertreatment device and having an oxidation catalyst and a filter for collecting particulate matter in the exhaust; and the first aftertreatment device A bypass passage that branches from the exhaust passage on the upstream side and joins the exhaust passage between the first aftertreatment device and the second aftertreatment device, and an opening / closing means that opens and closes the bypass passage; When the filter is regenerated to burn and remove the particulate matter deposited on the filter, the opening / closing means is opened, and post-injection for supplying fuel from the fuel injection valve of the internal combustion engine to supply fuel to the oxidation catalyst is performed. Control to perform Characterized in that it comprises a stage.
  • the control means further includes a first exhaust passage injection means provided in the exhaust passage between the junction portion of the bypass passage and the second aftertreatment device, and supplying fuel to the oxidation catalyst.
  • the opening / closing means is opened, and the post injection or the exhaust injection for supplying the fuel from the first exhaust passage injection means is performed so as to supply the fuel to the oxidation catalyst. Good.
  • the exhaust gas passage further includes NOx detecting means provided in the exhaust passage on the upstream side of the first aftertreatment device, and detecting NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
  • NOx detecting means provided in the exhaust passage on the upstream side of the first aftertreatment device, and detecting NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
  • the opening / closing means is closed, and exhaust injection for supplying fuel from the post injection or the first exhaust passage injection means is performed to supply fuel to the oxidation catalyst. It may be.
  • a second exhaust passage injection that is provided in the exhaust passage between the branch portion of the bypass passage and the first aftertreatment device and supplies fuel to the oxidation catalyst when the opening / closing means is open; And the control means opens the opening and closing means and supplies the fuel to the oxidation catalyst when the first exhaust passage injection means does not operate during the regeneration of the filter.
  • the fuel may be injected from the two exhaust passage injection means.
  • the NOx purification catalyst of the first aftertreatment device may be a selective reduction type NOx catalyst.
  • the NOx purification catalyst of the first aftertreatment device may be an NOx storage reduction catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine of the present invention it is possible to suppress the NOx purification catalyst from being deteriorated by the influence of heat during DPF regeneration with a simple configuration, and to effectively reduce the NOx purification rate of the NOx purification catalyst. Can be deterred.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas purification device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows control ECU of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a flow which shows the bypass valve opening / closing control of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a pre-stage flow showing PM regeneration control of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a latter-stage flow which shows PM regeneration control of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows control ECU of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a flow which shows LNT regeneration control of the exhaust-gas purification apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention.
  • First embodiment> 1 to 5 illustrate an exhaust gas purification device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
  • a first DOC (oxidation catalyst) 22 and a selective reduction type NOx catalyst (hereinafter referred to as “NOx catalyst”) that purifies NOx in exhaust gas in order from the upstream side.
  • a pre-stage post-processing device (first post-processing device) 20 having an (SCR) 23 is provided in the exhaust passage 11 on the downstream side of the pre-treatment device 20, a diesel patties that collect the second DOC (oxidation catalyst) 24 and particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as PM) in the exhaust gas in order from the upstream side.
  • a post-stage post-processing device (second post-processing device) 21 having a curative filter (hereinafter referred to as DPF) 25 is provided.
  • the exhaust passage 11 branches from the exhaust passage 11 on the upstream side of the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 to bypass the pre-stage post-treatment device 20, and is connected between the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 and the post-stage post-treatment device 21.
  • a bypass passage 12 that joins the exhaust passage 11 is provided.
  • bypass passage 12 is provided with a bypass valve 13 for introducing / blocking exhaust gas to / from the bypass passage 12 by opening and closing.
  • the bypass valve 13 When the bypass valve 13 is closed, the bypass passage 12 is shut off, and the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust passage 11 and is guided to the pre-stage post-treatment device 20.
  • the bypass valve 13 when the bypass valve 13 is opened, most of the exhaust gas flows through the bypass passage 12 with low pressure loss and is led to the post-stage post-treatment device 21. That is, when the bypass valve 13 is opened, the flow rate of the exhaust gas to the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 is extremely reduced.
  • the bypass valve 13 and a bypass valve control unit 42 of the control ECU 40 which will be described later, constitute an opening / closing means of the present invention.
  • a first exhaust injection valve (first exhaust passage injection) is provided in the exhaust passage 11 located between the front post-treatment device 20 and the rear post-treatment device 21 and downstream of the junction 12b with the bypass passage 12. Means) 14 is provided.
  • a second exhaust injection valve (second exhaust passage injection means) 15 is provided in the exhaust passage 11 located upstream of the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 and upstream of the branching portion 12a with the bypass passage 12. Is provided.
  • the first exhaust injection valve 14 injects unburned fuel (HC) into the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 11 based on a control signal output from a control ECU 40 (control means) described later.
  • the injected fuel is supplied to the second DOC 24 of the post-processing device 21.
  • the second exhaust injection valve 15 injects fuel (HC) into the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 11 based on a control signal output from the control ECU 40 described later.
  • the injected fuel is supplied to the first DOC 22 of the pre-stage post-processing device 20 when the bypass valve 13 is closed.
  • most of the injected fuel is supplied to the second DOC 24 of the post-stage post-treatment device 21 when the bypass valve 13 is open.
  • a urea water injection device 16 for supplying a reducing agent to the SCR 23 is provided.
  • the urea water injected from the urea water injection device 16 into the exhaust passage 11 is hydrolyzed in the exhaust gas to generate ammonia (NH 3), and this ammonia is supplied to the SCR 23 as a reducing agent.
  • 1st DOC22 and 2nd DOC24 oxidize unburned fuel (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), etc. in exhaust gas. Due to the heat generated by this oxidation, the first DOC 22 raises the temperature of the SCR 23 to the catalyst activation temperature, and the second DOC 24 raises the DPF 25 to the PM combustion temperature (for example, 600 ° C.). Further, when the excess ammonia slips from the SCR 23, the second DOC 24 oxidizes and removes the excess ammonia from the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR 23 promotes a reduction reaction between ammonia (NH 3) that is a reducing agent supplied from the urea water injection device 16 and NOx in the exhaust gas.
  • NH 3 ammonia
  • 2NH3 + NO + NO2 ⁇ 2N2 + 3H2O (Formula 1)
  • 4NH3 + 4NO + O2 ⁇ 4N2 + 6H2O (Formula 2)
  • the DPF 25 collects PM in the exhaust gas, and at the time of regeneration control, the DPF 25 raises the temperature to the PM combustion temperature (for example, about 600 ° C.), thereby burning and removing the accumulated PM.
  • the PM combustion temperature for example, about 600 ° C.
  • the upstream exhaust passage 11 of the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 is provided with a NOx sensor (NOx detection means) 18 for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 10 and flowing in the exhaust passage 11.
  • the post-stage post-processing device 21 is provided with a differential pressure sensor (not shown) that detects a differential pressure between the upstream side and the downstream side of the DPF 25.
  • the control ECU (control means) 40 performs various controls of the diesel engine 10 such as an injection period and an injection amount of multistage injection in which fuel is injected a plurality of times during one combustion stroke in accordance with the operation state of the diesel engine 10.
  • a known CPU, ROM, RAM, input port, output port, and the like are provided.
  • the control ECU 40 is input after output signals from an engine rotation sensor (not shown), an accelerator opening sensor (not shown), a NOx sensor 18, a differential pressure sensor, and the like are A / D converted. Is done.
  • control ECU 40 includes an operation state determination unit 41, a bypass valve control unit 42, a PM accumulation amount estimation unit 43, a PM regeneration control unit 44, and an exhaust injection valve failure determination unit 45.
  • these functional elements are described as being included in the control ECU 40, which is an integral piece of hardware. However, any one of these functional elements may be provided in separate hardware.
  • the operation state determination unit 41 determines the operation state of the diesel engine 10. Specifically, based on the output value of the engine rotation sensor and the output value of the accelerator opening sensor, the operating state of the diesel engine 10 is decelerating, or the vehicle is decelerating such as during acceleration traveling or constant speed traveling It is determined whether or not the driving state is other than the inside (hereinafter also referred to as normal traveling).
  • the bypass valve control unit 42 outputs a control signal to the bypass valve 13 to control opening and closing of the bypass valve 13. Specifically, when the operation state determination unit 41 determines that the operation state of the engine 10 is traveling at a reduced speed, the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is low, so the bypass valve 13 is controlled to be opened. On the other hand, when the operation state determination unit 41 determines that the operation state of the diesel engine 10 is during normal travel, the bypass valve 13 is controlled to be closed in order to introduce the exhaust gas into the pre-stage post-treatment device 20.
  • bypass valve control unit 42 controls the bypass valve 13 to introduce exhaust gas into the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 when the detection value of the NOx sensor 18 is equal to or greater than a threshold value during regeneration control of the PM regeneration control unit 44 described later. Is closed. On the other hand, when the detected value of the NOx sensor 18 is smaller than the threshold value, the bypass valve 13 is controlled to be opened.
  • the PM accumulation amount estimation unit 43 estimates the PM accumulation amount collected and accumulated in the DPF 25. Specifically, the PM accumulation amount estimation unit 43 stores a differential pressure characteristic map (not shown) indicating the relationship between the differential pressure of the DPF 25 and the PM accumulation amount, which is measured and stored in advance through experiments or the like. Yes. Based on the differential pressure characteristic map and the output value of the differential pressure sensor, the amount of PM accumulated in the DPF 25 is estimated and calculated.
  • the PM regeneration control unit 44 performs regeneration control of the DPF 25 when the PM deposition amount estimated and calculated by the PM deposition amount estimation unit 43 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (allowable value). Specifically, after the temperature of the DPF 25 is raised to the catalyst activation temperature by multistage injection, the PM is burned and removed by raising the temperature to the PM combustion temperature by exhaust injection by the first exhaust injection valve 14. When the bypass valve 13 is controlled to be opened, the exhaust injection by the first exhaust injection valve 14 can be switched to the post injection by the fuel injection valve of the diesel engine 10 by a selection switch.
  • the exhaust injection valve failure determination unit 45 performs fail-safe switching to the second exhaust injection valve 15 when exhaust injection by the first exhaust injection valve 14 cannot be performed due to clogging of the injection valve or the like during PM regeneration control.
  • the first exhaust injection is performed when the fuel is not injected from the first exhaust injection valve 14 or when the DPF 25 has not been heated to the target temperature when a certain time has elapsed since the start of the PM regeneration control.
  • the valve 14 is determined to be faulty (error determination), and the exhaust injection is switched to the second exhaust injection valve 15.
  • bypass valve opening / closing control flow during traveling shown in FIG. 3 will be described. This control starts simultaneously with the start of the diesel engine 10 (key operation ON).
  • step (hereinafter, step is simply referred to as S) 100 the operation state determination unit 41 determines whether or not the operation state of the diesel engine 10 is decelerating. When it is determined that the driving state is traveling at a reduced speed, the process proceeds to S110. On the other hand, if it is determined that the operating state of the diesel engine 10 is not traveling at a reduced speed, that is, if the operating state is during normal traveling, the process proceeds to S130.
  • bypass valve control unit 42 controls the bypass valve 13 to be opened, and this control is returned.
  • bypass valve control unit 42 controls the bypass valve 13 to be closed, and the control is returned.
  • This bypass valve opening / closing control is repeatedly performed from when the diesel engine 10 starts (key operation ON) to when it stops (key operation OFF).
  • the PM accumulation amount estimated and calculated by the PM accumulation amount estimation unit 43 is read into the PM regeneration control unit 44, and it is determined whether or not the PM accumulation amount is greater than or equal to an allowable value. If the PM accumulation amount is equal to or larger than the allowable value, it is determined that the DPF 25 needs to be regenerated, and the process proceeds to S210. On the other hand, when the PM accumulation amount is smaller than the allowable value, it is determined that the regeneration of the DPF 25 is unnecessary, and the process returns.
  • the detected value of the NOx sensor 18 is output to the bypass valve control unit 42, and it is determined whether or not the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is equal to or greater than a threshold value. If the detected value is equal to or larger than the threshold value, the process proceeds to S220, and if the detected value is smaller than the threshold value, the process proceeds to S300.
  • bypass valve 13 is controlled to be closed by the bypass valve control unit 42. That is, the exhaust gas does not pass through the bypass passage 12 and flows to the pre-stage post-treatment device 20.
  • the DPF 25 is heated to the catalyst activation temperature by multistage injection.
  • the catalyst temperature of the DPF 25 at this time is estimated from exhaust temperature sensors (not shown) provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the post-stage post-treatment device 21.
  • the PM regeneration control unit 44 starts PM regeneration control for performing exhaust injection from the first exhaust injection valve 14.
  • the exhaust injection valve failure determination unit 45 determines whether or not fuel is being injected from the first exhaust injection valve 14. . If the first exhaust injection valve 14 does not inject fuel due to clogging or the like, the process proceeds to S270. On the other hand, if the fuel is being injected from the first exhaust injection valve 14, the PM regeneration control by the exhaust injection of the first exhaust injection valve 14 is continued as it is at S260 and the process returns.
  • bypass valve 13 is controlled to be opened by the bypass valve control unit 42 in response to the determination that the first exhaust injection valve 14 has failed in S250 described above.
  • the bypass valve control unit 42 controls the bypass valve 13 to be opened in S300.
  • the DPF 25 is heated to the catalyst activation temperature by multistage injection.
  • exhaust injection by the first exhaust injection valve 14 is used for PM regeneration control, or post by a fuel injection valve (not shown) of the diesel engine 10 is performed. Either fuel injection or fuel injection used for PM regeneration control is selected.
  • the post-injection can be used because when the bypass valve 13 is open, the exhaust gas hardly flows into the pre-stage post-treatment device 20, so that the SCR 23 is less likely to be thermally deteriorated.
  • the exhaust injection by the first exhaust injection valve 14 is used, the process proceeds to S330.
  • post injection it progresses to S390.
  • the PM regeneration control unit 44 starts PM regeneration control for performing exhaust injection from the first exhaust injection valve 14.
  • the exhaust injection valve failure determination unit 45 determines whether or not fuel is being injected from the first exhaust injection valve 14. Done. When the first exhaust injection valve 14 does not inject fuel due to clogging or the like, the process proceeds to S360. On the other hand, if fuel is being injected from the first exhaust injection valve 14, PM regeneration control by the exhaust injection of the first exhaust injection valve 14 is continued as it is in S350, and this control is returned.
  • bypass valve 13 is controlled to be opened by the bypass valve control unit 42 in response to the determination that the first exhaust injection valve 14 has failed in S340 described above.
  • control ECU 40 controls the injection timing of a fuel injection valve (not shown) of the diesel engine 10 to perform post-injection.
  • PM regeneration control is executed, and this control is returned.
  • the exhaust gas purification device 1 has the following operations and effects.
  • the bypass valve 13 is opened, and most of the exhaust gas does not flow to the pre-stage post-treatment device 20 and is bypassed. It is led to the post-processing apparatus 21 through the passage 12.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus 2 replaces the SCR 23 provided in the pre-stage post-treatment apparatus 20 with a NOx storage reduction catalyst (hereinafter referred to as “NOx catalyst”). , LNT) 26, and the urea water injection device 16 is omitted. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the control ECU (control means) 40 is further provided with an LNT regeneration control unit 46.
  • NOx catalyst NOx storage reduction catalyst
  • the LNT 26 stores NOx in the exhaust gas when the exhaust gas is in a lean atmosphere, releases NOx when the exhaust gas is in a rich atmosphere, and reduces and purifies NOx with CO, HC, H2 or the like in the exhaust gas. .
  • the LNT 26 is injected with fuel (HC) as a reducing agent from the second exhaust injection valve 15 by an LNT regeneration control unit 46 of the control ECU 40 described later, and the exhaust gas flowing through the LNT 26 Is played in a rich atmosphere (rich spike).
  • the LNT playback control unit 46 controls playback of the LNT 26. More specifically, the NOx occlusion amount of the LNT 26 is estimated and calculated based on a NOx map (not shown) showing the relationship between the engine speed, the accelerator opening, and the NOx emission amount measured and stored in advance through experiments or the like. . When the NOx occlusion amount exceeds a predetermined amount, it is determined that the engine is in a saturated state, and LNT regeneration control is performed by injecting fuel from the second exhaust injection valve 15 to make the exhaust gas rich.
  • a control signal is output from the bypass valve control unit 42, and the bypass valve 13 is controlled to be closed.
  • the exhaust gas purification device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above, for example, the following regeneration control of LNT is performed according to the flow shown in FIG.
  • the same control as the flow shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is performed, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
  • the NOx occlusion amount of the LNT 26 is estimated and calculated, and it is confirmed whether or not the NOx occlusion capacity is in a saturated state. If the estimated NOx occlusion amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to S410. On the other hand, if the estimated NOx occlusion amount is smaller than the predetermined value, it is determined that the regeneration control of the LNT 26 is unnecessary, and the process returns.
  • the bypass valve control unit 42 controls the bypass valve 13 to be closed. That is, the exhaust gas does not pass through the bypass passage 12 but flows to the pre-stage post-treatment device 20.
  • the fuel injection selection (selection switch) for rich spike is performed to use the exhaust injection by the second exhaust injection valve 15 or the post injection for the regeneration control of the LNT 26.
  • post-injection in which the injection timing of the fuel injection valve (not shown) of the diesel engine 10 is controlled is performed by the control ECU 40 in S440, and the exhaust gas is made rich.
  • the regeneration control of the LNT 26 is executed, and this control is returned.
  • the exhaust gas purification device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the following operations and effects.
  • regeneration control of the LNT 26 is performed by injecting fuel from the second exhaust injection valve 15 to make the exhaust gas rich.
  • the bypass valve 13 is opened, and most of the exhaust gas is discharged from the previous stage. Instead of flowing into the LNT 26 of the processing apparatus 20, it is guided to the post-stage post-processing apparatus 21 through the bypass passage 12.
  • the temperature of the LNT 26 becomes a high temperature state in which the NOx reduction purification function is lowered. Therefore, an increase in the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas during PM regeneration control can be effectively suppressed.
  • the second exhaust injection valve 15 used for the regeneration control of the LNT 26 can be used as a fail safe for the PM regeneration control, and both the regeneration control of the LNT 26 and the PM regeneration control of the DPF 25 can be reliably performed. .
  • the PM regeneration control is started by closing the bypass valve 13, and the first exhaust injection valve 14 is determined to be in failure in S250.
  • the second exhaust injection valve 15 has been described as performing fail-safe switching to the second exhaust injection valve 15 by opening the bypass valve 13 in S270.
  • the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is important, the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas (NOx)
  • the steps from S270 to S290 in which the bypass valve 13 is opened can be suspended until the detection value of the sensor 18 becomes smaller than the threshold value.
  • bypass valve 13 has been described as being opened / closed based on the determination of the operation state determination unit 41 (during normal travel / decelerated travel). Can be performed based on the detected value of the NOx sensor 18 as in the PM regeneration control.
  • Exhaust gas purification device 10 Diesel engine (internal combustion engine) 11 exhaust passage 12 bypass passage 13 bypass valve 14 first exhaust injection valve (first exhaust passage injection means) 15 Second exhaust injection valve (second exhaust passage injection means) 18 NOx sensor (NOx detection means) 20 Pre-processing device (first post-processing device) 21 Post-processing device (second post-processing device) 23 SCR (Selective Reduction NOx Catalyst) 24 Second DOC (Oxidation Catalyst) 25 DPF (filter) 26 LNT (NOx storage reduction catalyst) 40 control ECU (control means)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de purification des gaz d'échappement présentant une structure simple, et dans lequel la détérioration dans un catalyseur de purification des NOx induite par une chaleur produite pendant la reproduction d'un FAP peut être empêchée et la détérioration dans un taux de purification des NOx du catalyseur de purification des NOx peut être empêchée efficacement. Le dispositif de purification des gaz d'échappement comprend : une première unité de traitement ultérieur (20) disposée dans un passage des gaz d'échappement (11) dans un moteur à combustion interne (10) et contenant un catalyseur de purification des NOx (23) capable de purifier les NOx dans un gaz d'échappement ; une seconde unité de traitement ultérieur (21) contenant un catalyseur d'oxydation (24) et un filtre (25) capable de piéger des substances particulaires contenues dans le gaz d'échappement ; un passage de dérivation (12) se ramifiant depuis le côté amont de la première unité de traitement ultérieur (20) et se reliant à une partie entre la première unité de traitement ultérieur (20) et la seconde unité de traitement ultérieur (21) ; une soupape de dérivation (13) pouvant ouvrir et fermer le passage de dérivation ; et un moyen de commande pouvant ouvrir la soupape de dérivation (13) lorsque le filtre est régénéré et pouvant obtenir une injection ultérieure afin d'apporter un carburant au catalyseur d'oxydation (24).
PCT/JP2011/061221 2010-05-28 2011-05-16 Dispositif de purification des gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne WO2011148818A1 (fr)

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WO2015083830A1 (fr) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 ボルボ トラック コーポレーション Dispositif d'injection de carburant et eau d'urée et dispositif de purification d'échappement le comprenant
JP6062385B2 (ja) * 2014-02-27 2017-01-18 三菱重工業株式会社 混焼エンジン用排熱回収装置および混焼エンジン用排熱回収装置の制御方法
JP6414488B2 (ja) * 2015-03-05 2018-10-31 いすゞ自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置のメンテナンス用具、及びメンテナンス方法
WO2018094420A1 (fr) * 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Clean Train Propulsion Boucle de chauffage de post-traitement de moteur à combustion interne

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JP2007315237A (ja) * 2006-05-24 2007-12-06 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化システム
JP2008138584A (ja) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-19 Hino Motors Ltd 排気浄化装置
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