WO2011145213A1 - 二次電池の診断装置および診断方法、車両 - Google Patents
二次電池の診断装置および診断方法、車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011145213A1 WO2011145213A1 PCT/JP2010/058640 JP2010058640W WO2011145213A1 WO 2011145213 A1 WO2011145213 A1 WO 2011145213A1 JP 2010058640 W JP2010058640 W JP 2010058640W WO 2011145213 A1 WO2011145213 A1 WO 2011145213A1
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- voltage
- battery
- amount
- discharge amount
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for diagnosing deterioration of a secondary battery.
- An electric vehicle generally includes a secondary battery that stores electric power for driving a motor. Secondary batteries deteriorate over time and fail when used continuously in a deteriorated state. Therefore, in an electric vehicle, it is important to grasp the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 describes the input / output power amount of the secondary battery while the electric vehicle is traveling and the storage amount of the secondary battery at that time. A technique for determining battery deterioration from the amount of change is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to determine the deterioration state of the secondary battery with high accuracy.
- the secondary battery diagnosis apparatus discharges from the secondary battery, and the voltage of the secondary battery is lower than the first voltage from the first voltage in a state where the storage amount of the secondary battery is lower than a predetermined amount.
- a calculation unit that performs a calculation process for calculating a charge amount that the secondary battery discharges before the voltage decreases to the second voltage as a diagnostic discharge amount; and a diagnostic unit that performs a deterioration diagnosis of the secondary battery based on the diagnostic discharge amount; Is provided.
- the diagnosis unit sets a threshold value used for deterioration diagnosis based on the discharge current value and temperature of the secondary battery at the time of the calculation process, and based on the result of comparing the threshold value with the diagnostic discharge amount. Perform deterioration diagnosis.
- the diagnosis unit sets a first threshold value used for deterioration diagnosis based on a discharge current value of the secondary battery at the time of the calculation process and a minimum temperature inside the secondary battery, and the first threshold value and the diagnosis A diagnosis is made as to whether or not the secondary battery is in the first state in which the secondary battery is hardly deteriorated based on the result of comparison with the discharge amount.
- the diagnosis unit sets a second threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value in addition to the first threshold value, and when the discharge amount for diagnosis is larger than the first threshold value, the secondary battery Is in the first state, and the secondary battery is deteriorated from the first state when the discharge amount for diagnosis is smaller than the first threshold value and larger than the second threshold value, but is continuously used Is diagnosed as a possible second state, and when the discharge amount for diagnosis is smaller than the second threshold, the secondary battery is deteriorated from the second state and cannot be used continuously. Diagnose.
- the calculation unit performs the calculation process when the storage amount of the secondary battery is smaller than the predetermined amount, and does not perform the calculation process when the storage amount of the secondary battery is larger than the predetermined amount.
- the calculation unit performs the calculation process when the voltage of the secondary battery is higher than the first voltage, and does not perform the calculation process when the voltage of the secondary battery is lower than the first voltage.
- the secondary battery is mounted on a vehicle capable of traveling with the power of the secondary battery.
- the vehicle determines the amount of charge discharged by the secondary battery before the voltage of the secondary battery drops from the first voltage to an intermediate voltage between the first voltage and the second voltage.
- a control device that calculates and stores the first discharge amount is provided.
- the calculation unit obtains the first discharge amount from the control device during the calculation process, and calculates the diagnostic discharge amount in consideration of the first discharge amount.
- the calculation unit calculates, as the second discharge amount, an amount of electric charge discharged from the secondary battery until the voltage of the secondary battery decreases from the intermediate voltage to the second voltage while the vehicle is stopped.
- a value obtained by adding the second discharge amount to is calculated as a diagnostic discharge amount.
- the secondary battery and the diagnostic device are mounted on a vehicle that can travel with the power of the secondary battery and includes a charging / discharging device for transferring power between the external power source and the secondary battery.
- the calculation unit performs a calculation process by controlling the charging / discharging device to discharge from the secondary battery to the external power source.
- the diagnosis device discharges the secondary battery from the secondary battery to the external power source when the amount of power stored in the secondary battery is smaller than a predetermined amount. After zeroing, charging of the secondary battery is started, and the amount of charge charged in the secondary battery from the start of charging until the secondary battery is fully charged is measured as the chargeable capacity of the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention includes a secondary battery capable of diagnosing a deteriorated state by a diagnostic device.
- the diagnostic device determines the amount of charge discharged by the secondary battery until the voltage of the secondary battery drops from the first voltage to the second voltage lower than the first voltage in a state where the charged amount of the secondary battery is lower than a predetermined amount. Based on the above, the deterioration diagnosis of the secondary battery is performed.
- the vehicle has a charge discharged from the secondary battery until the voltage of the secondary battery drops from the first voltage to an intermediate voltage between the first voltage and the second voltage.
- a calculation unit that calculates the amount as the first discharge amount and a storage unit that stores the first discharge amount in order to cause the diagnostic apparatus to acquire the first discharge amount.
- the diagnostic device acquires the first discharge amount from the storage unit while the vehicle is stopped, and performs the deterioration diagnosis in consideration of the first discharge amount.
- a diagnostic method for a secondary battery according to another aspect of the present invention is a diagnostic method performed by a diagnostic apparatus for a secondary battery.
- the secondary battery is discharged until the voltage of the secondary battery drops from the first voltage to the second voltage lower than the first voltage in a state where the storage amount of the secondary battery is lower than a predetermined amount.
- the deterioration state of the secondary battery can be determined with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a vehicle 5 including a secondary battery diagnosed by the diagnostic apparatus 300 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- vehicle 5 shown in FIG. 1 is a hybrid vehicle
- the present invention is not limited to the hybrid vehicle and can be applied to all electric vehicles.
- vehicle 5 includes a battery 10, system main relays 22 and 24, a power control unit (hereinafter referred to as “PCU”) 30, motor generators 41 and 42, and an engine 50. , A power split mechanism 60, a drive shaft 70, and wheels 80.
- PCU power control unit
- the battery 10 is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the battery 10 is configured by connecting a plurality of lithium ion secondary battery cells in series.
- the engine 50 outputs kinetic energy by the combustion energy of the fuel.
- Power split device 60 is connected to motor generators 41 and 42 and the output shaft of engine 50, and drives drive shaft 70 by the output of motor generator 42 and / or engine 50.
- the wheels 80 are rotated by the drive shaft 70.
- the vehicle 5 travels by the output of the engine 50 and / or the motor generator 42.
- the motor generators 41 and 42 can function as a generator or an electric motor, the motor generator 41 mainly operates as a generator, and the motor generator 42 mainly operates as an electric motor.
- the motor generator 41 is used as a starter that starts the engine 50 when an engine start request is made, such as during acceleration. At this time, the motor generator 41 receives power supplied from the battery 10 via the PCU 30 and drives as an electric motor, and cranks and starts the engine 50. Further, after the engine 50 is started, the motor generator 41 is rotated by the engine output transmitted through the power split mechanism 60 and can generate electric power.
- the motor generator 42 is driven by at least one of the electric power stored in the battery 10 and the electric power generated by the motor generator 41.
- the driving force of the motor generator 42 is transmitted to the driving shaft 70.
- the motor generator 42 assists the engine 50 to cause the vehicle 5 to travel, or causes the vehicle 5 to travel only by its own driving force.
- the motor generator 42 operates as a generator by being driven by the rotational force of the wheels. At this time, the regenerative power generated by the motor generator 42 is charged to the battery 10 via the PCU 30.
- the PCU 30 performs bidirectional power conversion between the battery 10 and the motor generators 41 and 42, and the motor generators 41 and 42 are operated so as to operate according to their operation command values (typically torque command values).
- Control power conversion PCU 30 includes an inverter that converts DC power from battery 10 into AC power and applies it to motor generators 41 and 42. This inverter can also convert the regenerative power generated by the motor generators 41 and 42 into DC power and charge the battery 10.
- System main relays 22 and 24 are provided between the PCU 30 and the battery 10.
- the system main relays 22 and 24 are turned on / off in response to the relay control signal SE.
- the system main relays 22 and 24 are turned off (opened), the charge / discharge path of the battery 10 is mechanically interrupted.
- the vehicle 5 further includes a monitoring unit 20 for monitoring the battery 10 and a control circuit 100.
- the monitoring unit 20 monitors the detection results of the temperature sensor 12, the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 16 provided in the battery 10 and outputs them to the control circuit 100.
- the temperature sensor 12 and the voltage sensor 14 are comprehensively shown, but actually, as shown in FIG. 2 described later, a plurality of the temperature sensors 12 and the voltage sensors 14 are provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the battery 10, the temperature sensor 12, the voltage sensor 14, and the current sensor 16.
- the battery 10 is configured by connecting n (n: an integer of 2 or more) battery blocks 11 connected in series.
- Each battery block 11 is configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells 10a in series.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration in which two temperature sensors 12 are provided for each battery block 11.
- Each temperature sensor 12 detects the temperature of the place where each is installed as the battery temperature Tb.
- Each voltage sensor 14 detects a block voltage Vb (Vb1 to Vbn) that is a voltage across each battery block 11.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration in which each battery block 11 detects the block voltages Vb1 to Vb4, respectively.
- the current sensor 16 detects a battery current Ib that is a current flowing through the battery 10.
- a plurality of current sensors 16 may be provided.
- each temperature sensor 12, each voltage sensor 14, and current sensor 16 are transmitted to the control circuit 100 via the monitoring unit 20.
- control circuit 100 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown) and an electronic control unit (ECU: Electronic Control Unit) with a built-in memory, and the detection results of each sensor and the memory are stored in the memory. Based on the information and the like, a predetermined calculation process is executed.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the control circuit 100 sets a torque request value to the motor generators 41 and 42 based on the user's accelerator operation amount and vehicle speed.
- the control circuit 100 controls the power conversion by the PCU 30 so that the motor generators 41 and 42 operate according to the torque request value.
- the engine 50 is controlled by another ECU (not shown).
- the control circuit 100 is described as a single unit, but may be two or more separate units.
- the vehicle 5 is configured to be connectable to the diagnostic device 300.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300 is described as being provided in a repair shop such as a dealer.
- the diagnostic device 300 may be provided inside the vehicle 5.
- the diagnostic device 300 is configured by an electronic control unit that includes a CPU and a memory (not shown).
- Diagnostic device 300 is operated by a service person working at a repair shop. When the diagnostic device 300 is connected to the vehicle 5, communication between the diagnostic device 300 and the control circuit 100 is possible. Diagnosis device 300 communicates with control circuit 100 to diagnose the deterioration state of battery 10 (hereinafter, diagnosis by diagnosis device 300 is referred to as “battery diagnosis”).
- Diagnostic device 300 uses this low frequency characteristic to diagnose the deterioration state of battery 10 due to metallic lithium deposition. Specifically, the diagnostic apparatus 300 discharges the battery 10 when the voltage of the battery 10 is decreased by a predetermined voltage in a region where the charged amount of the battery 10 is lower than a predetermined amount (hereinafter referred to as “low SOC region”). The amount (the amount of charge discharged from the battery 10) is calculated, and the deterioration state of the battery 10 due to metal lithium deposition is diagnosed based on the calculated discharge amount.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a part related to battery diagnosis of the diagnostic apparatus 300.
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 3 may be realized by hardware processing using an electronic circuit or the like, or may be realized by software processing such as execution of a program.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 includes a calculation unit 310 and a diagnostic unit 320.
- Calculation unit 310 calculates the discharge amount of battery 10 when the voltage of battery 10 is reduced by a predetermined voltage in the low SOC region. Then, the diagnosis unit 320 diagnoses the deterioration state of the battery 10 due to metal lithium deposition based on the discharge amount calculated by the calculation unit 310.
- Calculation unit 310 includes an integration unit 311 and an end unit 312.
- the integrating unit 311 starts communication with the control circuit 100 of the vehicle 5, and information from the control circuit 100 (each battery temperature Tb, each block voltage Vb, battery current Ib). Etc.) or a command is transmitted to the control circuit 100, and the following processing is performed.
- the accumulating unit 311 first determines whether or not a battery diagnosis start condition is satisfied.
- the battery diagnosis start condition is, for example, a condition that the vehicle 5 is stopped in a state in which each electric device of the vehicle 5 is operable (IG on state), and there is no abnormality in information from the control circuit 100. .
- the integration unit 311 starts discharging the battery 10 and performs a current integration process described below.
- the electric charge discharged from the battery 10 is charged to an auxiliary battery (not shown) mounted on the vehicle 5 via a DC / DC converter (not shown).
- the integrating unit 311 starts integrating the battery current Ib when the block voltage Vb decreases to the measurement start voltage Vs. Then, the integration unit 311 has reached the time when the block voltage Vb has decreased to the measurement end voltage Ve that is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs by a predetermined voltage, or the integrated value of the battery current Ib has become equal to or greater than the new product determination threshold A1 (described later). At the time, the integration of the battery current Ib is terminated, and the integrated value of the battery current Ib is stored in the memory.
- These series of processes are the contents of the current integration process.
- the measurement start voltage Vs and the measurement end voltage Ve used for the current integration process are set in advance to values included in the above-described fluctuation range of the block voltage Vb in the low SOC region. That is, the current integrated value obtained by the current integrating process is the amount of discharge of the battery block 11 when the voltage is reduced by a predetermined voltage in the low SOC region.
- the current integrated value obtained by the current integrating process is also referred to as “block discharge amount Q”.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the discharge characteristics of each battery block 11 when the current integration process is performed. As described above, in the current integration process, the integrated current value until the block voltage Vb decreases from the measurement start voltage Vs to the measurement end voltage Ve is calculated as the block discharge amount Q.
- the block discharge amount Q decreases as the lithium deposition amount increases due to the above-described low frequency characteristics. That is, the amount of metal lithium deposited in the corresponding battery block 11 can be grasped by the magnitude of the block discharge amount Q.
- the battery block 11 in which the block discharge amount Q is equal to or greater than the new product determination threshold A1 (described later) is in a state where metal lithium is hardly deposited (hereinafter referred to as “new product state”).
- new product state As shown by the broken line L2 in FIG. 4, the battery block 11 in which the block discharge amount Q is less than the new product determination threshold value A1 but is larger than the unusable determination threshold value A2 (described later) is deteriorated from the new state but is lithium deposited.
- the amount is still small and can be used continuously.
- the battery block 11 in which the block discharge amount Q further decreases and becomes smaller than the unusable determination threshold A2 is in a state where the lithium deposition amount is large and cannot be used continuously.
- the integrating unit 311 performs the current integrating process individually for each of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn (for each battery block 11). Accordingly, the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are calculated for the respective block voltages Vb1 to Vbn.
- the two-dot chain line L4 in FIG. 4 shows the discharge characteristics when the block voltage Vb is further reduced from the measurement end voltage Ve to the overdischarge determination threshold Vlow by the current integration process.
- the block voltage Vb drops to the measurement end voltage Ve earlier than the other battery blocks, and the current integration process is ended.
- the current integration process of the other battery blocks is continued until the end condition described later is satisfied, the discharge is continued even in the battery block for which the current integration process has been completed.
- the block voltage Vb may decrease to the overdischarge determination threshold Vlow as indicated by a two-dot chain line L4 in FIG.
- the end unit 312 determines whether or not the following end condition is satisfied, and ends the current integration process by the integration unit 311 when the end condition is satisfied.
- the termination condition includes a normal termination condition and an interruption termination condition.
- the normal end condition is a condition for causing the current integration process by the integration unit 311 to end normally and shifting to a battery diagnosis determination process by the diagnosis unit 320.
- the end unit 312 determines that the normal end condition is satisfied when any of the following (a1) to (a4) is satisfied, and normally ends the current integration process.
- All of the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are equal to or greater than the new article determination threshold A1.
- All of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn are equal to or lower than the measurement end voltage Ve.
- At least one of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn is equal to or lower than the measurement end voltage Ve, and the corresponding block discharge amount Q is less than the unusable determination threshold A2.
- At least one of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn is equal to or lower than the overdischarge determination threshold value Vlow.
- the integrating unit 311 outputs the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn at the normal end time to the diagnosis unit 320 together with the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn.
- the interruption end condition is a condition for forcibly interrupting and ending the current integration process by the integration unit 311.
- the end unit 312 determines that the stop end condition is satisfied, and forcibly interrupts and ends the current integration process.
- B1 An abnormality occurred in the information from the control circuit 100.
- B2 The battery temperature Tb is outside the predetermined temperature range.
- B3 There was an operation for releasing the IG on state (IG off operation).
- B4 The elapsed time from the start of the current integration process has exceeded the upper limit time.
- Diagnosis unit 320 includes a determination unit 321 and a setting unit 322.
- the determination unit 321 determines whether or not the following first to third conditions are satisfied, and performs a determination process for determining a deterioration state of the battery 10 due to metal lithium deposition according to the result.
- the first condition is that all of the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are equal to or greater than the new article determination threshold A1 (see the solid line L1 in FIG. 4).
- the determination unit 321 determines that the battery 10 is “new” and outputs a signal R1 indicating “new”.
- the second condition is that at least one of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn is equal to or lower than the measurement end voltage Ve, and the corresponding block discharge amount Q is less than the unusable determination threshold A2 (see the one-dot chain line L3 in FIG. 4). This is the condition.
- the third condition is that at least one block voltage Vb is equal to or lower than the overdischarge determination threshold Vlow (see the two-dot chain line L4 in FIG. 4), and all of the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are less than the unusable determination threshold A2. It is a condition that.
- the determination unit 321 determines that the battery 10 is “unusable” and outputs a signal R2 indicating “unusable”.
- the determination unit 321 determines that the battery 10 is “usable” and indicates a signal indicating “usable” R3 is output.
- the determination result of the determination unit 321 is displayed on the display of the diagnostic apparatus 300, the information panel of the vehicle 5, and the like to be notified to the user.
- the setting unit 322 sets the new article determination threshold value A1 and the unusable determination threshold value A2 based on the battery temperature Tb and the battery current Ib during the current integration process.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a correspondence relationship between the battery temperature Tb and the battery current Ib during the current integration process and the new article determination threshold value A1. Considering that the discharge amount decreases in the low temperature state even in the new battery 10, the setting unit 322 sets the new product determination threshold A1 to a smaller value as the battery temperature Tb during the current integration process is lower. This prevents the new battery 10 from being erroneously determined to be in a state other than “new” even in a low temperature state.
- the new article determination threshold A1 a value common to all the battery blocks 11 may be set, or may be set for each battery block 11 individually. In any case, as the battery temperature Tb used for setting the new article determination threshold A1, it is desirable to use the lowest temperature in the battery 10 (the lowest temperature in each battery block 11 as necessary). In this way, since the new product determination threshold A1 is set to a lower value as the minimum temperature in the battery 10 is lower, it is more reliable that the battery 10 in the new state is erroneously determined as a state other than the “new state”. Can be prevented.
- the setting unit 322 sets the new article determination threshold A1 to a smaller value as the battery current Ib during the current integration process is higher.
- the setting unit 322 sets the unusable determination threshold A2 based on the battery temperature Tb and the battery current Ib during the current integration process, similarly to the new article determination threshold A1.
- the unusable determination threshold A2 may be set by another method or may be a fixed value.
- the new article determination threshold value A1 and the unusable determination threshold value A2 set by the setting unit 322 are output to the determination unit 321 and used for the above-described determination process.
- the new article determination threshold value A1 and the unusable determination threshold value A2 are also output to the calculation unit 310, and are used to determine the current integration process and the current integration process end condition.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 for realizing the above-described function.
- S Each step of the flowchart shown below (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as “S”) may be realized by hardware processing as described above, or may be realized by software processing.
- diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not the above-described battery diagnosis start condition is satisfied. If the battery diagnosis start condition is satisfied (YES in S10), the process proceeds to S20. Otherwise (NO in S10), this process ends.
- the diagnostic device 300 starts discharging the battery 10.
- diagnostic device 300 performs the above-described current integration process.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 when the current integration process is performed. This process is executed for each battery block 11 individually.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 determines whether or not the block voltage Vb is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs. When block voltage Vb falls below measurement start voltage Vs (YES in S31), the process proceeds to S32. Otherwise (NO in S31), the process returns to S31. In S32, diagnostic device 300 starts integrating battery current Ib.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300 determines whether or not the block voltage Vb is lower than the measurement end voltage Ve. If block voltage Vb is lower than measurement end voltage Ve (YES in S33), the process proceeds to S35. Otherwise (NO in S33), the process proceeds to S34.
- diagnostic device 300 continues to integrate battery current Ib. Thereafter, the process returns to S33.
- diagnostic device 300 ends the integration of battery current Ib.
- diagnostic device 300 stores the integrated value of battery current Ib at the end of integration as a block discharge amount Q in the memory. Since the current integration process is individually executed for each battery block 11, n block discharge amounts Q (block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn) are stored in the memory.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 determines whether or not the above-described termination condition (normal termination condition or interruption termination condition) is satisfied. If the end condition is satisfied (YES in S40), the process proceeds to S50. Otherwise (NO in S40), the process returns to S30.
- FIG. 6 shows a procedure for determining S40 after the current integration process of S30, in practice, the determination of S40 is also performed during the current integration process of S30. That is, if the end condition is satisfied during the current integration process of S30, the process proceeds to S50.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 ends the current integration process in S30 and stops discharging the battery 10.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 sets the new article determination threshold value A1 and the unusable determination threshold value A2 by the above-described method (see the map of FIG. 5).
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 when the determination process is performed.
- diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not the end of the current integration process is a normal end. If it is normal termination (YES in S71), the process proceeds to S72. Otherwise (NO in S71), this process ends and no determination process is performed.
- diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not the first condition is satisfied. As described above, the first condition is that all of the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are equal to or greater than the new article determination threshold A1. If the first condition is satisfied (YES in S72), the process proceeds to S73. Otherwise (NO in S72), the process proceeds to S74.
- diagnostic device 300 determines that battery 10 is “new”. In S74, diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not the second condition is satisfied. As described above, the second condition is that at least one of the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn is equal to or lower than the measurement end voltage Ve, and the corresponding block discharge amount Q is less than the unusable determination threshold A2. . If the second condition is satisfied (YES in S74), the process proceeds to S75. Otherwise (NO in S74), the process proceeds to S76.
- diagnostic device 300 determines that battery 10 is “unusable”. In S76, diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not the third condition is satisfied. As described above, the third condition is that at least one of the block voltages Vb is equal to or lower than the overdischarge determination threshold Vlow, and all of the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn are less than the unusable determination threshold A2. It is. If the third condition is satisfied (YES in S76), the process proceeds to S75. Otherwise (NO in S76), the process proceeds to S77.
- diagnostic device 300 determines that battery 10 is “usable”. As described above, the diagnostic apparatus 300 according to the first embodiment calculates the discharge amount for each block when the block voltage of the battery 10 is decreased from the measurement start voltage Vs to the measurement end voltage Ve in the low SOC region. The deterioration state of the battery 10 due to metallic lithium deposition is diagnosed based on the calculated discharge amounts. For this reason, in the low SOC region, even when the voltage drop amount is the same, the amount of discharge decreases as the lithium deposition amount increases. Can be determined.
- the measurement start voltage Vs used for the current integration process is within the fluctuation range of the block voltage Vb in the low SOC region. Must be set to the value contained in Therefore, it is necessary to set the measurement start voltage Vs to a relatively low value. On the other hand, if the measurement start voltage Vs is too low, the determination accuracy decreases.
- FIG. 9 compares the discharge amount when current integration is started from the measurement start voltage Vs and the discharge amount when current integration is started from the intermediate voltage Vmid between the measurement start voltage Vs and the measurement end voltage Ve.
- the difference between the discharge amount of the deteriorated secondary battery (solid line) and the discharge amount of the new secondary battery (broken line) is a value corresponding to the amount of metal lithium deposited on the secondary battery to be diagnosed.
- the difference in quantity occurs because the block voltage Vb is relatively high. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, even when the measurement start voltage Vs drops to the intermediate voltage Vmid, a discharge amount difference ⁇ q occurs between the discharge amount of the already deteriorated secondary battery and the new secondary battery. . Therefore, when current integration is started from the intermediate voltage Vmid, the above-described discharge amount difference ⁇ q is not added to the discharge amount obtained as a result of the current integration process. That is, the discharge amount difference ⁇ Qlow when current integration is started from the intermediate voltage Vmid is smaller by ⁇ q than the discharge amount difference ⁇ Q when current integration is started from the measurement start voltage Vs, and the determination accuracy is reduced accordingly. .
- the battery 10 is temporarily charged and the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn are temporarily set in order not to reduce the determination accuracy. After increasing to the measurement start voltage Vs, it is necessary to execute current integration processing, and the time required for battery diagnosis becomes longer.
- the integrated value of the battery current Ib (hereinafter referred to as “block discharge amount Q0”) until the block voltage Vb decreases from the measurement start voltage Vs to the intermediate voltage Vmid is referred to as the vehicle 5.
- the control circuit 100a calculates and stores in advance during traveling (during normal operation).
- the diagnostic device 300a determines the integrated value of the battery current Ib (hereinafter referred to as “block discharge amount Qd”) until the block voltage Vb drops from the intermediate voltage Vmid to the measurement end voltage Ve during battery diagnosis performed while the vehicle 5 is stopped.
- the block discharge amount Q0 stored while the vehicle 5 is traveling is read out from the control circuit 100a.
- Diagnosis device 300a performs a determination process using a value obtained by adding block discharge amount Q0 to block discharge amount Qd as block discharge amount Q.
- FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a part related to battery diagnosis in the control circuit 100a and the diagnostic apparatus 300a according to the second embodiment.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300a will be described as being provided in a repair shop such as a dealer.
- the diagnostic device 300a may be provided inside the vehicle 5.
- the control circuit 100a includes an integrating unit 110 and a storage unit 120.
- the accumulating unit 110 calculates the integrated value of the battery current Ib from the measurement start voltage Vs to the intermediate voltage Vmid while the vehicle 5 is traveling, and stores the calculated integrated value in the storage unit 120 as the block discharge amount Q0.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a calculation method of the block discharge amount Q0 by the control circuit 100a.
- the integration unit 110 starts integration of the battery current Ib when the block voltage Vb is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs, and ends the integration when the block voltage Vb is reduced to the intermediate voltage Vmid. To do. Then, the integrated value at the end of integration is stored in the storage unit 120 as the block discharge amount Q0.
- the block discharge amount Q0 is calculated for each battery block 11. Therefore, the storage unit 120 stores n block discharge amounts Q0 (Q01 to Q0n) corresponding to each battery block 11.
- the block discharge amount Q0 is calculated, for example, when the use period of the battery 10 is predetermined. You may make it carry out only once per trip after exceeding years.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the control circuit 100a when the block discharge amount Q0 is calculated. This process is executed for each battery block 11 individually.
- the control circuit 100a determines whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied while the vehicle 5 is traveling.
- the predetermined condition is a low SOC region
- the battery temperature Tb is included in the predetermined temperature range
- the battery current Ib is included in the predetermined range
- the block voltage Vb is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs. It is a condition that. This condition is a condition for ensuring the calculation accuracy (battery diagnosis determination accuracy) of the block discharge amount Q0 described later. If the predetermined condition is satisfied (YES in S100), the process proceeds to S101. Otherwise (NO in S100), the process returns to S100. In S101, control circuit 100a starts integration of battery current Ib.
- control circuit 100a determines whether or not the block voltage Vb is lower than the intermediate voltage Vmid. When block voltage Vb falls below intermediate voltage Vmid (YES in S102), the process proceeds to S104. Otherwise (NO in S102), the process proceeds to S103.
- control circuit 100a continues to integrate the battery current Ib. Thereafter, the process returns to S102.
- control circuit 100a ends the integration of battery current Ib.
- control circuit 100a stores the integrated value of battery current Ib in storage unit 120 as block discharge amount Q0. Since this process is executed individually for each battery block 11, n block discharge amounts Q0 (block discharge amounts Q01 to Q0n) are stored in the storage unit 120.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300a includes a calculation unit 310a and a diagnosis unit 320.
- Calculation unit 310a includes an accumulation unit 311a and an end unit 312. Since the functions of the end unit 312 and the diagnosis unit 320 have been described in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the integration unit 311a performs current integration processing by the same method as in the first embodiment using the voltage at which current integration is started as the intermediate voltage Vmid, and performs block discharge until the block voltage Vb decreases from the intermediate voltage Vmid to the measurement end voltage Ve.
- the quantity Qd (Qd1 to Qdn) is calculated.
- the integrating unit 311a reads the block discharge amount Q0 stored in the storage unit 120 of the vehicle 5, and adds the calculated block discharge amount Qd to the read block discharge amount Q0.
- the block discharge amount Q is calculated and output to the determination unit 321.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a calculation method of the block discharge amount Q by the integrating unit 311a.
- the block discharge amount Q0 until the block voltage Vb decreases from the measurement start voltage Vs to the intermediate voltage Vmid is calculated and stored in advance while the vehicle 5 is traveling by the control circuit 100a. Even if the block voltage Vb when the battery diagnosis start condition is satisfied is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs, the integration unit 311a does not increase the block voltage Vb to the measurement start voltage Vs (charges the battery 10). Without doing so, the current integration process is started from the intermediate voltage Vmid to calculate the block discharge amount Qd. Then, a value obtained by adding the block discharge amount Qd to the block discharge amount Q0 read from the control circuit 100a is calculated as the block discharge amount Q. This process is also performed for each battery block 11. That is, the integrating unit 311a calculates values obtained by adding the block discharge amounts Qd1 to Qdn corresponding to the block discharge amounts Q01 to Q0n as the block discharge amounts Q1 to Qn,
- the block voltage Vb is calculated from the measurement start voltage Vs to the measurement end voltage Ve only by calculating only the block discharge amount Qd until the block voltage Vb drops from the intermediate voltage Vmid to the measurement end voltage Ve at the time of actual diagnosis. It is possible to calculate the block discharge amount Q until it decreases to. That is, even when the block voltage Vb at the start of diagnosis is lower than the measurement start voltage Vs, the block voltage Vb is changed from the measurement start voltage Vs to the measurement end voltage without once increasing the block voltage Vb to the measurement start voltage Vs. The block discharge amount Q until it decreases to Ve can be calculated. Therefore, the time required for diagnosis can be shortened without reducing the diagnosis accuracy.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of current integration processing by the diagnostic apparatus 300a.
- the same steps as those in the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 are given the same step numbers. The processing is the same for them. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300a determines whether or not the block voltage Vb is lower than the intermediate voltage Vmid. When block voltage Vb falls below intermediate voltage Vmid (YES in S31a), the process proceeds to S32. Otherwise (NO in S31a), the process returns to S31a.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300a ends the integration of the battery current Ib.
- the integrated value of the battery current Ib up to this point is the block discharge amount Qd until the block voltage Vb drops from the intermediate voltage Vmid to the measurement end voltage Ve.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300a reads the block discharge amount Q0 described in the control circuit 100a of the vehicle 5.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300a calculates, as the block discharge amount Q, a value obtained by adding the block discharge amount Q0 calculated by the current integration process to the block discharge amount Q0 read from the control circuit 100a.
- the block discharge amount Q0 until the block voltage Vb decreases from the measurement start voltage Vs to the intermediate voltage Vmid is calculated and stored in advance while the vehicle 5 is traveling.
- the block discharge amount Qd until the block voltage Vb decreases from the intermediate voltage Vmid to the measurement end voltage Ve is calculated, and the battery diagnosis is performed by taking the block discharge amount Q0 and the block discharge amount Qd into consideration. Therefore, the time required for diagnosis can be shortened without reducing the diagnosis accuracy.
- the electric charge stored in the battery 10 during the current integration process is discharged to the auxiliary battery inside the vehicle 5.
- the diagnostic device 300 is provided outside the vehicle 5.
- the electric charge stored in the battery 10 during the current integration process is discharged to a power source provided outside the vehicle.
- the diagnostic device 300 is provided inside the vehicle.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the vehicle 5b according to the third embodiment.
- the vehicle 5b includes a diagnostic device 300 therein.
- the diagnostic device 300 may be provided integrally with the control circuit 100.
- the vehicle 5b is a so-called plug-in vehicle, and can charge the battery 10 with the electric power of the external power source 310 having a charge / discharge function.
- the vehicle 5 b includes a connector 210 configured to be connectable to an external power supply 310, and a charging / discharging device 200 provided between the battery 10 and the connector 210. Since other structures, functions, and processes are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the charging / discharging device 200 performs charging from the external power source 400 to the battery 10 and discharging from the battery 10 to the external power source 400 based on a signal from the control circuit 100.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the same steps as those in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 are given the same step numbers.
- the processing is the same for them. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- diagnostic device 300 determines whether or not external power supply 400 is connected to connector 210.
- external power supply 400 is connected to connector 210 (YES in S10a)
- the process proceeds to S10b. Otherwise (NO in S10a), this process ends.
- the diagnosis apparatus 300 determines whether or not a diagnosis permission condition is satisfied.
- the diagnosis permission condition is a condition that the charged amount of the battery 10 is lower than a predetermined amount (a low SOC region). Since the block voltage Vb is lower than a predetermined value in the low SOC region, the diagnosis permission condition may be a condition that the block voltage Vb is lower than the predetermined value. Moreover, you may add the conditions that the use years of the battery 10 exceeded predetermined years to diagnosis permission conditions. If the diagnosis permission condition is satisfied (YES in S10b), the process proceeds to S20a. Otherwise (NO in S10b), this process ends.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 starts discharging from the battery 10 to the external power source 400.
- the diagnostic device 300 stops discharging from the battery 10 to the external power source 400.
- diagnostic device 300 permits charging of battery 10 from external power supply 400. As a result, charging of the battery 10 from the external power source 400 is started.
- the diagnostic device 300 is provided inside the vehicle 5b that can charge the battery 10 with the electric power of the external power source 400, and the external power source 400 is connected to the plug-in vehicle (the user uses the external power source 400 The battery 10 is discharged to the external power source 400 to perform battery diagnosis.
- the battery 10 can be stably discharged by using the external power source 400 as the discharge destination during the current integration process, the integrated value of the battery current Ib can be calculated with high accuracy.
- the electric charge of the battery 10 is further discharged to the external power source 400 to temporarily reduce the charged amount of the battery 10 to substantially zero (a value slightly larger than zero) and then the external power source 400.
- the battery 10 may start to be charged, and the amount of charge charged in the battery 10 from the start of charging until the battery 10 is fully charged may be measured as the chargeable capacity of the battery 10. Note that whether or not the battery 10 has been fully charged may be determined based on, for example, whether or not the block voltage Vb has reached a voltage corresponding to the fully charged state.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 according to the modification of the third embodiment.
- the same steps as those in the flowchart shown in FIG. 16 are given the same step numbers. The processing is the same for them. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the diagnostic device 300 further discharges the battery 10 to the external power source 400 until the charged amount of the battery 10 becomes substantially zero after the determination process of S70.
- the diagnosis device 300 permits the battery 10 to start charging from the external power source 400 after the storage amount of the battery 10 becomes substantially zero. As a result, charging of the battery 10 from the external power source 400 is started.
- diagnostic device 300 measures the amount of charge (integrated value of battery current Ib) charged in battery 10 from the start of charging until battery 10 is fully charged as the chargeable capacity of battery 10.
- the fourth embodiment when the block voltage Vb is lower than the reference voltage, it is determined that the current integration process cannot be started from the measurement start voltage Vs and the diagnosis is not performed.
- the reference voltage is set to the measurement start voltage Vs.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of the diagnostic apparatus 300 according to the modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the same steps as those in the flowchart shown in FIG. The processing is the same for them. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- diagnostic device 300 performs offset learning of current sensor 16. Diagnosis device 300 stores the output value of current sensor 16 when battery 10 is not charged or discharged as an offset amount. The diagnostic device 300 corrects the detection value of the current sensor 16 with the offset amount to grasp the battery current Ib.
- the diagnostic apparatus 300 determines whether or not the lowest block voltage Vb among the block voltages Vb1 to Vbn is higher than the measurement start voltage Vs (reference voltage).
- diagnostic device 300 advances the process to S30 and thereafter, and performs battery diagnosis.
- diagnostic device 300 ends the process and does not perform battery diagnosis.
- erroneous determination can be prevented by preventing the battery diagnosis from being performed in a situation where the determination accuracy of the battery diagnosis is low.
- the battery diagnosis may not be performed in order to prevent erroneous determination.
- 5b Vehicle 10 battery, 10a battery cell, 11 battery block, 12 temperature sensor, 14 voltage sensor, 16 current sensor, 20 monitoring unit, 22, 24 system main relay, 41, 42 motor generator, 50 engine, 60 power Split mechanism, 70 drive shafts, 80 wheels, 100, 100a control circuit, 110, 311, 311a integration unit, 120 storage unit, 200 charge / discharge device, 210 connector, 300, 300a diagnostic device, 310, 310a calculation unit, 312 end Part, 320 diagnosis part, 321 judgment part, 322 setting part, 400 external power supply.
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Abstract
Description
この発明の別の局面に係る車両は、診断装置によって劣化状態の診断が可能な二次電池を備える。診断装置は、二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも低い状態で二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から第1電圧よりも低い第2電圧に低下するまでに二次電池が放電した電荷量に基づいて二次電池の劣化診断を行なう。車両は、車両の走行中に所定条件が成立した場合、二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から第1電圧と第2電圧との間の中間電圧に低下するまでに二次電池が放電した電荷量を第1放電量として算出する算出部と、第1放電量を診断装置に取得させるために、第1放電量を記憶する記憶部とを備える。診断装置は、車両の停止中に記憶部から第1放電量を取得し、第1放電量を加味して劣化診断を行なう。
この発明の別の局面に係る二次電池の診断方法は、二次電池の診断装置が行なう診断方法である。この診断方法は、二次電池から放電させて、二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも低い状態で二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から第1電圧よりも低い第2電圧に低下するまでに二次電池が放電する電荷量を診断用放電量として算出する算出処理を行なうステップと、診断用放電量に基づいて二次電池の劣化診断を行なうステップとを含む。
[実施例1]
図1は、本発明の実施例1に従う診断装置300によって診断される二次電池を備えた車両5の概略構成を説明するブロック図である。なお、図1に示す車両5はハイブリッド車両であるが、本発明はハイブリッド車両に限定されず電動車両全般に適用可能である。
算出部310は、低SOC領域でバッテリ10の電圧を所定電圧だけ低下させた時のバッテリ10の放電量を算出する。そして、診断部320は、算出部310が算出した放電量に基づいて金属リチウム析出によるバッテリ10の劣化状態を診断する。
(a1) ブロック放電量Q1~Qnのすべてが新品判定閾値A1以上である。
(a2) ブロック電圧Vb1~Vbnのすべてが測定終了電圧Ve以下である。
(a3) ブロック電圧Vb1~Vbnの少なくともいずれか1つが測定終了電圧Ve以下で、かつ、対応するブロック放電量Qが使用不可判定閾値A2未満である。
(a4) ブロック電圧Vb1~Vbnの少なくともいずれか1つが過放電判定閾値Vlow以下である。
(b1) 制御回路100からの情報に異常が発生した。
(b2) バッテリ温度Tbが所定温度範囲外である。
(b3) IGオン状態を解除する操作(IGオフ操作)があった。
(b4) 電流積算処理の開始からの経過時間が上限時間を越えた。
次に、診断部320について説明する。診断部320は、算出部310からのブロック放電量Q(Q1~Qn)およびブロック電圧Vb(Vb1~Vbn)に基づいて、金属リチウム析出によるバッテリ10の劣化状態を診断する。診断部320は、判定部321と設定部322とを含む。
図8は、判定処理を行なう場合の診断装置300の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
S74にて、診断装置300は、第2条件が成立しているか否かを判断する。第2条件は、上述したように、ブロック電圧Vb1~Vbnの少なくともいずれか1つが測定終了電圧Ve以下で、かつ、対応するブロック放電量Qが使用不可判定閾値A2未満である、という条件である。第2条件が成立していると(S74にてYES)、処理はS75に移される。そうでないと(S74にてNO)、処理はS76に移される。
S76にて、診断装置300は、第3条件が成立しているか否かを判断する。第3条件は、上述したように、少なくともいずれか1つのブロック電圧Vbが過放電判定閾値Vlow以下であり、かつ、ブロック放電量Q1~Qnのすべてが使用不可判定閾値A2未満である、という条件である。第3条件が成立していると(S76にてYES)、処理はS75に移される。そうでないと(S76にてNO)、処理はS77に移される。
以上のように、本実施例1に従う診断装置300は、バッテリ10の各ブロック電圧を低SOC領域で測定開始電圧Vsから測定終了電圧Veまで低下させた時の放電量を各ブロックごとに算出し、算出した各放電量に基づいて、金属リチウム析出によるバッテリ10の劣化状態を診断する。そのため、低SOC領域では同じ電圧低下量であってもリチウム析出量が多いほど放電量が少なくなるという特性(低域特性)を利用して、金属リチウム析出によるバッテリ10の劣化状態を高精度で判定することができる。
[実施例2]
上述したように、低域特性を利用してバッテリ10の劣化状態を高精度で判定するためには、電流積算処理に用いられる測定開始電圧Vsを低SOC領域でのブロック電圧Vbの変動範囲内に含まれる値に設定する必要がある。そのため、測定開始電圧Vsを比較的低い値にする必要がある。その一方で、測定開始電圧Vsが低過ぎると、返って判定精度が低下する。
S106にて、制御回路100aは、バッテリ電流Ibの積算値をブロック放電量Q0として記憶部120に記憶する。なお、この処理は各電池ブロック11ごとに個別に実行されるため、n個のブロック放電量Q0(ブロック放電量Q01~Q0n)が記憶部120に記憶される。
[実施例3]
実施例1では、電流積算処理時にバッテリ10に蓄えられた電荷を車両5の内部の補機バッテリに放電していた。また、実施例1では、診断装置300を車両5の外部に設けていた。
[実施例3の変形例]
上述の実施例3では、外部電源400からバッテリ10への充電を開始する前に電池診断が行なわれるため、各ブロック電圧Vbは測定終了電圧Veまで低下することになる。このような場合には、電池診断後に、バッテリ10の電荷を外部電源400にさらに放電してバッテリ10の蓄電量を略零(零よりも僅かに大きい値)まで一旦低下させてから外部電源400からバッテリ10への充電を開始し、充電開始時からバッテリ10が満充電状態になるまでにバッテリ10に充電された電荷量をバッテリ10の蓄電可能容量として計測するようにしてもよい。なお、バッテリ10が満充電状態になったか否かは、たとえばブロック電圧Vbが満充電状態に対応する電圧に達したか否かで判断すればよい。
[実施例4]
実施例2の冒頭でも述べたように、バッテリ10の劣化状態を高精度で判定するためには、測定開始電圧Vsを比較的低い値にする必要があるが、測定開始電圧Vsが低過ぎると返って判定精度が低下する。
Claims (14)
- 二次電池(10)の診断装置であって、
前記二次電池から放電させて、前記二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも低い状態で前記二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から前記第1電圧よりも低い第2電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電する電荷量を診断用放電量として算出する算出処理を行なう算出部(310)と、
前記診断用放電量に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化診断を行なう診断部(320)とを備える、二次電池の診断装置。 - 前記診断部は、前記算出処理時の前記二次電池の放電電流値および温度に基づいて前記劣化診断に用いるしきい値を設定し、前記しきい値と前記診断用放電量とを比較した結果に基づいて前記劣化診断を行なう、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記診断部は、前記算出処理時の前記二次電池の放電電流値および前記二次電池内部の最低温度に基づいて前記劣化診断に用いる第1しきい値を設定し、前記第1しきい値と前記診断用放電量とを比較した結果に基づいて前記二次電池がほとんど劣化していない第1状態であるか否かの診断を行なう、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記診断部は、前記第1しきい値に加えて前記第1しきい値よりも小さな第2しきい値を設定し、前記診断用放電量が前記第1しきい値よりも大きい場合に前記二次電池が前記第1状態であると診断し、前記診断用放電量が前記第1しきい値よりも小さくかつ前記第2しきい値よりも大きい場合に前記二次電池が前記第1状態よりは劣化しているが継続使用は可能な第2状態であると診断し、前記診断用放電量が前記第2しきい値よりも小さい場合に前記二次電池が前記第2状態よりも劣化しており継続使用ができない第3状態であると診断する、請求の範囲第3項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記算出部は、前記二次電池の蓄電量が前記所定量よりも小さい場合に前記算出処理を行ない、前記二次電池の蓄電量が前記所定量よりも大きい場合には前記算出処理を行なわない、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記算出部は、前記二次電池の電圧が前記第1電圧よりも高い場合に前記算出処理を行ない、前記二次電池の電圧が前記第1電圧よりも低い場合は前記算出処理を行なわない、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記二次電池は、前記二次電池の電力で走行可能な車両に搭載され、
前記車両は、走行中に所定条件が成立した場合、前記二次電池の電圧が前記第1電圧から前記第1電圧と前記第2電圧との間の中間電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電した電荷量を第1放電量として算出して記憶する制御装置(100)を備え、
前記算出部は、前記算出処理時に前記制御装置から前記第1放電量を取得し、前記第1放電量を加味して前記診断用放電量を算出する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記車両の停止中に前記二次電池の電圧が前記中間電圧から前記第2電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電した電荷量を第2放電量として算出し、前記第1放電量に前記第2放電量を加えた値を前記診断用放電量として算出する、請求の範囲第7項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記二次電池および前記診断装置は、前記二次電池の電力で走行可能で、かつ、外部電源と前記二次電池との間で電力を授受させるための充放電装置を備えた車両に搭載され、
前記算出部は、前記外部電源が前記車両に接続された場合に、前記充放電装置を制御して前記二次電池から前記外部電源に放電させて前記算出処理を行なう、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。 - 前記診断装置は、前記外部電源が前記車両に接続された場合、前記二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも小さいときは、前記二次電池から前記外部電源に放電させて前記二次電池の蓄電量を略零にした後に前記二次電池への充電を開始し、充電開始から前記二次電池が満充電状態になるまでに前記二次電池に充電された電荷量を前記二次電池の蓄電可能容量として計測する、請求の範囲第9項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 前記二次電池は、リチウムイオン二次電池である、請求の範囲第1項に記載の二次電池の診断装置。
- 診断装置(300)によって劣化状態の診断が可能な二次電池(10)を備えた車両であって、
前記診断装置は、前記二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも低い状態で前記二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から前記第1電圧よりも低い第2電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電した電荷量に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化診断を行ない、
前記車両は、
前記車両の走行中に所定条件が成立した場合、前記二次電池の電圧が前記第1電圧から前記第1電圧と前記第2電圧との間の中間電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電した電荷量を第1放電量として算出する算出部(110)と、
前記第1放電量を前記診断装置に取得させるために、前記第1放電量を記憶する記憶部(120)とを備え、
前記診断装置は、前記車両の停止中に前記記憶部から前記第1放電量を取得し、前記第1放電量を加味して前記劣化診断を行なう、車両。 - 前記車両は、前記診断装置を内部に備える、請求の範囲第12項に記載の車両。
- 二次電池(10)の診断装置(300)が行なう診断方法であって、
前記二次電池から放電させて、前記二次電池の蓄電量が所定量よりも低い状態で前記二次電池の電圧が第1電圧から前記第1電圧よりも低い第2電圧に低下するまでに前記二次電池が放電する電荷量を診断用放電量として算出する算出処理を行なうステップと、
前記診断用放電量に基づいて前記二次電池の劣化診断を行なうステップとを含む、二次電池の診断方法。
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