WO2011118211A1 - 多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法 - Google Patents
多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to culture of pluripotent cells, and more particularly to a culture method for differentiating pluripotent mammalian cells.
- the technique used for testing and examining cells isolated from tissues is an indispensable method in the field of biotechnology. It is widely used for diagnosing diseases and pathological conditions, searching for new drugs and determining their efficacy, animal testing, plant testing, and testing for environmental pollutants. Therefore, the cells used in the biotechnology field have been extremely diversified.
- pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) have been studied.
- a pluripotent cell is a sabo that can differentiate into all the cell types that make up the tissues, organs, and organs that form ecology.
- ES cells have become a powerful model system for studying the biological properties of pluripotent cells and the mechanisms underlying differentiation in early embryos, genetic manipulation of mammals and the resulting commercial and medical And providing opportunities for agricultural applications.
- techniques for diagnosing diseases and pathological conditions, searching for new drugs, and determining the efficacy of drugs using appropriate proliferation and differentiation of ES cells have been developed.
- the isolated pluripotent cells may be immediately used for the test, but in many cases, the operation of growing and differentiating the cells in a culture dish or a test tube is performed. Various tests are performed using the cultured cells. Isolated pluripotent cells are required to show the same drug sensitivity and toxicity reaction as differentiated in vivo tests, so-called in vivo tests, and at the same time differentiate into target cells with high efficiency. It is required to be.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition and method for producing differentiated mammalian cells. Specifically, culturing cells on feeder layers or in feeder-free conditions in cell culture, as well as inhibiting the PI3-kinase pathway to produce differentiated mammalian cells from pluripotent mammalian stem cells A cell differentiation method employing an agent and a further contact with a TGFb family member is disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that the differentiation efficiency of pluripotent cells changes according to the size of the aggregate of the embryoid body (Embryoid® Body).
- controlling the size of the aggregates is one of the most important factors for obtaining uniform endoderm lineage cells or differentiated cells such as hepatocytes and ⁇ cells. It has become one.
- Matrigel having cell adhesion is arranged on the bottom of the culture with a diameter of several tens ⁇ m to several hundreds ⁇ m to form a cell adhesion region. By coating a cell non-adhesive polymer around the cell adhesion region, cells are selectively adhered to the cell adhesion region, and the size of the embryoid body aggregate is controlled.
- the culture method disclosed in the non-patent literature has a problem of complicated operation and high cost.
- some cells may adhere to the non-cell-adhered portion during the culture period, and there remains a problem in differentiating the cells with high efficiency. This makes it difficult to control the size of the aggregates of the embryoid body.
- the present invention provides a cell culture container having a plurality of microcontainers on the surface, the culture surface comprising a space having a bottom area of 100 ⁇ m 2 to 1 mm 2 and a depth of 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of controlling the size of the embryoid body using the cell culture container, and capable of inducing differentiation in a state in which the size of the embryoid body is controlled.
- One embodiment of the culture method for differentiating pluripotent mammalian cells uses a cell culture vessel having a plurality of micro vessels on the culture surface.
- the cell culture container has a culture surface composed of a space in which the height of the spatial structure of the micro container is 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m and the bottom area is 100 ⁇ m 2 to 1 mm 2 .
- pluripotent mammalian cells are cultured using this cell culture vessel to obtain a cell population at least partially differentiated into endoderm lineage cells.
- the size of the embryoid body to be cultured is controlled. And the differentiation of a cell is induced
- the pluripotent mammalian cells are embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), teratocarcinoma cells, It is preferably selected from any of sperm stem cells.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- teratocarcinoma cells It is preferably selected from any of sperm stem cells.
- 1 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 pluripotent mammalian cells are seeded in one microcontainer and cultured to obtain the cell population.
- the pluripotent mammalian cells are selected from the group consisting of TGF- ⁇ family, FGF family, and PI3-kinase signaling pathway inhibitor. It is preferable to culture in a medium containing one kind of substance or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the above-mentioned member of the TGF- ⁇ family is preferably a single substance or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of Nodal, Activin A, Activin B, TGF- ⁇ , BMP2, and BMP4.
- the above-mentioned FGF family member is preferably a single substance or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of b-FGF, FGF-4, and FGF-2.
- the aforementioned PI3-kinase signaling pathway inhibitor is one type selected from the group consisting of LY294002, rapamycin, worstmannin, lithium chloride, Akt inhibitor I, Akt inhibitor II, Akt inhibitor III, NL-71-101. Or a mixture of two or more.
- the culture method for differentiating pluripotent mammalian cells (1) obtaining a cell population that at least partially expresses SOX17 and does not express AFP, (2) at least Obtaining a cell population that partially expresses SOX17 and does not express Pdx-1, (3) obtains a cell population that at least partially expresses FoxA1 or FoxA2 and does not express AFP; (4) It is any one of obtaining a cell population that at least partially expresses FoxA1 or FoxA2 and does not express Pdx-1.
- a cell population differentiated into endoderm lineage cells obtained by the culture method described above is transformed into FGF, BMP2, HGF, KGF, EGF. Culturing in a medium containing one or more substances selected from the group consisting of TGF- ⁇ , HB-EGF, VEGF, PDGF, DMSO, dexamethasone, oncostatin M, and insulin. Then, a second cell population in which cells expressing at least either albumin (ALB) or alpha fetoprotein (AFP) are partially present is obtained.
- ARB albumin
- AFP alpha fetoprotein
- the culture method for differentiating pluripotent mammalian cells it is preferable to culture in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 4% or less.
- the above-mentioned cell culture container is made of acrylic resin, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, styrene resin, acrylic / styrene copolymer resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer resin. It is preferably a resin molded product comprising one or a combination of thermoplastic elastomer, vinyl chloride resin, and silicon resin.
- the angle formed by the bottom and each side surface of the side wall is 80 ° to 90 ° in the upper 50% or more of the side wall formed in the height direction of the space structure of the micro container. Is preferred.
- the long diameter of the bottom of the micro container is in the range of 1 to 1.5 times the short diameter.
- the surface treatment is performed in the region where the above-described micro container is provided.
- the surface treatment is coated with an inorganic material, coated with an extracellular matrix such as collagen or laminin, coated with a synthetic material, or coated with a plasma treatment.
- the surface of the micro container is 1 nm, which is a diameter corresponding to cell adhesion spots, or 20 ⁇ m, which is a diameter corresponding to one cell.
- a cell culture container having a plurality of micro containers on the surface, the cell culture container having a culture surface composed of a space having a bottom area of 100 ⁇ m 2 to 1 mm 2 and a depth of 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the present invention provides a culture method for realizing differentiation of pluripotent mammalian cells that can be used to achieve control of embryoid body size and can be induced to differentiate in a state where embryoid body size is controlled.
- FIG. 2 is a II-II cross-sectional view of the cell culture container of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which culture
- FIG. 5 is a VV sectional view of the cell culture container of FIG. 4. It is a top view which shows other structure of the cell culture container which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 7 is a VII-VII cross-sectional view of the cell culture container of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of the cell culture container according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the cell culture container 10 includes a micro container 11 and a side wall 12.
- a plurality of side walls 12 are formed in a mesh shape on the culture surface of the cell culture container 10, and a space (micro space) surrounded on all sides by the side walls 12 becomes the micro container 11.
- the bottom area of the present invention refers to a projected area when irradiated with parallel light from above in a vertical direction in the micro-container opening horizontal plane (side wall 12 upper surface flush with) to the container bottom, its area, 100 [mu] m 2 ⁇ 1 mm 2 .
- the bottom of the micro container is U-shaped, the shape projected by parallel light incident on the bottom from above in the direction perpendicular to the opening surface is the bottom area.
- the major axis and minor axis of the projected bottom are, in the case of circles and ellipses, the distance on each axis at the intersection of the major axis and minor axis and the circumference passing through the center of gravity, called the major axis and minor axis.
- the difference between the area of the polygon and the extrapolated circle or ellipse that passes through each vertex is the longest and shortest axis.
- the bottom shape of the micro container 11 is not particularly limited, and various shapes other than a square, a circle, and a polygon can be adopted.
- the bottom area is preferably 0.01 mm 2 to 0.1 mm 2 .
- the major axis of the bottom is preferably 1 to 1.5 times the minor axis.
- an isotropic shape is preferable, and when it is square, for example, when an aggregate of embryoid bodies having an equivalent diameter of 100 ⁇ m is formed, the length of one side is preferably 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the length of one side is preferably 500 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m.
- the portion of 50% or more from the upper part of the side surface is preferably 80 ° to 90 °, particularly 85 ° to 90 °. It is preferable that
- the height c of the side wall 12 is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m as long as the cells cultured in the micro container 11 do not ride on and move to the adjacent micro container 11.
- the height c of the side wall 12 is preferably 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m when an aggregate of embryoid bodies having an equivalent diameter of 100 ⁇ m is formed. Further, for example, when an aggregate of embryoid bodies having an equivalent diameter of 500 ⁇ m is formed, 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m is preferable.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which cells are cultured using the cell culture container of FIG.
- FIG. 3 it is the figure which looked through the cell culture container from the side.
- a cell culture vessel 10 is placed in an arbitrary petri dish or well plate 7, and the cell culture vessel 10 is filled with a medium 8.
- the cells 9 are cultured in the micro container 11 formed by being surrounded by the side wall 12.
- the width a of the bottom part of the micro container 11 and the width b and height c of the side wall 12 are shown as in FIGS.
- the culture surface is a surface of a space formed by the bottom of the micro container 11 and the side wall 12. Cells 9 are cultured using the culture surface.
- the opening part 13 may be formed in the center part of each edge
- the width d of the opening 13 for communicating the adjacent microcontainers 11 with each other may be such that the cultured cells cannot move from the microcontainer 11 where the cultured cells are initially seeded to the adjacent microcontainer 11.
- the equivalent diameter of the cultured cells is 20 ⁇ m, it is preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of another cell culture container according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV of FIG.
- the cell culture container according to the present embodiment may have a partitioned spot composed of a predetermined number of a plurality of micro containers.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the configuration of still another cell culture unit according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6 and 7 show an example in which the structure of the micro container shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is used.
- FIG. 6 shows a side wall 24 and a partitioned spot 23 for partitioning a plurality of micro containers.
- the height e of the side wall 24 may be any volume as long as a supernatant such as a culture solution or a reaction solution can be retained without being dried, and may be set as appropriate.
- the side wall 24 it is possible to use different media for each spot 23. 6 and 7, the configuration example having the side wall 24 is shown, but the configuration without the side wall 24 may be used.
- the method for producing the concavo-convex pattern on the cell culture vessel is not particularly limited. For example, transfer molding using a mold, three-dimensional stereolithography, precision machine cutting, wet etching, dry etching, laser processing, electric discharge processing, etc. A method is mentioned. It is preferable to appropriately select these production methods in consideration of the use of the cell culture container, required processing accuracy, cost, and the like.
- the method of transfer molding using a mold there is a method of forming an uneven pattern by resin molding using a metal structure as a mold.
- This method is preferable because the shape of the metal structure can be reproduced in a concavo-convex pattern on the resin at a high transfer rate, and the cost of the material can be reduced by using a general-purpose resin material.
- the method using such a metal structure mold is excellent in that it is low in cost and can satisfy high dimensional accuracy.
- the metal structure for example, a plating process on a resist pattern produced by photolithography or a resin pattern produced by three-dimensional stereolithography, precision mechanical cutting, wet etching, dry etching, laser processing, electric discharge Processing etc. are mentioned. What is necessary is just to select suitably in consideration of a use, the required process precision, cost, etc.
- Examples of a method for forming a concavo-convex pattern on a resin using the metal structure obtained above as a mold include, for example, injection molding, press molding, monomer cast molding, solvent cast molding, hot emboss molding, roll transfer by extrusion molding, etc. Can be mentioned. It is preferable to employ injection molding from the viewpoint of productivity and mold transferability.
- the material constituting the cell culture vessel is not particularly limited as long as it has self-supporting properties, and examples thereof include synthetic resin, silicon, and glass. From the viewpoint of cost and cell visibility by microscopic observation, it is preferable to use a transparent synthetic resin as a material.
- transparent synthetic resins include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymers, styrene resins such as polystyrene and acrylic / styrene copolymer resins, and olefins such as cycloolefins.
- Resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, silicone resins such as polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer resins, thermoplastic elastomers , Vinyl chloride resin, silicon resin and the like.
- a resin may contain various additives such as a colorant, a diffusing agent, and a thickener as long as the transparency is not impaired.
- the cell culture container is provided with a modified layer and / or a coating layer on the surface of the concavo-convex pattern for the purpose of improving the hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, cell affinity, etc. of the container surface. Also good.
- the method for providing the modified layer is not particularly limited unless it is a method for losing self-supporting property or a method for causing extreme surface roughness of 100 ⁇ m or more.
- a graft polymer obtained by chemical treatment, solvent treatment, or surface graft polymerization. And methods such as chemical treatment such as introduction of carbon, physical treatment such as corona discharge, ozone treatment, and plasma treatment.
- the method for providing the coating layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dry coating such as sputtering and vapor deposition, wet coating such as inorganic material coating and polymer coating. It is desirable to impart hydrophilicity to the concavo-convex pattern in order to inject the culture solution without mixing bubbles, and inorganic vapor deposition is preferred as a method for forming a uniform hydrophilic film.
- a cell affinity protein such as collagen, fibronectin or laminin.
- a cell affinity protein such as collagen, fibronectin or laminin.
- Each of the above surface treatments may be performed alone or in combination as necessary.
- the cells are placed only in the micro container for culturing the cells, and the appropriate number of cells is seeded in order to express similar forms and functions in the living body in the space.
- a cell seeding density of 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 is preferable, and a cell seeding density of 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / cm 2 is more preferable.
- the micro container is square and one side is 100 ⁇ m, 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / cm 2 are preferable.
- the pluripotent mammalian cell to be used may be a culture plate having a general flat culture surface or a cell grown using a culture dish, or may be grown using the above-described cell culture vessel. May be.
- feeder cells are generally used for the cell growth described above, but it is more preferable not to use feeder cells in order to prevent contamination of other cells and to simplify the operation.
- the cell culture method using the above-described cell culture vessel includes a step of forming an aggregate of embryoid bodies. At this time, feeder cells may be used, but contamination of other cells is prevented, and operation is simplified. In view of the above, it is more preferable not to use feeder cells.
- pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to give rise to any type of cell other than those that support the structure of the embryo.
- pluripotent cell refers to a cell that can develop at least into one of ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm cells.
- totipotent cell refers to a cell that can develop into a full lineage of cells.
- ES cell embryonic stem cell
- iPS cell induced pluripotent stem cell
- pluripotent refers to a cell that is not terminally differentiated.
- pluripotency forms differentiated cell types from all three germ layers (mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm) without manipulation (ie, nuclear transfer or dedifferentiation induction). It refers to cells that cannot, or in other words, partially differentiated cells.
- pluripotent human cell encompasses pluripotent cells obtained from a human embryo, fetus or adult tissue.
- Pluripotent human cells include ES cells, iPS cells, human inner cell mass (ICM) / epiblast upper layer cells, human primitive ectoderm cells such as early primitive ectoderm cells (EPL), human primordial germ (EG) cells And from the group consisting of human teratocarcinoma (EC) cells.
- endoderm includes, but is not limited to, definitive endoderm, mural endoderm, visceral endoderm, and mesendoderm cells.
- the term “definitive endoderm” differentiates in the embryo into any or a number of endoderm cell types (ie, pancreas, liver, lung, stomach, intestine and thyroid) that are generated from the endoderm lineage. Refers to early endoderm cells with capacity. Definitive endoderm cells are multipotent.
- the use of the term “definitive endoderm” in the context of the present invention means that the cell is at least more differentiated towards the endoderm cell type than the resulting pluripotent cell.
- the production of endoderm cells includes the production of cell cultures that are enriched for endoderm cells.
- “Definitive endoderm” cells are characterized by the expression of specific marker transcripts such as SOX17 and the absence of marker transcripts associated with AFP and thrombomodulin.
- the cells may express MIX1, GATA4, HNF ⁇ , and HNF3b.
- gastrulation A critical stage in the early human development termed gastrulation occurs 2-3 weeks after fertilization.
- the definitive endoderm formation process begins with a cell migration event in which mesendoderm cells (cells suitable for mesoderm or endoderm formation) migrate through structures called primitive streak.
- the definitive endoderm is derived from cells that migrate through the striatum and nodules (a special structure at the foremost striatum). When migration occurs, the definitive endoderm first occupies the foremost intestinal tract and reaches its maximum with the formation of the posterior end of the intestine.
- differentiate refers to the production of a cell type that has differentiated better than the cell type from which it was obtained. Thus, this term encompasses partially differentiated and terminally differentiated cell types.
- the term “isolated” means the natural supply of the cell so that the cell, cell line, cell culture or cell population can be cultured in vitro. Refers to substantial separation from the source. Furthermore, the term “isolating” refers to the physical selection of one or more cells from a group of two or more cells, wherein these cells are cell morphology and / or various Selected based on the expression of a marker.
- express refers to the transcription of a polynucleotide or translation of a polypeptide in a cell, whereby the molecule in a cell that expresses that molecule, rather than the level of that molecule in a cell that does not express that molecule. The level is higher enough to measure.
- Methods for measuring the expression of molecules are well known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, Northern blots, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blots, and immunostaining.
- adheresive culture allows cells to be cultured on a solid surface, which in turn can be coated with a solid support, which in turn is a surface coating of another support, such as those listed below: Or refers to a cell culture system in which the support can be coated with any other chemical or biological material that allows the cells to grow or stabilize in culture. These cells can or cannot adhere firmly to a solid surface or support.
- Sox17 is a marker indicating an endoderm lineage cell. It is a transcriptional regulator that includes a DNA-binding domain and is a member of the Sry-related high mobility group box (Sox) family that is deeply involved in stem cell fate decisions and is required for endoderm formation and maintenance It is known. Reference: Hudson, C., Clements, D., Friday, RV, Stott, D., and Woodland, HR (1997). Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus. Cell 91, 397-405.
- FoxA1 and “FoxA2” are members of the Human Forkhead-box (FOX) gene family and are said to be expressed at the stage before differentiation into pancreatic cells and hepatocytes. That is, a cell expressing these genes is defined as an intermediate cell between an endoderm lineage cell and a mature tissue cell.
- Pdx-1 is a gene expressed in pancreatic cells and is known to be a marker for pancreatic cells.
- AFP is a gene expressed in hepatocytes and is known to be a marker for hepatocytes.
- Example 1 Adjustment process of mouse iPS cells Using a cell culture container in which a space of a micro container having a height of 50 ⁇ m, a width of 100 ⁇ m, and a depth of 100 ⁇ m is regularly arranged on the bottom of the culture, 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / cm 2
- mouse iPS cells were seeded and cultured in a DMEM (GIBCO) medium containing 18% FBS, 2-mercaptoethanol (110 mM) and 500 U / ml leukemia inhibitory factor for 3 days. The medium was changed once / 24 hours.
- DMEM DMEM
- Endoderm cell production process 1% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acids, 1% nucleosides, 1% penicillin / streptomycin, 1% glutamic acid, 3% BSA, 100 ng / ml FGF-2, and 100 ng / ml Activin
- the medium was changed to DMEM-F12 (GIBCO) medium containing -A and cultured for 3 days. The medium was exchanged once every 12 hours.
- DMEM-F12 medium containing 10-15% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acid, 1% nucleosides, 1% penicillin / streptomycin, 1% glutamic, 50 ng / ml HGF, and 1% DMSO And cultured for 8 days. The medium was exchanged once every 12 hours. Furthermore, the cells were cultured for 3 days in DMEM-F12 medium containing 10-15% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acid, 1% penicillin / streptomycin, 1% glutamic acid, 100 ng / ml dHGF, and 10 ⁇ 7 M dexamethasone. The medium was exchanged once every 12 hours.
- Feeder cell preparation step Feeder cells (Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts) (Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., P-MEF-CF), 10% FBS, 4500 mg / L-glucose , Cultured in DMEM medium containing 2 mM L-glutamine and 1% penicillin / streptomycin for 8 hours.
- iPS cells Preparation of mouse iPS cells (2 steps)
- 1.1 Cell seeding step Mouse iPS cells were seeded at 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / cm 2 in the culture dish obtained in step 0 above, and 18.% FBS, 2-mercaptoethanol (110 mM) and 500 U / ml leukemia inhibitory factor in DMEM (GIBCO) medium for 3 days. The medium was changed once / 24 hours.
- 1.2 Cell recovery step After removing the medium in 1.1 and washing with PBS, iPS cells were detached from the feeder cells using a 0.25% trypsin / EDTA solution.
- EB culture Agglomerate production process
- the cells obtained in 1.2 were seeded on a culture dish having a flat culture bottom with a diameter of 6 cm.
- the medium was cultured for 2 days in a DMEM-F12 (GIBCO) medium containing 15% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acids, 1% nucleosides, 1% penicillin / streptomycin and 1% glutamic acid.
- the medium was changed once / day.
- DMEM- containing 10-15% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acid, 1% nucleosides, 1% penicillin / streptomycin, 1% glutamic acid, 50 ng / ml HGF, and 1% DMSO The medium was changed to F12 medium and cultured for 8 days. The medium was exchanged once every 12 hours. Furthermore, the medium was changed to DMEM-F12 medium containing 10-15% FBS, 1% nonessential amino acid, 1% penicillin / streptomycin, 1% glutamic acid, 100 ng / ml dHGF, and 10 ⁇ 7 M dexamethasone for 3 days. Cultured. The medium was exchanged once every 12 hours.
- the analysis is performed by a real-time PCR method.
- the iPS cells before being used in the above step 1 and the cells after the completion of the above 4 culturing steps are collected, and quantitative analysis of AFP, ALB, and GAPDH mRNA is performed. It was.
- the mRNA expression levels of ALB and AFP were calculated as values for GAPDH.
- Example 2 Induction of human iPS cell differentiation using a culture plate with a microvessel 0.
- Feeder cell adjustment process Feeder cells (Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts) are placed in a plastic culture cell with a flat diameter of ⁇ 6 cm and 10% FBS, 4500 mg / L-glucose, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% penicillin / streptomycin. For 8 hours.
- Human iPS Cell Preparation Step Human iPS cell line 201B7 (RIKEN BRC number: HPS0001)) was maintained on mouse fibroblasts (MEF) using a medium containing DMEM / F12 + 20% KSR + bFGF.
- iPS cells were seeded and cultured for 24 hours in a differentiation induction medium in which B27 was added to RPMI1640. After 24 hours, the human activin was replaced with a medium added to the differentiation-inducing medium and cultured for 6 days. The medium was exchanged once every 2 days.
- the differentiation induction medium was replaced with a medium containing 40 ng hHGF, and further cultured for 4 days.
- the medium was exchanged once every 2 days.
- Human iPS Cell Preparation Step Human iPS cell line 201B7 (RIKEN BRC number: HPS0001) was maintained on mouse fibroblasts (MEF) using a medium containing DMEM / F12 + 20% KSR + bFGF.
- the differentiation induction medium was replaced with a medium containing 40 ng hHGF, and further cultured for 4 days.
- the medium was exchanged once every 2 days.
- Table 2 shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of differentiation induction into embryonic endoderm cells.
- SOX17 and CXCR4 are definitive endoderm
- AFP is a marker of hepatocyte lineage cells.
- Table 3 shows the results of analyzing the presence or absence of differentiation induction into hepatocyte lineage cells.
- SOX17 is an embryonic endoderm cell
- HNF4A and AFP are markers specific to hepatocyte lineage cells.
- Table 4 compares the gene expression level of SOX17 after differentiation induction into the hepatocyte lineage of Table 3 with the gene expression level of SOX17 after induction of embryonic endoderm cell differentiation in Table 2, and in each culture condition. The rate of expression decline was shown.
- Example 2 shows that the expression levels of markers SOX17 and CXCR4 specific to embryonic endoderm cells are as high as about 5 times and 1.7 times that of Comparative Example 2, and most of the markers of hepatocyte lineage cells are present. Not expressed. That is, Example 2 (a cell culture container having a micro container) can be efficiently differentiated into embryonic endoderm cells.
- Example 2 the expression levels of markers HNF4A and AFP specific to hepatocyte lineage cells are about twice and 22 times higher than those of Comparative Example 2, respectively, and there are many markers of embryonic endoderm cells. It is expressed. And as shown in Table 4, the value of SOX17 after differentiation into hepatocyte lineage cells was 1/10 of the comparative example, and after differentiation into hepatocyte lineage cells. It can be said that the ratio of the endoderm lineage cells remains small. That is, Example 2 (cell culture vessel having a microvessel) can be efficiently differentiated into hepatocytes, which are embryonic endoderm lineage cells.
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Abstract
Description
まず、実施の形態に係る細胞培養容器について説明し、その後、細胞培養方法について説明する。
1.細胞培養容器
図1は、本実施の形態に係る細胞培養容器の構成を示す平面図であり、図2は図1のII-II断面図である。図1に示すように、細胞培養容器10はマイクロ容器11、側壁12を備える。細胞培養容器10の培養面には、複数の側壁12が網目状に形成されており、この側壁12に四方を囲われた空間(マイクロ空間)がマイクロ容器11となる。
本実施形態では、多能性哺乳細胞を培養し、少なくとも部分的に内胚葉系列(Endoderm Lineages)の細胞に分化した細胞集団を得る培養方法を説明する。
本明細書では、細胞培養方法を説明するにあたって、次の用語を用いる。
用語「多能性細胞」は、外胚葉、内胚葉、および中胚葉細胞の1つに少なくとも発達することができる細胞を指す。
用語「全能性細胞」は、全系列の細胞に発達することができる細胞を指す。
用語「胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)」は、万能細胞の一種であり、さまざまな異なる細胞に分化し、増殖する能力を持つ、発生初期の胚由来の細胞である。ES細胞は、受精卵の一段階である胚盤胞から取り出した内部細胞塊から樹立される。
用語「誘導多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)」は、万能細胞の一種であり、ES細胞と同様に増殖して各種細胞へと分化することが可能な細胞である。iPS細胞は皮膚細胞などから作り出すことができる。
用語「多能性ヒト細胞」は、ヒト胚、胎児または成体組織から得られた多能性細胞を包含する。多能性ヒト細胞は、ES細胞、iPS細胞、ヒト内部細胞塊(ICM)/胚盤葉上層細胞、初期原始外胚葉細胞(EPL)などのヒト原始外胚葉細胞、ヒト始原生殖(EG)細胞、およびヒト奇形癌腫(EC)細胞からなる群から選択することができる。
参考文献:Hudson, C., Clements, D., Friday, R.V., Stott, D., and Woodland, H.R.(1997). Xsox17alpha and -beta mediate endoderm formation in Xenopus. Cell 91, 397-405.
用語「Pdx-1」は、膵臓細胞に発現する遺伝子で、膵臓細胞のマーカであることが知られている。
用語「AFP」は、肝細胞に発現する遺伝子で、肝細胞のマーカであることが知られている。
1.マウスiPS細胞の調整工程
マイクロ容器の高さが50μm、幅が100μm、奥行きが100μmの空間が培養底面に規則的に配置された細胞培養容器を用い、0.5×105個/cm2になるように、マウスiPS細胞を播種し、18% FBS,2-mercaptoethanol(110mM),及び、500U/ml leukemia inhibitory factorを含むDMEM(GIBCO社製)培地で3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/24時間の頻度で行った。
15%FBS,1% nonessential amino acids,1% nucleosides,1% penicillin/streptomycin,及び、1% glutamic acidを含むDMEM-F12(GIBCO社製)培地に交換して2日間培養した。培地交換は1回/1日の頻度で行った。
1% FBS,1% nonessential amino acids,1% nucleosides,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acid,3% BSA, 100ng/ml FGF-2、及び、100ng/ml Activin-Aを含むDMEM-F12(GIBCO社製)培地に交換して3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。
10-15% FBS,1% nonessential amino acid,1% nucleosides,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic,50ng/ml HGF、及び、1% DMSOを含むDMEM-F12培地に交換して、8日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。さらに、10-15% FBS,1% nonessential amino acid,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acid,100ng/ml dHGF、及び、10-7M dexamethasoneを含むDMEM-F12培地で、3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。
0.フィーダ細胞の調整工程
φ6cmのプラスチック製の培養底面が平坦な細胞培養ディッシュに、フィーダ細胞(Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts)(大日本製薬社 P-MEF-CF)を、10%FBS,4500mg/L-glucose,2mM L-glutamine,1% penicillin/streptomycinを含むDMEM培地で8時間培養した。
1.1 細胞播種工程
上記0の工程で得られた培養ディッシュに、0.5×105個/cm2になるように、マウスiPS細胞を播種し、18.% FBS,2-mercaptoethanol(110 mM)、及び、500U/ml leukemia inhibitory factorを含むDMEM(GIBCO社製)培地で3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/24時間の頻度で行った。
1.2 細胞回収工程
1.1の培地を取り除き、PBSで洗浄した後、0.25%トリプシン/EDTA溶液を用いて、フィーダ細胞上からiPS細胞を剥離した。
φ6cmのプラスチック製の培養底面が平坦な培養ディッシュに、1.2で得られた細胞を播種した。培地は、15%FBS,1% nonessential amino acids, 1% nucleosides, 1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acidを含むDMEM-F12(GIBCO社製)培地を用いて2日間培養した。培地交換は1回/1日の頻度で行った。
1% FBS,1% nonessential amino acids,1% nucleosides,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acid,3% BSA,100 ng/ml FGF-2、及び、100ng/ml Activin-Aを含むDMEM-F12(GIBCO社製)培地に交換して3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。
10-15% FBS,1% nonessential amino acid,1% nucleosides,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acid,50 ng/ml HGF、及び、1% DMSOを含むDMEM-F12培地に交換して、8日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。さらに、10-15% FBS,1% nonessential amino acid,1% penicillin/streptomycin,1% glutamic acid,100ng/ml dHGF、及び、10-7M dexamethasoneを含むDMEM-F12培地に交換して、3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/12時間の頻度で行った。
分析は、リアルタイムPCR法で行い、上記1の工程に使用する前のiPS細胞と、上記4の培養工程が終了した後の細胞を回収して、AFP、ALB、GAPDHのmRNAの定量解析を行った。ALBとAFPのmRNA発現量はGAPDHに対する値として算出した。
上記1の工程に使用する前のiPS細胞の各遺伝子発現量を1とした場合の相対値を示す。
マイクロ容器をもつ培養プレートを用いたヒトiPS細胞の分化誘導
0.フィーダ細胞の調整工程
φ6cmのプラスチック製の培養底面が平坦な細胞培養ディッシュに、フィーダ細胞(Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts)を、10%FBS,4500mg/L-glucose,2mM L-glutamine,1% penicillin/streptomycinを含むDMEM培地で8時間培養した。
ヒトiPS細胞株201B7(理研BRC番号:HPS0001))はマウス線維芽細胞(MEF)上でDMEM/F12+20%KSR+bFGFを含む培地を用いて維持した。
マトリゲルをコートした、マイクロ容器の高さが50μm、幅が100μm、奥行きが100μmの空間が培養底面に規則的に配置された細胞培養容器に、単細胞に分散したヒトiPS細胞を播種し、RPMI1640にB27を添加した分化誘導培地を用いて24時間培養した。24時間後に、ヒト型アクチビンを分化誘導培地に添加した培地に交換し、6日間培養した。培地交換は1回/2日の頻度で行った。
実施例2に記載の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」の操作を行なった後、分化誘導培地に10ng bFGF、20ng/ml hBMP4を添加した培地に交換し、3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/2日の頻度で行なった。
平板の培養プレートを用いたヒトiPS細胞の分化誘導
0.フィーダ細胞の調整工程
φ6cmのプラスチック製の培養底面が平坦な細胞培養ディッシュに、フィーダ細胞(Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts)を、10%FBS,4500mg/L-glucose,2mM L-glutamine,1% penicillin/streptomycinを含むDMEM培地で8時間培養した。
ヒトiPS細胞株201B7(理研BRC番号:HPS0001)はマウス線維芽細胞(MEF)上でDMEM/F12+20%KSR+bFGFを含む培地を用いて維持した。
マトリゲルをコートした、平らな培養底面を有する細胞培養容器に、単細胞に分散したヒトiPS細胞を播種し、RPMI1640にB27を添加した分化誘導培地を用いて24時間培養した。24時間後に、ヒト型アクチビンを分化誘導培地に添加した培地に交換し、6日間培養した。培地交換は1回/2日の頻度で行った。
比較例2に記載の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」の操作を行なった後、分化誘導培地に10ng bFGF、20ng/ml hBMP4を添加した培地に交換し、3日間培養した。培地交換は1回/2日の頻度で行なった。
実施例2の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」及び比較例2の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」の細胞を用いて、胚体内胚葉細胞のマーカSox17およびCXCR4の遺伝子発現量を定量PCRにより解析した。実施例2の「3.肝細胞系列の細胞の作製工程」及び比較例2の「3.肝細胞系列の細胞の作製工程」の細胞を用いて、肝臓細胞系列の細胞のマーカHNF4AおよびAFPの発現を定量PCRにより解析した。値は、比較例2のマーカの発現量を1とした場合の相対値で示した。
胚性内胚葉細胞への分化誘導の有無を解析した結果を、表2に示した。ここで、SOX17及びCXCR4は胚体内胚葉、AFPは肝細胞系列の細胞のマーカである。実施例2の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」及び比較例2の「2.胚性内胚葉細胞の作製工程」の段階では、胚性内胚葉細胞に分化させる工程であることから、SOX17及びCXCR4が多く発現され、AFPの発現量が小さいほど、胚性内胚葉細胞に効率的に分化しているといえる。
即ち、実施例2(マイクロ容器を有する細胞培養容器)は、効率的に胚性内胚葉系列の細胞である肝細胞に分化させることができる。
8 培地
9 細胞
10 細胞培養容器
11 マイクロ容器
12 側壁
13 開口部
23 スポット
24 スポットの側壁
Claims (22)
- 培養表面に複数のマイクロ容器を有する細胞培養容器であって、前記マイクロ容器の空間構造の高さが10μm~500μm、底部面積が100μm2~1mm2の空間から構成される培養表面を有する細胞培養容器を用いて、多能性哺乳細胞を培養し、少なくとも部分的に内胚葉系列の細胞に分化した細胞集団を得る多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記多能性哺乳細胞は、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)、誘導多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)、奇形癌腫細胞・精子幹細胞のいずれかから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記多能性哺乳細胞を、1つの前記マイクロ容器に1個~3×105個播種して前記細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記多能性哺乳細胞を、TGF-βファミリー、FGFファミリー、及びPI3-キナーゼシグナル伝達経路阻害剤からなる群から選択される1種類の物質または2種類以上の混合物を含む培地で培養して前記細胞集団を得ることを特徴とすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記TGF-βファミリーのメンバーは、Nodal、Activin A、Activin B、TGF-β、BMP2、及びBMP4からなる群から選択される1種類の物質または2種類以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項4の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記FGFファミリーのメンバーは、b-FGF、FGF-4、FGF-2からなる群から選択される1種類の物質または2種類以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項4または5の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記PI3-キナーゼシグナル伝達経路阻害剤は、LY294002、ラパマイシン、wortmannin、塩化リチウム、Akt阻害剤I、Akt阻害剤II、Akt阻害剤III、NL-71-101からなる群から選択される1種類の物質または2種類以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 少なくとも部分的にSOX17を発現しておりAFPを発現していない細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 少なくとも部分的にSOX17を発現しておりPdx-1を発現していない細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 少なくとも部分的にFoxA1またはFoxA2を発現しておりAFPを発現していない細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 少なくとも部分的にFoxA1またはFoxA2を発現しておりPdx-1を発現していない細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の内胚葉系列の細胞に分化した細胞集団を、FGF、BMP2、HGF、KGF、EGF、TGF-α、HB-EGF、VEGF、PDGF、DMSO、デキサメタゾン、oncostatin M、及びインスリンからなる群から選択される、1種類または2種類以上の物質を含む培地で培養し、少なくとも、アルブミン(ALB)と、アルファフェトプロテイン(AFP)とのいずれかを発現する細胞が部分的に存在する第2細胞集団を得ることを特徴とする多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 酸素濃度が4%以下の大気中で培養することを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記細胞培養容器は、アクリル系樹脂、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、スチレン系樹脂、アクリル・スチレン系共重合樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、エチレン・ビニルアルコール系共重合樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系樹脂、及びシリコン樹脂のうち1つまたはそれ以上の組み合わせからなる、樹脂成型品である、請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記マイクロ容器は、前記マイクロ容器の空間構造の高さ方向に形成された側壁の上部50%以上の部分において、前記底部と該側壁の各側面がなす角度が80°~90°であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記マイクロ容器底部の長径が短径の1~1.5倍の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記マイクロ容器が設けられた領域に、表面処理が行われていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記表面処理が無機物でコートされたものであることを特徴とする請求項17記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記表面処理がコラーゲン、ラミニンなどの細胞外マトリクスでコートされたものであることを特徴とする請求項17または18記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記表面処理が合成物質でコートされたものであることを特徴とする請求項17乃至19のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記表面処理がプラズマ処理でコートされたものであることを特徴とする請求項17乃至20のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
- 前記表面処理が前記マイクロ容器底面に、細胞接着斑に相当する直径である1nmから、細胞1個に相当する直径である20μmの大きさの凹凸を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項17乃至21のいずれか一項に記載の多能性哺乳細胞を分化させる培養方法。
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