WO2011105494A1 - 研磨パッド - Google Patents
研磨パッド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011105494A1 WO2011105494A1 PCT/JP2011/054157 JP2011054157W WO2011105494A1 WO 2011105494 A1 WO2011105494 A1 WO 2011105494A1 JP 2011054157 W JP2011054157 W JP 2011054157W WO 2011105494 A1 WO2011105494 A1 WO 2011105494A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- polishing pad
- prepolymer
- isocyanate
- raw material
- Prior art date
Links
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- FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)CC)C=C1 FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
- C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/758—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing two or more cycloaliphatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
- C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
Definitions
- the present invention stabilizes flattening processing of optical materials such as lenses and reflecting mirrors, silicon wafers, glass substrates for hard disks, aluminum substrates, and materials that require high surface flatness such as general metal polishing processing,
- the present invention relates to a polishing pad that can be performed with high polishing efficiency.
- the polishing pad of the present invention is particularly suitable for a step of planarizing a silicon wafer and a device having an oxide layer, a metal layer, etc. formed thereon, before further laminating and forming these oxide layers and metal layers. Used for.
- a typical material that requires a high degree of surface flatness is a single crystal silicon disk called a silicon wafer for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC, LSI).
- Silicon wafers have a highly accurate surface in each process of stacking and forming oxide layers and metal layers in order to form reliable semiconductor junctions of various thin films used for circuit formation in IC, LSI, and other manufacturing processes. It is required to finish flat.
- a polishing pad is generally fixed to a rotatable support disk called a platen, and a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is fixed to a polishing head.
- a polishing operation is performed by generating a relative speed between the platen and the polishing head by both movements, and continuously supplying a polishing slurry containing abrasive grains onto the polishing pad.
- the polishing characteristics of the polishing pad are required to be excellent in the flatness (planarity) and in-plane uniformity of the material to be polished and have a high polishing rate.
- the flatness and in-plane uniformity of the material to be polished can be improved to some extent by increasing the elastic modulus of the polishing layer.
- the polishing rate can be improved by increasing the amount of slurry retained by using a foam containing bubbles.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polishing cloth used for flattening a material to be flattened having a level difference, and a polishing surface has a portion having a partially different surface hardness, and the surface hardness is partially Disclosed is an abrasive cloth characterized in that the different portions are formed by phase separation of the resin constituting the surface portion.
- Patent Document 2 is a polishing pad useful for flattening, and includes a polymer matrix having a glass transition temperature exceeding room temperature, in which an elastomeric polymer is dispersed, and the elastomeric polymer includes: Disclosed is a polishing pad having an average length of at least 0.1 ⁇ m in at least one direction, constituting 1 to 45% by volume of the polishing pad, and having a glass transition temperature below room temperature. ing.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a Cu film polishing polishing pad having a polishing layer made of a polyurethane resin foam for the purpose of suppressing the occurrence of scratches, the polyurethane resin foam comprising an isocyanate component and a high molecular weight polyol.
- a Cu film which is a reaction cured product of an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer containing a component as a raw material component and a chain extender, and the high molecular weight polyol component contains 30% by weight or more of a polyester polyol A polishing pad is disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polishing pad that has a polishing layer having a phase separation structure, has a high polishing rate, is excellent in flattening characteristics, and can suppress generation of scratches. Moreover, it aims at providing the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device using this polishing pad.
- the present invention provides a polishing pad having a polishing layer, wherein the polishing layer comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A) obtained by reacting a prepolymer raw material composition (a) containing an isocyanate component and a polyester polyol, isocyanate.
- An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B) obtained by reacting a prepolymer raw material composition (b) containing a component and a polyether-based polyol, and a reaction hardened body of a polyurethane raw material composition containing a chain extender;
- the reaction-cured body relates to a polishing pad having a phase separation structure.
- the present inventors paid attention to the property that the polyester-based polyol and the polyether-based polyol are not compatible with each other, and obtained by reacting the prepolymer raw material composition (a) containing the separately synthesized isocyanate component and the polyester-based polyol.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A) obtained and the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B) obtained by reacting the prepolymer raw material composition (b) containing the isocyanate component and the polyether polyol are used as raw materials, and these are chain-extended. It has been found that a reaction cured body having a macroscopic phase separation structure can be obtained by reacting with an agent and curing.
- polishing layer using the reaction cured product, a polishing pad having a high polishing rate, excellent planarization characteristics, and capable of suppressing the generation of scratches can be obtained.
- the polishing layer is well-polished by dressing (cutting) using a conditioner, and the polishing performance is thereby improved, resulting in a high polishing rate.
- the polishing layer as a whole has high hardness, and thus has excellent flattening characteristics. Since the polishing layer partially has a low hardness region due to phase separation, generation of scratches can be effectively suppressed.
- the phase separation structure has an island part and a sea part, and the average maximum length of the island part is preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the phase separation structure is a sea-island structure having an island part and a sea part, the above effect is further improved.
- the average maximum length of the islands is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, a phase separation structure close to a micro phase separation structure composed of hard segments and soft segments of a general polyurethane resin is obtained.
- the surface sharpness of the steel tends to decrease, and the effect of improving the polishing rate tends to be insufficient.
- the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the rigidity of the entire polishing layer is lowered, and thus the effect of improving the planarization property tends to be insufficient.
- the island part is formed of a reaction cured body mainly composed of an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A), and the sea part is formed of a reaction cured body mainly composed of an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B). It is preferable.
- the reaction-cured product containing the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A) as a main component is a reaction-cured product containing the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B) as a main component due to hydrolysis of the ester group of the polyester-based polyol that is a constituent component of the reaction-cured product. Rigidity tends to be lower than the body.
- the sea part that occupies a larger area than the island part is formed with a reaction hardened body mainly composed of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A), the rigidity of the entire polishing layer tends to be reduced during polishing, and the effect of improving the planarization characteristics Tend to be insufficient.
- the total weight of oxycarbonyl groups constituting the polyester-based polyol with respect to the total weight of the high molecular weight polyol contained in the prepolymer raw material compositions (a) and (b) is preferably 8 to 43% by weight.
- the content of the oxycarbonyl group is less than 8% by weight, it tends to be difficult to form a reaction cured body having a macroscopic phase separation structure.
- it exceeds 43% by weight not only is it difficult to form a reaction cured body having a macroscopic phase separation structure, but ester group hydrolysis is likely to occur, and the rigidity of the polishing layer is reduced, resulting in a flat surface. There is a tendency that the effect of improving the crystallization characteristics is insufficient.
- the polyester-based polyol is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene adipate glycol, polybutylene adipate glycol, and polyhexamethylene adipate glycol.
- the polyether polyol is preferably polytetramethylene ether glycol.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing method including a step of polishing a surface of a semiconductor wafer using the polishing pad.
- the polishing pad of the present invention has a polishing layer containing a polyurethane resin.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be only the polishing layer or a laminate of the polishing layer and another layer (for example, a cushion layer).
- Polyurethane resin is a particularly preferable material as a material for forming the polishing layer because it has excellent wear resistance and a polymer having desired physical properties can be easily obtained by variously changing the raw material composition.
- the polishing layer is a prepolymer raw material composition comprising an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A) obtained by reacting a prepolymer raw material composition (a) containing an isocyanate component and a polyester polyol, an isocyanate component and a polyether polyol ( It is formed by the reaction hardening body of the polyurethane raw material composition containing the isocyanate terminal prepolymer (B) obtained by reacting b), and a chain extender, and the said reaction hardening body has a phase-separation structure.
- isocyanate component a known compound in the field of polyurethane can be used without particular limitation.
- an isocyanate terminal prepolymer (A) it is preferable to use aromatic diisocyanate, and it is especially preferable to use toluene diisocyanate.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B) it is preferable to use an aromatic diisocyanate and an alicyclic diisocyanate in combination, and it is particularly preferable to use toluene diisocyanate and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate in combination.
- trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanates may be used.
- Polyester polyols include polyethylene adipate glycol, polypropylene adipate glycol, polybutylene adipate glycol, polyhexamethylene adipate glycol, and polyester polyol such as polycaprolactone polyol; polyester glycol such as polycaprolactone polyol and alkylene carbonate And a polyester polycarbonate polyol such as a product obtained by reacting an ethylene carbonate with a polyhydric alcohol and then reacting the obtained reaction mixture with an organic dicarboxylic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, it is preferable to use at least one polyester polyol selected from the group consisting of polyethylene adipate glycol, polybutylene adipate glycol, and polyhexamethylene adipate glycol.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyester polyol is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 5,000, more preferably 500 to 2,000 from the viewpoint of the phase separation structure and viscoelastic properties of the obtained polyurethane resin.
- the number average molecular weight is less than 200, it tends to be difficult to form a phase separation structure.
- the number average molecular weight exceeds 5000, the resulting polyurethane resin becomes soft and the flattening characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the polyester-based polyol As a high-molecular-weight polyol, but other known high-molecular-weight polyols (number-average molecular weight is within a range not impairing the object of the present invention). About 200 to 5000) may be added. However, when other high molecular weight polyols are used in combination, in order to form a macroscopic phase separation structure, the polyester-based polyol is a high molecular weight polyol contained in the prepolymer raw material compositions (a) and (b).
- the total weight of the oxycarbonyl groups constituting the polyester polyol is preferably 8 to 43% by weight based on the whole.
- Polyether polyols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG) and polyhexamethylene ether glycol (PHMG); 1,3-propanediol Reaction of diols such as 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, polypropylene glycol and / or polytetramethylene glycol with phosgene, diallyl carbonate (eg diphenyl carbonate) or cyclic carbonate (eg propylene carbonate)
- Examples include polyether polycarbonate polyols such as products. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, polytetramethylene ether glycol is preferably used.
- the number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 5000, more preferably 500 to 2000, from the viewpoint of the viscoelastic properties of the obtained polyurethane resin.
- the number average molecular weight is less than 200, the resulting polyurethane resin is hard and brittle, so that it is difficult to suppress the occurrence of scratches and the pad life tends to be shortened.
- the number average molecular weight exceeds 5000, the resulting polyurethane resin becomes soft and the flattening characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the prepolymer raw material composition (b) it is preferable to add only the polyether polyol as a high molecular weight polyol.
- the polyether polyol as a high molecular weight polyol.
- other known high molecular weight polyols are within the range not impairing the object of the present invention. In the order of 200 to 5000).
- low molecular weight components such as low molecular weight polyols, low molecular weight polyamines, and alcohol amines may be added.
- a low molecular weight component it is preferable to add to the prepolymer raw material composition (b).
- low molecular weight polyol examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3- Butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) Benzene, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, tetramethylolcyclohexane, methylglucoside, sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol, sucrose, 2,2,6,6-tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) Le) cyclohexanol, diethanolamine
- low molecular weight polyamine examples include ethylenediamine, tolylenediamine, diphenylmethanediamine, and diethylenetriamine. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol amine examples include monoethanolamine, 2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethanol, and monopropanolamine. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the low molecular weight component in the prepolymer raw material composition (b) is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined depending on the properties required for the polishing pad (polishing layer), but in the prepolymer raw material composition (b)
- the content is preferably 10 to 70 mol% based on the entire active hydrogen group-containing compound.
- the respective components are blended so that the total weight of oxycarbonyl groups constituting the polyester-based polyol is 8 to 43% by weight with respect to the total weight of the high molecular weight polyol contained in the prepolymer raw material compositions (a) and (b). It is preferable.
- a chain extender is used for curing the prepolymer.
- the chain extender is an organic compound having two or more active hydrogen groups, and examples of the active hydrogen group include a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a thiol group (SH).
- the ratio of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A), the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B), and the chain extender can be variously changed depending on the molecular weight of each, the desired physical properties of the polishing pad, and the like.
- the addition amount of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A) is preferably 15 to 570 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B).
- the number of isocyanate groups (NCO Index) of the prepolymer relative to the number of active hydrogen groups (hydroxyl group, amino group) of the chain extender is 0.8 to 1.2. Preferably, it is 0.99 to 1.15. When the number of isocyanate groups is outside the above range, curing failure occurs and the required specific gravity and hardness cannot be obtained, and the polishing characteristics tend to be deteriorated.
- Polyurethane resin (reaction cured body) can be produced by applying a known urethanization technique such as a melting method or a solution method, but is preferably produced by a melting method in consideration of cost, working environment and the like.
- the polyurethane resin of the present invention is produced by a prepolymer method.
- the polyurethane resin obtained by the prepolymer method is suitable because of its excellent physical properties.
- isocyanate-terminated prepolymers (A) and (B) having a molecular weight of about 300 to 5000 are preferable because of excellent processability and physical properties.
- the polyurethane resin of the present invention is produced by reaction-curing a polyurethane raw material composition containing an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A), an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B), and a chain extender.
- the polyurethane resin may be a foam or a non-foam.
- the polyurethane resin can be produced by batch-wise measuring each component, putting it in a container, and stirring it, or continuously feeding each component to the stirring device and stirring, and then sending out the mixed solution to produce a molded product. It may be a continuous production method.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers (A) and (B) are placed in a reaction vessel, and then a chain extender is added, stirred, and then poured into a casting of a predetermined size to produce a polyurethane resin block.
- the polishing layer may be manufactured by slicing using the above-mentioned method, or the polishing layer may be manufactured by processing into a thin sheet at the above-described casting stage.
- a polyurethane resin as a raw material may be dissolved and extruded from a T die to directly obtain a sheet-like polishing layer.
- Examples of methods for producing polyurethane foam include a method in which hollow beads are added, a mechanical foaming method (including a mechanical floss method), and a chemical foaming method.
- the mechanical foaming method using the silicon type surfactant which is a copolymer of polyalkylsiloxane and polyether is especially preferable.
- suitable silicon surfactants include SH-192 and L-5340 (manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone), B8443, B8465 (manufactured by Goldschmidt), and the like.
- the silicon-based surfactant is preferably added to the polyurethane raw material composition in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- stabilizers such as antioxidants, lubricants, pigments, fillers, antistatic agents, and other additives may be added.
- the manufacturing method of this polyurethane foam has the following processes. 1) Foaming step for producing a cell dispersion liquid A silicon-based surfactant is added to the first component containing the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers (A) and (B) so as to be 0.05 to 10% by weight in the polyurethane foam. Then, stirring is performed in the presence of a non-reactive gas, and the non-reactive gas is dispersed as fine bubbles to obtain a bubble dispersion. When the prepolymer is solid at normal temperature, it is preheated to an appropriate temperature and melted before use.
- non-reactive gas used to form the fine bubbles non-flammable gases are preferable, and specific examples include nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rare gases such as helium and argon, and mixed gases thereof. In view of cost, it is most preferable to use air that has been dried to remove moisture.
- a known stirring device can be used without particular limitation as a stirring device for dispersing non-reactive gas in the form of fine bubbles and dispersed in the first component containing the silicon-based surfactant.
- a shaft planetary mixer (planetary mixer) is exemplified.
- the shape of the stirring blade of the stirring device is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a whipper type stirring blade because fine bubbles can be obtained.
- the rotational speed of the stirring blade is preferably 500 to 2000 rpm, more preferably 800 to 1500 rpm.
- the stirring time is appropriately adjusted according to the target density.
- the stirring in the mixing step may not be stirring that forms bubbles, and it is preferable to use a stirring device that does not involve large bubbles.
- a planetary mixer is suitable. There is no problem even if the same stirring device is used as the stirring device for the foaming step and the mixing step, and it is also preferable to adjust the stirring conditions such as adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring blade as necessary. .
- the foam reaction solution may be poured into the mold and immediately put into a heating oven for post cure, and heat is not immediately transferred to the reaction components under such conditions, so the bubble size does not increase.
- the curing reaction is preferably performed at normal pressure because the bubble shape is stable.
- stimulates well-known polyurethane reactions such as a tertiary amine type
- the type and addition amount of the catalyst are selected in consideration of the flow time for pouring into a mold having a predetermined shape after the mixing step.
- the average cell diameter of the polyurethane foam is preferably 20 to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the Asker D hardness is preferably 35 to 65 degrees, more preferably 40 to 65 degrees.
- the Asker D hardness is preferably 45 to 75 degrees, more preferably 45 to 65 degrees.
- the specific gravity of the polyurethane foam is preferably 0.4 to 1.0.
- the polishing layer made of the polyurethane resin has a phase separation structure, and particularly preferably has a sea-island structure having an island part having an average maximum length of 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m and a sea part.
- the average maximum length of the islands is more preferably 20 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the surface shape of an island part is circular.
- the island part is formed of a reaction-cured body mainly composed of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (A), and the sea part is a reaction-cured body mainly composed of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (B). It is preferable that it is formed by.
- the polishing surface of the polishing pad (polishing layer) of the present invention that comes into contact with the material to be polished preferably has a concavo-convex structure for holding and updating the slurry.
- the polishing layer made of foam has many openings on the polishing surface and has the function of holding and updating the slurry.
- the slurry can be held and updated more efficiently. It can be performed well, and destruction of the material to be polished due to adsorption with the material to be polished can be prevented.
- the concavo-convex structure is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape that holds and renews the slurry.
- an XY lattice groove for example, an XY lattice groove, a concentric circular groove, a through hole, a non-penetrating hole, a polygonal column, a cylinder, a spiral groove, Examples include eccentric circular grooves, radial grooves, and combinations of these grooves.
- these uneven structures are generally regular, but in order to make the slurry retention and renewability desirable, the groove pitch, groove width, groove depth, etc. should be changed for each range. Is also possible.
- the method for producing the concavo-convex structure is not particularly limited.
- a method of machine cutting using a jig such as a tool of a predetermined size, pouring a resin into a mold having a predetermined surface shape, and curing.
- a method of producing a resin by pressing a method of producing using photolithography, a method of producing using a printing technique, a carbon dioxide laser, etc.
- Examples include a manufacturing method using laser light.
- the thickness of the polishing layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.8 to 4 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
- a method for producing the polishing layer having the above thickness a method in which the block of the fine foam is made to have a predetermined thickness using a band saw type or canna type slicer, a resin is poured into a mold having a cavity having a predetermined thickness, and curing is performed. And a method using a coating technique or a sheet forming technique.
- the thickness variation of the polishing layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness variation exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the polishing layer has a large waviness, and there are portions where the contact state with the material to be polished is different, which adversely affects the polishing characteristics.
- the surface of the polishing layer is dressed with a dresser in which diamond abrasive grains are electrodeposited and fused in the initial stage of polishing. As a result, the dressing time becomes longer and the production efficiency is lowered.
- a method for suppressing the variation in the thickness of the polishing layer there is a method of buffing the surface of the polishing sheet sliced to a predetermined thickness. Moreover, when buffing, it is preferable to carry out stepwise with abrasives having different particle sizes.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be a laminate of the polishing layer and a cushion sheet.
- the cushion sheet (cushion layer) supplements the characteristics of the polishing layer.
- the cushion sheet is necessary for achieving both planarity and uniformity in a trade-off relationship in CMP.
- Planarity refers to the flatness of a pattern portion when a material having fine irregularities generated during pattern formation is polished, and uniformity refers to the uniformity of the entire material to be polished.
- the planarity is improved by the characteristics of the polishing layer, and the uniformity is improved by the characteristics of the cushion sheet.
- cushion sheet examples include fiber nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric, nylon nonwoven fabric and acrylic nonwoven fabric, resin-impregnated nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric impregnated with polyurethane, polymer resin foams such as polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam, butadiene rubber, and isoprene.
- fiber nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric, nylon nonwoven fabric and acrylic nonwoven fabric
- resin-impregnated nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric impregnated with polyurethane
- polymer resin foams such as polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam
- butadiene rubber butadiene rubber
- isoprene examples include rubber resins such as rubber and photosensitive resins.
- Examples of means for attaching the polishing layer and the cushion sheet include a method of sandwiching and pressing the polishing layer and the cushion sheet with a double-sided tape.
- the double-sided tape has a general configuration in which adhesive layers are provided on both sides of a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or a film. In consideration of preventing the penetration of the slurry into the cushion sheet, it is preferable to use a film for the substrate.
- the composition of the adhesive layer include rubber adhesives and acrylic adhesives. Considering the content of metal ions, an acrylic adhesive is preferable because the metal ion content is low.
- the composition of each adhesive layer of the double-sided tape can be made different so that the adhesive force of each layer can be optimized.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be provided with a double-sided tape on the surface to be bonded to the platen.
- a double-sided tape a tape having a general configuration in which an adhesive layer is provided on both surfaces of a base material can be used as described above.
- a base material a nonwoven fabric, a film, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- a film for the substrate it is preferable to use a film for the substrate.
- the composition of the adhesive layer include rubber adhesives and acrylic adhesives. Considering the content of metal ions, an acrylic adhesive is preferable because the metal ion content is low.
- the semiconductor device is manufactured through a process of polishing the surface of the semiconductor wafer using the polishing pad.
- a semiconductor wafer is generally a laminate of a wiring metal and an oxide film on a silicon wafer.
- the method and apparatus for polishing the semiconductor wafer are not particularly limited.
- a polishing surface plate 2 that supports a polishing pad (polishing layer) 1 and a support table (polishing head) that supports the semiconductor wafer 4. 5 and a polishing apparatus equipped with a backing material for uniformly pressing the wafer and a supply mechanism of the abrasive 3.
- the polishing pad 1 is attached to the polishing surface plate 2 by attaching it with a double-sided tape, for example.
- the polishing surface plate 2 and the support base 5 are disposed so that the polishing pad 1 and the semiconductor wafer 4 supported on each of the polishing surface plate 2 and the support table 5 face each other, and are provided with rotating shafts 6 and 7 respectively. Further, a pressurizing mechanism for pressing the semiconductor wafer 4 against the polishing pad 1 is provided on the support base 5 side. In polishing, the semiconductor wafer 4 is pressed against the polishing pad 1 while rotating the polishing surface plate 2 and the support base 5, and polishing is performed while supplying slurry.
- the flow rate of the slurry, the polishing load, the polishing platen rotation speed, and the wafer rotation speed are not particularly limited and are appropriately adjusted.
- the protruding portion of the surface of the semiconductor wafer 4 is removed and polished flat. Thereafter, a semiconductor device is manufactured by dicing, bonding, packaging, or the like. The semiconductor device is used for an arithmetic processing device, a memory, and the like.
- Oxycarbonyl group content ⁇ (weight part of polyester polyol) ⁇ (weight ratio of oxycarbonyl group in repeating unit of polyester polyol) ⁇ 100 ⁇ / (prepolymer raw material composition (a) And (total part by weight of the high molecular weight polyol contained in (b))
- the produced polyurethane foam or non-foamed material was cut out (arbitrary size), and a smooth surface was cut out with a diamond knife using an ultramicrotome (Leica EM UC6, manufactured by Leica) in an environment of ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the produced polyurethane foam was cut as thin as possible to a thickness of 1 mm or less in parallel with a microtome cutter, and used as a sample for measuring the average cell diameter.
- the sample was fixed on a glass slide and observed at 100 times using SEM (S-3500N, Hitachi Science Systems, Ltd.).
- SEM S-3500N, Hitachi Science Systems, Ltd.
- the image analysis software WinRoof, Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.
- polishing characteristics were evaluated using the prepared polishing pad.
- the polishing rate was as follows: a thermal oxide film of 2000 mm, Ta100 mm, TaN100 mm, and Cu-seed 800 mm were deposited in this order on an 8-inch silicon wafer, and a Cu plating of 25000 mm was formed thereon and polished for 60 seconds. It was calculated from the polishing amount at this time. The average polishing rate was calculated from the polishing rates of the fourth, eighth, and twelfth sheets.
- a non-contact resistance measuring system (manufactured by Napson, Model-NC-80M) was used for measuring the film thickness of the Cu film.
- polishing conditions a slurry prepared by adding 1 wt% of hydrogen peroxide to a neutral slurry for Cu (manufactured by Fujimi Incorporated, PL7101) was added at a flow rate of 200 ml / min.
- the polishing load was 2 psi
- the polishing platen rotation speed was 70 rpm
- the wafer rotation speed was 70 rpm.
- the surface of the polishing pad was dressed for 30 minutes using a diamond abrasive disc (manufactured by Asahi Diamond Co., Ltd., M # 100).
- the dressing conditions were a disk load of 0.6 psi, a polishing surface plate rotation speed of 30 rpm, and a disk rotation speed of 15 rpm.
- the evaluation of the flattening characteristics was performed by polishing using the 8-inch pattern wafer (manufactured by SEMATECH, 854 pattern wafer) under the above-mentioned conditions to completely remove the Cu film.
- the scratch was evaluated by polishing the wafer under the above conditions and then cleaning the wafer with an alkaline cleaning solution (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., Jaspen) using a wafer cleaning device (MATZAB-8W2MC, manufactured by MAT).
- a wafer cleaning device MATZAB-8W2MC, manufactured by MAT.
- an inspection device surf scan SP1TBI, manufactured by KLA Tencor
- how many striations of 0.24 to 2.0 ⁇ m were measured on a Cu film in an EE (Edge Exclusion) 5 mm region.
- the mixed liquid was stirred for about 70 seconds, and then poured into a pan-shaped open mold (casting container). When the fluidity of the mixed solution disappeared, it was put in an oven and post-cured at 100 ° C. for 16 hours to obtain a polyurethane foam block.
- the polyurethane foam block heated to about 80 ° C. was sliced using a slicer (AGW) and VGW-125 to obtain a polyurethane foam sheet. Next, using a buffing machine (Amitech Co., Ltd.), the surface of the sheet was buffed to a thickness of 1.27 mm to obtain a sheet with an adjusted thickness accuracy.
- the buffed sheet is punched out with a diameter of 61 cm, and a concentric circle having a groove width of 0.25 mm, a groove pitch of 1.50 mm, and a groove depth of 0.40 mm on the surface using a groove processing machine (manufactured by Techno). Groove processing was performed to obtain a polishing layer.
- the polishing layer surface had a sea-island structure having an island part and a sea part, and the shape of the island part was circular.
- a double-sided tape manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., double tack tape
- the surface of the cushion sheet (Toray Industries, Inc., polyethylene foam, Torepef, thickness 0.8 mm) subjected to corona treatment was buffed and bonded to the double-sided tape using a laminator. Further, a double-sided tape was attached to the other surface of the cushion sheet using a laminator to prepare a polishing pad.
- Examples 2 to 11, Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 7 A polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2 were adopted.
- the polishing layers of Examples 2 to 11 had a sea-island structure having an island part and a sea part, and the shape of the island part was circular.
- the polishing layers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 7 did not have a phase separation structure.
- Example 12 Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers (A) and (B) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. 25 parts by weight of the prepolymer (A) and 75 parts by weight of the prepolymer (B) were mixed and defoamed with a planetary stirring deaerator. Thereafter, 20.4 weight of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) melted at 120 ° C. is added to the mixed solution (NCO Index: 1.1), mixed with a planetary stirring deaerator, and deaerated. Thus, a polyurethane raw material composition was prepared.
- the composition was poured into an open mold (casting container) having a length and width of 800 mm and a depth of 2.5 mm and post-cured at 100 ° C. for 16 hours to obtain a non-foamed polyurethane sheet.
- an open mold casting container
- the surface of the sheet was buffed to a thickness of 1.27 mm to obtain a sheet with an adjusted thickness accuracy.
- the buffed sheet is punched out with a diameter of 61 cm, and a concentric circle having a groove width of 0.25 mm, a groove pitch of 1.50 mm, and a groove depth of 0.40 mm on the surface using a groove processing machine (manufactured by Techno).
- the polishing layer surface had a sea-island structure having an island part and a sea part, and the shape of the island part was circular. Thereafter, a polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Comparative Examples 4-6 A polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the formulation shown in Table 2 was adopted. The polishing layers of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 did not have a phase separation structure.
- 4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate 1333 parts by weight of polyethylene adipate glycol having a number average molecular weight of 1000
- the polishing pad of the present invention is excellent in polishing rate and planarization characteristics, and generation of scratches on the wafer surface is suppressed.
- polishing pad polishing layer
- polishing surface plate Abrasive (slurry)
- Material to be polished semiconductor wafer
- Support base (polishing head) 6
- Rotating shaft Rotating shaft
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Abstract
Description
1)気泡分散液を作製する発泡工程
イソシアネート末端プレポリマー(A)及び(B)を含む第1成分にシリコン系界面活性剤をポリウレタン発泡体中に0.05~10重量%になるように添加し、非反応性気体の存在下で撹拌し、非反応性気体を微細気泡として分散させて気泡分散液とする。前記プレポリマーが常温で固体の場合には適宜の温度に予熱し、溶融して使用する。
2)硬化剤(鎖延長剤)混合工程
上記の気泡分散液に鎖延長剤を含む第2成分を添加、混合、撹拌して発泡反応液とする。
3)注型工程
上記の発泡反応液を金型に流し込む。
4)硬化工程
金型に流し込まれた発泡反応液を加熱し、反応硬化させる。
(数平均分子量の測定)
数平均分子量は、GPC(ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィ)にて測定し、標準ポリスチレンにより換算した。
GPC装置:島津製作所製、LC-10A
カラム:Polymer Laboratories社製、(PLgel、5μm、500Å)、(PLgel、5μm、100Å)、及び(PLgel、5μm、50Å)の3つのカラムを連結して使用
流量:1.0ml/min
濃度:1.0g/l
注入量:40μl
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
オキシカルボニル基の含有率は下記式により算出する。
オキシカルボニル基の含有率(重量%)={(ポリエステル系ポリオールの重量部)×(ポリエステル系ポリオールの繰り返し単位中のオキシカルボニル基の重量比)×100}/(プレポリマー原料組成物(a)及び(b)に含まれる高分子量ポリオールの全重量部)
作製したポリウレタン発泡体又は無発泡体を切り出し(大きさ任意)、-80℃の環境下において、ウルトラミクロトーム(ライカ社製、LEICA EM UC6)を用いて、ダイヤモンドナイフにて平滑面を切り出した。その後、走査型プローブ顕微鏡(島津製作所製、SPM-9500)及びカンチレバー(オリンパス社製、OMCL-AC200TS-R3、ばね定数:9N/m、共振周波数:150Hz)を用い、カンチレバーの走査速度1Hz、測定温度23℃の条件下で、粘弾性測定システムの位相検出モードにて当該平滑面(測定範囲:30μm×30μm)を測定した。得られた画像の濃淡範囲を2Vとした際に、濃淡により島部が明確に判断できる画像を画像解析ソフト(WinRoof、三谷商事(株))を用いて表示し、測定範囲30μm×30μmにおける島部10個の最大長さをそれぞれ測定し、それらの値から平均最大長さを算出した。
作製したポリウレタン発泡体を厚み1mm以下になるべく薄くミクロトームカッターで平行に切り出したものを平均気泡径測定用試料とした。試料をスライドガラス上に固定し、SEM(S-3500N、日立サイエンスシステムズ(株))を用いて100倍で観察した。得られた画像を画像解析ソフト(WinRoof、三谷商事(株))を用いて、任意範囲の全気泡径を測定し、平均気泡径(μm)を算出した。
JIS K6253-1997に準拠して行った。作製したポリウレタン発泡体又は無発泡体を2cm×2cm(厚み:任意)の大きさに切り出したものを硬度測定用試料とし、温度23℃±2℃、湿度50%±5%の環境で16時間静置した。測定時には、試料を重ね合わせ、厚み6mm以上とした。硬度計(高分子計器社製、アスカーD型硬度計)を用い、任意の10箇所における硬度を測定し、その平均値を求めた。
JIS Z8807-1976に準拠して行った。作製したポリウレタン発泡体又は無発泡体を4cm×8.5cmの短冊状(厚み:任意)に切り出したものを比重測定用試料とし、温度23℃±2℃、湿度50%±5%の環境で16時間静置した。測定には比重計(ザルトリウス社製)を用い、比重を測定した。
研磨装置としてSPP600S(岡本工作機械社製)を用い、作製した研磨パッドを用いて、研磨特性の評価を行った。研磨速度は、8インチのシリコンウエハ上に熱酸化膜2000Å、Ta100Å、TaN100Å、及びCu-seed800Åをこの順で堆積させ、その上にCuメッキ25000Åを製膜したものを1枚につき60秒研磨し、このときの研磨量から算出した。平均研磨速度は4枚目、8枚目、及び12枚目の研磨速度から算出した。Cu膜の膜厚測定には、非接触抵抗測定システム(ナプソン社製、Model-NC-80M)を用いた。研磨条件としては、スラリーとして、Cu用中性スラリー(フジミインコーポレット社製、PL7101)に過酸化水素を1重量%添加したものを研磨中に流量200ml/minにて添加した。研磨荷重としては2psi、研磨定盤回転数70rpm、ウエハ回転数70rpmとした。なお、研磨前に、ダイヤモンド砥粒ディスク(旭ダイヤ社製、M#100)を用いて研磨パッド表面を30分間ドレス処理した。ドレス処理条件は、ディスク荷重0.6psi、研磨定盤回転数30rpm、ディスク回転数15rpmとした。
容器にトルエンジイソシアネート(2,4-体/2,6-体=80/20の混合物)934重量部、数平均分子量1000のポリエチレンアジペートグリコール2666重量部を入れ、70℃で4時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(A)を得た。
容器にトルエンジイソシアネート(2,4-体/2,6-体=80/20の混合物)1229重量部、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート272重量部、数平均分子量1000のポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール1901重量部、ジエチレングリコール198重量部を入れ、70℃で4時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(B)を得た。
前記プレポリマー(A)15重量部、前記プレポリマー(B)85重量部、及びシリコン系界面活性剤(ゴールドシュミット社製、B8465)3重量部を重合容器内に加えて混合し、70℃に調整して減圧脱泡した。その後、撹拌翼を用いて、回転数900rpmで反応系内に気泡を取り込むように激しく約4分間撹拌を行った。そこへ予め120℃に溶融した4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)25.1重量部を添加した(NCO Index:1.1)。該混合液を約70秒間撹拌した後、パン型のオープンモールド(注型容器)へ流し込んだ。この混合液の流動性がなくなった時点でオーブン内に入れ、100℃で16時間ポストキュアを行い、ポリウレタン発泡体ブロックを得た。
約80℃に加熱した前記ポリウレタン発泡体ブロックをスライサー(アミテック社製、VGW-125)を使用してスライスし、ポリウレタン発泡体シートを得た。次に、バフ機(アミテック社製)を使用して、厚さ1.27mmになるまで該シートの表面バフ処理をし、厚み精度を整えたシートとした。このバフ処理をしたシートを直径61cmの大きさで打ち抜き、溝加工機(テクノ社製)を用いて表面に溝幅0.25mm、溝ピッチ1.50mm、溝深さ0.40mmの同心円状の溝加工を行い研磨層を得た。研磨層表面は、島部と海部とを有する海島構造であり、島部の形状は円形であった。この研磨層の溝加工面と反対側の面にラミ機を使用して、両面テープ(積水化学工業社製、ダブルタックテープ)を貼りつけた。更に、コロナ処理をしたクッションシート(東レ社製、ポリエチレンフォーム、トーレペフ、厚み0.8mm)の表面をバフ処理し、それを前記両面テープにラミ機を使用して貼り合わせた。さらに、クッションシートの他面にラミ機を使用して両面テープを貼り合わせて研磨パッドを作製した。
表1及び2に記載の配合を採用した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。実施例2~11の研磨層は島部と海部とを有する海島構造であり、島部の形状は円形であった。比較例1~3、7の研磨層は相分離構造を有していなかった。
実施例1と同様の方法でイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(A)及び(B)を得た。前記プレポリマー(A)25重量部、及び前記プレポリマー(B)75重量部を遊星式撹拌脱泡装置で混合し、脱泡した。その後、120℃に溶融した4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)20.4重量を混合液に加え(NCO Index:1.1)、遊星式撹拌脱泡装置で混合し、脱泡してポリウレタン原料組成物を調製した。該組成物を縦横800mm、深さ2.5mmのオープンモールド(注型容器)に流し込み、100℃で16時間ポストキュアを行い、無発泡ポリウレタンシートを得た。次に、バフ機(アミテック社製)を使用して、厚さ1.27mmになるまで該シートの表面バフ処理をし、厚み精度を整えたシートとした。このバフ処理をしたシートを直径61cmの大きさで打ち抜き、溝加工機(テクノ社製)を用いて表面に溝幅0.25mm、溝ピッチ1.50mm、溝深さ0.40mmの同心円状の溝加工を行い研磨層を得た。研磨層表面は、島部と海部とを有する海島構造であり、島部の形状は円形であった。その後、実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
表2に記載の配合を採用した以外は実施例12と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。比較例4~6の研磨層は相分離構造を有していなかった。
容器にトルエンジイソシアネート(2,4-体/2,6-体=80/20の混合物)1081重量部、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート136重量部、数平均分子量1000のポリエチレンアジペートグリコール1333重量部、数平均分子量1000のポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール950重量部、ジエチレングリコール99重量部を入れ、70℃で4時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(C)を得た。
前記プレポリマー(C)100重量部、及びシリコン系界面活性剤(ゴールドシュミット社製、B8465)3重量部を重合容器内に加えて混合し、70℃に調整して減圧脱泡した。その後、撹拌翼を用いて、回転数900rpmで反応系内に気泡を取り込むように激しく約4分間撹拌を行った。そこへ予め120℃に溶融した4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)25.1重量部を添加した(NCO Index:1.1)。該混合液を約70秒間撹拌した後、パン型のオープンモールド(注型容器)へ流し込んだ。この混合液の流動性がなくなった時点でオーブン内に入れ、100℃で16時間ポストキュアを行い、ポリウレタン発泡体ブロックを得た。その後、実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。研磨層は相分離構造を有していなかった。
2:研磨定盤
3:研磨剤(スラリー)
4:被研磨材(半導体ウエハ)
5:支持台(ポリシングヘッド)
6、7:回転軸
Claims (6)
- 研磨層を有する研磨パッドにおいて、前記研磨層は、イソシアネート成分及びポリエステル系ポリオールを含むプレポリマー原料組成物(a)を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(A)、イソシアネート成分及びポリエーテル系ポリオールを含むプレポリマー原料組成物(b)を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマー(B)、及び鎖延長剤を含むポリウレタン原料組成物の反応硬化体により形成されており、前記反応硬化体は相分離構造を有することを特徴とする研磨パッド。
- 相分離構造は、島部と海部を有しており、島部の平均最大長さが0.5~100μmである請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- プレポリマー原料組成物(a)及び(b)に含まれる高分子量ポリオール全重量に対するポリエステル系ポリオールを構成するオキシカルボニル基の全重量が8~43重量%である請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- ポリエステル系ポリオールは、ポリエチレンアジペートグリコール、ポリブチレンアジペートグリコール、及びポリヘキサメチレンアジペートグリコールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- ポリエーテル系ポリオールは、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコールである請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- 請求項1記載の研磨パッドを用いて半導体ウエハの表面を研磨する工程を含む半導体デバイスの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
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US13/579,527 US8939818B2 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-24 | Polishing pad |
CN201180004980.7A CN102655983B (zh) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-24 | 研磨垫 |
SG2012063368A SG183504A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-24 | Polishing pad |
KR1020127012315A KR101475770B1 (ko) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-24 | 연마 패드 |
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JP2010-040696 | 2010-02-25 | ||
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JP2011021994A JP5634903B2 (ja) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-03 | 研磨パッド |
JP2011-021994 | 2011-02-03 |
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US (1) | US8939818B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5634903B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101475770B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102655983B (ja) |
SG (1) | SG183504A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI450794B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011105494A1 (ja) |
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US8551201B2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2013-10-08 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Polyurethane composition for CMP pads and method of manufacturing same |
JP5661130B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2015-01-28 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 研磨パッド |
JP6067481B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-23 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 研磨パッド、研磨方法、および研磨パッドの製造方法 |
US9102034B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2015-08-11 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings, Inc. | Method of chemical mechanical polishing a substrate |
JP6341758B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨パッド |
WO2017056903A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | Dic株式会社 | ポリウレタンエラストマーの製造方法 |
CN107457716B (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-11-22 | 湖北鼎龙控股股份有限公司 | 化学机械抛光垫的抛光层 |
JP7442275B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2024-03-04 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド |
JP2022153966A (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-13 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及び研磨パッドの製造方法 |
CN115594823A (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-13 | 中环领先半导体材料有限公司(Cn) | 一种notch抛光垫的新型配方 |
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-
2011
- 2011-02-03 JP JP2011021994A patent/JP5634903B2/ja active Active
- 2011-02-24 WO PCT/JP2011/054157 patent/WO2011105494A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-02-24 CN CN201180004980.7A patent/CN102655983B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-24 KR KR1020127012315A patent/KR101475770B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-02-24 US US13/579,527 patent/US8939818B2/en active Active
- 2011-02-24 SG SG2012063368A patent/SG183504A1/en unknown
- 2011-02-25 TW TW100106430A patent/TWI450794B/zh active
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CN102655983A (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
KR101475770B1 (ko) | 2014-12-23 |
US8939818B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
JP5634903B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
JP2011194563A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
TW201139052A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
US20120309270A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
SG183504A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
KR20120082445A (ko) | 2012-07-23 |
CN102655983B (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
TWI450794B (zh) | 2014-09-01 |
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