WO2011104827A1 - 空気調和システム及び空気調和システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
空気調和システム及び空気調和システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011104827A1 WO2011104827A1 PCT/JP2010/052811 JP2010052811W WO2011104827A1 WO 2011104827 A1 WO2011104827 A1 WO 2011104827A1 JP 2010052811 W JP2010052811 W JP 2010052811W WO 2011104827 A1 WO2011104827 A1 WO 2011104827A1
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- temperature
- indoor
- difference
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- conditioning system
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 94
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioning system in which a heat source device and an indoor heat exchanger are connected by a fluid circuit through which a fluid such as water flows.
- the present invention relates to a control technique for controlling the temperature of a fluid based on a predetermined index in the air conditioning system.
- this air conditioning system in which warm water or cold water is generated by a heat source device such as a heat pump device, and the generated hot water or cold water is sent to an indoor heat exchanger to heat or cool the room.
- this air conditioning system has an air conditioning load such that, for example, warm water of 35 ° C. is supplied to an indoor heat exchanger during heating, and cold water of 16 ° C. is supplied to an indoor heat exchanger during cooling.
- the water temperature is kept constant.
- the heat source device is stopped when the room temperature reaches the set value, or the water supply to the indoor heat exchanger is stopped by controlling the three-way valve, etc. Control is performed. Therefore, the heating operation and the cooling operation are intermittently performed, and the user's comfort is impaired, and the operation efficiency is lowered.
- an air conditioning system having a function of setting a target temperature of water supplied by a heat source device according to an expected outside air temperature when an installer installs an air conditioning system.
- This air conditioning system is effective when the set target temperature is suitable for the air conditioning load.
- the target temperature may be low with respect to the air conditioning load, or the target water temperature may be high with respect to the air conditioning load. In this case, driving with insufficient capability or driving with excessive capability is performed, so that the user's comfort is impaired and driving efficiency is lowered.
- Patent Document 1 also describes a control method for resetting the target temperature of water supplied by the heat source device based on the deviation between the target indoor temperature set by the user and the current indoor temperature. In Patent Document 1, this control method is intended to achieve high driving efficiency without impairing comfort.
- the target temperature of water when the target temperature of water is set only by the difference between the set temperature and the room temperature as in the control method described in Patent Document 1, the target temperature may not be set appropriately. In other words, a higher temperature than the appropriate target temperature may be set as the target temperature, or a lower temperature may be set as the target temperature. For this reason, the room temperature becomes too high with respect to the set temperature, or the room temperature becomes too low with respect to the set temperature, so that the user's comfort is impaired and the driving efficiency is lowered.
- An object of this invention is to implement
- An air conditioning system is, for example, An air conditioning system comprising: a heat source device that heats or cools a fluid; and an indoor heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the fluid heated or cooled by the heat source device and room air; An indoor temperature measuring unit for measuring an indoor temperature that is the temperature of the indoor air; An outside temperature measuring unit for measuring outside temperature, The target of the fluid supplied from the heat source device to the indoor heat exchanger increases as the indoor / outdoor temperature difference that is the difference between the indoor temperature measured by the indoor temperature measuring unit and the outdoor air temperature measured by the outdoor air temperature measuring unit increases.
- a target temperature determining unit that determines the target temperature so that the rate of change in temperature is small; And a control unit that controls the heat source device according to the target temperature determined by the target temperature determination unit.
- the air conditioning system determines the target temperature so that the target temperature of the fluid decreases as the indoor / outdoor temperature difference increases. Thereby, the target water temperature is appropriately set, and high operating efficiency can be realized without impairing comfort.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioning system 1.
- FIG. Explanatory drawing of Formula conversion to Formula 6 of the target outflow temperature Twom at the time of heating operation.
- the flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the air conditioning system.
- FIG. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an air conditioning system 1.
- the air conditioning system 1 includes an outdoor unit 2 that is a heat source device including a refrigerant circuit 4 and an indoor unit 3 including an indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the outdoor unit 2 is installed outdoors, and the indoor unit 3 is installed indoors.
- the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by a water circuit 10.
- the water circuit 10 is a circuit in which water is circulated by the water pump 11.
- the refrigerant circuit 4 is a circuit in which a compressor 5, a four-way valve 6, an outdoor heat exchanger 7, an expansion mechanism 8, and an intermediate heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected by a pipe and formed in an annular shape so that the refrigerant circulates. It is.
- the water circuit 10 is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger 9 connected to the refrigerant circuit 4. Therefore, the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4 and the water circulating in the water circuit 10 are heat-exchanged by the intermediate heat exchanger 9.
- the compressor 5 is, for example, a hermetic compressor.
- the compressor 5 can change a rotational speed with an inverter. By changing the rotational speed, the compressor 5 adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4 and changes the heat exchange amount in the intermediate heat exchanger 9. By changing the amount of heat exchange in the intermediate heat exchanger 9, the temperature of the water flowing out of the outdoor unit 2 changes.
- the four-way valve 6 is a switching device that switches the flow direction of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4.
- the air conditioning system 1 does not need to switch the refrigerant flow, for example, for cooling only, it is not necessary to switch the refrigerant flow direction. Therefore, in this case, the four-way valve 6 is not necessary.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is, for example, a fin-and-tube heat exchanger that uses air (outside air) as a heat source. Heat is exchanged between the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4 and the outside air by the outdoor heat exchanger 7. In the case where the outdoor heat exchanger 7 is a fin-and-tube heat exchanger, heat exchange in the outdoor heat exchanger 7 can be promoted by providing the outdoor unit 2 with an outdoor fan.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 7 may be a heat exchanger that is buried in the ground and uses geothermal heat as a heat source. Geothermal heat is a stable heat source throughout the year.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 7 may be a plate heat exchanger. In this case, water, antifreeze or the like is used as a heat source.
- the expansion mechanism 8 is a mechanism whose opening degree is variable, for example.
- the expansion mechanism 8 is adjusted so that the degree of supercooling at the outlet of the condenser or the degree of superheat at the outlet of the evaporator is as small as possible so that the outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the intermediate heat exchanger 9 can be used effectively.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant is adjusted.
- the expansion mechanism 8 may be configured by arranging a plurality of throttle devices having a fixed opening, such as a capillary, in parallel.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 9 is, for example, a plate heat exchanger. As described above, the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4 and the water circulating in the water circuit 10 are heat-exchanged by the intermediate heat exchanger 9. Thereby, the intermediate heat exchanger 9 heats the water circulating in the water circuit 10 to generate hot water, or cools the water circulating in the water circuit 10 to generate cold water. Then, the intermediate heat exchanger 9 supplies the generated hot water or cold water to the water circuit 10. Further, as the intermediate heat exchanger 9, a double pipe type or a full liquid type heat exchanger may be used.
- the water pump 11 supplies water to the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 by circulating water.
- the water pump 11 is a pump whose rotation speed can be changed by an inverter or the like. By changing the rotation speed, the flow rate of the water circulating in the water circuit 10 can be changed.
- the water pump 11 may be configured by combining a pump having a constant rotation speed and a capacity control valve whose opening degree can be changed. In this case, the flow rate of the water circulating through the water circuit 10 can be changed by adjusting the opening of the capacity control valve.
- the water pump 11 may be a pump having a constant rotation speed.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 is, for example, a radiator.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 performs heat exchange between the water circulating in the water circuit 10 and the room air, and heats or cools the room air.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 is not limited to a radiator, and may be a fan coil unit, a floor heating panel, or the like.
- the outdoor unit 2 includes an outdoor temperature detector 21 (outside air temperature detector), an inlet water temperature detector 22 (front temperature detector), and an outlet water temperature detector 23 (rear temperature detector).
- the outdoor temperature detector 21 detects an outdoor temperature that is an outdoor temperature.
- the inlet water temperature detector 22 detects the temperature of water flowing through the water circuit 10 and flowing into the outdoor unit 2. That is, the inlet water temperature detector 22 detects the temperature of the water flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 9.
- the outlet water temperature detector 23 detects the temperature of water flowing through the water circuit 10 and flowing out of the outdoor unit 2. That is, the outlet water temperature detector 23 detects the temperature of the water flowing out from the intermediate heat exchanger 9.
- the indoor unit 3 includes an indoor temperature detector 24 (indoor temperature detection unit).
- the room temperature detector 24 detects the room temperature.
- the air conditioning system 1 includes a set temperature determination device 31 (target temperature determination unit) and a control device 32 (control unit).
- the set temperature determination device 31 determines a target temperature of water flowing out of the outdoor unit 2 based on the temperatures detected by the outdoor temperature detector 21, the inlet water temperature detector 22, the outlet water temperature detector 23, and the indoor temperature detector 24. .
- the control device 32 issues a command to the compressor 5 in accordance with the target temperature determined by the set temperature determining device 31, controls the rotational speed of the compressor 5, and the temperature of water flowing out of the outdoor unit 2 is the target temperature. To be.
- the control device 32 controls the expansion mechanism 8 to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 4.
- control device 32 controls the water pump 11 to adjust the flow rate of water circulating in the water circuit 10.
- the set temperature determining device 31 and the control device 32 are computers such as a microcomputer. In FIG. 1, the set temperature determining device 31 and the control device 32 are illustrated as separate computers, but the set temperature determining device 31 and the control device 32 may be realized by a single computer.
- the set temperature determining device 31 determines a target outflow temperature that is a target temperature of water flowing out of the outdoor unit 2.
- the set temperature determination device 31 is based on the relationship between the heat balance between the heat exchange amount Qw of the intermediate heat exchanger 9, which is the capacity of the outdoor unit 2, and the indoor load represented by the heat exchange amount Qio between the indoor air and the outside air.
- the target outflow temperature for bringing the room temperature to the set temperature set by the user of the air conditioning system 1 is determined.
- the current indoor load that is, the heat exchange amount Qio between the indoor air and the outside air is expressed by Equation 2 from the heat exchange performance AKio of the building, the indoor temperature Tai that is the temperature of the indoor air, and the outdoor temperature Tao that is the outdoor temperature.
- the building heat exchange performance AKio is the product of the heat exchange area A between room air and outside air and the heat transfer rate Kio representing the heat transfer performance between room air and outside air.
- C1 can be expressed as follows from Equation 3.
- C1 (Two-Twi) / (Tai-Tao)
- C1 can be expressed as follows from Equation 4.
- C1 (Twom-Twi) / (Taim-Tao) Therefore, the following equation is obtained from these two equations.
- (Two-Twi) / (Tai-Tao) (Two-Twi) / (Taim-Tao)
- Equation 6 By transforming Equation 5 as shown in FIG. 2, Equation 6 can be obtained.
- ⁇ Formula 6> Two Two + ((Two-Twi) / (Tai-Tao)) ⁇ (Taim-Tai)
- Expression 3 ′ corresponding to Expression 3 and Expression 4 ′ corresponding to Expression 4 are as follows.
- ⁇ Formula 3 '> (Twi-Two) C1 ⁇ (Tao-Tai)
- ⁇ Formula 4 '> (Twi-Twom) C1 ⁇ (Tao-Taim)
- Equation 5 ′ corresponding to Equation 5 is as follows.
- ⁇ Formula 5 '> (Twi-Twom) / (Twi-Two) (Tao-Taim) / (Tao-Tai)
- Expression 6 ′ corresponding to Expression 6 can be obtained.
- ⁇ Formula 6 '> Two Two + ((Two ⁇ Twi) / (Tao ⁇ Tai)) ⁇ (Tai ⁇ Taim)
- Equation 6 Two in Equation 6 representing the target outflow temperature Twom during the heating operation is the current outflow temperature.
- (Tai ⁇ Tao) in Equation 6 represents an indoor / outdoor temperature difference which is a difference between the indoor temperature Tai and the outdoor temperature Tao.
- (Two ⁇ Twi) in Equation 6 represents an inlet / outlet temperature difference (front / rear temperature difference) that is a difference between the outflow temperature Two and the inflow temperature Twi.
- (Taim ⁇ Tai) in Equation 6 represents a set temperature difference which is a difference between the target indoor temperature Taim (set temperature) and the indoor temperature Tai (current indoor temperature).
- Two in Equation 6 ′ representing the target outflow temperature Twom during the cooling operation is the current outflow temperature.
- (Tao ⁇ Tai) in Expression 6 represents an indoor / outdoor temperature difference which is a difference between the outdoor temperature Tao and the indoor temperature Tai.
- (Two ⁇ Twi) in Equation 6 represents an inlet / outlet temperature difference (front / rear temperature difference) that is a difference between the outflow temperature Two and the inflow temperature Twi.
- (Tai ⁇ Taim) in Expression 6 represents a set temperature difference that is a difference between the target indoor temperature Taim (set temperature) and the indoor temperature Tai (current indoor temperature). Therefore, both Expression 6 and Expression 6 ′ can be expressed as Expression 7.
- ⁇ Formula 7> Target outflow temperature current outflow temperature + ((inlet / outlet temperature difference / indoor / outdoor temperature difference) x set temperature difference)
- the set temperature determination device 31 calculates a target outflow temperature (target temperature) based on Expression 7. As can be seen from Equation 7, the set temperature determination device 31 determines the target outflow temperature in inverse proportion to the indoor / outdoor temperature difference. That is, the set temperature determining device 31 sets the target outflow temperature so that the change rate of the target outflow temperature decreases as the indoor / outdoor temperature difference increases, and the change rate of the target outflow temperature increases as the indoor / outdoor temperature difference decreases. To decide. Further, as can be seen from Equation 7, the set temperature determining device 31 determines the target outflow temperature in proportion to the inlet / outlet temperature difference.
- the set temperature determination device 31 determines the target outflow temperature so that the rate of change of the target outflow temperature increases as the inlet / outlet temperature difference increases, and the rate of change of the target outflow temperature decreases as the entrance / exit temperature difference decreases. To do. Further, as can be seen from Equation 7, the set temperature determining device 31 determines the target outflow temperature in proportion to the set temperature difference. That is, the set temperature determining device 31 determines the target outflow temperature so that the change rate of the target outflow temperature increases as the set temperature difference increases, and the change rate of the target outflow temperature decreases as the set temperature difference decreases. To do.
- the set temperature determining device 31 adds the correction value 1 calculated from “(entrance / outlet temperature difference / indoor / outdoor temperature difference) ⁇ set temperature difference” to the current outflow temperature to obtain the target outflow temperature.
- the set temperature determining device 31 calculates a correction value 1 from “((entrance / outlet temperature difference / indoor / outdoor temperature difference) ⁇ set temperature difference) ⁇ K1” using a relaxation coefficient K1 which is a value smaller than 1. May be.
- a relaxation coefficient K1 which is a value smaller than 1. May be.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process flow of the air conditioning system 1.
- the set temperature determination device 31 determines whether the air conditioning system 1 is in a heating operation or a cooling operation when the operation is started. If it is heating operation, Formula 6 memorize
- the set temperature determining device 31 determines whether the room temperature is equal to the set temperature. If the difference between the room temperature and the set temperature is within a predetermined range, the set temperature determination device 31 determines that the room temperature and the set temperature are equal. When the room temperature is equal to the set temperature, the set temperature determination device 31 does not change the target outflow temperature, and determines again whether the room temperature is equal to the set temperature after a predetermined time has elapsed. On the other hand, when the room temperature and the set temperature are different, the set temperature determining device 31 advances the process to (S3).
- the set temperature determining device 31 calculates the target outflow temperature based on the equation read in (S1).
- the control device 32 controls the outdoor unit 2 according to the target outflow temperature calculated in (S3). For example, the control device 32 changes the rotation speed of the compressor 5 according to the target outflow temperature, and changes the heat exchange amount Qw in the intermediate heat exchanger 9.
- the correction value 1 is normally a positive value.
- the target outflow temperature is higher than the current outflow temperature.
- the control device 32 increases the rotational speed of the compressor 5 and increases the heat exchange amount Qw in the intermediate heat exchanger 9. Thereby, the heating to the water in the intermediate heat exchanger 9 is promoted, and the temperature of the water flowing out from the outdoor unit 2 is increased.
- the control device 32 decreases the rotation speed of the compressor 5 and decreases the heat exchange amount Qw in the intermediate heat exchanger 9. Thereby, the heating to the water in the intermediate heat exchanger 9 is suppressed, and the temperature of the water flowing out from the outdoor unit 2 is lowered.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the influence of the indoor / outdoor temperature difference in the calculation of the target outflow temperature.
- the horizontal axis indicates the outside air temperature
- the vertical axis indicates the capacity of the outdoor unit 2.
- the room temperature is 18 ° C.
- the set temperature is 20 ° C.
- the target outflow temperature is affected when the outside air temperature is 0 ° C. and when it is 10 ° C.
- the outdoor unit 2 When the outside air temperature is 0 ° C., the outdoor unit 2 needs to have a higher capacity than the outside air temperature of 10 ° C. in order to set the room temperature to 20 ° C., which is the set temperature. Similarly, when the outside air temperature is 0 ° C., the outdoor unit 2 needs to have a higher capability than the outside air temperature of 10 ° C. in order to set the room temperature to the current room temperature of 18 ° C. Regarding the ratio of the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 required to set the indoor temperature to the set temperature of 20 ° C. and the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 required to set the indoor temperature to the current indoor temperature of 18 ° C. The case where the temperature is 0 ° C. and the case where the outside temperature is 10 ° C.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the indoor / outdoor temperature difference and the change rate of the target outflow temperature.
- the change rate of the target outflow temperature is smaller than when the outside air temperature is 10 ° C.
- the set temperature difference which is the difference between the set temperature and the room temperature
- the indoor / outdoor temperature difference is large, the rate of change of the target outflow temperature is small, and if the indoor / outdoor temperature difference is small, the target outflow temperature The rate of change is large.
- the influence of the inlet / outlet temperature difference in the calculation of the target outflow temperature will be described using a heating operation as an example. Here, it will be described how the target outflow temperature is affected when the inflow temperature is 30 ° C. and when the outflow temperature is 40 ° C. or 35 ° C.
- the change rate of the target outlet temperature is larger when the inlet / outlet temperature difference is larger than when the inlet / outlet temperature difference is small. That is, even if the set temperature difference, which is the difference between the set temperature and the room temperature, is the same, if the inlet / outlet temperature difference is large, the rate of change of the target outlet temperature is large, and if the inlet / outlet temperature difference is small, the rate of change of the target outlet temperature Is small.
- the inlet / outlet temperature difference indicates the capacity of the outdoor unit 2. That is, the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 is higher as the inlet / outlet temperature difference is larger, and the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 is lower as the inlet / outlet temperature difference is smaller. Therefore, even if the set temperature difference, which is the difference between the set temperature and the indoor temperature, is the same, when the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 is high, the rate of change of the target outflow temperature is large, and when the capacity of the outdoor unit 2 is low, the target outflow It can also be said that the rate of change in temperature is small.
- the air conditioning system 1 determines the target outflow temperature based on not only the set temperature difference but also the indoor / outdoor temperature difference and the inlet / outlet temperature difference. Therefore, an appropriate target outflow temperature can be set, and control with high driving efficiency can be performed without impairing user comfort.
- the set temperature determination device 31 may change the time interval until a new target outflow temperature is set according to the heat capacity of the building. For example, when the building heat capacity is large and the indoor temperature change is slow, the set temperature determination device 31 lengthens the time interval until a new target outflow temperature is set.
- the target outflow temperature can be changed while the room temperature is changing, and the outflow temperature can be prevented from becoming higher (or lower) than necessary. As a result, the room temperature can be prevented from becoming higher (or lower) than the set temperature.
- the temperature detected by the room temperature detector 24 at a predetermined interval may be stored in a storage device, and the heat capacity of the building may be measured from the temperature change width of the room temperature and the current room temperature.
- the control device 32 may change the flow rate of the water pump 11 in proportion to the electric power used in the outdoor unit 2. That is, the power used by the water pump 11 relative to the power used by the entire air conditioning system 1 may be constant. Thereby, driving efficiency improves.
- the air conditioning system 1 having only one indoor unit 3 has been described.
- the air conditioning system 1 includes a plurality of indoor units 3 and each indoor unit 3 is installed in a different room.
- the set temperature determination device 31 uses the temperature of the representative room as the room temperature.
- the representative room may be, for example, a room having the largest set temperature difference, which is a difference between the set temperature and the room temperature, or a room in which the predetermined indoor unit 3 is set as the master unit and the master unit is installed. May be.
- Embodiment 2 a method for preventing the target outflow temperature from being set higher (or lower) than necessary and the room temperature from becoming higher (or lower) than the set temperature will be described. In the second embodiment, only portions different from the first embodiment will be described.
- the set temperature determining device 31 calculates the target outflow temperature by adding the correction value 1 to the current outflow temperature.
- a correction value 2 is newly defined. Then, the set temperature determining device 31 calculates the target outflow temperature by adding the correction value 1 and the correction value 2 to the current outflow temperature.
- the correction value 2 is a value that is corrected so as to prevent the target outflow temperature from being set higher (or lower) than necessary so that the room temperature does not become higher (or lower) than the set temperature. .
- the correction value 2 in the case of the heating operation is expressed as Expression 11 using an expected arrival temperature Tai ( ⁇ ) that is a temperature at which the room temperature is expected to reach after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- Correction value 2 ((Two ⁇ Twi) / (Tai ( ⁇ ) ⁇ Tao)) ⁇ (Taim ⁇ Tai ( ⁇ ))
- the correction value 1 uses the indoor / outdoor temperature difference that is the difference between the current room temperature and the outside air temperature, whereas the correction value 2 uses the predicted temperature reached after a predetermined time, The point is to use an expected internal / external temperature difference that is the difference from the outside air temperature.
- the second point is that the correction value 1 uses a set temperature difference that is the difference between the current room temperature and the set temperature, whereas the correction value 2 uses the expected temperature reached after a predetermined time and the set temperature. It is a point using an expected set temperature difference which is a difference with temperature.
- the correction value 1 is “(entrance / outlet temperature difference / indoor / outdoor temperature difference) ⁇ set temperature difference”
- the correction value 2 is “(entrance / outlet temperature difference / expected inside / outside temperature difference) ⁇ expected set temperature difference”. It is. It has been described that the correction value 1 may be “((entrance / outlet temperature difference / indoor / outdoor temperature difference) ⁇ set temperature difference) ⁇ K1” using the relaxation coefficient K1.
- the correction value 2 may be “((entrance / outlet temperature difference / predicted internal / external temperature difference) ⁇ predicted set temperature difference) ⁇ K2” using the relaxation coefficient K2.
- the relaxation coefficient K2 is a value smaller than 1 similarly to the relaxation coefficient K1.
- the correction value 2 is determined in inverse proportion to the expected internal / external temperature difference. That is, the correction value 2 decreases as the predicted internal / external temperature difference increases, and increases as the predicted internal / external temperature difference decreases.
- the correction value 2 is determined in proportion to the expected set temperature difference. That is, the correction value 2 increases as the predicted set temperature difference increases, and decreases as the predicted set temperature difference decreases.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of changes in the room temperature when the target outflow temperature is determined using only the correction value 1 and when the target outflow temperature is determined using the correction value 1 and the correction value 2.
- the current room temperature is lower than the set temperature, but the predicted arrival temperature may be higher than the set temperature.
- the normal correction value 1 is a positive value
- the normal correction value 2 is a negative value. That is, since the current room temperature is lower than the set temperature, the correction value 1 increases the target outflow temperature and increases the heating capacity.
- the correction value 2 works in the direction of lowering the target outflow temperature and lowering the heating capacity because the expected arrival temperature is higher than the set temperature.
- the target outflow temperature is set higher (or lower) than necessary so that the room temperature does not become higher (or lower) than the set temperature. It is prevented.
- the same target outflow temperature is calculated when the target outflow temperature is determined using only the correction value 1 and when the target outflow temperature is determined using the correction value 1 and the correction value 2. It had been. Therefore, the room temperature was the same in both cases. However, after time t1, the current room temperature is lower than the set temperature, but the expected temperature reached is higher than the set temperature. Therefore, the correction value 2 worked to lower the target outflow temperature and lower the heating capacity.
- the target outflow temperature when the target outflow temperature is determined only with the correction value 1, the room temperature slightly exceeds the target room temperature after the time t2.
- the target outflow temperature is determined using the correction value 1 and the correction value 2, it takes time until the room temperature approaches the target room temperature, but the room temperature does not exceed the target room temperature. .
- any method may be used to calculate the predicted arrival temperature Tai ( ⁇ ).
- a predetermined temperature is calculated from the indoor temperature measured at a plurality of past time points and the outflow temperature at that time. It can be calculated using the formula.
- what is necessary is just to use the already-known formula as a formula for calculating the room temperature, the outflow temperature at that time, and the expected temperature at arrival Tai ( ⁇ ).
- the air conditioning system 1 calculates the target outflow temperature using the correction value 2 in addition to the correction value 1.
- the target outflow temperature is prevented from being set higher (or lower) than necessary, and the room temperature is prevented from being higher (or lower) than the set temperature. Therefore, control with high driving efficiency can be performed without impairing the comfort of the user.
- the water circuit 10 connecting the intermediate heat exchanger 9 and the indoor heat exchanger 12 is a circuit through which water flows.
- the circuit that connects the intermediate heat exchanger 9 and the indoor heat exchanger 12 is not limited to a circuit through which water flows, and may be a circuit through which other fluid flows. That is, the fluid heated or cooled by the intermediate heat exchanger 9 may be a fluid other than water.
- 1 air conditioning system 2 outdoor unit, 3 indoor unit, 4 refrigerant circuit, 5 compressor, 6 four-way valve, 7 outdoor heat exchanger, 8 expansion mechanism, 9 intermediate heat exchanger, 10 water circuit, 11 water pump, 12 Indoor heat exchanger, 21 outdoor temperature detector, 22 inlet water temperature detector, 23 outlet water temperature detector, 24 indoor temperature detector, 31 set temperature determination device, 32 control device.
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Abstract
Description
一般的に、この空気調和システムは、例えば、暖房時は35℃の温水が室内熱交換器へ供給され、冷房時は16℃の冷水が室内熱交換器へ供給されるというように、空調負荷によらず水温を一定にする方式である。この方式では、季節の中間期等の空調負荷が小さい場合、室温が設定値になると熱源装置を停止するという制御、あるいは、三方弁等を制御することで室内熱交換器への送水を停止するという制御が行われる。そのため、暖房運転や冷房運転が断続的に行われることになり、使用者の快適性が損なわれるとともに、運転効率が低下する。
この発明は、使用者の快適性を損なうことなく、高い運転効率を実現することを目的とする。
流体を加熱又は冷却する熱源装置と、前記熱源装置で加熱又は冷却された流体と室内空気との熱交換を行う室内熱交換器とを備える空気調和システムであり、
前記室内空気の温度である室内温度を計測する室内温度計測部と、
外気温度を計測する外気温度計測部と、
前記室内温度計測部が計測した室内温度と、前記外気温度計測部が計測した外気温度との差である室内外温度差が大きくなるほど、前記熱源装置から前記室内熱交換器へ供給する流体の目標温度の変化率が小さくなるように、前記目標温度を決定する目標温度決定部と、
前記目標温度決定部が決定した目標温度に応じて、前記熱源装置を制御する制御部と
を備えることを特徴とする。
図1は、空気調和システム1の構成図である。
空気調和システム1は、冷媒回路4を備える熱源装置である室外機2と、室内熱交換器12を備える室内機3とを備える。室外機2は室外に設置され、室内機3は室内に設置される。室外機2と室内機3とは、水回路10により接続される。水回路10は、水ポンプ11により、水が循環する回路である。
なお、水回路10は、冷媒回路4に接続された中間熱交換器9に接続されている。そのため、冷媒回路4を循環する冷媒と、水回路10を循環する水とは、中間熱交換器9で熱交換される。
また、室外熱交換器7は、地中に埋められ、地熱を熱源として利用する熱交換器であってもよい。地熱は、年間を通じて安定した熱源となる。また、室外熱交換器7は、プレート熱交換器であってもよい。この場合、水や不凍液等が熱源として利用される。
また、膨張機構8は、キャピラリのような開度が固定の絞り装置を複数並列に並べて構成してもよい。
また、中間熱交換器9として、二重管式や満液式の熱交換器を用いてもよい。
また、水ポンプ11は、回転速度が一定のポンプと、開度が変更可能な容量制御弁とを組合せて構成してもよい。この場合、容量制御弁の開度を調整することで水回路10を循環する水の流量を変更することができる。
水回路10を循環する水の流量を変更しない場合には、水ポンプ11は回転速度が一定のポンプであってもよい。
また、室内熱交換器12は、ラジエータに限らず、ファンコイルユニットや、床暖房パネル等であってもよい。
また、室内機3は、室内温度検出器24(室内温度検出部)を備える。室内温度検出器24は、室内温度を検出する。
設定温度決定装置31は、室外温度検出器21、入口水温検出器22、出口水温検出器23、室内温度検出器24が検出した温度に基づき、室外機2から流出する水の目標温度を決定する。
制御装置32は、設定温度決定装置31が決定した目標温度に応じて、圧縮機5へ指令を出し、圧縮機5の回転速度を制御して、室外機2から流出する水の温度が目標温度になるようにする。また、制御装置32は、膨張機構8を制御して、冷媒回路4を循環する冷媒の流量を調整する。また、制御装置32は、水ポンプ11を制御して、水回路10を循環する水の流量を調整する。
なお、設定温度決定装置31と制御装置32とは、マイクロコンピュータ等のコンピュータである。図1では、設定温度決定装置31と制御装置32とを別のコンピュータとして示しているが、設定温度決定装置31と制御装置32とは1つのコンピュータにより実現されていてもよい。
設定温度決定装置31は、室外機2の能力である中間熱交換器9の熱交換量Qwと、室内空気と外気との熱交換量Qioで表される室内負荷との熱バランスの関係から、空気調和システム1の使用者により設定された設定温度に室内温度をするための目標流出温度を決定する。
<式1>
Qw=Gw×Cpw×(Two-Twi)
<式2>
Qio=AKio×(Tai-Tao)
Gw×Cpw×(Two-Twi)=AKio×(Tai-Tao)
この式を変形すると、次のような式になる。
(Two-Twi)=(AKio/(Gw×Cpw))×(Tai-Tao)
ここで、(AKio/(Gw×Cpw))をC1と置き換えれば、流入温度Twi、流出温度Two、室内温度Tai、室外温度Taoの関係を式3で表すことができる。なお、C1は、水の流量Gw、水の比熱Cpw、建物の熱交換性能AKioで決定される定数である。
<式3>
(Two-Twi)=C1×(Tai-Tao)
<式4>
(Twom-Twi)=C1×(Taim-Tao)
C1=(Two-Twi)/(Tai-Tao)
同様に、式4からC1を次のように表せる。
C1=(Twom-Twi)/(Taim-Tao)
したがって、この2つの式から次の式が得られる。
(Two-Twi)/(Tai-Tao)=(Twom-Twi)/(Taim-Tao)
この式を変形すると、流入温度Twi、流出温度Two、室内温度Tai、室外温度Tao、目標室内温度Taim、流出温度Twomの関係は式5で表すことができる。
<式5>
(Twom-Twi)/(Two-Twi)=(Taim-Tao)/(Tai-Tao)
<式6>
Twom=Two+((Two-Twi)/(Tai-Tao))×(Taim-Tai)
<式1’>
Qw=Gw×Cpw×(Twi-Two)
<式2’>
Qio=AKio×(Tao-Tai)
<式3’>
(Twi-Two)=C1×(Tao-Tai)
<式4’>
(Twi-Twom)=C1×(Tao-Taim)
式3’と式4’とから、式5に対応する式5’は次のようになる。
<式5’>
(Twi-Twom)/(Twi-Two)=(Tao-Taim)/(Tao-Tai)
<式6’>
Twom=Two+((Two-Twi)/(Tao-Tai))×(Tai-Taim)
同様に、冷房運転時の目標流出温度Twomを表す式6’におけるTwoは、現在の流出温度である。式6における(Tao-Tai)は、室外温度Taoと室内温度Taiとの差である室内外温度差を表す。式6における(Two-Twi)は、流出温度Twoと流入温度Twiとの差である出入口温度差(前後温度差)を表す。式6における(Tai-Taim)は、目標室内温度Taim(設定温度)と室内温度Tai(現在の室内温度)との差である設定温度差を表す。
したがって、式6と式6’とはいずれも、式7のように表すことができる。
<式7>
目標流出温度=現在の流出温度+((出入口温度差/室内外温度差)×設定温度差)
式7から分かるように、設定温度決定装置31は、室内外温度差に反比例させて目標流出温度を決定する。つまり、設定温度決定装置31は、室内外温度差が大きくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が小さくなるように、室内外温度差が小さくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が大きくなるように、目標流出温度を決定する。
また、式7から分かるように、設定温度決定装置31は、出入口温度差に比例させて目標流出温度を決定する。つまり、設定温度決定装置31は、出入口温度差が大きくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が大きくなるように、出入口温度差が小さくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が小さくなるように、目標流出温度を決定する。
また、式7から分かるように、設定温度決定装置31は、設定温度差に比例させて目標流出温度を決定する。つまり、設定温度決定装置31は、設定温度差が大きくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が大きくなるように、設定温度差が小さくなるほど目標流出温度の変化率が小さくなるように、目標流出温度を決定する。
(S1)では、設定温度決定装置31は、空気調和システム1は運転が開始されると、暖房運転であるか、冷房運転であるかを判定する。暖房運転であれば、予め記憶装置に記憶された式6を読み出す。一方、冷房運転であれば、予め記憶装置に記憶された式6’を読み出す。
室内温度と設定温度とが等しい場合には、設定温度決定装置31は目標流出温度の変更はせず、所定時間経過後に再び室内温度と設定温度とが等しいか否かを判定する。一方、室内温度と設定温度とが異なる場合、設定温度決定装置31は(S3)へ処理を進める。
室内温度が設定温度よりも低い場合には、補正値1は通常正の値となる。その結果、目標流出温度は、現在の流出温度よりも高くなる。暖房運転の場合であれば、制御装置32は、圧縮機5の回転速度を速くして、中間熱交換器9での熱交換量Qwを多くする。これにより、中間熱交換器9における水への加熱が促進され、室外機2から流出する水の温度が高くなる。
一方、室内温度が設定温度よりも高い場合には、補正値1は通常負の値となる。その結果、目標流出温度は、現在の流出温度よりも低くなる。暖房運転の場合であれば、制御装置32は、圧縮機5の回転速度を遅くして、中間熱交換器9での熱交換量Qwを少なくする。これにより、中間熱交換器9における水への加熱が抑えられ、室外機2から流出する水の温度が低くなる。
図5は、目標流出温度の算出における室内外温度差の影響の説明図である。図5において、横軸は外気温を示し、縦軸は室外機2の能力を示す。
ここでは、室内温度が18℃、設定温度が20℃であるとする。この場合に、外気温が0℃の場合と、10℃の場合とで、目標流出温度の算出にどのような影響があるかを説明する。
室内温度を設定温度である20℃にするのに必要な室外機2の能力と、室内温度を現在の室内温度である18℃にするのに必要な室外機2の能力との比について、外気温が0℃の場合と、外気温が10℃の場合とで比較する。
外気温が0℃の場合における室外機2の能力の比は、(18℃―0℃)/(20℃―0℃)×100=90%である。つまり、外気温が0℃の場合、10%程度の能力が不足していることになる。すなわち、外気温が0℃の場合、10%程度の能力増加に相当する目標流出温度の上昇により、室内温度18℃が設定温度20℃になると言える。
一方、外気温が10℃の場合における室外機2の能力の比は、(18℃―10℃)/(20℃―10℃)×100=80%である。つまり、外気温が10℃の場合、20%程度の能力が不足していることになる。すなわち、外気温が10℃の場合、20%程度の能力増加に相当する目標流出温度の上昇により、室内温度18℃が設定温度20℃になると言える。
外気温が0℃の場合は、外気温が10℃の場合に比べ、目標流出温度の変化率は小さい。つまり、設定温度と室内温度の差である設定温度差が同じであっても、室内外温度差が大きい場合、目標流出温度の変化率は小さく、室内外温度差が小さい場合、目標流出温度の変化率は大きい。
ここでは、流入温度が30℃である場合に、流出温度が40℃の場合と、35℃の場合とで、目標流出温度の算出にどのような影響があるかを説明する。
(Twom-Twi)=((Taim-Tao)/(Tai-Tao))×(Two-Twi)
(Taim-Tao)/(Tai-Tao)をαと置き換えれば、目標流出温度Twomと流入温度Twiとの差を式8のように表すことができる。
<式8>
(Twom-Twi)=α×(Two-Twi)
(Twom-Twi)=α×(40℃-30℃)
したがって、この場合の目標流出温度Twomは、式9のようになる。
<式9>
Twom=α×10℃+30℃
(Twom-Twi)=α×(35℃-30℃)
したがって、この場合の目標流出温度Twomは、式10のようになる。
<式10>
Twom=α×5℃+30℃
すなわち、設定温度と室内温度の差である設定温度差が同じであっても、出入口温度差が大きい場合、目標流出温度の変化率は大きく、出入口温度差が小さい場合、目標流出温度の変化率は小さい。
そこで、設定温度決定装置31は、建物の熱容量に応じて、新たな目標流出温度を設定するまでの時間間隔を変更してもよい。例えば、設定温度決定装置31は、建物の熱容量が大きく室内温度変化が遅い場合は、新たな目標流出温度を設定するまでの時間間隔を長くする。これにより、室内温度が変化している最中に目標流出温度を変更し、流出温度が必要以上に高く(あるいは低く)なることを防止できる。その結果、室内温度が設定温度以上に高く(あるいは低く)なることを防止できる。
したがって、さらに、使用者の快適性が向上し、運転効率も向上する。
なお、所定の間隔で室内温度検出器24が検出した温度を記憶装置に記憶しておき、室内温度と現在の室内温度の温度変化幅から建物の熱容量を計測してもよい。
そこで、制御装置32は、室外機2で使用される電力に比例させて、水ポンプ11の流量を変化させてもよい。つまり、空気調和システム1全体で使用される電力に対する水ポンプ11で使用される電力が一定にしてもよい。これにより、運転効率が向上する。
実施の形態2では、目標流出温度が必要以上に高く(あるいは低く)設定され、室内温度が設定温度以上に高く(あるいは低く)なることを防止する方法について説明する。
なお、実施の形態2では、実施の形態1と異なる部分のみ説明する。
実施の形態2では、新たに補正値2を定義する。そして、設定温度決定装置31は、現在の流出温度に補正値1と補正値2とを加算して、目標流出温度を計算する。
ここで、補正値2は、室内温度が設定温度以上に高く(あるいは低く)ならないように、目標流出温度が必要以上に高く(あるいは低く)設定されることを防止するように補正する値である。
<式11>
補正値2=((Two-Twi)/(Tai(∞)-Tao))×(Taim-Tai(∞))
<式11’>
補正値2=((Two-Twi)/(Tao-Tai(∞)))×(Tai(∞)-Taim)
つまり、補正値1は「(出入口温度差/室内外温度差)×設定温度差」であるのに対して、補正値2は「(出入口温度差/予想内外温度差)×予想設定温度差」である。なお、補正値1は緩和係数K1を用いて、「((出入口温度差/室内外温度差)×設定温度差)×K1」としてもよいと説明した。同様に、補正値2も緩和係数K2を用いて、「((出入口温度差/予想内外温度差)×予想設定温度差)×K2」としてもよい。ここで、緩和係数K2は、緩和係数K1と同様に、1よりも小さい値である。
また、補正値2は、予想設定温度差に比例して決定される。つまり、補正値2は、予想設定温度差が大きくなるほど大きくなり、予想設定温度差が小さくなるほど小さくなる。
現在の室温は設定温度よりも低いが、到達予想温度は設定温度よりも高いという場合が考えられる。この場合には、通常補正値1は正の値となり、通常補正値2は負の値となる。つまり、補正値1は、現在の室温が設定温度よりも低いため、目標流出温度を高くして、暖房能力を高くする方向に働く。一方、補正値2は、到達予想温度が設定温度よりも高いため、目標流出温度を低くして、暖房能力を低くする方向に働く。
このように、補正値2を用いて目標流出温度を計算することにより、室内温度が設定温度以上に高く(あるいは低く)ならないように、目標流出温度が必要以上に高く(あるいは低く)設定されることが防止される。
図7では、時刻t1までは、補正値1のみで目標流出温度を決定した場合と、補正値1と補正値2とを用いて目標流出温度を決定した場合とで同一の目標流出温度が計算されていた。そのため、どちらの場合も同じ室内温度となった。しかし、時刻t1以降は、現在の室温は設定温度よりも低いが、到達予想温度は設定温度よりも高い状態となった。そのため、補正値2が目標流出温度を低くして、暖房能力を低くする方向に働いた。その結果、補正値1のみで目標流出温度を決定した場合には、時刻t2を過ぎると、室内温度が目標室内温度を若干超えてしまった。一方、補正値1と補正値2とを用いて目標流出温度を決定した場合には、室内温度が目標室内温度へ近づくまでに時間はかかるものの、室内温度が目標室内温度を超えることがなかった。
Claims (13)
- 流体を加熱又は冷却する熱源装置と、前記熱源装置で加熱又は冷却された流体と室内空気との熱交換を行う室内熱交換器とを備える空気調和システムであり、
前記室内空気の温度である室内温度を検出する室内温度検出部と、
外気温度を検出する外気温度検出部と、
前記室内温度検出部が検出した室内温度と、前記外気温度検出部が検出した外気温度との差である室内外温度差が大きくなるほど、前記熱源装置から前記室内熱交換器へ供給する流体の目標温度の変化率が小さくなるように、前記目標温度を決定する目標温度決定部と、
前記目標温度決定部が決定した目標温度に応じて、前記熱源装置を制御する制御部と
を備えることを特徴とする空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、さらに、
前記熱源装置で加熱又は冷却される前の流体の前温度を検出する前温度検出部と、
前記熱源装置で加熱又は冷却された後の流体の後温度を検出する後温度検出部と
を備え、
前記目標温度決定部は、さらに、前記前温度検出部が検出した前温度と、前記後温度検出部が検出した後温度との差である前後温度差が大きくなるほど、前記目標温度の変化率が大きくなるように、前記目標温度を決定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、さらに、
予め設定された前記室内空気の到達目標温度である設定室温を取得する設定室温取得部
を備え、
前記目標温度決定部は、さらに、前記室内温度検出部が検出した室内温度と、前記設定室温取得部が取得した設定室温との差である設定温度差が大きくなるほど、前記目標温度の変化率が大きくなるように、前記目標温度を決定する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標温度決定部は、「(前記前後温度差/前記室内外温度差)×前記設定温度差」に基づき補正値1を計算して、現在設定されている目標温度に前記補正値1を加算して、新たな目標温度とする
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、さらに、
現在設定されている目標温度に基づき、前記制御部が前記熱源装置を制御した場合において、所定の時間経過後における前記室内空気の温度が到達する到達予想温度を計算する予想温度計算部
を備え、
前記目標温度決定部は、前記予想温度計算部が計算した到達予想温度と、前記外気温度検出部が検出した外気温度との差である予想内外温度差と、前記到達予想温度と、前記設定室温取得部が取得した設定室温との差である予想設定温度差を用いて、「(前記前後温度差/前記予想内外温度差)×前記予想設定温度差」に基づき補正値2を計算して、設定されている目標温度に前記補正値1と前記補正値2とを加算して、新たな目標温度とする
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標温度決定部は、「((前記前後温度差/前記室内外温度差)×前記設定温度差)×所定の緩和係数K1」により補正値1を計算し、「((前記前後温度差/前記予想内外温度差)×前記予想設定温度差)×所定の緩和係数K2」により補正値2を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記予想温度計算部は、複数の過去の時点における室内温度に基づき、前記到達予想温度を計算する
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記熱源装置は、圧縮機と、第1熱交換器と、膨張機構と、第2熱交換器とが順次配管により接続され、冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を備えるヒートポンプ式の熱源装置であり、前記第1熱交換器で冷媒と流体とを熱交換させて流体を加熱又は冷却し、
前記制御部は、前記目標温度に応じて前記圧縮機を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標温度決定部は、室内の熱容量に応じて、目標温度を新たに決定するまでの間隔を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、さらに、
前記室内温度検出部が検出した室内温度を記憶装置に記憶する室内温度記憶部と、
前記室内温度記憶部が記憶した室内温度から室内温度の変化速度を計算する変化速度計算部と
を備え、
前記目標温度決定部は、前記変化速度計算部が計算した変化速度に応じて、目標温度を新たに決定するまでの間隔を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、さらに、
前記熱源装置と前記室内熱交換器とを接続し、流体が循環する流体回路
を備え、
前記制御部は、さらに、前記熱源装置の制御に応じて、前記流体回路を循環する流体の循環量を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記空気調和システムは、複数の部屋の各部屋に設置された複数の室内熱交換器を備え、
前記室内温度検出部は、前記複数の室内熱交換器のうちの所定の室内熱交換器が設置された部屋の室内空気の温度を前記室内温度として検出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 流体を加熱又は冷却する熱源装置と、前記熱源装置で加熱又は冷却された流体と室内空気との熱交換を行う室内熱交換器とを備える空気調和システムの制御方法であり、
前記室内空気の温度である室内温度を検出する室内温度検出ステップと、
外気温度を検出する外気温度検出ステップと、
前記室内温度検出ステップで検出した室内温度と、前記外気温度検出ステップで検出した外気温度との差である室内外温度差が大きくなるほど、前記熱源装置から前記室内熱交換器へ供給する流体の目標温度の変化率が小さくなるように、前記目標温度を決定する目標温度決定ステップと、
前記目標温度決定ステップで決定した目標温度に応じて、前記熱源装置を制御する制御ステップと
を備えることを特徴とする空気調和システムの制御方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102770718B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
US9797614B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
CN102770718A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
JPWO2011104827A1 (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
JP5312674B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2466220A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
US20120291468A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
EP2466220B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2466220A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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